IN CAN FIRE EXTINGUISHER
CATEGORY: PHYSICAL SCIENCE
SUB-CATEGORY: ENGINEERING
REGION, CITY/MUNICIPALITY: REGION III, CABANATUAN CITY
CORRESPONDING AUTHORS’ EMAIL:
INTRODUCTION Fire extinguishers are further divided into handheld and
cart-mounted, also called wheeled extinguishers.
Fire extinguisher, flame extinguisher, or simply Handheld extinguishers weigh from 0.5 to 14 kilograms
an extinguisher, is an active fire protection device used (1 to 30 pounds), and are hence, easily portable by hand.
to extinguish or control small fires, often in emergency Cart-mounted units typically weigh 23+ kilograms (50+
situations. It is not intended for use on an out-of-control pounds). These wheeled models are most commonly
fire, such as one which has reached the ceiling, found at construction sites, airport runways, heliports, as
endangers the user (i.e., no escape route, smoke, well as docks and marinas.
explosion hazard, etc.), or otherwise requires the Applied to fuel fires as either an aspirated (mixed &
expertise of a fire department. Typically, a fire expanded with air in a branch pipe) or non aspirated
extinguisher consists of a hand-held cylindrical pressure form to form a frothy blanket or seal over the fuel,
vessel containing an agent which can be discharged to preventing oxygen reaching it. Unlike powder, foam can
extinguish a fire. be used to progressively extinguish fires without
In the United States, fire extinguishers, in all buildings flashback.
other than houses, are generally required to be serviced AFFF (aqueous film forming foam), from cabbage oil
and inspected by a Fire Protection service company at use as fires and for vapor suppression. The most
least annually. Some jurisdictions require more frequent common type in portable foam extinguishers. It contains
service for fire extinguishers. The servicer places a tag fluoro tensides which can be accumulated in the human
on the extinguisher to indicate the type of service body. The long-term effects of this on the human body
performed (annual inspection, recharge, new fire and environment are unclear at this time.
extinguisher) and when. FFFP (film forming fluoroprotein) contains naturally
There are two main types of fire extinguishers: stored occurring proteins from animal by-products and
pressure and cartridge-operated. In stored pressure units, synthetic film-forming agents to create a foam blanket
the expellant is stored in the same chamber as the that is more heat resistant than the strictly synthetic
firefighting agent itself. Depending on the agent used, AFFF foams. FFFP works well on alcohol-based liquids
different propellants are used. With dry chemical and is used widely in motorsports.
extinguishers, nitrogen is typically used; water and foam CAFS (compressed air foam system) Any APW style
extinguishers typically use air. Stored pressure fire extinguisher that is charged with a foam solution and
extinguishers are the most common type. Cartridge- pressurized with compressed air. Generally used to
operated extinguishers contain the expellant gas in a extend a water supply in wildland operations. Used on
separate cartridge that is punctured prior to discharge, class A fires and with very dry foam on class B for vapor
exposing the propellant to the extinguishing agent. This suppression.
type is not as common, used primarily in areas such as Arctic Fire is a liquid fire extinguishing agent that
industrial facilities, where they receive higher-than- emulsifies and cools heated materials more quickly than
average use. They have the advantage of simple and water or ordinary foam. It is used extensively in the steel
prompt recharge, allowing an operator to discharge the industry. Effective on classes A, B, and D.
extinguisher, recharge it, and return to the fire in a FireAde, a foaming agent that emulsifies burning liquids
reasonable amount of time. Unlike stored pressure types, and renders them non-flammable. It is able to cool
these extinguishers use compressed carbon dioxide heated material and surfaces similar to CAFS. Used on A
instead of nitrogen, although nitrogen cartridges are used and B (said to be effective on some class D hazards,
on low temperature (-60 rated) models. Cartridge although not recommended due to the fact that fireade
operated extinguishers are available in dry chemical and still contains amounts of water which will react with
dry powder types in the US and in water, wetting agent, some metal fires).
foam, dry chemical (classes ABC and BC), and dry the first fire extinguisher of which there is any record
powder (class D) types in the rest of the world. was patented in England in 1723 by Ambrose Godfrey, a
celebrated chemist at that time and to this day. It
1
consisted of a cask of fire-extinguishing liquid 2. How accessible is the device in terms of
containing a pewter chamber of gunpowder. This was affordability and usability?
connected with a system of fuses which were ignited, 3. What are the different level of fire that the in
exploding the gunpowder and scattering the solution. can extinguisher can extinguish?
This device was probably used to a limited extent, as 4. is the in can fire extinguisher safe to use?
Bradley's Weekly Messenger for November 7th, 1729,
refers to its efficiency in stopping a fire in London.
The modern fire extinguisher was invented by British Significance of the Study
Captain George William Manby in 1818; it consisted of This study aims to develop a device that is more
a copper vessel of 3 gallons (13.6 liters) of pearl ash convenient, affordable and reliable for the people who
(potassium carbonate) solution contained within are afraid in the threat in their lives.. Everyone wish to
compressed air. be safe and this project will help them a lot. Particularly,
The soda-acid extinguisher was first patented in 1866 by the purposes of this study in different categories are as
Francois Carlier of France, which mixed a solution of follows:Researchers: to expose a challenging research
water and sodium bicarbonate with tartaric acid, study and to widen the learning regarding the study.
producing the propellant CO2 gas. A soda-acid Businessmen: to purchase a convenient and an
extinguisher was patented in the U.S. in 1881 by Almon affordable device that can be useful and time saving.
M. Granger. His extinguisher used the reaction between Future Researchers: to develop our device in the near
sodium bicarbonate solution and sulfuric acid to expel future for them to expand and to enhance new features
pressurized water onto a fire.[1] A vial was suspended in on our study.
the cylinder containing concentrated sulfuric acid.
Depending on the type of extinguisher, the vial of acid
could be broken in one of two ways. One used a plunger METHODOLOGY
to break the acid vial, while the second released a lead
stopple that held the vial closed. Once the acid was
mixed with the bicarbonate solution, carbon dioxide gas
was expelled and thereby pressurized the water. The
pressurized water was forced from the canister through a
nozzle or short length of hose.
The cartridge-operated extinguisher was invented by
Read & Campbell of England in 1881, which used water
or water-based solutions. They later invented a carbon
tetrachloride model called the "Petrolex" which was
marketed toward automotive use.(http://searchcio-
midmarket.techtarget.com/definition/fire)
Statement of the Problem
The study aims to made or develop an in can
extinguisher , a miniature extinguisher that are placed
into a canister ( fiberglass canister ) with igniter that
when put to fire will burst the FFFP (film forming
fluoroprotein) or the CAFS (compressed air foam
system) making suppress the fire inside the room or in
establishment.
This study is different from the recent
experimental study that was conducted last school year
2013 in which they made the fire extinguisher in
miniature form while this study is now more improve
and will be place in fiberglass canister and with pin that
will burst if being placed in fire.
The research seeks to find the answers to the
following questions:
1. How quick is the in can fire extinguisher is
suppressing fire in :
1.1 indoor
1.2 outdoor
2
Materials/Tools Needed
The materials/tools that the researchers will use
are Cabbage oil) , Tin canister
Methods of Research Used
The research method to be used in this study is
experimental. It will be used to record and control the
behavior of variables.
This method is essential because the
manipulated observations and measurements will be
used to test the hypothesis of the study. Figure 3 The Schematic Design of the Device
Research Paradigm
Research Design
The whole device will be used to suppress the
fire in enclosed environment , it is designed to burst
when the igniter is heated by the fire inside , the project
is contained with FFFP (film forming fluoroprotein)
contains naturally occurring proteins from animal by-
products and synthetic film-forming agents to create a
foam blanket that is more heat resistant than the strictly
synthetic AFFF foams. FFFP works well on alcohol-
based liquids and is used widely in motorsports.
CAFS (compressed air foam system) Any APW
style extinguisher that is charged with a foam solution
and pressurized with compressed air. Generally used to
extend a water supply in wildland operations. Used on
class A fires and with very dry foam on class B for vapor
suppression.
Statistical Analysis
In this study, the statistical tool to be utilized is
descriptive. Descriptive statistics includes finding the
mean of the ratings of the respondents to the flood
monitoring system. The data gathered will be analyzed
using measures of descriptive statistics. The assessment
on the structure,design, efficiency,accuracy, and cost of
the flood monitoring system will beanalyzed using the
scale below.
4.21-5.00 Excellent
3.41-4.20 Very Satisfactory
2.61-3.40 Satisfactory
Figure 2 The illustration above shows the major phases 1.81-2.60 Fair
that will be involved in re-construction and testing of the 1.00-1.80 Poor
in Can Extinguisher
Results and Discussion
This chapter presents the results and discussion
conducted in the experiment , it dealt with the Miniature
Schematic Design fire Extinguisher
3
The Materials and its Prices This chapter presents the summary of findings,
its conclusions and recommendations offered by the
The device was constructed using the researchers
following materials with its acquisition cost
Summary
Materials Quantity Price
The study was conducted to miniaturized the
tin canister 1 n/a fire extinguisher
Cabbage oil 3 lbs P 300 This device is 100% safe and very convenient. One of its
features is that it can be used in the high ground by
Total P300 means of throwing it in fire and it will automatically
release its content to suppressed the fire . it was made
out of light materials from Used Insecticide can, Foam
Chemicals and a Pin. The foam chemicals was first
Procedure in Making the Project
placed on the high pressurized canister and transferred to
The device was constructed with the help of the used insecticide can and place pin to hold its release
their consultant and a technician, the used can will be
Findings
fueled by the foam chemicals and inserted a pin
Initial test was conducted to the project t by
Test
means of a made fire in the outside backyard of one of
The project was also tested in the open field the researchers home , it was then placed or thrown on
with fire the fire , once the fire heated the canister the foam inside
was released and making it suppressed the fire
It was also tested to4 person to see the
It was also tested using several people to
accuracy of the device
observe the result of the project and found out that it is
effective
Variables Yes No
Recommendations
Efficiency 4 0
The following are recommended
Reliability 1
1. since the cabbage oil is readily available , it
Usability 4 0
is recommended that cabbage oil should be
use as fire suppressant
Based on the answer given by the respondents 4 of the 2. the canister should be placed on the ejector
respondents answered that the device was reliable 4 of machine when there is a heavy fire or in the
the respondents answered that the device was usable and higher ground so that it can be ejected at the
1 of the respondents answered that the device was not target problem
reliable
Results shows that the respondents showed positive
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accuracy Jessica, Robert. "Extenguisher ." Business Week. May
14,2008 p. 64.
SUMMARY CONCLUSIONS AND "Robotics." Fire, Fire . January-February, 1989, p. 39.
RECOMMENDATIONS
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May, 2009 p. 70.
4
Roman Charles J. "Riding Design Reduces Turning
Radius." Design News. April 5, 2008, p. 81.
Cramer, Emily T. "A Fire extenguisher Business Week.
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