Minecraft is a 2011 sandbox game developed by Mojang Studios and originally
released in 2009. The game was created by Markus "Notch" Persson in the Java
programming language. Following several early private testing versions, it was
first made public in May 2009 before being fully released on November 18, 2011,
with Notch stepping down and Jens "Jeb" Bergensten taking over development.
Minecraft has become the best-selling video game in history, with over 300 million
copies sold and nearly 140 million monthly active players as of 2023. Over the
years following its release, it has been ported to several platforms, including PC,
mobile and various consoles.
In Minecraft, players explore a blocky, pixelated, procedurally generated, three-
dimensional world with virtually infinite terrain. Players can discover and extract
raw materials, craft tools and items, and build structures, earthworks, and
machines. Depending on their chosen game mode, players can fight hostile mobs, as
well as cooperate with or compete against other players in the same world. Game
modes include a survival mode (in which players must acquire resources to build in
the world and maintain health), creative mode (in which players have unlimited
resources and the ability to fly), spectator mode (in which players can fly, go
through blocks, and enter the bodies of other players and entities), adventure mode
(in which players have to survive without being able to build and place blocks),
and hardcore mode (in which the difficulty is set to Hard and dying causes the
player to lose their ability to play on that world). The game's large community
also offers a wide variety of user-generated content, such as modifications,
servers, skins, texture packs, and custom maps, which add new game mechanics and
possibilities.
Minecraft has received critical acclaim, winning several awards and being cited by
some as one of the greatest video games ever created; social media, parodies,
adaptations, merchandise, and the annual Minecon conventions played prominent roles
in popularizing the game. The game has also been used in educational environments
to teach chemistry, computer-aided design, and computer science. In 2014, Mojang
and the Minecraft intellectual property were purchased by Microsoft for US$2.5
billion. Several spin-offs have also been made, including Minicraft, Minecraft:
Story Mode, Minecraft Earth, Minecraft Dungeons, and Minecraft Legends. In
addition, a live-action film of the same name is scheduled for a theatrical release
in 2025.