COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

ECM 578 GROUP PROJECT

PROJEK MEMBINA JALAN BARU DARI POS TENAU, DAERAH

MUALLIM, PERAK KE POS
LABU / SENDERUT, DAERAH KUALA LIPIS, PAHANG.

CLASS: EC2207A4

GROUP: 1

MEMBERS:
Muhammad Irsyad Nawfal Bin Abdul Rashid (2020898262)
Muhammad Fariz Bin Busra (2020476546)
Nur Sabrina Binti Yusoff (2020866658)
Nur Fasihah Binti Meor Mohamad Ali (2020490168)
Nur Iwana Athirah Binti Ahmad Jambari (2020844944)
 Table Of Content

Table Of Content 2
Introduction 3
1a) Select a case study from a real-life project (selection of case study which occurred 4
3 years back) and identify the parties involved in this project and describe their 4
responsibilities towards the performance of the selected case study. (25 marks) 4
1b) Identify the inspection activities related to the construction work and the quality 6
assurance implemented in the selected case study. (25 marks) 6
2a) Performance deficiencies of the contractors throughout the construction progress 7
in the case study. 7
2b) Demonstrate the corrective action as the considerations to improve the 8
performance of selected case study towards SDGs (25 marks) 8
Conclusion 9
References 10
Appendices 11

2
Introduction

The Ministry of Rural and Regional Development has spearheaded the "Construction
of a New Road from Pos Tenau, Muallim District, Perak to Pos Labu/Senderut, Kuala Lipis
District, Pahang," a project that is ready to provide road infrastructure facilities to minority
communities to form a group a more advanced and modern society. This public 16.9 km long
road project is led by the Director of Perak State Public Works Department, Casa Hartamas
Sdn. Bhd. as a design and build contractor, while IRZI Consultants and WAW MDP Services
Sdn. Bhd. providing specialist consultancy in civil and structural engineering and material
surveying, respectively. This RM 161,500,000.00 project, which was launched on 21 October
2022, is expected to be completed by 20 October 2026, covering a contract period of 48
months.

There are a few objectives for this new road project. Firstly, providing road
infrastructure facilities to facilitate minority communities to form a more advanced and
modern society. Next, being able to connect cities or towns to Orang Asli's settlement areas
with a closer and safer distance. Then, to provide facilities for the Orang Asli to go out and in
from the village to the urban area. Lastly, to improve the economic and social status of the
Orang Asli. Hence, this project will benefit the Orang Asli community at Pos Tenau and Pos
Senderut by providing new road infrastructure facilities as long as 16.9 km to replace the
connecting road that is used now on foot through soil and hilly roads.

The current project progress status until November 2023 for physical progress
ending on 4 December 2023; schedule = 6.40% , actual progress = 7.37% , variance =
+0.97% while for financial progress ending on 4 December 2023 ; schedule = 7.94%, actual
progress = 9.14%, variance = +1.20% and the cumulative value of the work carried out is
RM 14,757,811.91.

Figure 1: Site layout of 16.9 km of new road construction from Pos Tenau, Muallim District,
Perak to Pos Senderut, Kuala Lipis District, Pahang.

Profile of respondent:
Name : Ts. Mohd Zaen bin Mohd Zahid
Position: Civil Engineer (J41), Perak Federal Project Team (PPPNP), Perak PWD
Years of Experience: 23 years

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1a) Select a case study from a real-life project (selection of case study which occurred
3 years back) and identify the parties involved in this project and describe their
responsibilities towards the performance of the selected case study. (25 marks)

● Client - MINISTRY OF RURAL AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT

In line with the construction of a new road from Pos Tenau, Muallim District,
Perak to Pos Labu/Senderut, Kuala Lipis District, Pahang, the Ministry of Rural and
Regional Development plays a crucial role in the planning and execution of new road
construction projects in the areas. They oversee the full project lifetime, from
infrastructure planning to completion. The ministry conducts feasibility studies to
determine whether additional roads are needed depending on population growth and
economic development. They also distribute resources, manage budgets and
collaborate with government agencies and local governments. Road construction
projects must comply with the regulations. The ministry ensures transparent and fair
contracts and procurement. Roads are quality-controlled to guarantee longevity and
safety. Community involvement is crucial to include local communities and
stakeholders in decision-making and communicate project benefits and progress.
The ministry also handles maintenance and environmental issues including erosion
management and animal protection other than promoting sustainable infrastructure
development in rural regions in multiple ways.

● Operator - JABATAN KERJA RAYA (JKR) DIRECTOR OF PERAK STATE

Malaysia's public works agency, Jabatan Kerja Raya (JKR), plays a key role
in this new road development. JKR plans and designs projects systematically,
performing feasibility studies and creating precise engineering drawings. The agency
manages road construction projects from resource allocation until timely,
budget-compliant completion. JKR offers fair and transparent contract management
for services, materials and construction enterprises. To ensure infrastructure safety
and longevity, JKR sets and enforces strict quality requirements. JKR also obtains
permissions and permits by national legislation and industry standards. The
budgeting and financial management department prioritizes cost-effectiveness and
money utilization. JKR uses technology to improve construction and adopts
ecologically friendly practices to handle erosion control and environmental
requirements. They also plan and implement road maintenance procedures to
maintain functioning and safety after construction. JKR is essential to managing new
road building projects holistically, ensuring infrastructure excellence that satisfies
regulatory and community objectives.

● Contractor - CASA HARTAMAS SDN BHD

Contractors play several roles in these new road building projects, ensuring
their success. They aid project planning and design evaluations from the start,
revealing construction functionality. Cost estimates and competitive bidding by
contractors based on accurate cost evaluations are their responsibilities. After
winning a contract, they will allocate people, equipment and supplies to complete
projects efficiently. Contractors carefully coordinate work, conduct quality control and
comply with safety laws to safeguard workers and the public. They work diligently to
meet project deadlines and avoid delays. Throughout construction, clients, architects,
engineers and subcontractors must communicate and collaborate. The contractor
must also get licenses, comply with regulations and consider the environment. Daily
logs and progress updates enhance project accountability and conflict settlement.
Contractors handle handover, resolving difficulties, completing punch lists and
delivering paperwork for a successful project. For new road construction projects to

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 succeed, they must combine technical competence, project management skills and a
dedication to quality, safety and compliance.

● C&S Consultant - PERUNDING IRZI SDN BHD

Civil and Structural (C&S) Consultants help build these new roads at different
phases. Geological and environmental site evaluations inform feasibility studies. By
working with other engineering disciplines, they provide precise road structural
designs that meet codes, standards and safety criteria. They analyze load-bearing
capacity and stability and create comprehensive models to optimize the designs.
According to structural requirements, environmental factors and project
specifications, they also offer building materials and techniques while working closely
with architects and geotechnical engineers. Ensuring building code, safety and other
regulatory compliance is a priority. Quality control, inspections and on-site monitoring
by C&S Consultants ensure that structural components fulfill authorized designs and
safety requirements throughout the construction. Risk assessment and mitigation,
design, calculation and construction documentation are their duties. In value
engineering, C&S Consultants seeks to optimize costs without compromising
structural integrity. In new building projects, their expertise ensures road structural
safety, durability and compliance.

● QS Consultant - WAW MDP SERICES SDN BHD

By managing cost, finances and contracts, Quantity Surveying (QS)

Consultants help these new road building projects succeed. They carefully assess
materials, labour, equipment and administrative expenses for each project phase
from the start. QS Consultants design and manage budgets with stakeholders,
analysing financial performance against standards. In tendering, they prepare and
evaluate bid papers and suggest vendors based on pricing and qualifications. With
experience in contract terms and conditions, QS Consultants helps negotiate and
create contracts. Their role extends to value engineering, where they evaluate
alternatives to identify cost-saving opportunities without compromising quality. They
also closely monitor project expenses and correct any discrepancies. This includes
modification orders, financial risk assessment and mitigation, progress payments,
and reviews. As the project develops, they prepare and negotiate the final account
between the customer and contractor. Expert views and conflict resolution
participation are provided when necessary. QS Consultants track all project costs and
report to stakeholders to provide financial transparency and responsibility. Overall,
their expertise contributes significantly to the financial success and efficiency of new
road construction projects.

Figure 2: Parties Involved in This Project

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1b) Identify the inspection activities related to the construction work and the quality
assurance implemented in the selected case study. (25 marks)

For roads to be long-lasting and efficient, material testing is essential. Essential

building materials such as asphalt, concrete, aggregates, and soil are evaluated and
analysed in detail. The properties, composition, durability, and conformity to standards of key
materials are examined by quality assurance teams in great detail. A battery of rigorous
tests, including compaction evaluations, in-depth gradation analyses, and strength
evaluations, are used to conduct this examination. To ensure the materials utilised are
suitable and of high quality, and to confirm that they meet all project requirements and
industry standards, these tests are essential.

In order to guarantee the success of the project, it is crucial to consistently inspect

the building site. Excavation, grading, pavement, and drainage systems are all part of the
process that requires careful supervision. Inspectors keep a close eye on the authorised
plans to make sure they are being carried out according to the specified standards and
methodology. Maintaining the stipulated standards in workmanship and ensuring that
construction techniques match authorised plans are also part of this monitoring. In order to
guarantee the road's structural integrity and operating efficiency, these regular inspections
are crucial for making sure the project is in conformity with established rules and industry
best practices.

Other than that, the quality control of pavement layers is also essential during the
construction. Inspecting each layer of the pavement during construction needs to be done for
quality assurance. This involves checking the thickness, compaction, smoothness, and
proper application of each layer, such as the base course, binder course, and wearing
course. A successful pavement design involves many variables, which are the right material
selection, the current climate, and the expected performance of the pavement under different
conditions. These crucial design elements directly affect the overall quality and durability of
the pavement. A failed pavement can lead to a wide range of consequences, such as
increased expenses, the need to organise more resources, damage to one's reputation, an
extension of the project's deadline, and the waste of precious time and effort.

In the road construction, the road surface and joint inspection are needed for the
quality assurance. Joints are made to adjust for the natural expansion and contraction of
concrete caused by temperature changes. The inspection must verify the use of the proper
joint sealants or fillers, check for proper joint design and dimensions, and make sure the
joints are clean and clear of debris. In surface inspection, the wearing surface (top layer) of
the road is assessed for smoothness, resistance to skidding, and general quality. Thus, it
can improve overall road performance, travel comfort, and vehicle safety. Visual inspection,
which involves observing the state of the road surface up close, and friction testing, which
evaluates skid resistance, are appropriate techniques.

It is also important to include the traffic control and safety inspections. The primary
objective of safety inspections is to verify that traffic control measures are implemented to
safeguard both the public and employees. Inspections cover things like barricades, safe
traffic flow arrangements, and warning signs. Additionally, inspections are done on
worker-used equipment and safety procedures. This procedure is essential for detecting
possible dangers, improved traffic flow, and increasing road safety in general.
Comprehensive plans have been developed at the commencement of construction to handle
specific traffic situations, potential hazards, and vehicle flow. It is also critical to conduct
routine inspections to guarantee that workers are adhering to established safety procedures
and that the construction site complies with safety regulations.

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2a) Performance deficiencies of the contractors throughout the construction progress
in the case study.

● Project Timeline Delays

Project Timeline Delays caused by insufficient access road preparation in the Pahang
region have a significant impact on Soil Investigation (SI) operations, resulting in a significant
performance deficit. Insufficiently prepared access roads prevent the timely starting and
progress of SI tasks, having a significant impact on the overall project timeline. Several
factors, including delayed road construction and access difficulties to the project site,
contribute to these delays, which have a negative impact on the on-time completion of SI
activities and possible obstacles in future project phases. The limited supply of resources
presents a significant obstacle to the contractor’s effective distribution and utilization for the
project, which impacts the project's overall performance and cost-effectiveness. In addition,
the complexities of resource allocation issues may cause delays and compromises in the
final product quality, which may have consequences on the project's success.

● Communication Issues

One of the biggest obstacles to conducting the basic census for the Orang Asli
communities in Pahang is communication. Village chiefs and citizens consider it difficult to
comprehend the approaching census due to unclear information, which limits the
communication of important information regarding its objectives and due dates. The Orang
Asli communities' inability to completely understand the census initiative makes the initiative
less successful and develops mistrust and confusion. In addition to the informational
component, there is a lack of community involvement where the current problems make
people less interested and involved. Insufficient interaction jeopardizes the basic census
project's credibility and trust by lowering community interest and engagement as well as
transparency.

● Poor Planning and Coordination

Due to lack of planning and coordination, there are issues with numerous houses
within the road area along the alignment of the road from Pos Tenau to Pos Senderut. A
crucial planning error was exposed when comprehensive surveys were neglected prior to
construction, allowing residential buildings to pile up on the assigned roadways. Zoning laws
disobeyed further exposes coordination issues and failure to obey regulations.
Unsatisfactory interactions with locals lead to dissatisfaction and negatively impact
community cooperation and engagement. As a result, there is discontent and separation
among the local community and contractors which may provoke the anger of the Orang Asli
community. The effects go beyond short-term setbacks where they generate an ongoing
cycle of distrust that prevent the adoption and maintenance of constructive projects.

● Budgetary Overruns

When actual costs exceed initial budget estimates, possibly as a result of scope
changes or inaccurate cost estimates for particular work where the contractor has to deal
with budgetary overruns in the construction process. Within project management, the
contractor faces significant implications that might threaten their ability to maintain financial
stability, cause delays in the project, or lower the quality of the construction. For the
contractor, strict cost control becomes essential, requiring careful budgeting and
modifications to lessen the negative impacts of overruns. In addition to the obvious financial
consequences, these overruns could harm the contractor's standing in the industry and
make it more depressing to the contractors in the ongoing project, a tarnished reputation in
the sector could make it challenging to land new projects.

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2b) Demonstrate the corrective action as the considerations to improve the
performance of selected case study towards SDGs (25 marks)

Addressing the issues of project timeline delays due to insufficient access road
preparation in the Pahang region where it gives significant impact on SI operations, it will
require a corrective action plan such as preparation and improvement of access roads. It can
be done by allocating dedicated resources and budget to improve and prioritize access road
preparation by collaborating with local authorities or stakeholder to expedite road
construction or repairs necessary for smooth SI operations. by referring to the clauses or
regulations within local contracts, where it emphasizes the importance of access road
preparation for construction projects. According to the clause 12.2 that has been stated in
PWD Form DB (Rev. 1/2010), contractors shall be entitled to have access to the site before
the Date for Possession to access and possession of the site in order to enable the
contractor to commence the necessary works.

Other than that, addressing the second issue that happened during the construction
is the challenges faced in conducting the basic census for the Orang Asli communities in
Pahang that are specifically focussing on communication and community involvement will
require a tailored corrective action plan such as providing a clear communication strategy.
They need to develop a comprehensive communication strategy emphasizing clear culturally
sensitive communication channels that can be understood by the community that lives near
the project. This may include utilizing local languages, engaging community leaders for
dissemination and using visual aids or storytelling methods to convey census objectives and
timeline effectively. There are no specific clauses from any local construction contract and
article about the communication issue with the community at the site, however there is an
article that studies about the communication barrier among foreign workers in construction
sites. From study made by Valitherm et. al (2014), the foreign worker prefers our local
supervisor to learn their foreign languages. So back to the issues,maybe contractor
management can learn the Orang Asli language in order to provide better communication
with them.

Furthermore, regarding the issues of lack of planning and coordination issues along
the road alignment from Pos Tenau to the Pos Senderut that especially concerning
residential structures encroaching on the designated roadways will require a strategic
corrective action plan which is by adherence to zoning Laws and regulations. The
management of contractors need to initiate an immediate assessment of zoning violations
and non-compliance issues by working closely with local authorities to rectify zoning
discrepancies and ensure adherence to regulations. This might mean moving or changing
some houses or affected structures, so it can fit better with the road plans. It has been stated
at clause 19.1 in PWD Form DB (Rev. 1.0/2010), where the boundaries of the site shall be
determined during the P.D. phase including any levels, boundary stones and any other
points of reference which may be required by the contractor for the execution of the works.

Last but not least is the issue of addressing the situations where the actual costs
exceed the initial budget estimated during construction that is leading to budgetary overruns
and potential negative impact to the project completion, so a corrective action plan can be
outlined by considering the budget adjustment and scope management for the project. The
construction management can implement rigorous monitoring of project scope changes and
associated costs. They need to adjust the budget accordingly and document any changes
made by any parties to ensure transparency and accountability, where they need to use the
change order procedures that have been outlined in the contract to manage modifications
effectively. As stated in clause 70.0 in PWD Form 203A (Rev 1.0/2010), where no
modification, amendment or waiver of any of the provisions of the contract shall be effective
unless made by mutual consent and made in writing of supplementary agreement and
signed by the parties.

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Conclusion

To summarise, the efficient implementation of road development projects relies on

the effectiveness of contract administration. To guarantee projects are completed punctually,
economically, and in accordance with high-quality criteria, road construction requires a strict
commitment to contractual agreements and thorough monitoring. Contract administration
consists of a variety of duties, including ongoing monitoring, quality control, and dispute
resolution, in addition to initial procurement processes and contract negotiations. By
diligently overseeing these elements, stakeholders in a project can minimize potential
hazards, maximize the use of available resources, and develop an environment of open and
honest communication among all parties involved. In addition to protecting the contracting
parties' interests, a well-managed contract administration process promotes the
development of road infrastructure that is sustainable, long-lasting, and effective, thereby
responding to the needs of communities and enabling profitable growth in the regional and
urban areas.

All in all, it is essential that organizations obtain good contracts that will minimize the
risk while ensuring the optimum result of the project through effective contract
administration. With the current competitive and demanding conditions found in information
technology projects, it is very important to prepare contracts with great care and expert
assistance. It is equally important to initiate and follow effective contract administration
procedures to ensure the project can be completed within the expected budget and time. All
the conflicts and disputes that might arise during the construction process need to be
minimized to avoid delay and increase of overall cost of the project. Thus, good contract
administration will be fundamental to the effective functioning of any construction contract.

Eventually, in the sector of road development projects, the importance of precise

contract administration cannot be overstated. Beyond the immediate impact on project
timelines, costs, and quality, effective contract management lays the groundwork for
long-term community development and successful development in cities and regions. The
success of these projects is dependent not only on the development of solid contracts, but
also on the consistent application of strong administration procedures. This includes risk
prevention, resource optimization, and developing a culture of open communication.
Contracts must be carefully planned and managed, especially in the rapidly changing
landscape of information technology projects, where competition is fierce and demands are
high. As organizations overcome the complex issues of construction contracts,
comprehensive contract administration plays a critical role in ensuring not only the
achievement of project goals, but also the long-term durability and performance of the
constructed infrastructure.

Moreover, effective contract administration is critical in navigating the changing

environment of construction projects, where technological advances and shifting laws and
regulations introduce new challenges. Contract administration procedures' flexibility and
responsiveness become critical in dealing with unexpected situations and ensuring project
success. This flexibility extends to the constantly changing nature of stakeholder
expectations, environmental concerns, and industry standards. A forward-thinking approach
to contract administration, combined with a commitment to continuous improvement,
positions organizations to not only meet the immediate requirements of a project, but also
grow in an environment of innovation and change. The ongoing importance of good contract
administration procedures in the construction industry highlights their critical role in
determining the direction of profitable and sustainable infrastructure development.

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References

1. Condition of Contract for Design and Build Contract PWD FORM DB (Rev. 1/2010).
2. Condition of Contract to be Used Where Bills of Quantities Form part of the Contract
PWD FORM 203A (Rev. 1/2010).
3. Valitherm, A. N. A. N. T. H. A. N., & Rahman, A. (2014). Communication barrier in
Malaysia construction sites. International Journal of Education and Research, 2(1),
1-1

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Appendices

11
12
6.0 Assessment

Assessment is carried out based on the submission of report using a performance criteria matrix designed for this group project as shown below.

ECM 578 CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA (RUBRIC) MATRIX ON ASSESSMENT OF PROJECT
Performance Criteria Description of Performance Criteria
Selection of a case Ability to identify parties involved in this project and describe their responsibilities towards project performance
study from real life 1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25
project and the Lack of explanation on Some explanation on Detailed explanation on Detailed explanation on Detailed explanation on
inspection of the two (2) different parties two (2) different parties three (3) different parties four (4) different parties more than four (4) parties
construction project involved and lack of involved with a few involved with acceptable involved with detail involved with detail
explanation on their explanations on their explanation on their roles explanation on their roles explanation on their roles
Task 1 (a): roles and roles and and responsibilities and responsibilities and responsibilities
 Identification of responsibilities towards responsibilities towards towards the performance towards the performance towards the performance
parties involved the performance of the the performance of the of the project of the project of the project
project project
(CO2-PO3) (25 marks) Ability to identify the inspection and quality assurance involving stakeholders related to project performance
1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25
Task 1 (b): Very poor explanation Poor explanation on two Adequate explanation on Good evaluation on four Detail evaluation on five
 Identify the inspection on one (1) inspection (2) inspection activities three (3) inspection (4) inspection activities (5) inspection activities
activities the quality activities and quality and quality assurance activities and quality and quality assurance on and quality assurance on
assurance assurance on on contractor’s work assurance on contractor’s work contractor’s work
implemented contractor’s work contractor’s work

(CO2-PO3) (25 marks)

Ability to discover of the potential issues on performance deficiencies related to the inspection of the contractor’s work
Task 2(a): 1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25
 Discover the Very poor explanation Poor explanation on the Acceptable elaboration Good elaboration on the Detail elaboration on the
performance on the potential potential conflicting one on the potential potential conflicting three potential conflicting four
deficiencies conflicting no issue on (1) issue on conflicting two (2) issues (3) issues on performance (4) issues on
performance performance on performance deficiencies by contractor performance deficiencies
(CO2-PO3) (25 marks) deficiencies by deficiencies by deficiencies by contractor by contractor
contractor contractor
Task 2(b): Ability to propose solutions to solve the identified issues (on performance deficiencies) related to corrective action in relation to
 Demonstrate the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
corrective action as 1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25
the considerations to Lack of elaboration on Lack of elaboration on Acceptable elaboration Good elaboration on the Detail elaboration on the
improve the the proposal having the proposal with on the proposal with an proposal with an proposal with very
performance no/unacceptable solutions (propose innovative solution innovative solution innovative solutions
corrective action and corrective action related (propose corrective (Propose corrective action (Propose corrective
(CO2-PO3) (25 marks) irrelevant SDGs) and 1 issue) and less action related 2 issues) related 3 issues) and action related 4 issues
supported by relevant SDGs) and quite relevant SDGs) much relevant SDGs) and very relevant SDGs)
references or latest supported by supported by references supported by references supported by references
clause by the local references or latest or latest clause by the or latest clause by the or latest clause by the
document contract clause by the local local document contract local document contract local document contract
document contract