L11

0nline
course
L 13 ONLINE
Summer
COURSE
1400
Spring 1399
 Welcome
Dear students of L11;
Thanks for joining us here.
Before we start I’d like you to
pay attention to the follwing
rules.
1- Make sure your books and your dictionaries are
available.
2- Don’t chat unless there’s a problem with the
microphone or your voices.
3- Join the channel in Eitaa to be supported with
additional materials.
4- Ask questions whenever you have a problem.
5- Take notes in your books during the class.
6- Don’t leave the class if there is disconnection in
the Internet.
7- Be active in the class by asking and answering
questions.
8- Be on time please. Those students who join us
late will get a negative mark.
Your oral marks will be based on your class
participation. This means that it's important for you
to actively engage in class discussions, ask
questions, and contribute your thoughts and ideas.
Your participation will not only help you improve
your speaking skills but also demonstrate your
understanding of the material we are covering. So,
make sure to come prepared and ready to
participate in our upcoming classes.
 Class Activity : 70
 Midterm :10
 Final : 20
 Passing mark : 75
 Unit 1
Outlook and behavior
The person’s point of view or attitude
to life;
Your view of life;
A person’s way of understanding and
thinking about something;
The way you look at life
Pessimism ,Realism or
Optimism
 Nouns Adjectives Nouns

An optimist optimistic Optimism

A pessimist Pessimistic Pessimism

A realist realistic realism

Optimist : a person who is hopeful about future
and thinks good things will happen.
( He sees the glass half full)
She’s an optimist, or an optimistic person.

Pessimist : a person who thinks bad things are

going to happen and is very hopeless.
( he sees the glass half empty)
He’s a pessimist or a pessimistic person.

Realist : a person who accepts the reality and

facts and likes to look at everything as they are
( He sees the glass half empty and half full, the
reality)
I’m a realist or a realistic person.
 You win some , you lose some : Sometimes you can’t be
successful
 Keep an open mind : to wait and avoid making judgment
 Assume: suppose
 Criminal : a person who breaks the law and does illegal
things
 Promotion : raising someone to a higher position
 Raise : an increase in salary
 Socialize : to spend time with people or friends to enjoy
 Crime : an action that’s against law
 Disaster : a great harmful event
 Mosquito : harmful insects
 Global warming : an increase in the world
temperatures
 Come down with : to become sick with a
disease
 Rare : not seen or found easily
 Call in sick : to telephone to say she was too ill
to come to work
Outgoing talkative
Hardworking serious
Considerate trustworthy
Easygoing modest
Easygoing: Nothing bothers a person, He or
she just rolls up with the punches
Hardworking: A person who tries hard
Considerate : Being helpful to others; not
doing something that annoys others
Modest : not proud
Outgoing : a person who likes to meet and
talk to people
Trustworthy : reliable, truthful and honest
Punctual : on time
Rude : impolite
Liberal : willing to respect others’ opinions
Conservative : traditional
Independent : able to do things by yourself
Grammar
 GRAMMAR INTRODUCTION
GERUNDS & INFINITIVES
Gerund Infinitive
Base form+ing To + base form
playing To play
swimming to swim
 GERUNDS
Gerunds are the “ing” forms of
the verbs that function as a
Noun.
I am swimming. ( swimming is a
verb not a gerund)
I like swimming. ( swimming is a
noun and a gerund here.
 DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS OF
GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES
 Gerunds can be the subject, object, subject
complement:
Subject : Swimming is fun.

object : I like swimming. ( direct object)

I’m tired of swimming. (object of preposition)

Subject complement :
A good exercise for our bodies is swimming.
 Infinitives also function as a subject, object, subject
complement and also to express purpose.

Subject : To be honest isn’t always easy.

Object : I want to be honest.

subject complement : My favorite thing is to be honest.

 Infinitive of purpose :
I learn English to find a better job.
 GRAMMAR
GERUND & INFINITIVE

1- Some verbs are followed just by

gerunds.
 Example: I enjoy playing soccer.
Not I enjoy To play.

I avoid driving fast.

Not I avoid to drive fast.
2- Some verbs are followed by
infinitives.
Examples: I want to play soccer.
Not I want playing soccer.

She decided to study.

Not She decided Studying.
3- Some verbs are followed by a noun
(object) and then an infinitive.
Examples:
I advise you to study well.
She allowed me to go out.
I want you to do your homework .
4- Some verbs are followed by both gerunds and
infinitives.
a. With NO change in meaning
Example: She likes to play = She likes playing
I hate to cook = I hate cooking
He tries to learn= He tries learning

b. With change in meaning

She stopped talking
She stopped to talk differnt
 A few verbs ( such as ‘stop’,‘remember’ and
‘forget’) can be followed by both the gerund and
infinitive but the meanings are different.
 Examples:

Stop
They stopped having lunch at the restaurant.
( They don’t eat at the restaurant anymore.)

They stopped to have lunch at the retaurant.

( They stopped another activity in order to have
lunch in the restaurant.)
 Remember
Remember to bring your books to class tomorrow.
( You remember first then you do it.)

I remember playing games with my sister when we

were kids.
( First I did an action then I remember it.)
 Forget
I forgot to buy flowers for my mom’s birthday.
( I didn’t do the action because I foregot.)

I forgot buying flowers for my mom’s birthdays.

( I always bought flowers for my mom’s birthday
in the past and after that I don’t remeber that
activity.)
Page 123
Page 124
1

2
3

4
a
or It’s important to study English

Or I study English to find a better job.

c

She is too young to go to school.

Write the following sentences using impersonal IT.

1. To be a good teacher is my goal.

2. To play video games is his hobby.
3. To study hard in this term is necessary.
4. To avoid danger is everybody’s way of life.
1. It’s my goal to be a good teacher.
2. It’s his hobby to play video games.
3. It’s necessary to study hard in this term.
4. It’s everybody’s way of life to avoid dange.
Do you know the meaning of these words?
Permit = allow
Sweetheart = someone who is likable
and easy to get along with
Chore : the work that you have to do to keep the house clean
grocery : foods and other things that are sold at a supermarket
Complain : to say that you are annoyed or not happy about sth
Pull her weight : do her share of work
Move out : leave a place
Workaholic : A person who works very hard
People person : Some one who likes being
with and works well with other people
Client : customer
Drive somebody crazy : make somebody crazy
Forbid : not allow
Warn : to say that something bad may happen
Take the fun out of something: to make sth not enjoyable
 NEW WORDS OF THE LISTENING
1- Complicated : difficult to
understand
2- Around the clock : A long time
3- let up : stop
4- impression : An idea of what a
person is like
 GRAMMAR
 Which one is right?

I allow to leave the class.

I allow you to leave the class.

She advised to study more.

She advised me to study more.
 GRAMMAR
 Which one is right?

I allow to leave the class.

I allow you to leave the class.

She advised to study more.

She advised me to study more.
As you learned before, some verbs are followed by
infinitives.
But sometimes they are followed directly by an infinitive
I want to play basketball.
I prefer to learn Chinese.
She needs to study more.

and sometimes they are followed by a noun and an

infinitive.
I advise you to exercise daily.
They allow me to go out with my friends.

Some verbs can be followed with or without a noun and

then an infinitive :
I want to study English.
I want you to study English.
Infinitive =
to + base form
To study

Negative infinitive
= not to + base form
Not to study
 LET’S PRACTICE SOME MORE
 Change the infinitives and gerunds into negative forms.
1- I prefer to have coffee.
2- I persuaded them to sell their house.
3- He was surprised to get the promotion.
4- He recommends waiting till the last
minute.
5- He ordered me to see a doctor.
Change the sentences into passive.
1- He allowed me to leave.
2- We ordered him to stay home.
3- She advised us to eat healthy food.
4- He persuaded her to exercise.
5- I promised them to study more.
 Listening warm up :
How much do you worry about epidemics, terrorism, and
crime ? Write each one on the graph. Then discuss with a
partner?
 NEW WORDS OF THE LISTENING
1- Breakdown : The failure of a relationship or
system
2- Tempt : to make somebody want to have or do
something by making it attractive
3- obsessed : worrying or thinking about something
all the time
4- contagious : passing from one person to another
5- freak : to become suddenly angry or afraid
6- go overboard : do too much of something
Drug trafficking : the act of
Buying and selling illegally
( drugs, arms, people)
Political corruption: illegal or
Bad or dishonest behavior by
People in power
A : Reading warm up :
 In what ways can a person’s attitude help in
solving a problem or achieving a goal?

B: Reading
 Read the news paper article , which is based on a
true story in the news.
 What was Phil cooper’s mistake?
Otherwise :
In a different
situation

Glorious :
wonderful

Snapshot : photo
Absent – minded : forgetful

Take the cake : be the most

foolish

Settle : stay somewhere for

a long time

Needless: not necessary

Case :box
Stash : to store something safely
Scroll : to move up and down in a computer screen
Snoop : The act of trying to find information about
people’s personal life
Clue : information that helps you solve a problem
Identity: who a person is
Come across : meet or find by chance
Burst of :a sudden strong feeling or emotion; burst of anger
Recognize : know
Workbook
Grammar Booster
Quizzes and exercises
 VOCABULARY QUIZ

Pessimism optimistic pessimist optimism

unfair essential generosity tyrant

1- Unfortunately, there’s a deep --------------- about the

future.
2- Don’t be such a -----------------.
3- Andrew took a more ----------------- view.
4- Happily, there’s a new sense of -------------- in the
country.
5- This competition was really --------------.
6- A good diet is -------------- for everyone.
7- You can’t imagine his ---------------- to the poor.
8- The country had long been ruled by a real ----------------.