Alexandria University
Electric Power System in Egypt
Dr. Mohamed M. Zakaria Moustafa
Department of Electrical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering
History of Engineering Sciences (HS103)
Alexandria University
Outlines
• Electric Power System: Main Components;
• Electric Power Stations;
• Electric Power Transmission;
• Electric Power System in Egypt.
History of Engineering Sciences (HS103)
Alexandria University
Electric Power System:
Main Components
History of Engineering Sciences (HS103)
Alexandria University
Electric Power System: Main Components
History of Engineering Sciences (HS103)
Alexandria University
Electric Power System (Cont.)
Generation Transmission Distribution
• Hydro Power • High Voltage
Station Alternating Current
• Thermal Power (HVAC)
Station Transmission
• Nuclear Power • High Voltage Direct
Station Current (HVDC)
• Renewable Transmission
History of Engineering Sciences (HS103)
Alexandria University
Electric Power Stations
History of Engineering Sciences (HS103)
Alexandria University
Generation: Hydro Power Station
History of Engineering Sciences (HS103)
Alexandria University
Generation: Hydro Power Station
Advantages:
• Green energy;
• Safe;
• Flexible.
Disadvantages:
• Environmental Consequences;
• Expensive;
• Seasonal droughts.
History of Engineering Sciences (HS103)
Alexandria University
Generation: Thermal Power Station
Schematic of a gas turbine power station
History of Engineering Sciences (HS103)
Alexandria University
Generation: Thermal Power Station
Advantages:
• Fuel cost is relatively low;
• Smaller space comparing to hydro and
nuclear power plant;
• Thermal plants can be placed near load
centers unlike hydro and nuclear plants.
Disadvantages:
• Pollution of the atmosphere;
• Higher maintenance and operational costs;
• Low overall efficiency (~30-40%).
History of Engineering Sciences (HS103)
Alexandria University
Generation: Renewable Energy
Wind power station Solar power station
History of Engineering Sciences (HS103)
Alexandria University
Generation: Renewable Energy
Advantages:
• Renewable energy is eco-friendly (produces little or no waste
products such as carbon dioxide or other chemical pollutants);
• It’s a renewable resource (do not deplete over a lifetime);
• Renewable energy has stabilized global energy prices.
Disadvantages:
• The electricity generation capacity is
still not large enough;
• Low-efficiency levels.
History of Engineering Sciences (HS103)
Alexandria University
Generation: Nuclear Power Station
Schematic of a nuclear power station
History of Engineering Sciences (HS103)
Alexandria University
Generation: Nuclear Power Station
Advantages:
• Less uranium is needed to produce the same amount of energy
as coal or natural gas;
• Large capacity per plant, typically
around 1GWatt;
• Reliability: it can run uninterrupted
for up to 540 days;
• Low CO2 emissions.
Disadvantages:
• High initial construction cost;
• Mining, transporting and storing of the uranium and its waste is
a complicated process;
• Nuclear power stations accidents are usually a disaster.
History of Engineering Sciences (HS103)
Alexandria University
Electric Power Transmission
History of Engineering Sciences (HS103)
Alexandria University
Transmission: Why High Voltage?
History of Engineering Sciences (HS103)
Alexandria University
Transmission: Types
Using High Voltage Alternating Current
(HVAC)
• The most commonly used way of electric
power transmission.
Using High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC)
• In case of different frequency between two countries;
• It is more economical in case of long distances.
History of Engineering Sciences (HS103)
Alexandria University
Electric Power System
in Egypt
History of Engineering Sciences (HS103)
Alexandria University
Electric Power in Egypt: History
• In 1893, the Electricity was first introduced in Egypt, it was
owned and operated by private companies.
• In 1962, all these companies had been nationalized, and the
government became the owner and the operator.
• In 1964, the first ministry for electricity power was formed.
• In 1965, the public Egyptian Corporation for Electricity has
been established; it was responsible for Generating,
Transmitting and Distributing electricity.
• In 1976, the Public Egyptian Corporation for Electricity was
converted to The Egyptian Electricity Authority (law no. 12).
History of Engineering Sciences (HS103)
Alexandria University
Electric Power in Egypt: History (Cont.)
• In 1978, seven distribution companies was established on a
geographical basis.
• In 1996, Law no. (100) was issued allowing the local and
foreign Investors to construct, operate and maintain electric
generation stations BOOT (Build, Own, Operate, and Transfer) .
• In 2000, Law no. (164) was issued concerning conversion of
The Egyptian Electricity Authority to a contribution company
called the Egyptian Electric Holding Company (EEHC).
• In 2001, the general association of the EEHC has agreed to
separate between the Generation Activity (5 Companies) from
the Distribution activity, and separate the High Voltage network
Activity into separate company for control and transmission.
History of Engineering Sciences (HS103)
Alexandria University
Ministry of Electricity and Renewable Energy
History of Engineering Sciences (HS103)
