CONFINED SPACE
ENTRY & RESCUE
Awareness Training
1 TABLE OF CONTENT
1 What is Confined Space
2 Examples of Confined Space
3 Hazards in Confined Space
4 Controlling Confined Space Hazards
5 Communication of Confined Space Hazards
6 Roles and Responsibilities of Workforce working in Confined Space
7 Emergency Response During Confined Space Emergency
2 What is Confined Space ?
A confined space is any space or structure that has limited or
restricted means of entry or exit, Large enough to allow worker
to enter and perform work and its not designed for human
occupancy.
3 Confined Space Entry
Entry also includes all periods of time
A Confined Space Entry (CSE) is when
when the confined space is occupied. For
anyone puts any part of their body
example, putting your head into a tank
through the opening of the space.
opening or manhole is an entry.
NeverEnter into a Confined Space Alone
4 Examples of Confined Spaces
1 Manholes 2 Pipelines 3 Storage Tanks 4 Vessels/Columns
5 Ventilation Duct 6 Sump Pit 7 Excavation/Trenches 8 Silos
5 Did You Know!
A space may become a confined space due to the work or due to a
change in the conditions inside. For example;
Asbestos work in Even a new tank
Spray painting in
an enclosed room can become a
an enclosed room
and sealed with confined space
can create a
plastic drapes can during the late
hazardous
create a hazardous stages of assembly
atmosphere.
atmosphere. on location.
CONFINED SPACES are deadly spaces PROVE the atmosphere first, to stay last
6 Hazards in Confined Space
Hazard is anything that has the potential to cause harm. Hazards in confined space can include following;
Atmospheric Engulfment Temperature Electrical Mechanical Noise Slips, trips and Poor lighting External
(Oxygen, H2S, (Pulled under extremes (Burns/Electroc (Crushing, (Inside/Outside falls activities (heavy
CO, Flammable the surface of (Hot/Cold) ution) shearing, activities) equipment,
Gasses) material) Cutting) exhaust fumes)
Confined Space Entry Can be Fatal – Always Follow All Confined Space Entry Protocols
7 Controlling Hazards in Confined Space (1/3)
1 2 3
All confined spaces activities must have All confined spaces must be gas tested
Confined space entry permit shall be
CSE plan including emergency response for Flammable, Toxic (H2S, CO) gases, as
issued before work begin.
plan. well as adequate Oxygen levels before
8 Controlling Hazards in Confined Space (2/3)
4 5 6
Monitor external activities it can bring Flammable and combustible materials Entrants must be protected from
hazards from outside such as dust, fumes, shall not be stored inside of a confined electrical shocks, all electrical
smoke etc. space. equipment’s including must be equipped
with GFCI/ELCB .
9 Controlling Hazards in Confined Space (3/3)
7 8 9
Use ventilation to improve atmosphere Only authorized personal can enter into a SCBA should be readily available during
conditions by supplying clean air into a confined spaces and record entry/Exit of the activity and rescuer should have
confined space or by exhausting all the entrants. hands on training to use SCBA.
contaminants
10 Maintaining Communication in Confined Space
Standby men must be provided with a suitable means of maintaining communication with entrants, the CSE supervisor and emergency
responders. Two way radio communication is the preferred method of communication. Where verbal communication is not possible, other means
of communication shall be used such as;
1 2 3 4 5
Portable Hand
Rope tugs Whistles Air horns
radios signals
11 Roles & Responsibilities
"Entry supervisor" means the person (such as a foreman, or crew chief) directs all aspects of the confined space entry.
Main responsibilities of CSES are;
• Reviews entry plan
Entry Supervisor
• Decides if conditions are acceptable for entry
• Making sure that PPE’s ERE are available & rescuers are trained and authorized to use it.
• Authorizes entry
• Supervises entry operations
• Stops entry if required
• Communicates plan with entrants and standby men
• Implementation of permits and plans.
• Ensures logs are completed
12 Roles & Responsibilities
A standby man is the worker who is responsible for monitoring the internal and external activities associated with work in and
around a confined space. He is generally stationed at entry points to the confined space near to where the work is taking place.
Stand By Man
This worker acts as the ‘eyes’ and ‘ears’ of the entrants in the confined space. Standby man responsibilities include;
• Reviews the entry plan and permits
• Understands possible hazards of confined spaces
• Maintains entry log
• Maintains two-way communication
• Notifies personnel in the event of an emergency
13 Roles & Responsibilities
A Confined Space Entrant is anyone who is trained to enter a confined space to perform work. This includes entering for light tasks
Confined Space Entrant
such as visual inspection or taking measurements.
An Entrants responsibilities include;
• Reviewing all permits
• Reviews the entry plan
• Checks work and site preparation
• Understands potential hazards in the confined space
• Trained on use of PPE
• Never enters until safety requirements are in place
• Clearly understands the work assignment
14 Stop Work
Anytime hazardous conditions develop or a CSE job becomes unsafe the work must be immediately stopped and the entrants ordered out of
the space.
1 Unsafe atmosphere.
2 Safety incident within the space.
3 Evacuation or an emergency outside of the space.
15 Emergency Response
CSE jobs require preparations for emergency response. The CSE plan must include a CSE rescue plan for entrants who become unable to
exit a confined space himself. The CSE Supervisor shall verify the following arrangements prior to approving the entry.
Rescue team and
Organization Team awareness Training and rescue
equipment
specific procedures and knowledge drills.
availability
Note. Never attempt a rescue unless you are trained and equipped.
16 Emergency Response
In the event of a confined space rescue, the confined space
atmosphere shall be considered to be Immediately Dangerous to Life
or Health (IDLH). Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) or
Supplied Air Breathing Apparatus (SABA) with an emergency escape
cylinder should be used by all rescue workers entering the space.
Standby man are not authorized to rescue, 60% of confined space
fatalities are standby men attempting to rescue an entrant, Standby
man job is to notify the emergency team.
17 Emergency Rescue Types - Self Rescue (1/2)
The entrant recognizes an unsafe critical condition or the symptoms and evacuate the space
without aid.
Below are some common examples that may require evacuation or self rescue.
Entrant recognizes the warning symptoms of exposure to a hazardous material, such as
1
dizziness, blurred vision, difficulty in breathing.
2 Continuous gas monitoring indicates a hazardous condition.
3 Gas monitor goes into alarm.
18 Emergency Rescue Types - Self Rescue (2/2)
An unsafe condition develops inside or outside the confined space.
4
5 Entrant displays abnormal behavior due to exposure to hazardous materials.
6 A change in the work environment, such as the temperature.
7 Hot conditions leading to a dangerous increase in workers body temperature.
8 Equipment critical to the entrants safety malfunctions or breaks down.
19 Emergency Rescue Types - No Entry Rescue
Non-entry rescue/retrieval involves attempting to remove an incapacitated worker
1
without having anyone else enter the confined space.
2 It allows a rescuer to attach a hoist line to the harness of a worker in a confined
space, without needing to enter themselves.
20 Emergency Rescue Types - Entry/internal Rescue
This involves more personnel entering a confined space to rescue a victim in an area
1
that may have contaminated atmosphere or other unseen hazards, entry rescues must
be carefully planned and implemented to avoid creating more victims in need of rescue.
2 Rescuer enter into confined space wearing (SCBA) self contained breathing apparatus.
3 Only trained and certified rescue teams may perform an entry/internal rescue.
