UNIT 7: POLLUTION

GRAMMAR
1. Conditional sentences type 1
Câu điều kiện loại I
Câu điều kiện loại 1 được dùng để diễn tả điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại
hoặc tương lai.
Cấu trúc:
If + S + Vs/es, S + will + V

Nói cách khác, ở câu điều kiện loại 1, mệnh đề IF dùng thì hiện tại đơn,
mệnh đề chính dùng thì tương lai đơn.
Ví dụ:
If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
Nếu bạn học chăm chỉ, bạn sẽ vượt qua kì thi.
If it is cool, I will go fishing.
Nếu trời mát, tôi sẽ đi câu cá.
2. Conditional sentences type 2
Câu điều kiện loại II được dùng để diễn tả điều không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại
hoặc tương lai.
Cấu trúc:
If + S + Ved, S + would + V

Chú
ý: câu điều kiện loại 2, ở mệnh đề “IF”, động từ “to be”
Trong
chuyển thành “were” cho tất cả các ngôi.
Ví dụ:
If I were a bird, I would be very happy.
Nếu tôi là một con chim, tôl sẽ rất hạnh phúc.
If I had a million USD, I would buy that house.
Nếu tôi có một triệu đô la, tôi sẽ mua căn nhà đó.
Tóm tắt 2 loại câu điều kiện:
 Type Forms Usage
1 lf + S + V(s, es), S + will/ can/ Điều có thể xảy ra ở
shall... hiện tại ở tương lai
2 If + S + V2/ Ved, S + would/ could/ Điều không thể xảy ra
should... + V ở hiện tại ở tương lai
Exercise 5: Put the verbs in brackets: Conditional sentence type I or type II. (1)
1. If you come with me, I (do) ............................ the shopping with you.
2. Jimmy (help) ............................ his mother in the garden if she reads him a
story this evening.
3. If it (ran) ............................, I will stay at home.
4. Our teacher will be happy if we (learn) ............................ the poem by
heart.
5. If they had enough money, they (buy) ............................ a new car.
6. We (pass) ............................ the exam if we studied harder.
7. If Pat (repair) ............................ his bike, he could go on a bicycle tour with
us.
8. She would get 100 pounds if she (sell) ............................ this old shelf.
9. If I were you, I (invite) ............................ Jack to the party.
10. If the weather (be) ............................ fine, the children can walk to school.
Exercise 6: Put the verbs in brackets: Conditional sentence type I or type II. (2)
1. If Tracy had a mobile phone, she (phone) ............................ all her friends.
2. I will be very angry with Nick if he (forget) ............................ my CD again.
3. If the boys win this match, their coach (invite) ............................ them to a
barbecue.
4. If you (not/ read) ............................ these articles, you will not know the
facts about Africa.
5. You (get) ............................ very wet if you walked in this rain.
6. The engine (not/ start) ............................ if Ben connected these two
cables.
7. If he (have) ............................ time, he will buy her some sweets.
8. Maria would play in the school orchestra if she (practice) ............................
the trumpet more often.
9. We (not/ fetch) ............................ something to drink if Jim does not bring
some sandwiches.
10. If he (carry) ............................ the rucksack, I would pull the suitcase.
Exercise 8: Choose the correct answers. (2)
1. If I had enough money, I ................. abroad to improve my English.
A. will go B. would go
C. should go D. should have go to
2. The bench would collapse if they ................. on it.
A. stood B. stand C. standing D. stands
3. If it ................. convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight.
A. be B. is C. was D. were
4. If you ................. time, please write to me.
A. have B. had C. have had D. has
5. I shouldn’t go there at night if I ................. you.
A. am B. was C. be D. were
6. If I ................. get a pole, I will go fishing.
A. can B. could C. may D. might
7. If you had the chance, ................. you go fishing?
A. did B. may C. would D. do
8. If you a................. choice, which country would you visit?
A. have B. had C. have had D. will have
9. She will accept the offer ................. you persuade her.
A. unless B. because C. provided that D. otherwise
10. ................. he would accompany you on the piano.
A. Supposing he were here B. Because he were here
C. Were he here D. Both A and C
Exercise 9: Choose the incorrect part. (1)
1. If we meet at 9:30, we would have plenty of time.
A B C D
2. If you find a skeleton in the cellar, not to mention it to anyone.
A B C D
3. If you passes your examination, we will have a celebration.
A B C D
4. Lisa would find the milk if she look for it in the fridge.
A B C D
5. What would happen if I press this button?
A B C D
6. The door will be unlock if you press the green button.
A B C D
7. If you go to Paris, where you will stay?
A B C D
8. If you swim in this lake, you’ll shiver of cold.
A B C D
9. If someone offered to buy you one of those rings, which you would you
choosing?
A B C D
10. The flight may to be cancelled if the fog gets thick.
A B C D
Exercise 10: Choose the incorrect part. (2)
1. If the milkman conies, tell him to be leave two pints.
A B C D
2. I will call the office if I were you.
A B C D
3. Someone will sits on your glasses if you leave them there.
A B C D
4. You would hear my explanation if you did not talked so much.
A B C D
5. Which will I do if I hear the burglar alarm?
A B C D
6. I would repair the roof myself if I have a long ladder, but I don’t have.
A B C D
7. Unless they turn that radio off, I will going mad.
A B C D
8. If you were made redundantly, what would you do?
A B C D
9. We’ll have a long way to walking if we run out of petrol here.
A B C D
10.If you spoke louderly, your classmates would understand you.
A B C D
A. PHONETICES
I)-Write the words from the box in the correct part of the table, according to
the stress pattern.

❶PRONUNCIATION
Stress in words ending in –ic and –al (Trọng âm của từ có đuôi –ic và đuôi –al)
- Các từ có đuôi –ic luôn có trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết ngay trước nó.
Word ending in -ic Transcription
artistic /ɑːˈtɪstɪk/
elastic /ɪˈlæstɪk/
electronic /ɪˌlekˈtrɒnɪk/
specific /spəˈsɪfɪk/
scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/
– Các từ có đuôi –al không thay đổi trọng âm so với từ gốc .

scenic economic terrific Arabic kinetic linguistic sonic supersonic statistic

cosmetic aerobic symbolic

fantastic systematic phonetic emphatic sympatheti automatic

c

historic comic heroic specific scientific mechanic

republic romantic microscopi magic fabric oceanic

c
 arithmetic traffic elastic ceramic aquatic geographic energetic

botanical classical typical logical numerical political tropical vertical

practical critical mythical

Oo ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Ooo ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
oOo ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
oOoo
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
ooOo
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
II)-Complete the sentences with the words in the box. Then practise saying
them aloud.

aquatic heroic historical specific medical psychological dramatic

chemicals
1. The Nhue River’s water has turned black with the ____________
discharged from factories.
2. The fascinating sky view offers us cultural and _____________ values.
3. People from “cancer villages” should go for _____________ examination.
4. Serious levels of water pollution poison _______________ life.
 5. Billboards should only be allowed to hang at roadside for a
______________ period time.
6. At the higher levels, noise pollution may lead to physical and
_____________ damage.
7. The programme had a/an ______________ effect on the environment.
8. The volunteers made a/an ______________ fight against pollution of the
beach.
9. Question V. Find the word which has different stress pattern from the
others.
1. A. artistic B. historic C. dramatic D. scientific
2. A. medical B. national C. chemical D. historical
3. A. athletic B. dramatic C. scientific D. heroic
4. A. medical B. hospital C. politic D. electric
C.
5. A. chemical B. physical D. medical
environmental

B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

I)-Match each type of pollution with its definition, writing the answer in each
blank.

Answer Types of pollution Definitions

_______ 1. Air pollution A. the increase of temperature caused by human
activity

_______ 2. Land pollution B. the contamination of

any body of water, such as lakes,
groundwater, oceans, etc.
_______ 3. Light pollution C. the contamination of air by smoke and harmful
gases

_______ 4. Noise pollution D. the release of

unwanted radioactive material into the
environment
_______ 5. Thermal E. the brightening of the night sky preventing us from
pollution seeing stars by improper lighting of communities. _______ 6.
Visual pollution F. the destruction of the earth’s surface caused by the misuse
of resources and improper dumping of waste
_______ 7. Water pollution G. anything unattractive
or visually damaging to the nearby landscape
_______ 8. Radioactive H. any loud sounds that are either harmful or
annoying pollution to humans and animals
II)-Complete the sentences, using the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. The soil becomes _______________ because of the use of so many
pesticides and fertilizers. (contaminate)
2. _______________ waste spills can contaminate groundwater. (industry)
3. In many developing countries, water pollution is usually a leading cause of
________________. (die)
4. ____________ elements have been found in both ground and
underground water sources. (pollute)
5. Fish and many other animals are killed by ______________ in their
habitat.
(pollute)
6. Astronomers are concerned about light pollution because they have
__________ in viewing activities in the sky and outer space. (difficult)
III)-Rewrite the sentences, using the words in brackets. You can make some
changes.
1. There are asthma, allergies and other respiratory illnesses when air
pollution happens. (leads to)
_____________________________________________________________
___
_____________________________________________________________
___
2. Aquatic life suffers or dies because there is thermal pollution. (because of)
_____________________________________________________________
___
 3. Water in the Cau River becomes brown and has terrible smell because the
waste water is released from the paper mill in Thai Nguyen City. (so)
_____________________________________________________________
___
_____________________________________________________________
___
_____________________________________________________________
___
4. People use too much herbicide to treat weeds, so water in rivers, canals,
lakes are extremely polluted and has bad effects on people’s health.
(because)
_____________________________________________________________
___
_____________________________________________________________
___
5. Many fish in the river die due to the increased temperature of water.
(because)
_____________________________________________________________
___
_____________________________________________________________
___
6. Because plastic bags take so long to decompose, nearly all of them still
exist in the environment today. (so)
______________________________________________________________
__
_____________________________________________________________
___ IV)-People are worried about the greenhouse effect. Makes sentences in
Conditional sentences type 1 with “If…, … will…”, using the cues given
the earth gets warmer

the sea gets warmer

the ice at the North and South Poles melts
 
the sea level rises

there are floods in many parts of the world

many people lose their homes
1. If the earth gets warmer, the sea will get warmer.
2. If the sea gets warmer,
3. _____________________________________________________________
____ 4.

_____________________________________________________________
____
5.
______________________________________________________________
___ V)-Combine each pair of sentences, using conditional sentences type 1.
1. A person looks at the sky at night. He is not able to see the Milky Way by
naked eye.
_______________________________________________________________
__
___________________________________________________________
______ 2. Noise pollution happens regularly. It causes stress or nuisance.
_______________________________________________________________
__
_______________________________________________________________
__
3. Water pollution gets more serious in the future. It affects the development
of economy and society.
_____________________________________________________________
____
_____________________________________________________________
____
 4. Australia has invested in water in Viet Nam with good results. Half of the
population in the rural areas has access to fresh water.
_____________________________________________________________
____
___________________________________________________________
______ 5. You use compact light bulbs. You save a lot of energy.
_____________________________________________________________
____
___________________________________________________________
______ 6. We have more space. We plant more trees.
_____________________________________________________________
____ VI)-Answer the questions, using conditional sentences type 2.
1. What would you do if you had a garden of your own?
__________________________________________________________
______ 2. If you had one wish, what would it be?
__________________________________________________________
______ 3. What would you do if you won €1 million?
_____________________________________________________________
___
4. What would you do to make our school ground greener if you were the
principal?
__________________________________________________________
______ 5. What would you do if you were the Earth Hour Goodwill
Ambassador?
_____________________________________________________________
___
C. SPEAKING
I)-Complete the conversation with the phrases in the table.

to stop them By the way into the river

to do about it That’s terrible!

Mai: You know, there’s a factory outside our town that’s pumping chemicals
(1)__________________
Nick: How can they do that? Isn’t that against the law?
Mai: Yes, it is. But a lot of companies ignore those laws.
Nick: (2)_______________. What can we do now?
Mai: Well, one thing (3)_____________ is to talk to the management.
Nick: What if that doesn’t work?
Mai: Well, then another way (4)___________ is to get a TV station to run a story
on it.
Nick: Yes! Companies hate bad publicity. (5)_________, what’s the name of this
company?
Mai: It’s called Apex Industries.
Nick: Oh, no. It was in the news last month.
Notes:
- ignore (v) = to pay attention to somebody/ something (không để ý đến, lờ đi)
- bad publicity = notice that is harmful (tiếng xấu)
II)-Rearrange the sentences in order to make a meaningful conversation,
writing the number (1-8) in each blank. The first (0) has been done for you.
0 Mai: Our group will give a presentation about visual pollution. It’s new to
me. Do you know what is it, Phong?
_______ A. Phong: Yes, maybe. Because billboards, litter, or junkyards can
also be considered visual pollution.
_______ B. Mai: I hate seeing a man throw an empty cigarette package
from a motorbike or a car. He should be given a fine.
_______ C. Mai: Oh, I see. Can you give some examples of it, Phong?
_______ D. Phong: That’s right. There are rules, or regulations that apply
punishment to anyone that makes the surroundings ugly. I dislike seeing too
many billboards along the streets. How about you, Mai?
_______ E. Mai: Can we see visual pollution when we walk along the streets?
_______ F. Phong: Well, visual pollution is anything that makes our
neighbourhood unattractive or unpleasant, Mai.
_______ G. Mai: All of us should try to protect the beautiful sight
around us. We must have laws or regulations to protect out pretty landscape.
_______ H. Phong: Yeah, for example, skyscrapers or high buildings that
block a natural view, graffiti or carving on trees or rocks.
D. READING
I)-Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space
in the following passage.
Light pollution is not (1)______________ serious as water or air
pollution. (2)_____________, it is the type of pollution that
(3)______________ more in cities than in rural areas. In the past, we could sit
out at night and (4)____________ at glittering stars in the sky and light from
objects in the out space. Nowadays, cities are covered with lights from
buildings, streets, advertising displays, many of which direct the lights up into
the sky and into many unwanted places. The real problem is that it is very
(5)_______________ to apply light to almost everything at night. Millions of
tons of oil and coal (6)____________ to produce the power to light the sky.
Eye strain,
(7)___________ of vision and stress are what people may get from light
pollution. (8)___________ light at night can harm our eyes and also harm the
hormones that help us to see things properly.
1. A. more B. as C. much D. only
2. A. Moreover B. However C. Therefore D. Nevertheless
3. A. happen B. occur C. occurs D. is occurred
4. A. watch B. see C. spend D. gaze
5. A. waste B. wastes C. wasting D. wasteful
6. A. used B. using C. is used D. are used
7. A. use B. lost C. loss D. losing
8. A. Very much B. Too much C. Too many D. So many
II)-Read the passage, and do the tasks that follow.
 There are many causes that lead to water pollution. One main cause of
this issue is waste water coming from many factories and then being directly
pulled out into water bodies, especially into rivers or seas without any
treatment because this is the most convenient way of disposing waste water.
Industrial waste consists of some kind of chemical substance such as sulphur,
which is harmful for marine life. Lead is known as the main reason for cancer
disease. Cancer has become a popular disease in several communes which is
called “cancer villages. Another cause is the awareness of citizens, people
always use water for many purposes and then they dump waste water or
garbage directly into rivers, canal, and ponds and so on. In 2004, because of
bird fly outbreak in Vietnam, people threw poultry to water body that made
water highly polluted.
Task 1: Match a word in column A with its definition in column B, writing the
answer in each blank.
Answer A B
______ 1. convenient J. birds, like hens, ducks, geese… that are kept for
(adj) eggs and meat.
______ 2. marine (adj) K. knowledge

______ 3. awareness (n) L. connected with the sea

______ 4. outbreak (n) M. suitable or practical for a particular purpose

______ 5. poultry (n) N. the sudden beginning of something unpleasant

Task 2: Read the passage again, and then decide whether the statements are
true (T) or false (F).

6. Waste water from many factories which is dumped into water 

bodies directly causes water pollution.
7. Dumping waste directly into water is the most convenient way 
of disposing waste water.
8. Sulphur is believed the main reason for cancer.  
 9. Cancer villages occurred in 2004.  

10. Due to lack of awareness, people poisoned water with dead 

poultry when there was bird flu outbreak in 2004.
III)-Read the passage, and do the tasks that follow.
Space Pollution
The launch of Sputnik I and Yuri Gagarin, the first human being in space,
marked the beginning of space exploration and the beginning of a new and
unfamiliar type of pollution.
Satellites, solar panels, rocket bodies and fragments from space shuttles
that are floating in space and are no longer functional are considered space
debris. This pollution of man-made objects in space affects us here on Earth as
well and will continue to affect us in future travel. In 1978, the Soviet Union
Kosmos 954, which contained a nuclear power source, reentered over Canada
and left debris over an area the size of Austria. In 1969, five Japanese sailors
were injured by pieces of space debris that hit their ship. The largest piece,
weighing one thousand pounds, landed in Australia in 1979.
Many solutions are being considered by scientists and engineers.
However, the challenge to finding a solution lies within all of the nations which
take part in the space exploration.
Task 1: Match a word in column A with its definition in column B, writing the
answer in each blank.
Answer A B
______ 1. shuttle A. broken pieces of something larger

______ 2. functional B. made by people

______ 3. debris C. a vehicle in which people travel into space and pack
again
______ 4. man-made D. a way of finding an answer to a problem

______ 5. solution E. working; being used

Task 2: Read the passages again, and answer the questions.

6. What are some examples of space pollution?
_____________________________________________________________
___
__________________________________________________________
______ 7. What are the effects of space pollution?
_____________________________________________________________
___
__________________________________________________________
______ 8. What did Kosmos 954 cause to Canada?
__________________________________________________________
______ 9. Why were Japanese sailor injured in 1969?
_____________________________________________________________
___
10. Is it easy for all of the nations taking part in the space exploration to find
solutions?
_____________________________________________________________
___
E. WRITING
Write a paragraph about noise pollution (definition, causes, effects, and
solutions).
1. Noise pollution/ any loud sounds/ either harmful or annoying/ humans
and animals.
_____________________________________________________________
____
_____________________________________________________________
____
2. Generally/ noise/ produced/ household appliances/ big trucks/ vehicles
and motorbikes/ on the road/ planes and helicopters flying over cities/
load speakers, etc.
_____________________________________________________________
____
_____________________________________________________________
____
 _____________________________________________________________
____
3. Noise pollution/ cause/ stress/ illnesses/ hearing loss/ sleep loss/ lost
productivity.
_____________________________________________________________
____
_____________________________________________________________
____
4. Health effects/ noise/ include/ anxiety/ stress/ headaches/ irritability/
nervousness.
_____________________________________________________________
____
_____________________________________________________________
____
5. Noise-producing industries/ airports/ bus terminals/ should/ located/ far/
living places.
_____________________________________________________________
____
_____________________________________________________________
____
6. The officials/ check/ misuse/ loudspeakers/ outdoor parties and discos/ as
well as/ public announcement systems.
_______________________________________________________________
__
_______________________________________________________________
__

TEST (UNIT 7)TEST (UNIT 7)

I)-Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
1. A. terrific B. Arabic C. statistic D. cosmetic
2. A. arithmetic B. geographic C. energetic D. economic
3. A. linguistic B. classical C. phonetic D. romantic
4. A. fantastic B. historic C. comic D. symbolic
5. A. oceanic B. specific C. ceramic D. aquatic
II)-Complete the sentences, using the correct form of the words in brackets.
6. __________________ habitats have been destroyed in recent years.
(nature)
7. A number of cleaning products contain ______________ chemicals. (harm)
8. Water samples collected at these villages were seriously ______________
with bacteria. (contaminate)
9. People believe that the _____________ water has brought cancer to the
local residents.
10. Light pollution makes us _____________ to see the stars in the sky. (able)
11. Noise is considered as ______________ pollution. (environment) III)-Fill in
each blank with the correct preposition.
12. Thousands of people were exposed _______________ radiation when the
nuclear plant exploded.
13. Waste water from many factories which is dumped _____________ water
bodies directly causes water pollution.
14. Land pollution is responsible for damage done _____________ natural
habitat of animals.
15. Americans throw ______________ twenty-eight and a half million tons of
plastic in landfills every year.
16. Scientists have come up _____________ new ways of saving energy.
IV)-People are worried about the effect of water pollution. Makes sentences
in Conditional sentences type 1 with “If…, …will…”, using the cues given.
people dump wastes and poisonous chemicals into water

tiny animals eat pollutants in polluted water

fish and shellfish eating tiny animals contain poison in their bodies

people who eat these fish et some diseases

 they have to go to hospital

their family members take care of them
17. If
_____________________________________________________________
___
18. _____________________________________________________________
___
_____________________________________________________________
___
19. _____________________________________________________________
___
_____________________________________________________________
___
20. _____________________________________________________________
___
_____________________________________________________________
___
21. _____________________________________________________________
___
_____________________________________________________________
___ V)-Circle the mistake in each sentences, and then correct it.
 permanent hearing loss.
23. The misuse of resources and __________________________________
importer dumping of waste make
land pollution.
24. The soil becomes contaminated __________________________________
because the use of so many
pesticides and other farming
chemicals.
25. Oil slicks from boats or ships pollute
the sea, because many fish and sea-
birds die.
26. In many developing countries, water __________________________________
pollution is usually a leading cause
of death if people drink from
polluted water resources.
27. We should plant trees in our __________________________________
neighbourhood so trees help cool
the planet.
22. Long exposure to loud noise results
__________________________________
VI)-Combine each pair of sentences, using the words/ phrases in brackets. You
can make some changes.
28. We are unable to see the stars in the sky. Light pollution occurs. (makes)
_____________________________________________________________
____
29. Glass panels, windows, lawns and roofs make light pollution worse. They
reflect both artificial and sun light. (because)
_____________________________________________________________
____
_____________________________________________________________
____
30. All sounds are not noise. Noise is any sound that is unwanted and goes
beyond its certain limit, for example, above 80 decibels. (because)
_____________________________________________________________
____
_____________________________________________________________
____
31. More and more noise is created by modern civilization. It has now
become a major environmental pollutant, especially in urban areas. (so)
_____________________________________________________________
____
_____________________________________________________________
____
32. Contamination in the air happens. There is acid rain which damages soil,
vegetation and aquatic life of the region. (causes)
_____________________________________________________________
____
_____________________________________________________________
____
33. Noise pollution is one of the major causes of stress and anxiety. People
suffer from stress and anxiety. (because of)
_____________________________________________________________
____
 ___________________________________________________________
______ VII)-Rearrange the sentences in order to make a meaningful
conversation, writing the correct letter (A-H) in each blank. The conversation
starts with number 0.
0 Mi: Nick, last Sunday my mother and I went to the mall in the city center to buy
some new clothes for our Tet holiday. The streets were so bright at night.
34. _______ A. Mi: I see. Do you know any other example of light
pollution?
35. _______ B. Mi: Besides the waste, light pollution many affect human
health and our sleep cycles.
36._______ C. Mi: Light pollution? Our teacher has just mentioned it in the
lesson this morning. Why is too much light at night harmful?
37._______ D. Mi:And sometimes we also have extra or unnecessary lights
around the house.
38._______ E. Nick: I enjoy Tet in Vietnam, Mi. But a lot of lights and posters
along the streets may cause light pollution.
39._______ F. Nick: You’re right, Mi. I think it is very wasteful because we
use much more energy to light up the city or our home all day round.
40._______ G. Nick: Because it may prevent us from seeing the stars and
other planets.
41. _______ H. Nick: Yes, we can mention street lamps that shine in all
directions, instead with a hood to point light downward the streets, or cities
with lights all night long.
VIII)-Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank
space in the following passage.
Have a walk (42)___________ a beach, listen to the sound of the sea
waves, and suddenly you see a lot of rubbish on the beach. Pollution takes
away all the (43)__________ of our beaches. I feel really very annoyed
(44)_____________ I see plastic bags lying on the sand, cigarette ends buried
in the sand, and soda cans floating in the sea.
 There are a lot of things that we can do. (45)___________ we see
rubbish, we should do our part in the protecting the land (46)___________
picking it up and throwing it in dust bins. (47)_____________, we can form
some kind of organization that helps (48)___________ the beaches. If
everyone does their part, the beaches will be a wonderful and beautiful place.
We need to start now (49)___________ the beaches are damaged beyond
repair.
42. A. at B. in C. on D. over
43. A. beauty B. beautiful C. beautifully D. being beautiful
44. A. before B. after C. when D. while
45. A. While B. If C. Unless D. Soon
46. A. by B. with C. of D. in
47. A. Nevertheless B. Therefore C. However D. Moreover
48. A. cleaning up B. clean up C. cleaning off D. clean off
49. A. before B. after C. until D. when
IX)-Read the passage, and do the tasks that follow.
Bike Capital of the World
Copenhagen has over 390 kilometers of bike lanes and is widely
regarded as the bike capital of the world. The Danes are well-known for their
love of cycling, and Copenhagen’s network of bike lanes is studied by other
cities.
Cyclists in Copenhagen are saving the city 90,000 tons of CO 2 emission
annually. Every day, about 789,000 miles are cycled in Copenhagen. Thirty-six
percent of the city’s residents bike to school or work. The city is looking to
increase that number to 50% by building more bike lanes, widening existing
lanes, creating biking –only bridges over the city’s waterways, providing more
space for parking bikes, and improving safety along existing bike routes.
The city of Copenhagen clearly understands the value of biking-friendly
cities. They are healthier, more environmentally-friendly, and allow for better
quality of life.
Task 1: Match a word in column A with its definition in column B, writing the
answer in each blank.
Answer A B
______ 50. regarded A. once a year

______ 51. well-known B. thought of in a particular way

______ 52. annually C. how good or bad something is

______ 53. space D. known by a lot of people; famous

______ 54. quality E. an area that is empty or not used

Task 2: Read the passages again, and answer the questions.

55. Why is Copenhagen regarded as the bike capital of the world?
___________________________________________________________
_____ 56. What are the Danes well-known for?
___________________________________________________________
_____ 57. How many miles are cycled in Copenhagen every day?
___________________________________________________________
_____ 58. What is the city going to do?
_____________________________________________________________
___
59. What are the benefits of biking-friendly cities?
________________________________________________________________
X)-Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each
question.
Saving the Environment: One Home at a Time
Pollution can be seen not only throughout the world, but also in our
own homes. It comes from household chemicals, the amount of water people
use and the waste people produce and throw away. What can be done to stop
this pollution? Surprisingly, a person can help save the environment by doing
simple things.
First, we need to recycle, which allows products to be used over and
over again. Recycling can also reduce the number of trees cut down to
produce paper products. It takes very little effort. It is not hard to place plastic
and glass bottles, aluminum cans and paper in a bin. Anyone can do it.
 Second, we need to watch the amount of water used in the home. It can
be conserved by taking short shower instead of baths, repairing leaky faucets,
using the dishwasher or washing machine only when fully loaded, or simply
turning the faucet off while brushing your teeth.
Third, we need to reduce waste. We need to recycle whenever possible,
but should also try to use this waste effectively. For example, grass clippings
and food scraps can be made into compost for plants. The average person
produces 4.3 pounds of waste every day, but we can reduce that amount by
recycling and reusing.
If we do our part in our own homes, we can help keep the planet from
becoming more polluted.
60. Pollution can be caused from the following sources except ______________.
A. house chemicals B. water from household

C. wastes D. water in rivers

61. Recycling can help us _____________.
A. never cut down trees B. use products again and again
produce more paper
C. place garbage bins easily D. products
62. In order to save water, we can do all of the following things except
_________.
A. take short showers instead of baths
B. repair leaky faucets
C. fully use the washing machine
D. turn the faucet off while brushing your teeth
63. Recycling helps to reduce waste because _______________.
A. plants need to develop
B. a person can do it in his home
C. waste can be recycled and reused
D. an average man produces compost for plants
64. The word “It” in paragraph 2 refer to ____________.
 A. recycling B. the number C. cutting down D. effort XI)-Fill in
each blank with ONE suitable word.
The major cause of water pollution in Vietnam is the weakness in
industrial wastewater management. Many factories (65)___________ fresh
water to carry away waste (66)____________ their plants into canals, rivers,
and lakes. Most of them do not have (67)___________ wastewater treatment
system. Industrial waste water is directly discharged into canals, lakes, ponds,
and rivers, causing serious (68)________ of surface water. For example,
(69)_________ 2008. Vedan factory, a sodium glutamate plant, released their
untreated industrial wastewater into the Thi Vai River and (70)___________
tons of fish and ducks in the river to die.
Another cause of water pollution in Vietnam is the lack of awareness
among citizens. Every day people generate a lot of (71)__________, and they
throw it directly into canals, rivers, and ponds. They (72)_________ water
from these sources to do their laundry, wash dishes, and bathe, and then they
throw the dirty water that contain detergent and shampoo directly into them.
XII)-Based on the context, make conditional sentences type 2 from the clues.
73. My home hasn’t installed a solar water heater. If/ my home/ install/ a solar
water heater/ we/ save a lot of energy.
_____________________________________________________________
____
_____________________________________________________________
____
74. Not all households in Viet Nam turn off lights during the Earth Hour. If/ all
households/ Viet Nam/ turn off lights/ the Earth Hour/ we/ save enough
electricity/ develop our rural areas.
_____________________________________________________________
____
_____________________________________________________________
____
75. Some students in our school still throw litter on the school ground. If/
students/ our school/ not throw litter/ the school ground/ our campus/
look/ greener/ fresher.
_____________________________________________________________
____
_____________________________________________________________
____
76. People use aluminum cans instead of glass bottles. If/ people/ use/ glass
bottles/ they/ use/ again and again.
_____________________________________________________________
____
_____________________________________________________________
____
77. Our school ground is large but we don’t have a wind turbine. If/ we/
install/ a wind turbine/ our school/ become/ more eco-friendly.
_____________________________________________________________
____
_____________________________________________________________
____
78. People don’t use organic fertilizers. If/ people/ use/ organic fertilizers/
they/ prevent/ land pollution.
_____________________________________________________________
____
_____________________________________________________________
____
79. A large number of people ride their motorbikes to work. If/ people/ ride/
bikes/ they/ keep/ air/ less polluted.
_____________________________________________________________
____
_________________________________________________________________