RIZAL’S LIFE IN DAPITAN
Presented by: Sabañeco and Villarante
Rizal’s ideals and teaching can also be related to
the current conditions and issues of our society and
can develop an appreciation and deeper
understanding of all that Rizal fought and died for.
As young adults who have been given the
responsibility of governing our country's future, we
have the obligation to better ourselves and what
better inspiration do we have than Rizal?
Most people wonder why it’s important to study
Rizal’s life when all he did is write literature. It is
through his writings that he revealed how cruel and
abusive the Spaniards truly are in their treatment of
the Filipino people. He also enlightened his fellow
countrymen to take up arms and stand up for their
right.
It’s because of this that he was imprisoned but that
didn’t falter him and inspired him to continue writing.
It is Rizal who uplifted his generation and
emphasized that the youth is the hope of our nation.
We can take a lot from Rizal’s life, like being aware
of what goes on in our country and not just idly
accept the injustice we receive in our country. To
quote Rizal: “The Filipino are worth dying for.”
Rizal’s life as an exile in Dapitan
Arrival in Manila – The Entrapment
Rizal left HK with his sister Lucia
June 26, 1892 – Rizal and Lucia arrived
Subjected to inspection by the custom
authorities
On the same day of his arrival – Rizal
immediately reported to Governor General
Eulogio Despujol
Gov. General lifted the deportation of Francisco
The Arrest
July 6, as scheduled, Rizal went back to the
Palace to see the Gov.
Rizal was asked about the allege confiscated
documents “The Poor Friars”
Gov Gen issued deportation order – published in
the “Gaceta de Manila” on July 7, 1892
Dapitan
Rizal (Carnicero and a certain Equilor) won
lottery – ticket number 9736 – second price –
20,000 pesos
Rizal’s share – purchased his own land
Revamp
Don Antonio Maura – (liberal minded) became
Minister of the Colonies - he asked for the
resignation of Despujol
Federico Ochando – temporarily replaced
Despujol
Gov. Gen Ramon Blanco (Military Gov. in
Mindanao in 1866) – replaced Ochando
Blanco helped Rizal to volunteer in the Spanish
Medical Corps in Cuba
Blanco refused to implicate Rizal in the uprising
(katipunan)
Revamp
Carnicero was replaced by Juan Sitges
(probably because Carnicero treated Rizal as a
friend, not an enemy)
Fr. Pablo Pastells was replaced by Fr. Juan Ricart
as superior of the Jesuit Order
RIZAL’S LIFE IN DAPITAN
AS AN EXILE
Presented by: Lominoque
10:00 in the evening was Jose Rizal’s schedule to
leave Fort Santiago.
1:00 in the morning Jose Rizal boarded the ferryboat
“Cebu” bound to Dapitan.
The captain of the ship gave him prime cabin marked
as “jefes” which means commanding officer.
July 17, 1892
The ferry boat “Cebu” arrived in Dapitan.
He met Ricardo Carnicero who offered him to live
either in his house or at Jesuit Mission house.
His life in Dapitan and Other Activities
Rizal carried a letter from the Superior of the Jesuit
Society of the Philippines, Father Pablo Pastells. The
said letter is to be given to the Jesuit Parish Priest in
Dpitan, Father Antonio Obach.
Fr. Pablo Pastell Fr. Antonio Obach
His life in Dapitan and Other Activities
In the letter, the superior said that Rizal could stay
and live in the parish, BUT there are conditions
provided,
That Rizal publicly retract his errors concerning
religion, and make statements that were clearly
Pro Spanish and against revolution.
That he performed the church rites and make a
general confession of his past life.
Presented by: Paldez
Rizal never drank hard liquor and never smoked, but
he was a lottery addict. He always invested at least
three pesetas every month in lottery tickets. Peseta-
the currency of Spain between 1869 and 2002.
January 1893
Jose Rizal Told Ricardo Carnicero to stay in his own
house. Rizal’s house was completed March where
was able to cultivate lanzones, mango, macopa,
langka, santol, mangosteen and cocoa trees. Casa
Redonda Piqueña is a replica of the hexagonal
poultry of Rizal. Restored to its original hexagonal
form with similar materials as the other huts, the
poultry house is big enough to accommodate a few
dozen chickens.
Casa Cuadrada is a replica of the pupils’
classroom
Rizal established in Dapitan a school. It began with 3
pupils who increased to 16 and eventually 21.
He didn’t ask the students for payment but instead
ask them to help in his projects, farms and garden. H
He taught them Spanish, English, Mathematics and
how to work. His class started after lunch until 4:00
in the afternoon
In his letter to Blumentritt, he once said: “One can
judge their enthusiasm for study when, even though
they have to work for me; they worked in order to
study.”
Casa Redonda, a replica of the octagonal clinic of
Rizal, serves as a poignant reminder of the medical
treatments performed by Rizal during his exile in
Dapitan. Using similar materials as the main house, it
stands as a testament to his dedication to healing.
Rizal practiced medicine in Dapitan, providing free
medications to the people. His mother and family
lived with him for over a year, where he successfully
operated on her eyes and treated numerous patients
from neighboring towns. The casitas de salud are
replicas of Rizal's hospital houses, offering care to
those in need.
Casa Cuadrada
During a time when a wealthy Englishman had his
cataract removed at his clinic for Php 500, he used
the money to put up lamps in the streets. Meanwhile,
his family faced challenges as his mother left with
Trinidad, leaving behind his sisters Maria and Narcisa
along with their nephews in Dapitan. Sadly, their
father's deteriorating health prevented him from
joining them. Rizal expressed concern for his father's
weakening condition in letters to Blumentritt and
Josefa, longing to see him soon and sending love
through kisses on their behalf.
Casitas de Salud are replicas of the hospital houses
of Rizal and composed of two littlehuts with a floor
area of 70 square feet. Each hut, one for male and
the other for female,could accommodate two
patients.Rizal found Mindanao as a rich virgin field
for collecting Specimens. Together withhis students
they explored on jungles and coasts to seek for some
specimens whichwill be sent to Europe and in return
the European Scientist will send them
Scientificequipment. During his 4-year stay in
Dapitan, he was able to built up a richcollection of
oncology which consists of 346 shells representing
203 species.
Rare species named after Rizal
Flying lizard (Draco rizali)
Small beetle (apogonia rizali)
Toad (Rachophorous rizali)
Jose Rizal, the national hero of the Philippines, was
not only a brilliant writer and revolutionary but also a
successful businessman. In partnership with Ramon
Carreon, Rizal ventured into various industries such
as fishing, copra, and hemp. Among these ventures,
the hemp industry proved to be the most profitable
for Rizal. In a letter to his friend Blumentritt, he
proudly mentioned his success in this business
endeavor. Rizal's entrepreneurial spirit and success
were truly remarkable
Rizal’s Love for Country
Rizal’s second letter while in Hong Kong was
addressed TO THE FILIPINOS, and is as
follows:
THE ABORTIVE CUBAN
SERVICE
Presented by: Cabornay and Pacujan
Rizal leaves Dapitan
July 31, 1896 – Rizal left Dapitan
August 6, 1896 – Rizal arrived in Manila
August 30, 1896 – Rizal received letter from Gov
Gen Blanco (The letter was meant to introduce
Rizal to the Ministers of War in Cuba for his
enlistment)
Septemper 2, 1896 – Rizal was transferred to
steamer “Isla de Panay”
Rizal leaves Dapitan
September 3, 1896 – Steamer Isla de Panay left
Manila (same day that charges were filed
against Rizal in connection with the insurgency)
September 30, 1896 – The Captain of Isla de
Panay told Rizal he would be confined to his
cabin
Rizal leaves Dapitan
October 3, 1896 – Isla de Panay arrived in
Barcelona
October 6, 1896 – Rizal was taken to Mount Juich
Castle (temporary detention) The commanding
officer of the Detention is Gen. Eulogo Despujol
(former governor of the Phil)
Back to Fort Santiago
Despujol informed Rizal that authorities wanted
him (Rizal) back to the Philippines (Col Francisco
Olive – requested Gen Blanco for Rizal to be
back)
October 6, 1896 - left Barcelona for Manila
November 3, 1896 – arrived in Manila
Back to Fort Santiago
November 30, 1896 Gen Olive summoned Rizal to
appear before him for preliminary investigation
(informed of the nature of charges against him)
Captain Rafael Dominguez – appointed by Gov
Blanco to act as special judge advocate) – found
probable cause for prosecution
Back to Fort Santiago
Blanco forwarded the case to the auditor
general Nicolas Peña
Lt. Taviel de Andrade – defense lawyer of Rizal
December 11, 1896 – formally charged of
rebellion, sedition, and illegal association.
The Trial and Martyrdom of the National Hero
Rizal falls into Spanish Trap
June 21, 1892 – Rizal penned another letter in HK for
Governor Despujol. In this letter, he informed the
governor general of his coming to Manila and placed
himself under the protection of the Spanish
government. June 21, 1892 – (On the same date) Rizal
and his sister Lucia left HK for Manila. They carried a
special passport or “safe-conduct” issued by the
Spanish consul-general in Hong Kong.
The Arrest, Trial, and Execution of Rizal
The Arrest, Trial, and Execution of Rizal
1. On 29th December, 1896 when Rizal was notified
of the Report (sentence by the Council of War),
he refused to sign it stating that he was innocent
of the charges against him and that he was not
a Chinese mestizo as stated in the Report but an
Indio.
2. That it was a firing squad composed of eight
native (Filipino) soldiers who shot Rizal at
Babumbayan field.
3. That he was not only shot once but twice.
4.
The Arrest, Trial, and Execution of Rizal
4. That a dog (mascot) ran around the lifeless body
of Rizal, whining.
5. That Rizal was buried at Paco Cemetery without a
coffin.
6. That it was only in 1911 during the American
Occupation of the Philippines that Rizal’s remains
where transferred to where a monument now
stands in his honor.
The Trial of Jose P. Rizal
On 20th December, 1896, Rizal together with his
counsel, Lt. Taviel de Andrade of the Spanish
Artillery, prepared for his defense.
Five days later, on 25th December, Christmas Day,
Rizal was informed that on the following day, at
10:00 am, the Council of War would convene. Rizal
wrote his counsel Taviel, asking for a conference
prior to appearing before the Council. However, it
was not known whether such pre-trial conference
between Rizal and his counsel took place.
The Trial of Jose P. Rizal
On 26th December, at the Cuartel General de
Espana, a soldier’s dormitory was converted into an
improvised courtroom.
The trial proceeded with the reading of the
accusations against Rizal “as principal organizer”
and “moving spirit of the Philippine insurrection,
founder of societies, of newspapers and [who] has
written books designed to foment and propagate
ideas of rebellion and sedition among the people, as
well as the principal leader of the anti-government
in the country.”
The Trial of Jose P. Rizal
On 29th December, Judge Dominguez went to Fort
Santiago to notify Rizal officially of the sentence.
Rizal read the report or verdict but refused to sign it,
stating that he was innocent.
In the morning of 30 December, 1896, Rizal was
executed at Bagumbayan field by musketry.
The Trial of Jose P. Rizal
On 29th December, Judge Dominguez went to Fort
Santiago to notify Rizal officially of the sentence.
Rizal read the report or verdict but refused to sign it,
stating that he was innocent.
In the morning of 30 December, 1896, Rizal was
executed at Bagumbayan field by musketry.
THE EXECUTION OF
RIZAL
Presented by: Ogacho
AT 6:30 A.M. ON 30 DECEMBER 1896
Jose rizal, bound elbow-to-elbow, left fort santiago
by foot for bagumbayan field, accompanied by a
bugler, a drummer and two jesuit priests, Fr.
Estanislao march and Fr. Jose Villaclara. They took
the paseo de maria cristina, now called bonifacio
drive.
Behind Rizal was his defense counsel Luis Taviel de
Andrade.
A squad of soldiers surrounded them as they walked
slowly. Upon reaching Bagumbayan Field, Rizal
placed himself in the middle of the square, filled with
400 men, with a band playing.
“Eight native soldiers composed the firing squad.
BEHIND THEM WERE EIGHT SPANISH soldiers with
mauser rifles, ready to shoot the native soldiers if
they refused to shoot rizal.”
Rizal then shook hands with his defense counsel, Lt.
Taviel de Andrade and thanked him for his efforts in
defending him. A military doctor came to take his
pulse; it was normal.
The Jesuits raised a crucifix for him to kiss, but Rizal
had already turned away silently and prepared
himself for death.
“CONSUMATUM EST!”
(It is finished!)
Another soldier gave the body “tiro de gracia” -- one
last shot to make sure Rizal was dead. Shouts of
“Viva Espana!” rent the air.
The band of the regiment struck the first chords of
“Marcha de Cadiz.” By 7:03 a.m.the execution was
over.
RIZAL WAS BURIED WITHOUT A COFFIN
After the execution of Rizal his body was placed in a
van and with utmost secrecy Buried in the old Paco
Cemetery.
Sra. Teodora, the mother of Rizal, wanted to comply
with the last wish of her son, that the family take
charge of his remains.
After several objections on the part of some Spanish
officials, Civil Governor Manuel Luengo agreed to
her petition.
RIZAL WAS BURIED WITHOUT A COFFIN
However, when the funeral coach left, they had
already secretly taken the body away, and Rizal's
sister, Narcisa, went to all the cemeteries of Manila
looking for the remains in vain.
On the way back, she saw, through the open gate of
the Paco Cemetery, some guardia civiles. This gave
her a hint. She entered the cemetery and after much
searching found a freshly dug grave covered with
earth.
RIZAL WAS BURIED WITHOUT A COFFIN
She gave the gravedigger some money and placed a
plaque with the initials of her brother in reverse,
R.P.J., which means Rizal, Protacio Jose.
A few days after the Americans occupied Manila in
August 1898, Rizal's sister Narcisa asked permission
from the new authorities to exhume the remains of
rizal.
The permission was Granted.
When the body was exhumed, it was discovered that
Rizal’s body had not even placed in a coffin.
The shoes were identified, but whatever had been
hidden inside them had already disintegrated
In 1911, Rizal’s remains were transferred from the
Pacocemetery to the base of the monument which
had earlier been erected at the luneta (Now Rizal
Park).
A few weeks later Sra. Teodora Alonso Quintos died.
It appears she made the effort to survive her son, to
go on living until such time that her son’s memory
would be officially vindicated.
RIZAL’S LOVE FOR HIS
PARENTS
Presented by: Mogote
Last Hongkong letters of Rizal
On June 19, 1892 he spent his 31st birthday in
Hong Kong. Evidently, he had premonition of his
death, for the following day, June 20 he wrote
two letters which he sealed, inscribed in each
envelop “to be opened after my death,” and
gave them to his friend, Dr. Marques for
safekeeping. The first letter was addressed TO
MY PARENTS, BRETHREN, AND FRIENDS, is as
follows:
“The affection that I have ever professed for you
suggests this step, and time alone can tellwhether or
not it is sensible. The outcome judges things
according to the consequences; but whether the
result be favorable or unfavorable, it may always be
said that duty urged me, so if I die in doing it, it will
not matter. I realize how much suffering I have
caused you yet I do not regret what I have done.
Rather, if I had to begin over again I should do just
the same, for what I have done has been only in
pursuit of my duty. Gladly do I go to expose myself
to peril, not as an expiation of misdeeds for in this
matter I believe myself guiltless of any, but to
complete my work and so that I, myself, may offer
the examples of which I have always preached.
A man ought to die for duty and his principles. I hold
fast to every idea which I have advanced as to the
condition and future of our country, and shall
willingly die for it, and even more willingly sacrifice all
to secure justice and peace for you. With pleasure,
then, I risk life to save so many innocent persons – so
many nieces and nephews, so many children of
friends, and children too of others who are not even
friend – who are suffering on my account. What am
I? A bachelor, practically without a family and
sufficiently undeceived as to life. I have had many
disappointments and the future before me is
gloomy, and will be gloomy if light does not
illuminate it with dawn of a better day for my native
land.
On the other hand, there are many persons, filled
with hope and ambition, who perhaps might be
happier if I were dead, and then I hope my enemies
would be satisfied and stop persecuting so many
entirely innocent people. To a certain extent their
hatred is justifiable as to myself, and my parents and
relatives. Should fate go against me, you will all
understand that I shall die happy in the thought that
my death will end all your troubles. Return to
ourcountry and may you be happy in it. Till the last
moment of my life I shall be thinking of you and
wishing you all good fortune and happiness.”
“The step which I am taking, or rather am about to take, is undoubtedly
risky, and it is unnecessary to say that I have considered it for some time. I
understand that almost everyone is opposed to it; but I know also that
hardly anybody else understands what is in my heart. I cannot live on
seeing so many suffer unjust persecution on my account; I cannot bear
the sight of my sisters and their numerous families treated like criminals. I
prefer death and cheerfully shall relinquish life to free so many innocent
persons from such unjust persecution. appreciate the fact that at
present the future of our country gravitates in some degree aroundme,
that at my death many will feel triumphant, and thus, many are now
wishing for my fall. But what of it? I hold duties of conscience above all
else. I have obligations to the families who suffer, to my aged parents
whose sight strikes me to the heart; I know that I alone, only my death
can make them happy, returning them to their native land to a peaceful
life athome. I am all my parents have, but our country has many more
sons who can take my place and even do my work better.
Besides I wish to show those who deny us the boon of patriotism that we
know how to diefor duty and principles. What matters death, if one dies
for what one loves, for native land and beings held dear?
If I thought that I were the only resource for the consummation of a
policy of progress in the Philippines and were I convinced that my
countrymen were going to make use of my services, perhaps, I should
hesitate about taking this step; but there are others who can take my
place, who can do my services that are not utilize, and I am reduced to
inactivity.
Always have I loved our unhappy land, and I am sure that I shall continue
loving it till my last moment, in case men prove unjust to me. My career,
my life, my happiness – and all I have sacrificed for love of it. Whatever
my fate I shall die blessing it and longing for the dawn of its redemption.
Rizal’s Role in Nation Building
Rizal’s Blue Print for Nation Building
· Education
· Racial Pride and Dignity
· National Consciousness
· Re-orientation of value sand attitudes
· Willingness to sacrifice
Rizal’s Role in Nation Building
Rizal’s Program of Action
Circulo Hispano--Filipino student organization in
Madrid
1888--At British Museum, Rizal had pieced
together the history of the Philippines which
revealed that even before the coming of the
Spaniards; the Filipinos already had a developed
culture.
Rizal’s Role in Nation Building
Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas
Rizal made notes on this because of its objective
representation of life in the Philippines at the
time of the arrival of the Spaniards.
Morga devoted a long final chapter to the study
of Filipino customs, manners and religions in the
early years of the Spanish conquest.
Rizal’s Role in Nation Building
Excerpts from Rizal Dedicatory:
“It is necessary to first lay bare the past in order
to better judge the present and to survey the
road trodden during three centuries.”
“We proceed to study the future.”
Rizal's question anD
HIS LOVE INTERESTS
Presented by: Jabien and Francisco
Were there enough leaders which are highly
dedicated and well trained among Filipinos?
Could the collective strength of the country insure a
good chance of victory?
Are the people united enough to share one common
prospective?
How effective were the means of communication?
The Indolence of the Filipinos Came out as a
series of 5 in the La Solidaridad from July 15 to
September 15 1899
La Liga Filipina (Philippine League) Rizal's major
plan of action
Rizal’s Political Reforms
First Novel; Noli Me Tangere (1884)- Raise the
political consciousness in relation to the current
state of affairs in the Philippines. Disseminate
information about their country through
journalism and public debate.
El Filibusterismo-A sequel to Noli Me Tangere
(1891) to draw attention calamitous state of
affairs in the country.
Rizal is Asia's first modern non-violent
proponent of political reforms.
Recognize the importance of industrial
education, to make it accessible to all.
Recognize the importance of industrial
education. Development of institution,
agriculture and commerce.
"Kabataan ang Pag-asa ng Bayan. "Education
for the Youth.
Socio Economic Reforms- Enlightenment through
education was not enough to improve the country's
right.
19th Century- The Philippines was experiencing the
kindling effect of an economic weakening and
material property.
Agricultural Improvement
The economic development of the Philippines would
largely depend on this •3 Factors of Production,
Land, Labor Capital (Coupled with justice)
Rizal’s famous quotations
"Ang hindi magmahal sa sariling wika, daig pa ang
hayop at malansang isda. "
"He who does not love his own language is worse
than an animal and smelly fish.”
"It is a useless life that is not consecrated to a great
ideal. It is like a stone wasted on the field without
becoming a part of any edifice."
"While a people preserves its language; it preserves
the marks of liberty."
Rizal’s famous quotations
"There can be no tyrants where there are no slaves. "
"Ang hindi marunong lumingon sa pinangalingan ay
hindi makakarating sa paroroonan. "
"He who does not know how to look back at where
he came from will never get to his destination. "
"The youth is the hope of our future.
Love interest of Rizal
1. Segunda Katigbak: "The Puppy Love"
Rizal's Age: 16
Where they met: Lipa, Batangas
Description: "She was rather short, with eyes that
were eloquent and ardent at times and languid at
others, rosycheeked, with an enchanting and
provocative smile that revealed very beautiful teeth,
and the air of a sylph; her entire self diffused a
mysterious charm. "
Reason of Separation: Segunda was already
engaged to be married to her townmate, Manuel
Luz.
Love interest of Rizal
2. Leonor Valenzuela
Rizal's Age:17
Where they met: House of Dona Concha Leyva in
Intramuros, as his neighbor.
How Rizal courted her: Wrote letters using invisible
ink. He then taught her how to read the letters.
Reason of Separation: Leonor married another man
Love interest of Rizal
3. Leonor Rivera
Leonor Rivera- Inspiration for the character of Maria
Clara in Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo Rizal's
Age: 18 Description: "Tender as a budding flower
with kindly, wistful eyes. "
Reason of Separation: In the autumn of 1890, Rizal
received a letter from Leonor telling him of her
coming marriage to a man whom her mother chose
to be her mate
Love interest of Rizal
4. Consuelo Ortiga y Perez
Where they met: Rizal frequented to the home of
Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey, the former city mayor of
Manila.
Rizal's Age: 21-22
Reason of Separation: Rizal's romance with Consuelo
did not turn into a serious affair; he decided to take
a step back for two reasons; First, he was still
engaged to Leonor Rivera; Second, he was aware of
his friend's affection to Consuelo.
Rizal's dedication to her: A La Senorita C.O.y.P
Love interest of Rizal
5. O-Sei-San
Rizal's Age: 27
Description: " You have the color of Camelia, its
freshness, its elegance" - Rizal
Where they met: Tokyo, Japan
Reason of Separation: Rizal was offered a position
at the Spanish Legation during that time. He then
decided to leave Japan and forget his romance
which pained him gravely because he truly loved O-
Sei-San.
Love interest of Rizal
6. Gertrude Beckett
Rizal's Age: 27
Date They Met: May 1888
Description: A blue-eyed and buxom girl.
Where they met: Boarding house of the Beckett
Family in London
Reason of Separation: Rizal withdrew his feelings
before having a relationship with Gertrude, realizing
that he had a greater mission to fulfill.
Love interest of Rizal
7. Suzanne Jacoby
Rizal's Age: 29
Date they met: January 28, 1890
Place they met: Brussels, Belgium
How they met: Rizal boarded with Suzanne and her
aunts during his stay in Brussels.
Reason of Separation: Rizal realized that he could
not deceive her. Suzanne fell in love with Rizal and
wept when he left for Madrid in July 1890
Love interest of Rizal
8. Nellie Boustead
Description: Mestiza daughter of a Filipina and a
wealthy French- English merchant whose house was
frequented by Filipinos in France.
Year they met: 1891
Where they met: Boustead family's winter residence,
Villa Eliada (Biarritz, France)
Reason of Separation: Rizal's marriage proposal
failed because Nellie demanded that Rizal give up
his Catholic faith and convert to Protestanism
Love interest of Rizal
9. Josephine Bracken
Description: an 18-year-old petite Irish girl, with bold
blue eyes, brown hair and a happy disposition.
Date they met: February 1895
Where they met: Dapitan
How it ended: Rizal regarded Josephine as her wife
until his last breath
TNX
