Damian WilliamsUnbelievable umbrella street art A colourful umbrella art installation floats above this promenade in Agueda, Portugal. It costs « shadow of geometric shapes on the ground below ond fils the streets with a foiry tale-like atmosphere. {As well as providing shade in the heat of summer it also brings uplifting energy and colour into a quiet street. Is there anything similar in your country or town?CONTENTS tires peered 1 Vocobulory 6 12 Grammar 8 61 Yocobuary 66 13 Reoding ond Vocabulary 9} | 62 Grammar 8 14 Grammar 10 | | 63. _—_Reading ond Vocabulary “ 15 Listening and Voesbulory 1 || 64 Gromer 70 14 Speaking 12 | 65 —_Ustening end Vocabulary n 17 Witing 13 || 66 Speaking 2 Solt-oesoseront || 67 Englshinuse 8 15 || 68 Sett-ossessment ™ 18 | | 69 _ Selt-check % | BBC Culture % 21 Verily ” 22 Grommar 20 21 Vocabulary 2.3 Reading ond Vocabulary n 22° Grammar 80 24 Grommar 2 73 Reading ond Vocabulary 8) 2.8 Ustening and Vocabulery 23 Grammar 82 26 Speaking 24 75 istesing ond Vocabulary 83 27 Engishinuse 8 78 Speaking 8 28 Seltassessment 2% 27° Writing 85 29° Salt-check 2 78 Selfossossment 86 BBC Culture 2 29 Sel-check 87 BBC Culture 88 ie 34 Grommar 34 8.3 Reoding ond Vocabulary 3 (35 Listening end Vocobulary FF 84 Grammar 4 37 Wilting 7 86 — Speaking % 42 Grommar Vocabulery 4.3 Reading and Vocabulary ‘Grammar 104 | 44° Grommor Reaefng and Vocabulary 105 45 Ustoning ond Vocabulary Grommar 106 46 Speaking Listening ond Vocabulary 107 47 Engishinuse Speoking 108 48° Solt-assessmont Wing 109 49 Sali-check Settassessment n0 aC Culture Solt-chock m ir Light yea Bee Ooi. = YYocabulory Grammer Exom timo 1 14 Reading and Voesbulory Exam ime 2 Ad Grammar Ezom time 3 ve | LUstening and Vocabulary ‘Self-checks answer key 126A new start at Belmont Academy VOCABULARY Relationships | School | Everyday technology | Holidays ond travel | ‘Means of trensport | Opinion adjectives GRAMMAR Present Simple | Wh- questions | ‘Adverbs of frequency | Comparatives ‘and superlatives | Present Continuous | Past Simple | Present Perfect Simple with forand since wean Relationships; School; Present Simple; Wh- questions; Adverbs of frequency; Comparatives and superlatives 1 Write the correct word for each definition. someone who studies with you in the same group ¢/assmate ‘a member of your farnily r your mother’s mother g your father’s (or mother's) brother u someone who lives near you n. Complete the dialogue with the words below. ahvoys do doesn't drives ge love sometimes studies walk where who Koy: Hi,.'m Kay. Do you 'go to this school? Jo: Yes, 1? Ima bit nervous because it’s my first day here. Kay: Oh, don't be nervous! | studying here, Everyone is really friendly. My older sister 4 here too, but she ® walk to school with me. Her boyfriend 6 herin his cor. Jor 7, do you live? Is it near here? Kay: Yes, itis. | usually ® to school, but I® ride my bike when | don't have much time. Jo: Oh, thet’snice. And !°_do you hong out with here? Kay: That's my group of friends over there. We " artive early so we can chat before class. Come on, introduce you. Choose the correct option. 1 Citizenship is my favourite subject at school. | like all 2 the science subjects. I've got exams at the end of the menth, so | need to revise / /earn, 3. Atthe end of the course there is a practical/ project exam 5 6 where you con show us what you know. Our schoo! has « new canteen / computer lab with twenty laptops. \'m glad we don't have to wear a uniform / prospectus at our school. like wearing my own clothes. Our schoo! has an interesting curriculum / project, with lots of different subjects to study. Choose the correct option. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Our school is the best / better / good school in the area. Sports lessons are most / more / the most interesting than Maths lessons. Physics exams are the worst / most / more difficult. The new computer lab is bigger / biggest / big than the old one. Ithas late / later / the latest technology. My new school is the most exciting / exciting | more exciting than my old schoolPresent Continuous; Everyday technology 1 Choose the correct option. Do you reading anything good at the moment? No, m not/ don't. 'm too busy with homework, What are you doing exactly / right now? Are you busy? Inot am doing / 'm not doing ‘cnything important. Do you need some help? What are you studying / study in History class this year? We lear / re learning about the American chil war. Are | Do you having good time? Yes, fantastic! ’m talking /'m ciways talking to lots of very interesting people. 2 Complete the sentences with the Present Continuous form of the verbs below. call enjoy have not look forward to study watch 1. Oh hi, Ben. I'm having lunch right now. Can | call you back? 2 What (you) on TV? It looks interesting. 3 Ed Maths closs because he hasn't done his homework, 4 We the Romans in History this month. 5 Where sounds noisy. 6 —____ (you) your new school? {you) from? it 3 Use a word from each list to make phrases. Match the phrases with the pictures. [[chot mete tet upload watch write blog avideo music videos parents pictures with friends FF LF make a video 5 4 Choose the correct option. 1. I'd like to@rit@/ upload a blog, but | just don't have enough time. 2. | prefer texting / reading e-books to traditional books because they're easier to carry cround. 3 How often do you watch / go online to check your email? 4 For homework, we have to write / film @ video of ourselves specking English. 5. How can | download / watch songs to listen to on my phone? 6 When you take photos, do you download / upload them to a website or just keep them for yourself? starter unit )Holidays and travel; Past Simple (regular and irregular verbs); Means of transport 1 Mark the photos T (means of transport), H (typeof 3. Complete the text with the Past Simple holiday), A (accommodation) or Ac (activity). Then form of the verbs in brackets. complete the words. am 1 [H] beach holiday 2 Last. summer we went (go) on holiday to the south of France. We® __ (stay) fon a campsite near the beach end we 4tle 8 {not do} much atall just sunbathing.|*__ (read) alot of books and it®_ tbe) vary relaxing. Talso® (make) 8 lot of fiends. n the evening we” __thave) pizza together and then © __ (dance! at @ local club, One night 1 (not come) home until very late and my parents asked me, Where 4 (you/go}? When I" (tel them, u they ® (aot be) happy, but it 2 Complete the crossword with the Past Simple form ‘was worth it! | hope we go there again of the verbs. next year. s[j a sQle "e 4 Match 1-6 with a-f to make sentences. 1 [By] Atwhat age can you drive 2 (1 I would love to fly 3 [] Hurry up! We need to catch 4) Myuncle taught me how to sail | 8] Canwe ride 6 b e eR] [1 Let's toke et the bus in ten minutes! @.car in your country? «bus to London - i's cheaper thon the train. Across Down G horse on the beach today? 3 make 6 leave 1 come 3 meet @ a helicopter one day. 4 60 7 hove 2 spend 5 read # yacht on holiday last yeer. G) sever eOpi 1 Look at the pictures. Order the letters and write the opinion adjectives. 4 eussior 5 maweoes_____ 6 isnoy 2 write the correct opinion adjective for each definition. 1 something which you don't see every day unusual 2. when something is the best it could be Pp t 3. something thatis very bad t 4 very good a 8 5 not bad but not very good a t 6 not interesting b 9 ion adjectives; Present Perfect Simple; for and since 3 Complete the sentences with for or since. 6 I've known Hannah since we were three years old. We've been at this school six months. Carla hasn't read a book —__ last February. I've had my dog _____ nearly ten years. They haven't watched a film at the cinema ages. haven't eaten anything breakfast. 4 Order the words to make sentences. studied / have / abroad / ever / you /? Have you ever studied abroad? yet / homework / Fiona / done / her / hosn't already / my perents / girlfriend / my / met / have the cat /has / fed / Mark/ yet /? camping / we / two / years / for / been / haven't Just / the programme / sterted / has 5 Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first one, using the words in brackets. Use no more than three words. 1 My family moved here in 2015. We live here now (has) My fomily has lived here since 2015. haven't been to China at any time in my life (never) I toChina. We are still waiting for the class to start. (yet) The class has a There has never been atime in my life when, I didn't like horror films. (always) 1 horror films. Al met Sue six months ago. They are friends now. (for) Alas known Sue Was there any time in your life when you had pet cat? (ever) Hove _____ epet eat? escent)VOCABULARY New experiences |.can talk about challenging new experiences and emotions. 1 @ Match the adjectives below with pictures 1-6. There are two extra adjectives. ‘afraid annoyed confused joyful miserable relaxed stressed surprised Out of your comfort zone VOCABULARY ‘Adjectives of emotion | Phrases wth yourself | New experiences | Personality adjectives GRAMMAR Present tenses | Post tenses confused READING True or flse: LISTENING Listening for specific detail SPEAKING Asking for and offering help WRITING ‘A cdescription BBG cuuure Would you cross a desert? 2 @@ How would you feel in each situation? Use the adjectives in Exercise 1 1 You think you do well in an exam but then you get a bad mark, confused You get a really good grade in on exam, You're lying on the beach on holiday. Your little brother breaks your phone. You have lots of homework to do and don't have much time. Your friend visits you and you weren't expecting it. Your pet dies. 8 You're watching a horror film.3 1 ® Choose the adjective that does NOT fit in ‘each sentence. 1 Heel when | walk alone in the street at night. @ uneasy (B) satisfied ¢ anxious 2. Anna wos when she failed the exam. relaxed —b afraid ¢ disappointed 3. The next time she took the exam, Anna was to pass it. @ determined b relaxed satisfied 4. After spending weeks on their school project, ‘Sue and Cameron were __ when they finished, «@ joyful b satisfied ¢ uneasy 5. People gave me lots of different advice about the exam, which mace me feel a stressed —b joyful confused 6 Jomes was really when he arrived at the station early and his train had already left. @ miserable b annoyed ¢ satisfied e Choose the correct option. 1 @akey get plans 2 boost / get a buzz out of something 3. boost / change your confidence 4 have / change your routine 5 give/ have an adventure 6 give / get something a. go 7. have / take something on board 8 say/ give an opinion @©@ Complete what the people are saying with the words below. ‘afraid boosted change determined disappointed get have made stressed uneasy This year hos been so boring, 'm determined to an adventure this summer. Some people up mountains, but Im abuzz out of wolking _ of heights! Gillicn __ plans for the party weeks ago, 30 she'll be really if we don't go. Nick felt____ when meeting new people, but then losing weight his confidence. I don't like it when Ihaveto __ my routine. Itmakesme feel 6 @ Order the letters and complete the words in the sentences. 1 Sometimes it's difficult to express yourself clearly in a foreign language. Gerpexs) 2 Whynot ¢___ yourself to try something new this week? (gellachen) 3 It’s important tok yourself and be realistic about what you can achieve. (wonk) 4 Ifyou want to do more exercise, you should m______ yourself wake up early and go to the gym. (keam) 5. Don't let miserable people damage your confidence. B___ yourself and you'll be fine! (eb) 6 Try something difficult for a change. You might s— yourself and enjoy it! (purssier) *® Complete the blog post with the words below. ‘antious ehellenged congratulate determined give make miserable routine satisfied take AU er EA EOE UT This month fam geting out of my comfort zone How? ‘ve ‘challenged myself to stop eating any meat or animal products for thirty days, im nt vegetarian, In fect, relly ike meat, but recently I read about the way many animals ae treated and it made me fee realy 2 Idecided to? this on board and * a vegan dat ago, Iimabit® about just eating vegetables and nus ll the time and fm worried about getting hungry, buttmS ___toe successful so fm going to? nyse do this forthe whole Uhity days! Ive just finished my frst day and | hod tots of frit for breakfast, and pasta with tomato sauce for lunch. Ivechanged my® __beeause| usually have only asl unc, The god news that et _ all afternoon and not hungry at al In the evening | hada saad with nuts A postive first ay, think so time to" myself Come back tomorrow to read about day 21foo TUS Present tenses 1 @ Match the verbs in bold in sentences 1-5 with funetions a-e. know the answer. (Chris is doing his homework. (2 Sara works in a hospital. (I'm working at a restaurant for the summer. 5 [1] School starts at 8 a.m. a atemporary situation b apresent action © d e Rone state verb routine ‘a permanent situation 2 @ Complete the sentences with the Present Continuous form of the verbs below. discuss leave oteome not have not lve rain think 1 We don't need to wait for Gary he isn’t coming with us. 2 Ohnolitt picnic now. 3 __ at home now. Builders are redecorating our house this month. 4 Cate____ about starting dance classes. 5 Ohnol Jlland Charles — again! 6 (you) already? You only got here «@ few minutes ago! 7 My brothers _ dinner with us tonight. They're at a summer camp. !We can't have a — politics © Complete the sentences with the Present ‘Simple or Present Continuous form of TWO of the verbs in brackets. 1 hear you ‘re earning to play the drums - is that right? (hear / learn / think) 2 usually for the school bus, but this morning! ___a lift from my da. Get / take / wait) 3 Mic usually towork, but today she ___ by train, (take / come / drive) 4 Quick, the film You the best part! (finish / miss / start) 5 |_____ my football coach becouse she always me to do my best. (encourage / give / lke) GB wins 4 @@ Find and correct the mistake can use different tenses to talk about the present. the sentences. One sentence is correct. 1. My aunt and uncle ere-heving two children. They'e eight and twelve have 2. | don't agree with the government's new educction policy. What are you thinking? 3. Please dont disturb me. 'm doing my homework. 4 We stay in « different hotel this year because the place we usually stay in is closed for the summer. 5 Don't ask Phil for the answer. He ist knowing. 6 Let's just sit down here. The game starts. Complete the message with the Present imple or Present Continuous form of the verbs below. close do enjoy have (x2) love notknow not work practise sell stay want Bie rkd caer as ecu Poser) eo creeds seu eae ence ce hes and the ather people here are ree ee lots of fun in the day, In the evening when the shop [ Perrin eee Die Meee agrees H my German too What Teer __(you) to come and visit me in Munich? tt would be great to see you again an eres‘ af) 4 READING and VOCABULARY Studying abroad can identify specific detail in an article and talk about studying abroad. 1 Read the text. Match people A-F with the topics 1-6 they talk about. (1) crossing the street 2] how people behove 3 (1) studying Challenging yourself abroad 4] moking friends 5 _| losing something important 6] contacting your family ‘Studying abroad is a big challenge for anyone to face and so it's natural ta feel amvious when yaire making plans. But that Cea ener eee ee ce ce ct? A Mikel From: Barcelona Studying in: London “Ty and learn something about the country before you go. Gf eautse you shout leem ‘the lenguage and the basics —money. phones, et butt really helps ifyou can find out about tha culture and the way peoale behave. You can find lots of information in books and on Websites. Take it on bard ar youl find it much easier to fit in B Tomasz From: Krakow Studying in: Pais Sean copies ofall your important cocuments before you eave — passport, visa, insurance ocunents, etc. Tve lost my passport tice and both times it wes @ nightmare. [ha fo spend days at the embassy ying to get new one and while you dort have it, you cant realy do anyting! © denice From: London Studying in: San Fran Lean the traffic ules! I yt ally stessed vihen fist care here because the crs drive nthe other sida ofthe reed. Toften got confused about where to look. Oh end jaywelkin’ erassng the stret in unauthorised place] is legal here end you have to pay an expensive fine if pice oficer sees you! co 2 Read the text again. Mark the sentences T (true), F (false) or DS (doesn't say), 10 to learn the language before you co. Maikel suggests using books ond websites 1 D Stephen From: Birmingham Studying in: Rio de Janeiro You shou defintely make friends withthe locals because i! hel you integrate, But Tve Learnt that its also OK to make frends who ae from yout cwn county It wll help you feel less homesick and less misorable Also, say yes’ to every opportunity, oven if you ‘eel abit uneasy at fist. Ifyou do, youll have an adventure and see places youve never seen before, And may never see agin! E Ozye From: Istanbul Study Keep aural. Moke yourself wite something everyday EE ven iis just a sentence oro about what youve dona ‘at day. In a fem years tin youl gt a buz out of racing about your time alnoad. And dat forget youre ete to sty. Meet new people and explore but remember to goto clas in the morning, ven ifs not compulsory, Once veuive studied, congratulate yoursel, then ao and have fun! F Metia From: Buenos Aires Studying in: New York (art forget your family back home. As soon as you ative, send them a message to say youve ative safely and give the all your contact details Its not ifcutto stay n touch, but its easy to forget in ll the excitement of naw place. Tt wil sto than feling anxious cbout you anit wl elsa make things ease for yeu. knowing the cones you love are easy to contact. 3 Find words or phrases in the text with the meanings below. the most important and necessary fects ‘about something the basics 2. 1 Tomasz didn't scan a copy of his passport. 2. avery bad situation 3 [1] It's against the law to cross the street 3. co punishment where you have to give anywhere you want in San Francisco. Money 4 [71 Stephen thinks you should only spend time 4 feel unhoppy becouse you ore a long way with local people. from home 5 [1 Sige thinks you shouldn't go to classes if 5 abook where you write things that happen you don't have to. to you each day 6 [] Maria says it’s easy to keep in contact with © youhave to doit —___ your family. 7 your phone number, home address, email address, etc. wi OYCT TNL ey Past tenses 1 @ Match questions 1-6 with answers a-f. 1 [e] What time did you get up this morning? What were you doing at 10 p.m. last night? Have you ever seen a lion in the wild? What did you do on holiday? Were you studying when the lights went out? Hove you done your English homework? No, Ihover't. But I'd lke to. Yes, Ihave. It took me hours! AtS.30 a.m! Yes, Iwas. Very little. l mostlyjust sat on the beach. Iwas watching o film. & ae aes) oO seancea 2 @ Choose the correct option. Then mark the sentences PS (Past Simple), PC (Past Continuous) or PP (Present Perfect). 1. Roshan has had /eaoce5 ©@ Complete the comments with the words below. bank bin change endangered factories liter oll recycling traffic transport Too many people throw amay bottles in the bin. They should take them to a bottle Using ‘as an energy source is one of the biggest causes of climate 3 Since the government improved public in this city, there are fewer Jams in the morning. 4 Ourcity needs more centres. often see people throw awoy bottles and cons os, Ss 5 Weter and land pollution from the in the area affects _ onimals, 6 @@ Choose the word or phrase that does NOT fit in each sentence. 1 Do you plastic bags at home? a recycle ©) pollute © throw away 2 Whot do people in your country do to the environment? @ recycle b protect © damage 3. The main aim of our green group is to protect the @ environment b ocean © rubbish 4. Personally, | don't do much to beaches. @ pollute b cleanup ¢ waste 5 My school _ alot of energy every month. © throws away b soves wastes 6 Every year there are more and more endangered —_ in the world. a plants b stations ¢ animals 7 We should do everything we can to save. water b pollution ¢ energy 7 @ Find and correct the wrong words in the sentences. 1 Let's toke these newspapers and magazines tothe recycling bank. centre 2. The local government has decided to clean out the local beaches. —__ 3. Throwing away plastic bogs and other litter protects the environment. —___ 4 listened to ¢ talk last night about climate energy - it's a huge problem. 5. The litter from these factories hos caused alot of air pollution, 6 Over 1,000 plants and cnimals in the USA are renewable. They may net exist in a few years. 8 @@@ Complete the blog post with one word in each gap. Baa estes Its difficult to undersiond why people don't want to protect he planet more. I's « really big problem and we are already seeing the effects of climate ? People sill drive their cars everywhere and refuse to use 2 transport. Traffic 4 which $___ the air cre common in big cities. And we ‘ way plostic bags ond aluminium cans, which we should ”__. We need to move to 100 percent ® ‘energy and siop depending on petrol and °___. We need to 10 up the oceans and the cit ‘And we need fo do it now or our children may not have a planet to live on.co PWN 1 @ Complete the sentences with the Past Perfect form of the verbs in brackets. 1 By the time she was twenty, Silvia had travelled (travel) all over the world. They were hungry because they __(not eat) their breakfast. (yourfinish) your homework before you went out last night? Five minutes into the film, realised |___(see) it before. (youltry) Mexican food before you went to that restaurant? James was satisfied when he changed class because he (not be) hoppy there fora long time, 2 @ Choose the correct option. We were very tired because we went Gea gond 0 bed lote the night before. Had you ever visited « 200 before you went / had been there last month? We waited / had waited in line for two hours when the ticket office finally opened. had already read / already read the book, so | knew how the film ended. When Katie finally passed / had passed her piano exam, she had taken it five times! When | got io class, | realised [forgot / had forgotten to bring my homework. We arrived / had arrived late at the z00 and it had already closed. My parents had already left for work when | got up / had got up this morning. G0) Unit 2 Past Perfect | can talk about past events using the Past Perfect. 3 @©@ Use the prompts to write sentences. 1. Angela /not study / English / before / she / visit / London ‘Angela hadn't studied English before she visited London, 2 by/time/I /finish / school yesterday / it/ get / dork outside 3 how long / you / have / your bike / when / somebody / steal / ns? 4 when / we / arrived / at the cinema / the film / already / start 5. I/Just / arrived / at the porty / when / it finish 6 Kayla /be/ tired / because / she / not sleep / well 7 Chiara / never / see / a volcano / before / she / go / to Indonesia: by/ time /1/ get up / my brother / eat / all the pancakes 4 @@@ Read the text. Choose the correct answers. People |___much when my parents were my age. Until abigrecycling centre? in theirtown, people? things: before. They # _ thrown away aluminium cans, bottles and plastic bags. There wasn't as much packaging and so it 5__ aig problem like itis today. The first time they & to the recycling centre, they” all the rubbish from home with them! They ® _ that not everything is recyclable! Nowadays it's much easier — there isa collection service ‘Which takes things from your house. But you still have to remember to put the bin out early. Yesterday |° and by the time | putit out, the truck !°_ 1@ didn'trecycle —b hadn'trecycled © recycled 2a hadopened —b didn'topen opened 3a didr'trecycle —b_recycled © hadn't recycled 4a had b were © used 5 a didn't b wasn't © hodn't 6 a had been b didn't go © went 7 @ takes b hadnittaken took 8 a realised b hadnttrealised ¢ had realised 9 a had forgotten b forgot © hadn't forgotten 10 a hadalreadyleft b alreadylet —¢ left1 2. Dy On crnr) VOCABULARY we The environment versus the law | can understand the main points and identify specific detail in an article. Match the phrases below with definitions 1-5, |= laws greenhouse-gases sign a petition take legal action win o court case 1 carbon dioxide and methane are examples of these greenhouse gases 2 add your name to a list of people who ore asking the government to do something 3 successfully challenge a person or organisation in court 4 rules that people and businesses must follow which protect the land, sea and cir 5 try to change ¢ situation using lawyers Read the article. Match headings a-e with paragraphs 1-4, There is one extra heading. ‘a Other ways the organisation helps b Victory for four green teens © Future plans d_ Why was the victory so important? @ The organisation thet supported them Read the article again, Choose the correct answers. 1. The Global Warming Solutions Act «@ tried to stop all greenhouse gases immedictely. b_ was rejected by the government in the 1990s. € tried to reduce greenhouse gases all over the USA. d_made a lot of people angry. 2. Why was this an importent win? ‘@_ It was the first victory against the state government since 2008, b Because it means the state must now clean up. the cir, © Because it means the state must now reduce energy costs, d_ Because it was the first court case about the environment. 3 Our Children’s Trust @ isc government organisation, b trains young people to become lawyers when theyre older. © educates and supports young people whe want to take legal action, d_ thinks not mony young people care about the ‘environment. 4 What de the people at Our Children's Trust believe? ‘a We can't weit any longer to save the environment, Children cause environmental problems. © No governments are toking any action. d_ The Global Warming Solutions Act isn't good ‘enough. Trust Teenagers against climate change Four teenagers inthe USA have recently won an important court case against the Massachusetts state {government to make them reduce greenhouse ¢gases. The 2008 Global Warming Solutions Act says thatall state governments must reduce greenhouse gases by 20 percent. In 2012, the ‘Massachusetts state government hadn't done anything and so hundreds of young people signed a petition, The Massachusetts state government still didn’t do anything, so the ‘teenagers took the state government to court ‘The teenagers lost their first court case, but last week another judge decided that the state government was wrong and it must now improve traffic and use more renewable energy, The teenagers were working with Our Children’s Trust, an organisation which uses legal action when local governments don't follow environmental laws. The organisation was started in Oregon in 2011 and they encourage and train young people toget involved in environmental change. ‘Our Children's Trust know that the biggest supporters of action against climate change are usually young people and so they wanted to help make their voices heard by governiments who were not doing enough. ‘The organisation believes that we must act against climate change urgently, so that the children of the future can have a clean and safe world tolive in. They are involved in lots of similar cases with other state governments atthe moment. They also make short films to educate people about the environmental problems we face in the world today. ‘The victory in Massachusetts was a huge success, not only for the state, but for young people in general, as ithas shown that young people really do have a voice. Governments cannot sit and do nothing anymore when people are polluting the air. unit 2 21GRAMMAR used to 1 @ Match 1-5 with a-e to make sentences. 1 [dl I didn't use to ike many vegetables, 2 [) Weusedto throw way all our rubbish, 3 F) We used to use a lot of oll for fuel in my country, 4 (1 Sara didn't use to work hard at school, (3 Paula used to throw away litter, but now she studies all the time. but now we use more renewable energy. but now she always puts it in the bin. but now I like most of them. but these days we recycle nearly everything. eaocea @ Order the words to make sentences. 1 used to / water / waste / we / a lot of We used to waste a lot of water. 2 recycle / plastic bags / Jamie / use to/ didn't 3 I/ use to/ worry / didn't / about / climate change 4 use/to/ where / live / you / did /? 5. throw / used to / my mum / away / paper 6 did / sing / use to / ina band / Ella /? @©@ Complete the sentences with the correct form of used to and the verbs below. [be live nothove not watch play trovel 1 Mydad used to play football for a club when he was younger, but now he doesn't do any sport at all 2 Where (you) before you moved to this street? 3 Mygrandporents TV when they were children, 4 We recycling centre in our town, so it was difficult to recycle onything. 5 We everywhere by car, but now we use public transport more. 6 ___(there) a lot of smoke in the air here before they closed the foctory? @) unit 2 5 @@@ Find and correct five mistakes | can talk about repeated past actions that no longer happen. 4 @@ Complete the second sentence so it has the same meaning as the first one. Use the correct form of used to. 1 When | was little, | played with toys every day. | used to play with toys every day. 2. My grandparents’ generattion didn't recycle rubbish, My grandparents’ generation — rubbish. 3. Did you play video games every day when you were younger? Did you_—_ younger? 4. When he was my age, my dad worked in a shop at the weekend. When he was my age, my dad ine shop at the weekend. 5 Myuncle lived on a boat when he was my age. My uncle my age. Recycling through the ages [Many people think that recycting i anew thing butin fact, humans used to reeyolethingsin 400 8.C.! Scientists recently used te-iseover that people in Turkey reused glass Later in 1081, the Japanese used to start recycling paper. Imntimes when people were poor, they ddr used to throw things ‘away. Just before the industrial revolution (1760-1830), people use to melt and recycle metals. But during the instal evolution, tings suddenly became cheaper and easier to make, so there was less recycling Nowadays we recycle because we know more about environmental problems. So while our grandparents used to recycled because they had to, we now recycle because we should. 6 Choose the correct option. 1A: Queh!/ Take care! Are you OK? 2A: Look at this place! there's rubbish everywhere. B: | know. I's a shame, really. / Take care. every day when you were in a house when he was the text.LISTENING and VOCABULARY Elections and campaigns | can identify specific details in short dialogues. 1 Complete the words in the sentences. 1 Every year we hove the chance to v o te for @ new class president. 2. Our group has decided we'd like too for environmental projects. 3 The government has decided to h____ on election this May. Jockie wonts to s u—tohelp clean the river bank at the weekend. 5 After seeing the pollution of the ocean on holiday, | decided to j ‘@. campaign to raise ‘awareness of the problem, ————an event at school to raise money * & Mydad advised me to b member of an environmental group if | want to do something to help the environment, 2 G 04 Listen to four dialogues. Choose the correct answers. 1 What did Tora do in the holidays? 2 What hos Tyler James done? 4 What does Paul think we need more of? 3 @ 04 Listen again. Mark the sentences T (true) or F (false). 1 FD Tare’s friend didn't know what o green camp wos. 2 [) Atgreen camp they learned about protecting animals and the environment. 3 () Tyler James has always been very ‘green’. 4) Kerry's dad thinks she did o good thing at school today. 5 [] Paul thinks public transport makes the air dirty.fi ; SPEAKING 1 Match 1-6 with a-f to make phrases. 1 [2] Moybe © sure about that. 2 F ttotally b don't agree. 3 [] Thot'snot you're right. 4 F tmnot agree. 5 [|] Ithinkthet'sa e great idea. 6 [] Really?! # always true. 2 Order the words to make phrases. 1 think/too/1/so [think so too. 2. should .../1/ we / think / don't 3. disagree / 1/ totally 4 that/say/again/ can/you/! 5. so/suppose/| 3 Write the phrases from Exercises 1 and 2 in the correct column. Agreeing Maybe you're right. Disagreeing Complete the dialogues with phrases a-c. Tyit out! Let's get started! You can say that again! A: That looks heavy. Would you mind helping me carry it? : We don't have much time left. Alright, alright! Give me a chance to get ready, then me can begin. : Goon. tke it You might (OK. Wow! It’s great! You were right! fe) Unit 2 Agreeing and disogreeing | can agree and disagree with other people's point of view. 5 G os Complete the dialogue with one word in each gap. Listen and check. Kayla: Don: Keyl: Don: Anne! Dan: Anne: Kayla: Anne: OK. Let's !get started. So what ideas do we hove for the class environmental project? Well, | thought we could orgonise ¢ garage sale to raise money for on environmental ‘organisation. Im not 2 cobout that. | think the idea is to do something that the whole class can get involved in, rather than just raise money for acharity. Yeah, maybe youre * 7 4 s0 too. | thought we could give © presentation on different ways to save energy at home. I don’t think we & limit ourselves like that. What about something where we toke direct action? Could we go and collect, plastic bags and aluminium cans, then recycle them? I think that & a great idea. Also, ony money we make, we can donate to an environmental organisation - like you wanted to, Dan. Itotelly ” be 0 great project. You can say that © ! ‘Yes, | think this is going toQuestion tags | can use question tags to check information. 1 Choose the correct option. 1. Your brother isn't very orgenise isn't he? 2 You're Josh, don't you/ aren't you? 3. They forgot to switch off the TV, did they / didn't they? 4 You'll help us, won't you / aren't you? 5. Philand Sue are going out with each other, aren't they / aren't we? 6 Chiare hasn't got a bike, hasnt she / has she? 2 Complete the sentences with question tags. Use the auxiliary verbs below. [con aidn't do have isn’t will 1 We can't recycle these, can we? 2. You don't like fish, 2 3. Jake end Will went to the cinema last night, 2 4. Uso won't want to help pick up liter, 5. Sorry, | haven't helped much, 2 6 Your dad is an environmental officer, 2 3 Complete the sentences with question tags. 1 This troffic jam is really bed, isn't it? 2 Weill waste a lot of water by taking baths, 2 3. Sara hasn't completed the survey, 2 4. They didn't use to work at the recycling centre, ? 5 You recycle all your plastic bags, 6 There were lots of people at the event, 4 Use the prompts to write sentences with question tags. 1 you/like / study / the environment / don't /? You like studying the environment, don't you? 2 you/ Suzanna / aren't /? 3. we/ recycle / this plostic / can /? 4 they /like / the film / clcn't 2 5 he/not remember / put out / the recycling bin / did /? 5 Choose the correct answers. Corla: It's this building here, '_? Mike: Um, yes - the one that says ‘recycling centre’. You can read,?_? Carlo: Ha, ha! Very funny. You're o real comedian, ? 7.0K. Here we are. You can take this box, 4? Mike: Sure. Oh, it's quite heavy, ® _?Don't worry though, I can manage. Carla: Um, these go in with paper, °_? Mike: That's right ~ just throw them in, Now where ate all the oluminium cans? You didn’t forget to bring them,” _? Corie: Oh no! Sorry. Ive got such a bad memory,® _? Mike: Ha! Dor't worry. I'l bring thems round loter, Actually, you come post here on your way to school, ?_? Carle: That's right. OK, I'll bring them here tomorrow, 1 @ isntit b isit © aren't they dre they 2 a don'tyou b doyou © canyou d can't you 3 a doyou b areyou © aren't you didn't you 4 canyou b can't you © doyou d did you 5 a isit b isn'tit © canit aren't they 6 a don't they b dothey © cantthey arent they 7 a didyou b don't you ¢ didn't you d doyou 8 a don't! b have! © got! haven't | 9 don't you b doyou © come you won't you Unit 2 fs)SSRN For each learning objective, tick (/) the box that best matches your abi @@ = | understand and can help « friend. @® = | understand but have some questions. | understand and can do it by myself. @®@ =! do not understand. ©0! © | ® e&®@ Need help? Nowe try ‘Students’ Book pp. 22-23 Vocabulary | Wlrtoook pp. 1819 & 1-2, p.27 Students’ Book p. 24 Grammar | workbook p26 &3,p.27 ‘Students’ Book p. 25 2S ees ll ml Workbook p. 21 | Students’ Book p. 26 24 Grammar | tf Workbook p22 &4,p.27 Students’ Book p. 27 25. Ustening Workbook p28 Students’ Book p. 28 26 Speaking Worbook p 24 &6p.27 Students’ Book p. 29 27 English in use erbook p28 &5,p.27 2.1 _ Ican talk about pollution and the environment. 2.2. |.can talk about past events using the Past Perfect, 2.3 I.can understand the main points and identify specific detail in an article. 2.4 can telk about repeated post actions that no longer happen. 2.5 _ | can identify specific detoils in short dialogues. 2.6 can ogre and disagree with other people's point of view. 2.7 can use question tags to check information, What can you remember from this u New words I learned Expressions and phrases Iliked English I heard or read (the words you most want to (any expressions or phrases you think outside class remember from this unit) sound nice, useful or funny) (eg. rom websites, books, ‘adverts ims, music) Ge) Unit 2eee 1 Complete the words in the sentences. 1 Local residents have complcined about plans to build o new f in the areo. 2 After the fire, there was a lot of thick s__ in the air. 3. This new green car will p asec environment less than traditional petrol cars. 4. There wos very little rain this summer, which d lots of plants in the area. 5 Thisisomodemp_____s _ where they also sell green fuels for cors. 2 Choose a word from A and a word from B to complete the sentences. A B climate endangered animals away public renewable change energy throw tuansport 1 I can't believe how much stuff people! We need to recycle as much as we can. 2 The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) is an organisation which works to protect 3 Many scientists now agree that _is the biggest problem in the world today. 4. My parents use every day to go to work ‘and I ride my bike to school 5. Coste Rica used 99 percent 3 Complete the text with the Past Perfect form of the verbs below. in 2016. [be collect do drop getup organise sign up at __atripto the park (n Sunday evening I was very tired because I> five that mornin! My frends ? tociean up the ttter and 13 for it. When we got there, we relied there 4 a huge party there the night before because it as an absolute mess! We couldn't believe what those people to our park. They 5 __ hundreds of aluminium cans on the ground and there were plastc bags everywhere. By the time we finishes, we?__over fifty bags of rubbish 4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of used to and the verbs in brackets. vt (play) video games all the time when | was young, but | don't have time now. 2 Selly — (not lve) here, 3. James and Anna (recycle) clot less thon they do now. 4k ~ (Hannch/go) to school by bus? B: Yes, she ‘ 5 We (not have) a recycling centre in our town. oA (Luke/be) a member of the Clean Up Our Town campaign? B: No, he 5 5 Use the prompts to write sentences with pt question tags. 1 you/ net like / tea / you/? 2. plastic bags / pollute / the ocean / they / ? 3. they / not used to recycle / they /? 4 we / forgot /to switch off the lights / we / ? 5. climate change / be /« big problem / it /? 6 the government / will not / do enough / they /? Peete 6 Complete the dialogues with one word in each gap. 1A: I don't think climate change is real, 21 disagree! This environmental project is brilicant, You can that again! | don't think this is going to work, Really? I don't | think our idea is going to work. Yes, | suppose 5 A: | think everyone ean do more to protect the environment. B: I'm not so ‘about that,elelcRet et tse When will the lights go out? 1 Match 1-6 with a-f to make phrases from the text. 1 [fl renewable a chenge 2 |) carbon dioxide b resources 3 LJ climate ¢ turbines 4 [7] netural d_ emissions 5 LJ wind e leader 6) world f energy Complete the sentences with the phrases from Exercise 1. 1. Solar and wind power are renewable energy. 2 They don't produce which damage the environment. 3. The UKisthe forms. 4 is a result of the increase in CO, in the atmosphere. 5 include our water and cir, and we shouldn't destray them. 6 ‘are new part of the landscape in many countries. in offshore wind Complete the sentences with the Past Perfect or used to form of the verbs in brackets. 1 Britain's electricity used to come (come) from coal and natural gs. 2 There (not be) offshore wind turbines in the UK until recently, 3a (not understand) the importance of wind power before reading this text. 4. Before they developed wind power, the British (depend) on nuclear power stations. 5. Before 2005, the UK not open) any wind power farms ~ now they are everywhere. Choose the correct option. 1 We don't think about electricity when we light on the kettle in the morning. 2. We take it for given / granted that we will ‘always have electricity. 3. Unfortunately, we are moving towards © power supply / crisis. 4. The National Grid is powered / controlled by twenty-five people. 5. 300 power stations create our precise / precious electricity. 6 High voltage cables / kettles send energy to cour homes. Gs) Unit 2 5 Complete the text with the verbs below. J close generate moot reach supply At the moment the National Grid can 'meet the demands of Britain's users. Nuclear power stations ? allot of electricity, but these stotions will soon > the end of their lives. To make a reduction in CO; emissions, the UK government has to hit ambitious targets. To do this, they need to* most coal power stations. The secret is to © UK homes with renewable energy. 6 Order the words to make sentences. 1 pumping / out / showers / hot water / are ‘Showers are pumping out hot water. 2 inthe country / at / all the electricity / the National Grid / is controlled 3. uses / Britain / of electricity / in winter, / fifty gigawatts 4 tomeet / have / might not / enough electricity / all our needs / the National Grid 7 Match sentences 1-4 from Exercise 6 with photos A-D from the video.% 8 Read the video script. Underline any words or phrases you don't know and find their meaning in your dictionary. Part 1: A power crisis Every time we switch on a kettle to make some tec or turn on the heating, we expect our electricity supply to work, We take it for granted that it wil ight our houses, cook our food, run our businesses and keep us alive. Butin our lifetimes, this electricity supply could run out. We ore quickly moving towards a power crisis. The nightmare scenario is if our demand for electricity can no longer be met by our ability to supply it, then the lights go out. In today’s programme, we're investigating this very real problem. We're here at the National Grid to find out how they are dealing ith our increasing demand for energy. Breakfast time in Britain. The toasters are on, the kettles ore boiling ‘and showers are pumping out hot water. All this requires electricity ‘and all the electricity in the country is controlled here by this team Of twenty-five people. This is the Nationcl Grid Control Centre Up there on that board you've got every single power station in the Country ond the demand at this precise moment, ‘Over three hundred power stations across the country turn coal, ‘gas, nuclear and wind into precious electricity. And it's the job of these guys to send that electricity from where i's made to where we need it ~ down thousands of miles of high voltage cable, across the country and direety into our homes. And on this particular old winter morning, the demand for electricity is very high, nearly doubling in just ninety minutes! Part 2: The future of our power supply In winter, Britain uses on average fifty gigawatts of electricity ~ that's fifty billion watts! The National Grid meets that demand using seven gigawatts from nine nuclear power stations. Coal power stations generate around twenty-five gigawatts, gas power stations make ¢ little more and renewables, including wind, provide around ten gigawatts, Another six gigawatts comes from abroad or other sources. ‘At the moment, the grid has more than enough power to supply all ‘our needs but over the next ten or twenty years that will change. The government have set ambitious carbon reduction targets, at least thirty-four percent fewer carbon emissions by 2020. To hit that torget we have to close almost all our coal power stations and as ur nuclear stations reach the end of their lives, almost all will need tobe switched off too. So, within ten years the team at the National Grid might net have ‘enough electricity to meet all our needs. We might not be able to boil the kettle for tea! And that could be catastrophic, at least for the British!