1.
a) Protection of internal organs
● Explanation: The primary function of the skeleton is to provide
structural support for the body and protect internal organs such as the
heart, lungs, and brain.
2. b) Sternum
● Explanation: The axial skeleton consists of the bones along the body's
central axis, including the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage
(including the sternum).
3. b) Ball and socket joint
● Explanation: Ball and socket joints, such as the shoulder and hip joints,
allow for a wide range of motion in multiple directions.
4. b) Clavicle
● Explanation: The clavicle (collarbone) is not part of the human skull; it
is a bone in the shoulder region that connects the arm to the trunk of
the body.
5. c) Skeletal muscle
● Explanation: Skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles that are under
conscious control, allowing for intentional movement of the body.
Section B: True or False
6. True
● Explanation: The adult human skeleton typically consists of 206 bones.
7. True
● Explanation: Tendons are tough bands of fibrous connective tissue that
connect muscles to bones, facilitating movement.
8. True
● Explanation: The patella, commonly known as the kneecap, is a small
bone located in front of the knee joint.
9. True
● Explanation: Cartilage is a type of connective tissue found at joints,
providing cushioning and reducing friction between bones during
movement.
10. True
● Explanation: Human locomotion involves the coordinated action of
muscles and bones to produce movement, such as walking, running,
and jumping.
Section C: Short Answer
11. Voluntary muscles are under conscious control and can be activated or
relaxed at will, such as skeletal muscles used for movement. Involuntary
muscles, like cardiac and smooth muscles, function without conscious
control, such as the heart beating or peristalsis in the digestive system.
12. Ligaments are fibrous bands of connective tissue that connect bones to each
other at joints, providing stability and limiting excessive movement.
13. The ball and socket joint allows for a wide range of motion in multiple
directions due to its spherical head (ball) fitting into a cup-like socket. This
structure enables flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation.
14. The human skeleton supports the body's weight, provides a framework for
muscles to attach to, and protects vital organs such as the brain, heart, and
lungs from injury.
15. Regular exercise helps maintain healthy musculoskeletal tissues by
strengthening muscles, increasing bone density, and promoting flexibility. It
also improves coordination and balance, contributing to efficient human
locomotion.
Section F: Matching
16. a) Osteoporosis
17. b) Synovial fluid
18. d) Flexion
19. c) Scoliosis
20. e) Myofibrils
Section I: Case Study
21.Factors contributing to John's back pain may include prolonged sitting,
poor posture, lack of exercise, and muscle weakness.
22. Lifestyle changes for John could include incorporating regular exercise,
taking breaks to stretch and move throughout the day, improving ergonomic
workspace setup, and seeking medical advice for proper treatment and
management of his symptoms.
