Swachh Bharat

Basic sanitation in our society

Introduction

Sanitation is essential to children’s survival and development. It is

about more than just toilets, behaviors, facilities and services together
provide the hygienic environment children need to fight diseases and
grow up healthy. Studies says that 3.5 billion people still do not have
safe sanitation services, while 419 million people practice “open
defecation”. Basic sanitation is improved sanitation Facilities that
ensure hygienic separation of human excreta from human contact. The
state of sanitation remains a powerful indicator of the state of human
development in any community. Access to sanitation bestows benefits
at many levels. Sanitation refers to public health conditions related to
clean drinking water and treatment and disposal of human
excreta and sewage. Preventing human contact with feces is part of
sanitation, as is hand washing with soap. Sanitation systems aim to
protect human health by providing a clean environment that will stop
the transmission of disease, especially through the fecal–oral route.
For example, diarrhea, a main cause of malnutrition and stunted
growth in children, can be reduced through adequate sanitation. There
are many other diseases which are easily transmitted in communities
that have low levels of sanitation, such as cholera, hepatitis, polio and
many more. Sanitation can include personal sanitation and public
hygiene. Personal sanitation work can include handling menstrual
waste, cleaning household toilets, and managing household garbage.
Public sanitation work can involve garbage collection, transfer and
treatment (municipal solid waste management), cleaning drains,
streets, schools, trains, public spaces, community toilets and public
toilets, sewers, operating sewage treatment plants. etc. Workers who
provide these services for other people are called sanitation workers.
Poor sanitation continues to impact public health and restrict social
progress, particularly for women. Governments and donor
organisations prioritize measurement, education and innovation in a
bid to drive change. Although investments in sanitation can reduce
disease, increase family incomes, keep girls in school, help preserve the
environment, and enhance human dignity. Some 130m households
don’t have access to a toilet. This means that more than a billion people
defecate in the open, behind bushes, in fields or by
roadsides. One gram of faeces carries up to 1 million bacteria and 10
million viruses, so diseases can easily spread and it’s hard for health
workers to control outbreaks caused by contaminated water and
unhygienic food preparation. This particularly affects women and young
children. For a girl, lack of access to a clean, safe toilet, especially
during menstruation, can lead to absence from school and increases
the risk of harassment as many have to leave home in the cover of
night to relieve themselves. This has long-term impacts on their health,
education, livelihoods and safety, ultimately limiting the productivity of
half of the potential workforce and therefore impacting the economy.
Primary health care facilities, critical in responding to outbreaks of
diseases, such as cholera or Ebola, are frequently lacking in good
sanitation despite the fact that they are the first point of care,
especially for those in rural areas. Lack of basic water, sanitation and
hygiene facilities compromises the ability of health care workers to
carry out proper infection prevention and control measures, and
demonstrate safe practices to communities, both of which are
especially important in controlling and stopping outbreaks. most
Indians depended on on-site sanitation facilities which mean mainly pit
latrines in rural areas. The government has been investing heavily in
building sanitation units, in a nation-wide campaign called the Swachh
Bharat Mission. Between 2014 and 2020, the Indian government
managed to make household toilets accessible to over 99% of the
population. The dismal working conditions of sewer workers are
another concern. A survey of the working conditions of sewage workers
in Delhi showed that most of them suffer from chronic diseases,
respiratory problems, skin disorders, allergies, headaches and eye
infections. Various other cities in India have a record of unsafe drinking
water which is contaminated with too much chlorine and
pharmaceuticals which cause headache, short-term memory loss and
loss of focus. Basic sanitation is a fundamental right that every citizen of
this country deserves in order to lead a healthy and contamination free
life. It’s high time now that the government should take serious actions
regarding basic sanitation issues prevailing in the countryside. Facilities
like clean drinking water, proper and hygienic washrooms, proper
sewage systems, sufficient dustbins, effective waste disposal treatment
plants should be provided on the part of the government to people
facing such problems in their locality. Providing environmentally-safe
sanitation to millions of people is a significant challenge, especially in
the world’s second most populated country. The task is doubly difficult
in a country where the introduction of new technologies can challenge
people’s traditions and beliefs. Assistance is still not reaching large
numbers of the poorest of the poor. Successful models must be
replicated and scaled up to serve those who cannot provide for their
own needs under existing service delivery systems. With more than 450
million Indians living below the poverty line, only a few of the poor who
have inadequate sanitation can be assisted right away. Due to limited
resources, programs should target groups or locations lagging behind
the furthest. d. Investing in incremental improvements is an approach
that one could consider if affordability of sanitation investment is an
issue. Careful planning is required to ensure that investments do not
become wasteful and redundant. This may include people within
government ministries, state and local governments, and
nongovernment organizations. It also includes development agencies
like ADB, which have the ability to wield significant influence in the
sector.

Objective of basic sanitation

 Construct and Upgrade Water Sources: Develop new and upgrade

existing water sources, such as wells, boreholes, and water

treatment plants, to ensure a sustainable and sufficient supply of

clean water for the camp population.

 Expand Sanitation Facilities: Build and improve latrines, toilets, and

bathing areas, including gender-segregated facilities, to enhance

sanitation and hygiene conditions within the camps.

 Conduct Hygiene Education Programs: Organize regular training

sessions and workshops to educate refugees about proper hand

washing, waste disposal, and overall personal hygiene practices.

 Distribute Hygiene Kits: Provide refugees with essential hygiene

items such as soap, sanitary products, and cleaning supplies to

enable them to maintain clean living environments.

 Establish Wastewater Treatment Facilities: Set up systems for

treating and safely disposing of wastewater to prevent

contamination of water sources and the spread of waterborne

diseases.

 Implement Greater Reuse Systems: Develop mechanisms to recycle

and reuse treated greywater for non-potable purposes, reducing

strain on clean water resources.

 Involve Camp Residents in Planning: Engage refugees in the

planning and decision-making processes for water and sanitation

projects, considering their unique needs and preferences.

 Form Hygiene Committees: Establish committees within the camps

that include community representatives, responsible for overseeing

hygiene practices, maintenance of facilities, and dissemination of

information.

 Regular Assessments: Conduct routine assessments of water

quality, sanitation conditions, and hygiene practices to identify

areas for improvement and track progress.

 Data Collection and Analysis: Gather data on water usage,

sanitation habits, and health outcomes to inform evidence-based

decision-making and adapt strategies as needed.

 Collaborate with NGOs and Agencies: Partner with local and

international non-governmental organizations, as well as relevant

governmental agencies, to leverage expertise and resources for

comprehensive water and sanitation solutions.

 Seek Funding Opportunities: Identify and pursue funding sources

from governmental, non-governmental, and international

entities to ensure sustained investment in

improving water and sanitation infrastructure in

refugee camps.

 Infrastructure Development Design and construct additional water

supply points strategically located within the camps. Build gender-

sensitive sanitation facilities, including toilets and bathing areas,

taking cultural preferences into account. Install water treatment

systems to ensure the quality and safety of the water supply.

Implement appropriate waste management systems to maintain

cleanliness and prevent environmental degradation.

 Hygiene Promotion and Education Develop culturally sensitive

hygiene education materials and campaigns. Conduct workshops,

seminars, and awareness sessions on proper hygiene practices,

focusing on hand washing, waste disposal, and menstrual hygiene.

 Engage community leaders, women’s groups, and youth

associations to promote behavioral change and sustainable hygiene

habits.

 Capacity Building Train camp staff and volunteers in the operation

and maintenance of water and sanitation facilities. Provide technical

training on basic repairs and troubleshooting to ensure the

longevity of infrastructure. Foster a sense of ownership among the

camp residents by involving them in the maintenance process.

 Monitoring and Evaluation Establish a robust monitoring and

evaluation framework to assess the effectiveness of the project.

Regularly collect data on water quality, facility usage, and hygiene

practices. Analyze the data to measure progress and identify areas

for improvement.

 Collaboration and Partnerships Collaborate with local government

agencies, international organizations, and NGOs working in the

region to leverage resources and expertise .Share best practices and

 lessons learned with other camps and humanitarian projects. Seek

funding opportunities and support from international donors to

sustain the project’s impact.

 Community Engagement and Participation Establish a community

feedback mechanism to ensure that the project remains responsive

to the needs and preferences of the refugees. Organize community

meetings and consultations to gather input on project design and

implementation. Empower refugees to actively participate in

decision-making processes related to water and sanitation

initiatives.

 Advocacy and Policy Support Advocate for improved policies and

regulations related to water and sanitation in refugee contexts.

Engage with local and national authorities to prioritize the provision

of clean water and sanitation facilities for refugees. Raise awareness

among the broader public about the importance of addressing

water and sanitation challenges in refugee camps.

 Sustainability Planning Develop a long-term sustainability plan that

outlines how the water and sanitation facilities will be maintained

and operated beyond the project’s duration. Explore income-

generating opportunities within the camps to support maintenance

costs. Foster partnerships with local businesses or organizations

that can contribute to ongoing maintenance efforts.

 Reporting and Documentation Maintain thorough documentation

of project activities, including progress reports, lessons learned, and

success stories. Compile a final project report that highlights

achievements, challenges, and recommendations for future

projects. By implementing these activities, the project aims to

significantly enhance access to clean water and sanitation facilities,

improve hygiene practices, and create a healthier and more

dignified living environment for refugees in the camp.

 Reduction in waterborne diseases: Adequate access

to clean water and sanitation facilities can

 significantly reduce the incidence of waterborne

diseases like cholera, diarrhea, and typhoid.

 Improved personal hygiene: Access to clean water

and proper sanitation encourages better personal

hygiene practices, leading to a decrease in the

spread of infections.

 Lower child mortality rates: Clean water and

sanitation can lead to a decrease in child mortality

rates due to reduced exposure to waterborne

diseases.

 Safer childbirth: Clean water and proper sanitation

facilities contribute to safer and more hygienic

childbirth conditions, benefiting both mothers and

newborns.
 Increased school attendance: When children have

access to clean water and sanitation, they are more

likely to attend school regularly, as they are not

burdened by water collection tasks.

 Enhanced gender equality: Women and girls often

bear the responsibility of collecting water. Improved

access can alleviate this burden, allowing them to

pursue education and other opportunities.

 Restored dignity: Access to clean water and

sanitation facilities promotes a sense of dignity and

well-being among refugees, enhancing their overall

quality of life.

 Psychological well-being: Clean and safe sanitation

facilities contribute to improved mental health and

psychological well-being for individuals living in the

camps.
 Reduced contamination: Adequate sanitation

systems prevent contamination of water sources

and soil, benefiting both the refugee population and

the local environment.

 Improved waste management: Proper waste

disposal systems prevent pollution and contribute

to maintaining a cleaner environment.

 Community empowerment: Involving refugees in

the planning, construction, and management of

water and sanitation facilities fosters a sense of

ownership and empowerment.

 Resilience building: Improved water and sanitation

infrastructure enhances the camp’s resilience to

disasters and emergencies.

  Less strain on resources: Access to water and

sanitation facilities can reduce competition

between refugees and host communities for limited

resources.

 Improved relations: Sharing improved infrastructure

with host communities can promote cooperation

and positive relations between the two groups.

 Time and resource savings: Access to clean water

within the camp reduces the time spent on water

collection, allowing refugees to engage in income-

generating activities or education.

Challenges faced by sanitation

 Inadequate and poorly used resources Sanitation does not attract

a fraction of the resources needed to do the job. It is at least as

important for health as water supply, and is a far more

demanding problem yet sanitation receives far fewer resources.

Increasing resources are required just to maintain the status quo,

as urbanization and population growth make the hazards of poor

sanitation more acute. Where resources are availability , far too

much goes into hardware, and not enough into mobilization and

hygiene promotion.

 Inappropriate approaches Even where sanitation promotion is

attempted, the approach taken is often wrong. Attempts are

made to find simple universal solutions which fail by ignoring the

diversity of needs and contexts. Urban needs often differ from

rural needs, the technological options offered are limited and

inappropriate, and critical issues of behavior are ignored or

handled badly. The short-term is generally favored over the long-

term, and we fail to learn from collective experience.

 Sanitation also fails by being defined and applied too broadly or

too narrowly within a specific environment. In some cases, for

example, the scope of environmental protection and pollution

control becomes so broad that the focus on basic household

excreta management is lost. In other cases, a narrow focus and pit

latrine installation which ignores local drainage needs could

exacerbate disease transmission during floods. Short term

disaster relief fails to develop long term sustainable sanitation

because the approach doesn't include the transition as a goal.

Current approaches also stifle innovation and undermine

confidence we're so afraid of even more failure in this difficult

field that we don't take the risks required for success.

 Neglect of consumer preferences Too often, we try to sell what

people don't want and/or can't afford. Low-cost technologies are

often seen by consumers as low-status technologies, while many

"appropriate" technologies are far beyond the economic reach of

those most in need. Promoters try to sell sanitation facilities on

 health benefits, where people really want the privacy, comfort,

and status which sanitation can offer. Much hygiene promotion is

based on messages which ignore existing knowledge, belief, and

experience. Very simply, most of us promoting sanitation simply

don't listen to what people want or believe.

 Ineffective promotion and low public awareness People don't

want to talk or think about faeces, so selling the idea of sanitation

is difficult. Yet the engineers and doctors frequently responsible

for selling sanitation are often unaware of effective promotional

techniques, and continue with top-down approaches that alienate

"target populations" by denying their voice, desires, and

involvement in the process. Those in charge are not trained for

this job of promotion. Adoption of social marketing and

participatory approaches to sanitation is promising, but this is still

in its infancy; we have much to learn.

 Women and children last Women are potential agents of change

in hygiene education, and children are the most vulnerable

victims, but men usually make the decisions about whether to

tackle the problem, and how. Many sanitation programmes ignore

the disposal of children's faeces, even though these are a major

reservoir of disease pathogens. Women often need privacy and

security in sanitation more than men, yet are unable to express

these needs effectively in many societies. Those with the most at

stake thus have the weakest voice.

Solutions for sanitation

 Develop a comprehensive water and sanitation infrastructure plan

tailored to each refugee camp’s needs and capacities.
 Launch hygiene education campaigns that emphasize behavioral
change and engage community leaders as advocates.
 Pilot innovative technologies to assess their feasibility and impact
on water and sanitation provision.
 Establish a collaborative platform for stakeholders to share best
practices, resources, and knowledge.
 Create a monitoring framework to track progress, identify
challenges, and make necessary adjustments.
 Develop wells, boreholes, water treatment plants to ensure
supply of clean drinking water.
 Build improved latrines, toilets, and bathing areas with gender
segregation.
 Conduct workshops and training sessions to educate people
 Provide hygiene kits including soap, hand wash and sanitary
products for womens and teenager girls.
 Regular assessment is necessary to track areas which require
improvement.
 Conduct a comprehensive assessment of the current water and
sanitation situation in the refugee camps.
 Engage with key stakeholders, including camp residents, local
authorities, and NGOs, to gather insights and feedback.
 Analyze the data to identify specific gaps and challenges in access
to clean water and sanitation.
 Design and construct additional water supply points strategically
located within the camps.
 Build gender-sensitive sanitation facilities, including toilets and
bathing areas, taking cultural preferences into account.
 Install water treatment systems to ensure the quality and safety
of the water supply.
 Implement appropriate waste management systems to maintain
cleanliness and prevent environmental degradation.
 Develop culturally sensitive hygiene education materials and
campaigns.
 Conduct workshops, seminars, and awareness sessions on proper
hygiene practices, focusing on hand washing, waste disposal, and
menstrual hygiene.
 Engage community leaders, women’s groups, and youth
associations to promote behavioral change and sustainable
hygiene habits.
 Installation of Water storage tanks, Pipelines and distribution
network
 Latrine cleaning, Bathing facility and Waste disposal management
Data sources and methodology

Primary survey
Findings

The data of this primary survey conducted by my friend charu and me

indicated that 72.7% people have rated the condition of public toilets
and restrooms to be poor and the rest 27.3% have rated it to fair. This
shows us that the government Is still very far to reach the goal of clean
and hygienic toilets made available in every locality.

45.5% people which is almost the half have witnessed no sewage

problem or issue but 36.4% people are facing these issues rest18.2%
people are not aware of it. So sewage cleaning workers should be
appointed in such areas and the people should be made aware about
this facility and problem so that they can contribute to this by taking
significant action.

Public education campaign for proper waste management is considered

to be very effective, neutral and ineffective by 27.3% people and
effective by 18.7% people. Which means there are still some people
who think this to be a waste of time.

63.6% people have waste disposal associated area in their locality the
rest 27.3% people are away from this facility. There should be proper
and categorized dustbins for different kind of wastes in such locality.
Many people are dissatisfied with the no. of waste collection period in
their locality which means that the government has to work seriously
on this matter and assign government regulated trucks for waste
disposal in every locality daily.

Accessibility of public toilets have been given a green check by almost

50% of the people. But it is shocking that more than 30% people are
unaware about it.

On the no. of public toilets the results are shocking more than 80%
people have responded with no on the availability of public toilets in
their regions. It is very important to construct more and more public
toilets in order to ensure hygiene and sanitation.
Significance of the study

This study makes us aware about the current prevailing situations faced
by people living in different localities of the country. The need for
awareness on the parts of individuals on the issue of basic sanitation
facilities available to the citizens by the government. We come to know
that there is still a long way to reach success in the improvement of the
basic sanitation facility. The no. of public toilets and dustbins in
different areas is shocking . people’s reaction on waste and sewage
management is undesirable. Now it is high time that the individuals
should be aware and take actions so that the government works upon
this serious issue and harmful diseases can be prevented from
destroying the life of the poor .
Survey on the basis of my locality

1. How do you feel that the cleanliness in your local environment ?

a) Good b) OK c) Bad d) v.good

2. What kind of wastes do you find in your local environment ?

a) Human feces b) Animal feces c) stagnation of

wastes d) all of these

3. After cleaning the house, what will you do the waste materials?

a) Throw on the streets b) throw outside the house c) keep it in the

dust bin d) keep it in the garden

4. How many times in a week, the street dust bins are cleaned in the
streets?

a) Daily b)Weekly c) Twice in a week d) Alternate days

5. How the waste materials are collected ?

a)Both disposable and non-disposable waste materials are collected in

one dust bin

b) Different dust bins are used to collect disposable and non-disposable

wastes
c) No dust bin is available in the street

d) Waste materials are collected from the house

6.What kind of toilets in your family members use?

a) Public toilet b) Personal toilet c) Open toilet d) Sharing toilet

7. Where do you get drinking water for your house ?

a) Municipal tap b) Bore well c) Pond d) Well

8. What form of drinking water are you using?

a) Boiled water b) Filtered water c) RO Treated water d) Original

form

9. Where will you keep the water and cooked food?

a)Open environment b) Protected environment c)Semi protected

environment d) Either (b)or(c)

10. Which of the following diseases are spread by not maintaining

cleanliness and hygiene.

a) Cholera b) Hepatitis B c) Dengue d) All of these

Goal and the Research Issues

The goal of the Survey of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Conditions in

Schools is collecting the data about water, sanitation and hygiene
infrastructure in general educational Public Schools and the information
about the hygiene behavior and keeping hygiene rules amongst school
children.

The Survey findings and conclusions will be used for elaborating the
policy of improving the water, sanitation and hygiene conditions in
Public Schools, as well as resource distribution while decision making.

In the frame of the Survey the data was collected around the five key
issue. Below is given mentioned five issues:

Water:

 Water Supply Recourses and water safety

 Water quantity
 Access to water for vulnerable groups

Sanitation:

 Location and number of the toilet compartments.

 Distribution of the toilet compartments and accessibility in
gender perspective
 Access to toilets for vulnerable groups

Hygiene:

 Number of hand washing facilities and distribution

 Access to soap/toilet paper
 Hygiene teaching practices at school
Waste:

 Solid waste disposal

 Wastewater outflow

Management:

 Functionality of the Water Supply Facilities

 Functionality of the Sanitation facilities and cleanliness

The Survey used the stratified selection.

 Region

 Settlement type (town/village)

Target group No. of focus group Place of focus group

discussion
Boys 1 Central park
Girls 2 Rajendra place
Teachers 2 Near gurudwara

In several cases, the focus group discussions were held out of school
buildings, at the neutral places, which make it easier to select
respondents from different schools.

Main water source Town Village

Piped Water in school buildings 61% 15%
Piped water in schoolyard 20% 28%
Piped water (at neighbor) 1% 2%
Piped water (public use) 1% 5%
Bottled water 1% 6%
Conclusion

This survey concludes that the water availability after the advent of so
many technologies are still not up to expectations in villages as well as
the towns. The villages are at worst phase with only 15% water
available in the school that is piped, 28% in the school yard and 2 % in
the neighbourhood area that indicated that there is water scarcity
around the school. Total piped water available for childrens is only 50%.
whereas the same available in town is 83%.

Analysis
Poor sanitation puts children at risk of childhood diseases and
malnutrition that can impact their overall development, learning and, later
in life, economic opportunities. While some parts of the world have
improved access to sanitation, millions of children in poor and rural
areas have been left behind.

Lack of sanitation can be a barrier to individual prosperity and

sustainable development. When children, especially girls, cannot access
private and decent sanitation facilities in their schools and learning
environments, the right to education is threatened. As adults, wage
earners who miss work due to illness may find themselves in financial
peril. And when health systems become overwhelmed and productivity
levels fall, entire economies suffer.
Without basic sanitation services, people have no choice but to use
inadequate communal latrines or to practise open defecation, posing a
risk to health and livelihoods.

Even in communities with toilets, waste containment may not be

adequate. If they are difficult to clean or not designed or maintained to
safely contain, transport and treat excreta, for example, waste might
come into contact with people and the environment. These factors make
sustainable development nearly impossible.
 Suggestions
 Educate and raise awareness
 Implement Strong Waste Management Systems
 Encourage recycling and upcycling
 Implement Effective Composting Practices
 Cultivate Community Gardens
 Promote Clean Water Practices
 Eradicate Open Defecation
 Mobilize cleanup drives
 Engage in afforestation and green Incentives
 Forge collaboration with local stakeholders
 Continuously monitor and evaluate progress

Bibliography
For the successful completion of my project I have taken help from the
following websites, videos and many people including my friends, peers
and family members help me by sharing their opinions in the survey form
for better understanding of the project .

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanitation
 https://forms.gle/Haa7QvdZv7Kj1ei4A
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fXQDFhKFuTU

n and water supply are

essential for promoting public
health, supporting
economic development,
protecting the environment,
achieving sustainable
development goals,
and upholding basic human
rights.
Water, Sanitation & Hygiene
- Public Health at a Glance
Water, sanitation, and hygiene
(WASH) are critical
components of public health.
Here's a brief overview of
WASH and its
impact on public health:
1.Water: Access to clean
drinking water is essential for
maintaining public health.
Contaminated water can lead
to the spread of waterborne
diseases such as cholera,
typhoid fever, and diarrhea,
which can be fatal,
particularly for young
children and
vulnerable populations.
2.Sanitation: Proper sanitation
practices are essential for
preventing the spread of
diseases. The lack of proper
sanitation facilities, such as
toilets and hand washing
stations, can lead to the spread
of diseases such as hepatitis A,
cholera, and typhoid
fever.
3.Hygiene: Proper hygiene
practices, such as hand washing,
are critical for preventing
the spread of diseases. Hand
washing with soap and water
can reduce the transmission
of many diseases, including
respiratory infections and
diarrheal diseases.
The impact of WASH on public
health is significant. Lack of
access to clean water, proper
sanitation, and hygiene facilities
can lead to high rates of
morbidity and mortality,
particularly
among young children and
vulnerable populations.
Improving access to WASH
facilities and
promoting proper hygiene
practices can have a significant
impact on public health,
reducing
the incidence of waterborne and
communicate
Overall, sanitation and water
supply are essential for
promoting public health,
supporting
economic development,
protecting the environment,
achieving sustainable
development goals,
and upholding basic human
rights.
Water, Sanitation & Hygiene
- Public Health at a Glance
Water, sanitation, and hygiene
(WASH) are critical
components of public health.
Here's a brief overview of
WASH and its
impact on public health:
1.Water: Access to clean
drinking water is essential for
maintaining public health.
Contaminated water can lead
to the spread of waterborne
diseases such as cholera,
typhoid fever, and diarrhea,
which can be fatal,
particularly for young
children and
vulnerable populations.
2.Sanitation: Proper sanitation
practices are essential for
preventing the spread of
diseases. The lack of proper
sanitation facilities, such as
toilets and hand washing
stations, can lead to the spread
of diseases such as hepatitis A,
cholera, and typhoid
fever.
3.Hygiene: Proper hygiene
practices, such as hand washing,
are critical for preventing
the spread of diseases. Hand
washing with soap and water
can reduce the transmission
of many diseases, including
respiratory infections and
diarrheal diseases.
The impact of WASH on public
health is significant. Lack of
access to clean water, proper
sanitation, and hygiene facilities
can lead to high rates of
morbidity and mortality,
particularly
among young children and
vulnerable populations.
Improving access to WASH
facilities and
promoting proper hygiene
practices can have a significant
impact on public health,
reducing
the incidence of waterborne and
communicable diseases and
improving overall quality of