Test 1

Reading and Use of English

1 A falling short of B missing out on C cutting down on D running out of

READING AND USE OF ENGLISH (1 hour 15 minutes)
2 A episode B undertaking C occurrence D instance

Part 1 3 A plunged B tore C dashed D flung

For questions 1 - 8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. D ample
4 A sizeable B widespread C extensive
There is an example at the beginning (0).
Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.
5 A bring B put C take D mark
Example:
6 A capacity B density C consistency D frequency
0 A mainly B considerably C virtually D substantially
7 A disclosed B granted C declared D acknowledged
8
0 •
C
8 A bulk B volume C magnitude D expanse

Canoeist discovers unknown waterfall

We live in an age in which (0) ........ the entire planet has been documented and mapped.
Explorers seem to be (1) ........ wilderness to explore, so the discovery of unmapped waterfalls
in a developed country is a rare (2) ........ indeed.

Adam Shoalts was canoeing along the Again River in northern Canada when his boat (3) ........
twelve metres into swirling white water below. Despite the (4) ........ damage to his boat, Adam
was thrilled to have tumbled down an unknown waterfall. Now with financial backing from the
Royal Canadian Geographical Society (RCGS), he is planning to revisit the falls in order to plot
and measure them. His data will be used to (5) ........ maps of this remote area up to date. Its
remoteness is reflected in the fact that it has a population (6) ........ of fewer than one person
per 50 square kilometres. It is (7) ........ by the RCGS and Adam Shoalts himself that Adam's
discovery may not be of the (8) ........ of what past explorers found, but it shows that there's still
much to be discovered.

9
Test 1

Reading and Use of English

Part 2
For questions 9 - 16, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only
one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Part 3
Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. For questions 17 - 24, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the
Example:
0 1 I TI I \ I \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ I
1
S
lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.

The attraction of Ferris wheels

When did you last see a Ferris wheel? Sometimes called observation wheels, they're becoming
A summer clean for the mountains
fixtures in our cityscapes. It seems that any city that wants to ensure (0) ........ attractions are
on show to the world must have a beautifully designed Ferris wheel. (9) ........ these wheels are On a summer hike in some winter ski areas there is more (0) ........ of LIKE
usually intended to be temporary structures, more often than not they end (10) ........ staying for spotting drink cans and other litter discarded by skiers than mountain
a number of reasons, not least because they become so highly thought (11) ........ by residents flora and fauna. Huge quantities of rubbish are slowly (17) ........ as COVER
and visitors. the snow melts. Because much of the litter is non-biodegradable,
the amount is increasing. Plastic bags, bottles and cans, dropped
So why do cities want them? There's very (12) .. .. .... doubt that they create a novel focus,
by anonymous (18) ........ , are just some of the examples found on OFFENCE
but there are several other reasons. They may be used (13) ........ symbols of resurgence or
the mountain sides. It's hard to view the task of cleaning it up with
a modern complement to the usual historic attractions tourists visit. They're also cheaper and
anything other than (19) ........... . PESSIMIST
quicker to build than most other major landmarks. Finally, seeing the success they've (14) ........
in many places, cities may feel (15) ........ sense of competition and be driven (16) ........ build In an attempt to counter this, (20) ........ resorts are now appealing to NUMBER
bigger and better versions. skiers to return in the summer and participate in mountain-cleaning
days. These have been (21) ........ introduced at weekends, when SUCCEED
organisers can capitalise on the (22) ........ of mountain areas with POPULAR
hikers and mountain-bikers, who will boost the turnout.

These days are sociable and fun, (23) ........ those who take part to do ABLE
something worthwhile. In some cases, up to 5 kilograms of litter can
be gathered by each volunteer leaving the organisers with a ton
of rubbish to be prepared for (24) ........ . In return for their help, DISPOSE
litter-pickers are often treated to a barbecue at the end of the day.

10 ➔1a p. 11 s 1
➔ l�p.11sl 11
Test 1

Reading and Use of English

Part 4
For questions 25 - 30, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first 28 We never needed to show our train tickets during our journey.
sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three
and six words, including the word given. Here is an example (0). REQUIRED

Example: At no ........................................ show our train tickets during our journey.

0 James would only speak to the head of department alone.

29 The delegates arrived late for the conference because of the traffic jam.
ON
PREVENTED
James ............................................................ to the head of department alone.
The traffic jam ........................................ time for the conference.
The gap can be filled by the words 'insisted on speaking', so you write:

Example: I 0 I INSISTED ON SPEAKING 30 The manager admitted that debiting my account twice had been a mistake.

NOT
Write only the missing words IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.
The manager admitted that my account should ....................................... twice.

25 Even though it had started to rain, we decided to continue our tennis match.

WITH

We decided to go ........................................ the rain.

26 Jo loves living in the city and probably won't move.

UNLIKELY

It's ........................................ the city as she loves living there.

27 My brother never considered the option of taking a year out, until I did it.

MIND

The option of taking a year out never ........................................ , until I did it.

12

➔ 1 c., p. 11 s1 13
 Reading and Use of English
Test 2
1 A inform B tell C relate D say
READING AND USE OF ENGLISH (1 hour 15 minutes)
2 A meaning B implication C essence D function

Part 1 3 A boundary B restriction C condition D regulation

For questions 1 - 8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. 4 A amazement B concern C wonder D shock
There is an example at the beginning (0).
Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. 5 A over B after C against D to

Example: 6 A big B great C vast D large

0 A name B define C mention D appoint
7 A method B process C approach D procedure
B C
0 0 8 A horizon B distance C view D background

Public art

What is public art? If asked to (0) ........ a piece, many of us would call to mind a statue of a
rather stern-looking military man or a past ruler. But public art in cities shouldn't just celebrate
the past. It should (1) ........ something about contemporary society and add (2) ........ to our
cityscape.

Contemporary public art can be abstract, realistic or even a performance; there appears to
be no (3) .... .... on what artists can create, so is it any (4) ........ then that it can often cause
controversy? Some people take (5) ........ a piece because they don't understand the artist's
intentions while others enjoy the challenge of interacting with something new.

To a (6) ........ degree, every piece of public art is an interactive (7) ........ involving artist and
community. Placed in public sites, it's there for all to see and to react to. It can transform our
environment, heighten our awareness and question our assumptions. What it shouldn't do is
merge into the (8) ........ and become something that people can pass by without comment as
they go about their daily lives.

30

➔ 1'1 p. 1261 31
Test 2

Reading and Use of English

Part 2
For questions 9 - 16, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only
Part 3
one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.

0 II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
For questions 17 - 24, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the
lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Example: j I N T O Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.

Extreme sports

People who are (0) ........ extreme sports love the idea of a challenge. For some, it's escaping
Eating in space
the monotony of everyday life and the planning is more important than the actual sport, for
example organising the event in great detail, or raising money (9) ........ charity. But adrenaline, Over the years, space (0) .. . . . .. . has had a huge amount of EXPLORE
too, plays a big part, with many saying they need a physical buzz that they can't get from investment and involved many people. All of this has been
normal life. (17) ........ to society; without it we wouldn't have such devices as BENEFIT
mobile phones or satellite TV today. There have been countless
(10) ........ can be a misconception to believe these people are reckless; in fact, they are often
(18) ........ in many aspects of space travel but advances made to DEVELOP
the opposite of what we assume. They try their hardest not to leave things (11) ........ chance
food consumed in space have been (19) ........ slow. RELATE
and they don't do anything (12) ........ they're ready.

Most early suggestions for the (20) . . . ..... of food for astronauts PROVIDE
There's also a lot of creativity in the things extreme-sports people do. These sports often don't
were unacceptable, for example shredding their printed mission
have established rules; the participants have to work them out (13) ........ they go along. Crucial
instructions and sprinkling them with water enriched with vitamins.
to this (14) ........ a sense of trust in oneself and the environment, (15) ........ something that is
The freeze-dried foods they did initially consume would doubtlessly
necessarily encouraged nowadays. After all, we're living in a time (16) ........ health and safety
have been regarded as totally (21) ........ by those of us on Earth. EDIBLE
rules are dominant.

Today the (22) ........ of the International Space Station fortunately INHABIT
have a more appetising diet, since the larger spacecraft which is
now being used (23) ........ them to take tinned foods and flexible ABLE
pouches containing meat and vegetables. However, despite this,
their food still remains limited, due to the (24) ........ challenges GO
encountered with lack of gravity and the necessity for food to be
sterile.

32 ➔ I" p. 12a1
33
Test 2

Reading and Use of English

Part 4
For questions 25 - 30, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first 28 Peter suggested celebrating the team's success with a party.
sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three
and six words, including the word given. Here is an example (0). MADE

Example: It was Peter ........................................ celebrate the team's success with a party.

O James would only speak to the head of department alone.

29 I had difficulty in following his complex arguments.
ON
IT
James ............................................................ to the head of department alone.
I ........................................ his complex arguments.
The gap can be filled by the words 'insisted on speaking', so you write:

Example: I O I INSISTED ON SPEAKING 30 Considering his lack of experience, Joe's doing well.

INTO
Write only the missing words IN CAPITAL L ETTERS on the separate answer sheet.
If you take ........................................ very experienced, he's doing well.

25 Hannah usually buys takeaway food at the weekend.

HABIT

Hannah is ........................................ takeaway food at the weekend.

26 Unless more tickets are sold, the concert will be cancelled.

RESULT

Failure to sell more tickets for the concert ........................................ off.

27 'I don't want you driving at night,' Anne told John.

RATHER

Anne told John that she ........................................ at night.

34

➔ 1"1 p. 1261 35
 Reading and Use of English
Test 3
1 A case B issue C matter D instance
READING AND USE OF ENGLISH (1 hour 15 minutes)
2 A confirm B approve C assert D justify

Part 1 3 A vitally B completely C largely D totally

For questions 1 - 8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. 4 A Although B Despite C Owing D Since
There is an example at the beginning (0).
Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. 5 A overrated B overloaded C overdone D overrun
Example:
6 A Nevertheless B Thereby C Therefore D Provided
0 A place B convey C commit D bring
7 A obtain B consume C digest D acquire
8
0
C
• 8 A cancel B remove C delete D take

Technological gadgets and knowledge

Does having the internet mean we never need to (0) ........ anything to memory ever again?

The generation who have grown up with technology hope this is the (1) . ....... , not to
mention everyone else who feels the need to (2) ........ their habitual attachment to the latest
technological devices.

Some educationalists fear that access to information on the internet reduces the importance of
remembering facts. However, research shows that this is (3) ........ important. When we think,
we use working memory and long-term memory. (4) ........ our long-term memory can be
described as vast, our working memory is limited to very few items and is easily (5) ........ . By
transferring facts to our long-term memory we free up precious space in our working memory,
enabling us to manipulate and combine those facts with new ones. (6) ..... ... , memorising
some things aids understanding, as it creates a framework of known facts, needed to be able to
(7) ........ what we find on the internet.

Consequently, while technology may appear to (8) ........ the necessity to remember facts,
unfortunately, the world we live in is far more complex.

52

➔ 113 p. 1371 53
Test3

Reading and Use of English

Part 2
For questions 9 - 16, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only
Part 3
one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. For questions 17 - 24, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the

0 I I I rI I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Example:
N O Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.

Beekeeping at school

When a swarm of bees descended on a primary school one day, (0) ........ surprisingly there was
Dance stress away
panic among the teachers. (9) ........ , most of the children watched fascinated as a bee catcher
rounded (10) ........ the uninvited visitors. This unexpected event led to the school getting its Often considered the domain of just a few, ballet is (0) ........ finding INCREASE
own bee hive a year later and integrating beekeeping into the curriculum, all of (11) ........ has its way into our daily lives. People from all walks of life are now
resulted in notable benefits. appreciating just how (17) ........ ballet can be. WORTH

The children study the dance that the bees do to communicate where nectar (12) ........ to be The benefits of ballet have not gone (18) ........ in the business NOTICE
found and use honey in cooking lessons. They have even opened a school shop selling honey, world, with some companies offering ballet classes to their
with the pupils responsible for collecting and pricing it, as well as every other step of production. (19) ........ . It may not, at first, seem to be an obvious combination, EMPLOY
but the techniques used in classical ballet are regarded by some as
Interestingly, nobody anticipated the most significant benefit of (13) ........ of this: the effect bees
the perfect antidote to a stressful working environment.
seem to (14) ........ had on the pupils' behaviour. (15) ........ getting children to think of their
responsibility to others can often (16) ........ a challenge, making bees the focus has brought In today's corporate world, unhealthy posture resulting from being
about this behaviour effortlessly. hunched over a laptop, is not uncommon. This, added to stress
from dealing with tense situations, can increase the (20) ........ FREQUENT
of headaches and back pain. However, the (21) ........ , fluid GRACE
movements of ballet will counteract the physical (22) ........ of office ACTIVITY
workers as they stretch and evaluate their posture.

Regular ballet also has a myriad of mental benefits as its themed

exercises enhance memory and co-ordination. The overall result is:
a reduction in stress levels, enhanced (23) ........ , determination and ACCURATE
focus, not to mention a (24) ........ improved sense of well-being. DRAMA

54 ➔ 1'1 p. 1371

➔ 1'3 p. 1371 55
Test3

Reading and Use of English

Part 4
For questions 25 - 30, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first 28 Hannah was surprised to be offered a pay rise by the company.
sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three
and six words, including the word given. Here is an example (0). SURPRISE

Example: Much ........................................ her a pay rise.

0 James would only speak to the head of department alone.

29 Harry didn't realise how late it had got and missed his bus.
ON
TRACK
James ............................................................ to the head of department alone.
Harry didn't........................................ and missed his bus.
The gap can be filled by the words 'insisted on speaking', so you write:

Example: I IO INSISTED ON SPEAKING 30 Alec went out of his way to introduce himself to his new neighbours.

POINT
Write only the missing words IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.
Alec ........................................ himself to his new neighbours.

25 According to the film director, it was the quality of the photography that was most important.

MORE

For the film director, ........................................ than the quality of the photography.

26 The instructor told me that I would be evaluated in half an hour's time.

TAKE

The instructor told me that my ........................................ in half an hour's time.

27 Even though Sarah started badly, she went on to win the race.

WINNING

Sarah ended ........................................ of having started badly.

56

➔1'1 p. 1371 57
Test 4
Reading and Use of English

1 A utterly B absolutely C unbelievably D unreservedly

READING AND USE OF ENGLISH (1 hour 15 minutes)
2 A dart B rush C tear D race

Part 1 3 A trick B tactic C slant D style

For questions 1 - 8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. 4 A brings up B shows up C comes out D turns out
There is an example at the beginning (0).
Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. 5 A pile B squeeze C crowd D press
Example:
6 A set B class C kind D category
0 A substance B sense C meaning D logic
7 A chore B duty C task D trouble
•B C
0
8 A Cheerfully B Gladly C Happily D Optimistically

Menu psychology

Have you ever struggled to make (0) ............ of a vast restaurant menu? You're (1)
hungry, trying to exchange pleasantries with friends and sipping a drink while your eyes
(2) ........ about between the menu options. Will your (3) ........ be to go for something familiar
or something different? Will you end up staring jealously at everyone else's meals while forcing
yourself to eat your own misguided selection, as so often (4) ........ to be the case?

Why is it so hard to decide? We want choice, but menus (5) ........ in far more dishes than
most people want to have to choose from. A study suggests the optimum number of menu
items is between six and ten per (6) ........ (starters, main courses and desserts) depending on
the restaurant. Below this number, diners feel there's too little choice and above it, deciding
becomes too much of a (7) ........ .

So next time you eat out, choose the restaurant according to the number of items on the menu
and the dilemma of choice will be solved. (8) ........ , there's always the option of set menus or
tapas-style sharing plates; their popularity is on the increase, probably for the reasons above.

74

➔ I� p. 14sl 75
Test4

Reading and Use of English

Part 2
For questions 9 - 16, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only
Part 3
one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. For questions 17 - 24, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the

0I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Example:
A S Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.

Green basilisk lizards

Green basilisk lizards, also known (0) ........ plumed or double-crested lizards have an amazing
Lost land
ability to run on water. They are abundant (9) ........ the tropical rainforests of Central America,
(10) ........ they spend much of their time up trees and are never that (11) ........ from water. The idea of a lost but highly advanced (0) ........ has captured the CIVIL
imagination of people for centuries. Perhaps the most (17) ........ of COMPEL
When threatened, they can drop from a tree and sprint at (12) ........ speed of about 1.5 metres
these tales is the story of the lost island of Atlantis, which (18) ........ ORIGIN
per second across the surface of the water. To accomplish this, on their rear feet they have long
with the Greek philosopher, Plato, over 2,000 years ago. Plato wrote
toes (13) ........ folds of skin that spread out in the water to create a sort of paddle. (14) ........
of an island located in the Atlantic Ocean, the home of a noble and
they are able to maintain their speed, this fold of skin prevents them from sinking. Interestingly,
powerful race of people. Over time, however, the people became
they are born with the ability (15) ........ only to run on land and water but also to climb
corrupted. According to ancient mythology, when the Gods saw
and swim.
this, they decided to destroy the island and Atlantis sank beneath

Green basilisks are omnivores and survive (16) ........ a diet of plant material, fruit, insects and the waves.

small vertebrates, and are a common sight in the Central American forests.
These (19) ........ of Plato are the only known mention of Atlantis, WRITE
and the very idea of Atlantis has remained (20) ........ among CONTROVERSY
romantics and scholars. Today, people still (21) ........ about Atlantis FANTASY
and its possible (22) ........ , and it has been the subject of many EXIST
books and movies. There is a (23) ........ endless fascination for the SEEM
island. Maybe we all want this (24) ........ place to be real. MYSTERY

1a ➔ lap. 14al
➔ I� p. 14sJ 77
Test4

Reading and Use of English

Part 4
For questions 25 - 30, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first
28 Attendance at the lecture by Professor Turner is compulsory for all students.
sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three
and six words, including the word given. Here is an example (0). ATTEND
Example:
All students ........................................ lecture.
0 James would only speak to the head of department alone.

ON 29 Since the last Olympic Games, diving has become more popular.

James ............................................................ to the head of department alone. INCREASE

The gap can be filled by the words 'insisted on speaking', so you write:
There has ........................................ of diving since the last Olympic Games.
Example: I O I INSISTED ON SPEAKING

Write only the missing words IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.
30 If the athlete hadn't fallen twice, he would have won.

COUPLE

25 The film was difficult to follow, but it was enjoyable. But ........................................ , the athlete would have won.

DESPITE

The film was enjoyable ........................................ was difficult to follow.

26 Harry denied being responsible for the mistake, even though it was his fault.

ACCEPT

Despite it being his fault, Harry ........................................ the mistake.

27 Rob soon recovered from the shock of losing his job.

GET

It didn't ........................................ over the shock of losing his job.

78

➔ 1"1 p. 1481 79