UNIT 5/a

1 Complete the sentences with the missing phrasal verbs. Use the definitions in brackets to help
you.
0 Our group is made up (consists) of a number of experts who are passionate about the environment. 1 If
temperatures continue to rise, many types of plants will ___________________ (disappear) in the near
future. 2 Storms usually __________________ (disturb) the ocean water so much that a lot of rubbish
washes onto the beaches. 3 If you _________________________ (meet) with a dangerous animal in the
wild, you should not approach or frighten it. 4 I’m amazed that you are able to ____________
_______________ (not wake up) such a violent storm. It was extremely loud! 5 I’m afraid a lot of our
food will _____________ ________ (become rotten) if we don’t use it soon.
2 Complete the sentences with the missing words. The first letters are given.
0 We landed our boat on a remote island and decided to camp there for a few days. 1 The
t_____________ is a very important organ for elephants. It's a combination of the nose and the upper lip.
2 We've rented a small house for the weekend. It's in the middle of nowhere but it's got an Internet
connection and r_____________ water. 3 A s_____________ panel on the roof is broken. I need to phone
the company and ask them to replace it. 4 Be careful, the ocean c_____________ is very strong and it
could pull you under the water. 5 Lions usually catch their p_____________ by hunting in groups.
3 Complete the sentences with a, an, the or –.
0 Like most boys, I wanted to be a firefighter when I was a child. 1 Vatican City is _____ smallest
country in the world – it's just 0.44 square kilometres. 2 Everyone hopes that the company will present
_____ innovative gadget at its annual conference. 3 Scientists predict that there will be even more natural
disasters in _____ 21st century. 4 I think that _____ people living near the coast know how to protect
their houses from the waves. 5 Liam wants to discuss an urgent issue with me, but he hasn't told me what
_____ issue is.
4 Complete the sentences with relative pronouns.
0 We were all surprised when John, who had never been interested in the environment, suddenly decided
to become a Greenpeace activist. 1 The price of kale, ___________ is a vegetable similar to wild
cabbage, has doubled over the last couple of years. 2 I've just watched a documentary about the Amazon
by Zack Firth, ___________ was a good friend of mine at secondary school. 3 You can get to the island
by ferry in about ten minutes, ___________ is very convenient both for tourists and for the local
population. 4 My neighbour, ___________ great-grandfather was a tribal chief, is keen to learn more
about Native Americans. 5 A national newspaper has just chosen Solihull, ___________ I grew up, as the
best place to live.

3 Read the text. For questions 1-5, choose the correct answer, A, B, C or D
Pollution in many of the world’s cities is becoming a major health problem. One of the worst affected is
Beijing, the capital of China. Air quality was dangerously low on fifty-eight days last year. The winter
months are especially bad. This is the time of year when more coal is burned to heat people’s homes.
There is also less wind to blow the smog away. At this time of year, pollution levels are sometimes
twenty times higher than the WHO (World Health Organization) considers safe. This causes illnesses and
on the worst days old people and children are advised to stay indoors. Visibility is sometimes so bad that
motorways have to close because of the danger of accidents.
In early 2014, some newspapers and websites showed a frightening vision of the future. On a smoggy
morning, residents of Beijing watched the sunrise. However, as the real one was hidden, they had to do
this on giant TV screens. The smog was so thick that the real sunrise was completely invisible. While this
might seem shocking, the film of the sunrise was nothing unusual. The screens show adverts all the time.
The one that the people were watching that morning was for a holiday company. The same advert is
shown quite often, whatever the weather. Either the photographer was lucky or he knew exactly how the
image would look and waited until he got the photo he wanted. Although the news reporting was
inaccurate, it might have done something to raise awareness of how bad the problem has become.
Politicians, too, have finally decided that something must be done to reduce pollution levels. The first
idea is to reduce the amount of coal that people use. Factories will also be moved to areas further away
from cities. Another target is older, more polluting cars. The worst offenders will be banned. In their
place, greener and cleaner forms of transport will be encouraged. Will these changes help? The Chinese
know from experience that it is possible to improve air quality very quickly if necessary. Before the 2008
Olympic Games, pollution in Beijing was reduced greatly. As well as reducing traffic levels and closing
factories, other methods to reduce pollution were used. These included pouring water onto roads to reduce
the amount of dust flying in the air. To help with this, scientists were even able to make clouds drop more
rain. Since then, things have got worse rather than better but, at last, the government seems to be
determined to do something about the problem. For the people of Beijing and other large cities this will
make a huge difference to their lives.

1 Winter in Beijing A can be a particularly dangerous time for drivers. B sees very strong winds. C has pollution levels
twenty times worse than the rest of China. D has at least fifty-eight days of dangerous levels of

air pollution.

2 In Beijing, people were photographed watching the sunrise on TV screens because. A the advert is regularly shown
around the city. B it’s better than the real sunrise. C it’s traditional to watch the sunrise in Beijing. D they were employed by
a photographer.

3 The photograph A shows how people plan holidays in Beijing. B made many politicians change their minds about

reducing air pollution. C is an accurate representation of life in Beijing. D has been sold for a lot of money.

4 What does the government plan to do to reduce

pollution levels? A Increase the number of cycle lanes in the city B Stop people from using coal to heat their houses

C Build new, greener factories to replace the old Ones D Remove the most polluting cars from the roads

5 The 2008 Beijing Olympic Games made people realise that A dust on the roads is the biggest problem. B the air quality
has got a lot better. C it is possible to reduce air pollution in the city. D scientists regularly control the amount of rain falling.
UNIT5/b

1 Complete the sentences with the missing phrasal verbs. Use the definitions in brackets to help you. 0
Our group is made up (consists) of a number of experts who are passionate about the environment. 1
Experts expect global warming to __________ ________ (warm) the earth by several degrees in the next
fifty years. 2 When I heard the bird call I knew I had to _________________ (stretch my arm to get) my
binoculars and try to see them. 3 If we wait a little while, we can see the tide begin to
_________________ (rise). 4 I went back to ___________________ (look carefully around) the
campsite, but I couldn’t find my watch. 5 If they continue to cut down the forests, many types of animals
will ____________ (disappear completely) in the near future.
2 Complete the sentences with the missing words. The first letters are given.
0 We landed our boat on a remote island and decided to camp there for a few days. 1 All of our lamps
have low-energy b_____________, so we spend quite a bit less on electricity. 2 Elephants usually live in
a group of ten to twenty animals which is called a h_____________. 3 Be careful, the ocean
c_____________ is very strong and it could pull you under the water. 4 It’s dangerous to hike on that
mountain. There is a big risk of a bear e_____________. 5 When we stood on the mountain
p_____________, we could see for miles in every direction
3 Complete the sentences with a, an, the or –.
0 Like most boys, I wanted to be a firefighter when I was a child. 1 I'm going to ask you just one
question. If you manage to answer _____ question correctly, you'll pass the exam. 2 Is it true that people
in _____ Middle Ages didn't take baths and that it led to the spread of many diseases? 3 The first
European expedition reached _____ Australia in 1606. 4 I'd like to know if the African elephant is _____
endangered species. 5 Many people complain that _____ public transport is getting more and more
expensive every year.
4 Complete the sentences with relative pronouns.
0 We were all surprised when John, who had never been interested in the environment, suddenly decided
to become a Greenpeace activist. 1 If you have any questions about the well-being of your pet, you can
ask Ben Brown, _______ will be our guest next week. 2 The company has just decided to expand its
headquarters, _______ will take some two years to complete. 3 The Devil's Mouth, _______ two big
rivers meet, is a beautiful place and a good spot for a short walk. 4 It has just turned out that professor
Wellington, _______ theories have often been ignored, is right after all. 5 Most people in Bhutan,
_______ is a very small country in the Himalayas, are Buddhist.

5 Read the text. For questions 1-5, choose the correct answer, A, B, C or D.
MISSING SUN Pollution in many of the world’s cities is becoming a major health problem. One of the
worst affected is Beijing, the capital of China. Air quality was dangerously low on fifty-eight days last
year. The winter months are especially bad. This is the time of year when more coal is burned to heat
people’s homes. There is also less wind to blow the smog away. At this time of year, pollution levels are
sometimes twenty times higher than the WHO (World Health Organization) considers safe. This causes
illnesses and on the worst days old people and children are advised to stay indoors. Visibility is
sometimes so bad that motorways have to close because ofthe danger of accidents.
In early 2014, some newspapers and websites showed a frightening vision of the future. On a smoggy
morning, residents of Beijing watched the sunrise. However, as the real one was hidden, they had to do
this on giant TV screens. The smog was so thick that the real sunrise was completely invisible. While this
might seem shocking, the film of the sunrise was nothing unusual. The screens show adverts all the time.
The one that the people were watching that morning was for a holiday company. The same advert is
shown quite often, whatever the weather. Either the photographer was lucky or he knew exactly how the
image would look and waited until he got the photo he wanted. Although the news reporting was
inaccurate, it might have done something to raise awareness of how bad the problem has become.
Politicians, too, have finally decided that something must be done to reduce pollution levels. The first
idea is to reduce the amount of coal that people use. Factories will also be moved to areas further away
from cities. Another target is older, more polluting cars. The worst offenders will be banned. In their
place, greener and cleaner forms of transport will be encouraged. Will these changes help? The Chinese
know from experience that it is possible to improve air quality very quickly if necessary. Before the 2008
Olympic Games, pollution in Beijing was reduced greatly. As well as reducing traffic levels and closing
factories, other methods to reduce pollution were used. These included pouring water onto roads to reduce
the amount of dust flying in the air. To help with this, scientists were even able to make clouds drop more
rain. Since then, things have got worse rather than better but, at last, the government seems to be
determined to do something about the problem. For the people of Beijing and other large cities this will
make a huge difference to their lives.

1 Winter in Beijing A is very windy. B can affect driving and road safety. C has on average 58 days of
dangerous levels of air pollution. D has pollution levels twenty times worse than the rest of China.
2 In Beijing, people were photographed watching the sunrise on TV screens because A it’s better
than the real sunrise. B they were posing for a photographer. C it’s popular to watch the sunrise in
Beijing. D it’s in an advert that is shown regularly around the city.
3 The photograph A shows how people plan holidays in Beijing. B wasn’t carefully planned by the
photographer. C has had a positive impact on politicians. D has been sold for a lot of money.
4 What does the government plan to do to reduce pollution levels? A Build new factories to replace
the old ones B Remove the most polluting cars from the roads C Ban people from burning coal during
winter D Make the city safer for cyclists
5 Since the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games A people realise there are ways to reduce air pollution. B air
quality has got a lot better. C scientists have been controlling the amount of rain falling. D the biggest
problem has been dust on the roads

6. In your English class you have been talking about pollution in cities. Now your teacher has asked
you to write an essay titled ‘Should private cars be banned from city centres?’. Write your essay using all
the notes and give reasons for your point of view.
SHOULD PRIVATE CARS BE BANNED FROM CITY CENTRES?
Notes: • the harmful effects of pollution • alternatives to private cars • _____________ (your own idea) •
Include arguments ‘for’ and ‘against’ in separate paragraphs. • Give examples to support your arguments.
• End the essay with your conclusion.