LEARJET 31/31A
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
TIRE - SERVICING
300300
1. Servicing of the Tires
WARNING: FAILURE TO MAINTAIN PROPER TIRE PRESSURE COULD RESULT IN FAILURE OF
THE TIRE THAT COULD RESULT IN DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT AND/OR INJURY TO
PERSONNEL.
A. General
(1) Learjet recommends to measure the cold tire pressure before the first flight of everyday.
(2) When the temperature at the landing destination is expected to decrease more than 50° F [28° C],
the tires can be serviced to the maximum cold tire service pressure.
(3) Measure the tire pressure, for take-off, after the aircraft has been on the ground for a long period of
time.
(4) Measure the tire pressure with an accurate dial-type gage.
NOTE: Let the tires cool for at least 2 hours before you measure the tire pressure. The
pressure indications can be incorrect if measured before the tires have cooled.
(5) Tire pressures are affected by temperature. Tire pressures must be measured when the tires are
at ambient temperature. An ambient temperature change of 5° F [2.75° C] will change the tire
pressure by 1%. Temperature/pressure changes must be kept in mind particularly when the
aircraft is parked in a hot hangar and is rolled onto a cold runway.
(6) Newly mounted tires will lose air pressure after the initial inflation for several reasons. It is
recommended that a wheel not be installed for 12 hours after initial inflation. New tires may lose as
much as 10% pressure due to stretch. Used tires may lose as much as 5% pressure due to
sidewall diffusion. After a twelve-hour period, reservice tire to specified operating pressure.
(7) Tire loading (not jacked) is an important factor to consider when checking tire air pressure. When a
tire is not jacked, the internal volume decreases which causes tire pressure to increase. The
pressure increase is approximately 4% when the tire is not jacked. When a tire pressure is
specified and is not defined as not-jacked or jacked, it will be considered jacked.
CAUTION: WHEN A MAIN GEAR TIRE HAS BLOWN OUT, CUT, OR PUNCTURED, WHICH
RESULTS IN THE LOSS OF PRESSURE DURING TAXI, TAKEOFF, OR LANDING,
THE ADJACENT TIRE MUST BE REMOVED AND SCRAPPED. THIS IS BECAUSE
OF THE POSSIBILITY THAT IT HAS RECEIVED LOADS MORE THAN ITS RATED
CAPACITY.
(8) The dual main gear tire pressures must be serviced to 5 psi [34.4 kPa] or less of each other. If you
do not keep the dual tire pressure as equal as possible, an overload of one tire more than its rated
capacity can occur.
(9) Tires are to be serviced using only dry nitrogen.
(10) When you measure tire pressure or inflating tires in very cold climates, put the aircraft in a hangar
and let the tires and valve stems warm up. This will keep the valve stem from freezing and prevent
leaks through the valve core. In this condition, tire pressure can be increased to compensate for
the temperature/pressure drop which will occur when the aircraft is moved outside.
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(11) When the tire pressure decrease below the recommended cold tire pressures, servicing can be
required. It is recommended that tires be measured at the cold pressure settings. (See Table 301.)
RECOMMENDED
COLD TIRE “IN SERVICE” PRESSURE
JACKED NOT JACKED RECOMMENDED ACTION
Nose Wheel Tire 100 to 110 psig 104 to 114 psig None - Normal cold tire operating
[689 to 758 kPa] [717 to 785 kPa] pressure range.
95 to 99 psig 99 to 103 psig Inflate tire to specified service pressure.
[655 to 682 kPa] [683 to 709 kPa]
90 to 94 psig 94 to 98 psig Inspect tire/wheel assembly for cause of
[621 to 647 kPa] [648 to 675 kPa] pressure loss. (See note 2.)
89 psig or Less 93 or Less psig Remove tire/wheel assembly from
[613 or Less kPa] [641 or Less kPa] aircraft. (See note 3.)
Main Wheel Tires 130 to 140 psig 135 to 145 psig None - Normal cold tire operating
(Aircraft Certified [896 to 964 kPa] [931 to 999 kPa] pressure range.
for GTOW of 124 to 129 psig 128 to 134 psig Inflate tire to specified service pressure.
15,500 pounds) [855 to 888 kPa] [882 to 923 kPa]
117 to 123 psig 122 to 127 psig Inspect tire/wheel assembly for cause of
[807 to 847 kPa] [841 to 875 kPa] pressure loss. (See note 2.)
104 to 116 psig 108 to 121 psig Remove tire/wheel assembly from
[717 to 799 kPa] [745 to 833 kPa] aircraft. (See note 3.)
103 psig or Less 107 psig or Less Remove both tire/wheel assemblies from
[710 kPa or less] [738 kPa or less] aircraft. (See note 3.)
NOTES:
1. “In Service” refers to tires that are currently being used for taxiing, takeoffs, and landings.
2. Inflate and record in aircraft log book. Remove tire/wheel assembly if pressure loss is greater than 5% and reoccurs
within 24 hours.
3. Tire(s) which have remained static during a loss of pressure may be inflated to the specified service pressure and
returned to service. Tire(s) that have been rolled or taxied at this pressure (except for ramping) must be scrapped.
Tire Pressure Settings
Table 301 (Sheet 1 of 4)
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RECOMMENDED
COLD TIRE “IN SERVICE” PRESSURE
JACKED NOT JACKED RECOMMENDED ACTION
Main Wheel Tires 135 to 145 psig 140 to 150 psig None - Normal cold tire operating
(Aircraft Certified [931 to 999 kPa] [965 to 1033 kPa] pressure range.
for GTOW of 129 to 134 psig 133 to 139 psig Inflate tire to specified service pressure.
16,500 pounds) [899 to 923 kPa] [917 to 957 kPa]
122 to 128 psig 126 to 132 psig Inspect tire/wheel assembly for cause of
[841 to 881 kPa] [869 to 909 kPa] pressure loss. (See note 2.)
108 to 121 psig 122 to 125 psig Remove tire/wheel assembly from
[745 to 833 kPa] [772 to 861 kPa] aircraft. (See note 3.)
107 psig or Less 111 psig or Less Remove both tire/wheel assemblies from
[738 kPa or less] [765 kPa or less] aircraft. (See note 3.)
Main Wheel Tires 144 to 154 psig 150 to 160 psig None - Normal cold tire operating
(Aircraft Certified [993 to 1061 kPa] [1034 to 1102 kPa] pressure range.
for GTOW of 137 to 143 psig 143 to 149 psig Inflate tire to specified service pressure.
17,000 pounds) [944 to 985 kPa] [986 to 1026 kPa]
130 to 136 psig 135 to 142 psig Inspect tire/wheel assembly for cause of
[896 to 937 kPa] [931 to 978 kPa] pressure loss. (See note 2.)
116 to 129 psig 120 to 134 psig Remove tire/wheel assembly from
[800 to 889 kPa] [827 to 923 kPa] aircraft. (See note 3.)
115 psig or Less 119 psig or Less Remove both tire/wheel assemblies from
[793 kPa or less] [820 kPa or less] aircraft. (See note 3.)
NOTES:
1. “In Service” refers to tires that are currently being used for taxiing, takeoffs, and landings.
2. Inflate and record in aircraft log book. Remove tire/wheel assembly if pressure loss is greater than 5% and reoccurs
within 24 hours.
3. Tire(s) which have remained static during a loss of pressure may be inflated to the specified service pressure and
returned to service. Tire(s) that have been rolled or taxied at this pressure (except for ramping) must be scrapped.
Tire Pressure Settings
Table 301 (Sheet 2 of 4)
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RECOMMENDED
COLD TIRE “IN SERVICE” PRESSURE
JACKED NOT JACKED RECOMMENDED ACTION
Main Wheel Tires 150 to 160 psig 155 to 165 psig None - Normal cold tire operating
(Aircraft Certified [1034 to 1102 kPa] [1068 to 1136 kPa] pressure range.
for GTOW of 143 to 149 psig 148 to 154 psig Inflate tire to specified service pressure.
17,700 pounds [986 to 1026 kPa] [1020 to 1061 kPa]
and 31-035 and
135 to 142 psig 140 to 147 psig Inspect tire/wheel assembly for cause of
Subsequent [931 to 978 kPa] [965 to 1012 kPa] pressure loss. (See note 2.)
Modified per SB
31-8-2) 120 to 134 psig 124 to 139 psig Remove tire/wheel assembly from
[827 to 923 kPa] [855 to 957 kPa] aircraft. (See note 3.)
119 psig or Less 123 psig or Less Remove both tire/wheel assemblies from
[820 kPa or less] [848 kPa or less] aircraft. (See note 3.)
Main Wheel Tires 130 to 140 psig 139 to 146 psig None - Normal cold tire operating
(Aircraft Certified [896 to 964 kPa] [958 to 1005 kPa] pressure range.
for GTOW of 124 to 129 psig 130 to 138 psig Inflate tire to specified service pressure.
15,500 pounds [855 to 888 kPa] [896 to 951 kPa]
and Modified per
117 to 123 psig 123 to 129 psig Inspect tire/wheel assembly for cause of
SB-31-32-13 [807 to 847 kPa] [848 to 889 kPa] pressure loss. (See note 2.)
[14-Ply Tires])
104 to 116 psig 109 to 122 psig Remove tire/wheel assembly from
[717 to 799 kPa] [752 to 840 kPa] aircraft. (See note 3.)
103 psig or Less 108 psig or Less Remove both tire/wheel assemblies from
[710 kPa or less] [745 kPa or less] aircraft. (See note 3.)
Main Wheel Tires 139 to 149 psig 145 to 155 psig None - Normal cold tire operating
(Aircraft Certified [958 to 1026 kPa] [1000 to 1068 kPa] pressure range.
for TOGW of 133 to 144 psig 138 to 144 psig Inflate tire to specified service pressure.
16,500 pounds [917 to 951 kPa] [951 to 992 kPa]
and Modified per
126 to 132 psig 131 to 137 psig Inspect tire/wheel assembly for cause of
SB31-32-13 [14- [869 to 909 kPa] [903 to 944 kPa] pressure loss. (See note 2.)
Ply Tires])
112 to 125 psig 116 to 130 psig Remove tire/wheel assembly from
[772 to 861 kPa] [800 to 896 kPa] aircraft. (See note 3.)
111 psig or Less 115 psig or Less Remove both tire/wheel assemblies from
[765 kPa or less] [793 kPa or less] aircraft. (See note 3.)
NOTES:
1. “In Service” refers to tires that are currently being used for taxiing, takeoffs, and landings.
2. Inflate and record in aircraft log book. Remove tire/wheel assembly if pressure loss is greater than 5% and reoccurs
within 24 hours.
3. Tire(s) which have remained static during a loss of pressure may be inflated to the specified service pressure and
returned to service. Tire(s) that have been rolled or taxied at this pressure (except for ramping) must be scrapped.
Tire Pressure Settings
Table 301 (Sheet 3 of 4)
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RECOMMENDED
COLD TIRE “IN SERVICE” PRESSURE
JACKED NOT JACKED RECOMMENDED ACTION
Main Wheel Tires 144 to 154 psig 150 to 160 psig None - Normal cold tire operating
(Aircraft Certified [993 to 1061 kPa] [1034 to 1102 kPa] pressure range.
for TOGW of 137 to 143 psig 143 to 149 psig Inflate tire to specified service pressure.
17,000 pounds [944 to 985 kPa] [986 to 1026 kPa]
and Modified per
130 to 136 psig 135 to 142 psig Inspect tire/wheel assembly for cause of
SB31-32-13 [896 to 937 kPa] [931 to 978 kPa] pressure loss. (See note 2.)
[14-Ply Tires])
116 to 129 psig 120 to 134 psig Remove tire/wheel assembly from
[800 to 889 kPa] [827 to 923 kPa] aircraft. (See note 3.)
115 psig or Less 119 psig or Less Remove both tire/wheel assemblies from
[793 kPa or less] [820 kPa or less] aircraft. (See note 3.)
Main Wheel Tires 147 to 157 psig 154 to 164 psig None - Normal cold tire operating
(Aircraft Certified [1013 to 1082 kPa] [1062 to 1130 kPa] pressure range.
for TOGW of 140 to 146 psig 146 to 153 psig Inflate tire to specified service pressure.
17,700 pounds, [965 to 1006 kPa] [1006 to 1130 kPa]
31-035 and Sub-
133 to 139 psig 139 to 145 psig Inspect tire/wheel assembly for cause of
sequent Modified [917 to 958 kPa] [958 to 999 kPa] pressure loss. (See note 2.)
per SB 31-8-2,
and Aircraft Modi- 118 to 132 psig 124 to 138 psig Remove tire/wheel assembly from
[814 to 909 kPa] [855 to 950 kPa] aircraft. (See note 3.)
fied per SB31-32-
13 [14-Ply Tires]) 117 psig or Less 123 psig or Less Remove both tire/wheel assemblies from
[807 kPa or less] [848 kPa or less] aircraft. (See note 3.)
NOTES:
1. “In Service” refers to tires that are currently being used for taxiing, takeoffs, and landings.
2. Inflate and record in aircraft log book. Remove tire/wheel assembly if pressure loss is greater than 5% and reoccurs
within 24 hours.
3. Tire(s) which have remained static during a loss of pressure may be inflated to the specified service pressure and
returned to service. Tire(s) that have been rolled or taxied at this pressure (except for ramping) must be scrapped.
Tire Pressure Settings
Table 301 (Sheet 4 of 4)
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(12) Inspect the valve core for leaks before you install the valve cap.
(13) Tire pressure over servicing limitations:
CAUTION: USE CAUTION WHEN YOU USE DRY NITROGEN GAS. A SERVICE BOTTLE
REGULATOR AND A TIRE PRESSURE GAGE MUST BE USED DURING THE
TIRE SERVICING.
(a) An over serviced nose tire can be serviced back to the recommended specifications as long as
the tire pressure was not more than 200 psi [1378.52 kPa].
(b) An over serviced main tire can be serviced back to the recommended specifications as long as
the tire pressures was not more than 300 psi [2067.78 kPa].
(c) Tires that have been serviced more than the pressure limitations must be replaced and the
wheels inspected.
(d) An over serviced nose and/or main tire must be inspected for cuts if the tire is thought to have
been in operation (landing and/or taxi).
(14) Contamination such as oil, hydraulic fluid, grease, tar, and degreasing agents have a deteriorating
effect on the tires. Clean the contamination from the tire with a clean cloth moist with isopropyl
alcohol and wash the tire with soap and water immediately.
(15) The tires can be damaged by sunlight and very bad weather conditions. Weather checking does
not decrease the performance unless the you can see the plies.
(16) Important inflation practices and tips are as follows:
(a) Measure cold tire pressure before the first flight of each day or every 10 days on in service
tires which are not in use.
(b) Inflate to the worst conditions.
(c) Increase tire pressure by 4% for tires under a not-jacked condition. (See Table 301.)
(d) After a tire is put on the wheel let the tire stand for a 12 hour period. Service the tire for storage
or service as necessary.
(e) Do not decrease the pressure of a hot tire.
(f) Service pressure in the main tires must be the same ±5 psig [34.4 kPa].
(g) Calibrate the inflation gages regularly.
(17) Do not under-inflate a tire. An under-inflated tire generally cannot be detected visually.
(18) Do not examine cuts with sharp objects or attempt to remove an embedded objects while the tire is
inflated.
(19) Ramping is the practice when one of the two tire is put on a platform (or equivalent) to change the
adjacent tire. The undamaged aircraft tire must be inflated correctly before you do the ramping
procedures.
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B. Servicing of the Nose Gear Tire
(1) Get necessary tools and equipment.
NOTE: You can use equivalent alternatives for these items.
NAME PART NUMBER MANUFACTURER USE
Dial-type Tire Gage Commercially Available Measure the nose gear tire
(Minimum of 300 psi [2067 pressure
kPa])
Nitrogen MIL-N-6011 Commercially Available Service the nose gear tire
Shrader Tire Deflator 4277 Commercially Available Deflate the tire
Tire Inflation Cage 3170030 Learjet Inc., Tire inflation protection
Wichita, KS
WARNING: SERVICE OF TIRE/WHEEL ASSEMBLIES MUST BE DONE WITH INFLATION
EQUIPMENT THAT IS MADE FOR THIS FUNCTION.
IF NECESSARY, THE TIRE/WHEEL ASSEMBLY CAN BE INSTALLED ON THE
AXLE WITH THE AXLE NUT TORQUED AND SAFETIED BEFORE YOU INFLATE
THE TIRE.
(2) Remove the air valve cap.
(3) Measure the tire pressure.
(4) Inflate the nose gear tire with nitrogen. (See Table 301.)
(5) Make sure that the valve core does not leak.
(6) Install the air valve cap.
C. Servicing of the Main Gear Tires
(1) Get necessary tools and equipment.
NOTE: You can use equivalent alternatives for these items.
NAME PART NUMBER MANUFACTURER USE
Dial-Type Tire Gage Commercially Available Measure the main gear tire
(Capable of 350 psi pressure
[2411.5 kPa])
Nitrogen MIL-N-6011 Commercially Available Service the main gear tire
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NAME PART NUMBER MANUFACTURER USE
Shrader Tire Deflator 4277 Commercially Available Deflate the tire
Tire Inflation Cage 3170030 Learjet Inc., Tire inflation protection
Wichita, KS
WARNING: SERVICING OF THE TIRE/WHEEL ASSEMBLIES MUST BE DONE WITH
INFLATION EQUIPMENT THAT IS MADE FOR THIS FUNCTION.
IF NECESSARY, THE TIRE/WHEEL ASSEMBLY CAN BE INSTALLED ON THE
AXLE WITH THE AXLE NUT TORQUED AND SAFETIED BEFORE YOU INFLATE
THE TIRE.
(2) Remove the air valve cap.
(3) Measure the tire pressure.
(4) Inflate the main gear tires with nitrogen. (See Table 301.)
(5) Make sure that the valve core does not leak.
(6) Install the air valve cap.
D. Servicing of the Tires for Storage
(1) Get necessary tools and equipment.
NOTE: You can use equivalent alternatives for these items.
NAME PART NUMBER MANUFACTURER USE
Dial-Type Tire Gage Commercially Available Measure the tire
(Minimum of 240 psi pressure
[1655 kPa])
Nitrogen MIL-N-6011 Commercially Available Service the tire
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WARNING: PUT THE TIRE/WHEEL ASSEMBLY IN AN INFLATION CAGE FOR INITIAL
INFLATION. THE TIRE AND/OR WHEEL CAN COME APART WITH EXPLOSIVE
FORCE AND CAUSE INJURY TO PERSONS IF THE TIRE IS OVERINFLATED.
DO NOT REMOVE THE TIRE FROM THE INFLATION CAGE BEFORE YOU
REDUCE THE PRESSURE TO THE STORAGE VALUE. IF YOU DO NOT DO THIS,
YOU CAN CAUSE INJURY TO PERSONS.
DO NOT INFLATE THE TIRE BEFORE IT IS INSTALLED ON THE AIRCRAFT. THE
TIRE CAN SEPARATE WITH AN EXPLOSIVE FORCE AND CAUSE INJURY TO
PERSONS.
CAUTION: MOUNTED TIRES THAT HAVE BEEN STORED FOR AN EXTENDED PERIOD,
MAKE SURE THAT THE TIRE IS STILL AT THE STORAGE PRESSURE.
DO NOT STORE TIRES AT SERVICE INFLATION PRESSURE. THIS CAN CAUSE
DAMAGE TO THE TIRE. STORAGE PRESSURE MUST BE 40 (±5) PSI
[275.8 (±34) KPA].
(2) Remove the air valve cap.
(3) Put the tire/wheel assembly in the inflation cage.
(4) Deflate the tire to 40 (±5) psi [275.8 (±34) kPa] for storage.
(5) If Necessary, use dry nitrogen to inflate the tire to 40 (±5) psi [275.8 (±34) kPa] for storage.
(6) Make sure the valve core does not leak.
(7) Install the air valve cap.
(8) Attach a label to the main wheel with the pressure (40 (±5) psi [275.8 (±34) kPa] for storage) writ-
ten on it.
(9) Let the tire set for the 12 hour stretch period before you put the tire in storage.
E. New Tire Stretch Period
NOTE: A new tire will lose as much as 10% pressure because of stretch.
(1) Inflate a newly mounted tire to correct pressure for a minimum of 12 hours.
(2) Measure the tire pressure and adjust it accordingly for storage or service. Document the 12 hour
stretch period.
NOTE: It is recommended that tire be out of service during the 12 hour stretch period. If a
newly mounted tire must be put in service, the alternate tire stretch procedure that
follows is recommended by Goodyear. (Refer to Goodyear Service Bulletin, GY SB
98-32-007, dated November 17, 1998.)
(3) Alternate tire stretching procedure is as follows:
(a) Tires that must be put in service without being inflated a minimum of 12 hours must be inflated
to 105% of the jacked pressure.
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(b) Spray the tire/wheel valve assembly with a soap solution to make sure that it does not leak. If
there is no leakage, the tire can be put in service.
(c) Make an entry in the aircraft log that the tire pressure must be measured after 12 hours.
(d) After 12 hours in service, measure the tire pressure and, if necessary, inflate to the correct
pressure.
2. Inspection/Check
A. Tire Wear Limit Check
WARNING: DO NOT USE RECAPPED TIRES. RECAPPED TIRES CAN COME APART
DURING LANDING. THIS CAN CAUSE INJURY TO PERSONNEL AND DAMAGE
TO THE AIRCRAFT.
DO NOT PROBE CUTS OR EMBEDDED OBJECTS WITH THE TIRE INFLATED.
THE OBJECT CAN BE EJECTED AT HIGH VELOCITY AND CAUSE INJURY TO
PERSONNEL.
(1) Nose and main gear tires must be replaced if a condition that follows is found:
(a) Skid - An oval-shaped flat spot or skid burn in the tread which may extend to or into the fabric
plies. Replace the tire if an unbalance results or if the fabric piles show.
(b) Tread Rubber Reversion - An oval-shaped area in the tread similar to a skid, but where rubber
shows burning due to hydroplaning during landing. Replace the tire if unbalance results.
(c) Cuts into the fabric at any location. Cuts that extend across more than 50% of the rib with any
of the conditions that follow:
1) Maximum cut of 0.0625 inch [1.59 mm] with 0.0 to 0.125 inch [0.0 to 3.17 mm] tread
remaining.
2) Maximum cut of 0.125 inch [3.17 mm] with 0.126 to 0.250 inch [3.18 to 6.35 mm] tread
remaining.
3) Maximum cut of 0.1875 inch [4.76 mm] with 0.251 to 0.375 inch [6.36 to 9.52 mm] tread
remaining.
4) Maximum cut of 0.250 inch [6.35 mm] with 0.376 to 0.500 inch [9.53 to 12.7 mm] tread
remaining.
5) Cuts more than 0.250 inch [6.35 mm].
(d) Open Tread Splice - An opening of the biased tread splice across one or more tread ribs.
(e) Tread Chunking - A pock mark condition in the wearing portion of tread. Replace the tire if
fabric can be seen.
(f) Tread Separation - An area of separation or void between the components in the tread area
due to loss of adhesion. Bulges in any part of the tire tread, sidewall, or bead areas that
indicate separation or damage.
(g) Blister - A void within the tread or sidewall rubber. Replace the tire if the blister is caused by
delamination.
(h) Chevron Cutting - Tread damage. Replace if chunking to fabric occurs.
(i) Peeled Rib - A circumferential delamination of a tread rib to tread fabric ply. Replace the tire if
fabric can be seen.
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(j) Thrown Tread - A partial or complete loss of tread down to the tread fabric ply, undertread
layer, or carcass plies.
(k) Groove Cracking - A circumferential cracking at the base of a tread groove.
(l) Rib Undercutting - An extension of groove cracking progressing under a tread rib.
(m) Cut or Snag - Penetration by a unwanted object. Replace the tire if sidewall injury extends into
the fabric.
(n) Ozone or Weather Checking/Cracking - Random pattern of shallow sidewall cracks. Replace
the tire if cracks or cut is deeper than one ply.
(o) Radial or Circumferential Cracks - Cracking condition in the sidewall/shoulder area. Replace
the tire if deeper than one ply.
(p) Sidewall Separation - Bulges in any part of the sidewall or bead area that indicates separation
or damage.
(q) Brake Heat Damage - A deterioration of the bead from toe to wheel flange area; minor to
severe blistering of rubber in this area; melted or solidified nylon fabric if temperatures were
very high; or hard, brittle surface rubber.
(r) Kinked Bead - Deformation of the bead wire in the bead toe, face, or heel area.
(s) Inner Tire Breakdown - Deterioration in the shoulder area, identified by distorted, wrinkled
rubber of tire inner liner.
(t) Impact Brake - Rupture of the tire carcass in the tread or sidewall area.
(u) Wear - If the cords show at any location. The tire must be monitored for cords that show when
the tire wear gets to the bottom of any groove.
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