TERM 2 - 2023

AGRICULTURE

PAPER 2

FORM FOUR (4)

Time: 2Hours

Name: …………………………………………………………. Adm No: ……………….

School: ……………………………………………………….. Class: …………………..

Signature: …………………………………………………….. Date: …………………...

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:

● Write your name and index number in the spaces provided.

● Sign and write the date in the spaces provided above

● This paper consists of three section A, B and C

● Answer all the questions in section A and B

● Answer any two questions in section C.

● Answers should be written in the spaces provided in this booklet.

For Examiner’s Use Only:

SECTION QUESTIONS MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATES SCORE
A 30
B 20
C 20
20
TOTAL 90

This paper consists of 9 printed pages. Candidates should check to ascertain that all papers are
printed as indicated and that no questions are missing

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 SECTION A (30MARKS) Answer all questions in this section

1. Name four dairy cattle breeds reared in Kenya. (2mks)

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2. Give four reasons for castrating male goats. (2mks)

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3. Give two parasites of cattle which are also disease vectors (1mk)
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4. List two possible causes of over heating in a tractor engine (1mk)

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5. Mention the use of the following tools. (2mks)

i) Dibber………………………………………………………………………………………….
ii) Spokeshave …………………………………………………………………………………...
iii) Tinsnips……………………………………………………………………………………….
iv) Burdizzo ………………………………………………………………………………………

6. State the importance of the following in livestock nutrition:

i) Water (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Vitamin A (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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7. State four management practices that should be carried on a fish pond in order to obtain
maximum fish production.
(2mks) ………………………………………………………………………………………
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8.a) State two reasons for washing the udder of a cow with warm water before milking. (1mk)

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b) Name the hormone that causes each of the following in dairy cows:.
i) milk let down. …………………………………………………………………… (1mk)
ii) lactogenesis …………………………………………………………………… (1mk)

9. Differentiate between ‘breed’ of animal and ‘type’ of animal. (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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10. Name two livestock diseases that are spread through natural mating. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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11. Name the compartment of the ruminant stomach where microbial digestion takes place. (1mk)
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12. List four precautions that should be taken when using workshop tools and equipment. (2mks)
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13. State four methods of increasing the depth of penetration of a disc harrow. (2mks)
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14. List four factors considered when formulating livestock ration. (2mks)
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15. State four conditions that necessitate the handling of farm animals (2mks)
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16. State four abnormalities of eggs that can be detected during egg candling. (2mks)
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17. List two events occur during induction stroke in a four stroke engine .(1mk)
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 SECTION B (20MARKS)
Answer allthe questions in this section.
18.i) the diagram below shows a tractor drawn implement.

a) Name the implement…………………………………………………………………. (1mk)

b) Give two uses of the implement above (2mks

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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c) State three maintenance practices carried out on the above implement. (3mks)
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ii) Below is an illustration of a farm equipment. Study it and answer questions that follow

a) Identify the farm equipment illustrated above (1mk)

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b) What is the use of the equipment (1mk)

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c) Name the parts labelled W, X and Y (3mks)

W……………………………………………………………………………………...
X……………………………………………………………………………………...
Y……………………………………………………………………………………..

d) What is the function of Y on the equipment (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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i) Identify the above diagram (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………

ii) Name the parts labelled A and B (2mks)

A………………………………………………………………………………
B……………………………………………………..…………………………

20. A ration containing 18% protein is to be made from maize and sunflower cake. Given
that maize contains 7% protein, and sunflower seed cake 34% protein. Use Pearson square
method to calculate the value of feedstuffs to be used to prepare 100kgs of the feed (3mks)

ii) A part from Pearson square method, name two other methods that can be used to formulate
feed ration (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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16SECTION C (40MARKS)
Answer any two questions in this section in the spaces provided after question 23

21. a) Name four notifiable diseases in livestock (4mks)

b) Discuss four ways in which livestock disease are spread in the farm (4mks)
c) Describe the methods of controlling livestock disease giving an example of different disease
in each case (12mks)

22. a) Describe the management of day old chicks in a deep litter system from preparation of
brooder up to eight (8) weeks old (10mks)

(b) Describe Coccidiosis disease under the following sub- headings.

i. Animals attacked (2mks)

ii. Causal organism (1mk)

iii. Symptoms (4mks)

iv. Control measures (3mks)

23. a) Explain the factors that influence the power output of farm animals (8mks)
b) State the importance of farm fences (12mks)

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 AGRICULTURE
FORM 4- PP2
MARKING SCHEME

1. Name four dairy cattle breeds reared goats in Kenya.

 Ayrshire
 Friesian
 Guernsey
 Jersey (4x ½ =2mks)
2. Give four reasons for castrating male goats.
 To improve meat quality
 Quicken growth rate
 Reduce aggressiveness
 Control breeding (4x ½ =2mks)
3. Give two parasites of cattle which are also disease vectors
 Ticks
 Tsetse flies
 Mosquitoes (2x ½ =1mk)
4. List two possible causes of over heating in a tractor engine
 Slack fan belt
 Low oil level
 Low water level in radiator (2x ½ =1mk)
5. Mention the use of the following tools.
 Dibber.-making holes for transplanting
 Spoke shaves.-planning curved surface
 Tin snip.-cutting metal/iron sheets
 Burdizzo-castration (4x ½ =2mks)
6. State the importance of the following in livestock nutrition.
i) Water (1mrk)
 Transport medium
 For metabolic processes
 Regulates body temperature
 Maintains shell shape
 Component of livestock product
 Lubricant of body joints (2x ½ = 1mk)
ii) Vitamin A (1mrk)
 Bone formation
 Prevents diseases / Increases disease resistance
 Improves vision
 Improves vigour/ for proper growth. (2x ½ =1mk)
7. State four management practices that should be carried on a fish pond in order
to obtain maximum fish production.(2mrk)
 Control predators.
 Control Water pollution.
 Maintain appropriate water level.
 Maintain correct stocking rate.

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  Supply adequate food. (4x ½ =2mks
8. a) State two reasons for washing the udder of a cow with warm water before
milking.(1mk)
 Remove dirt.
 Stimulate milk letdown (2x ½ =1mk)
b) Name the hormone that causes each of the following in dairy cows.
i) Milk letdown – oxytocin
ii) Lacto genesis – Prolactin (2x ½ = 1mk )
9. Differentiate between breed of animal and type of animal. (2mk)
 Breed-group of animals with similar characteristics and common origin.
 Type –the purpose for which the animal is kept. (2x1mk = 2mks) (mark as
whole)
10. Name two livestock diseases that are spread through natural mating. (1mk)
 Vaginitis.
 Brucellosis.
 Trichomoniasis.
 Leptospirosis. (2x ½ = 1mk)
11. Name the compartment of the ruminant stomach where microbial digestion takes
place. (1mk)
 Rumen. (1x1 =1mk)
12. List four precautions that should be taken when using workshop tools and
equipment. (2mk)
 Use tools for correct purpose.
 Maintain them in good working conditions.
 Keep them safely after use.
 Handle tools correctly during use.
 Use of safety devices / protective clothes. (4x ½ = 2mks)
13. State four methods of increasing the depth of penetration of a disc harrow
(2mk)
 Exert more hydraulic force.
 Use fewer discs.
 Increase space between discs.
 Add weights.
 Increase cutting angle of discs. (4x ½ = 2mks)
14. List four factors considered when formulating livestock ration. (2mk)
 Body weight / size
 Available feeds
 Cost of feeds
 Nutrient composition of feeds available.
 Ingredients required in the ratio.
 Animals level of production.
 Age / stage of growth.
 Type of production. (4x ½ = 2mks)
15. State four conditions that necessitate the handling of farm animals. (2mk)
 During treatment
 When spraying or hand dressing

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  When milking
 When performing some management practices e.g. dehorning
 When inspecting animals for any signs of a disease. (4x ½ = 2mks)
16. State four abnormalities of eggs that can be detected during egg candling.
(2mk)
 Absence of yolk.
 Double / triple yolk.
 Air space in wrong position.
 Excessively large air space.
 Cracks on egg shell.
 Blood / meat spots.
 Deformed / broken yolk.
17. List two events occur during induction stroke in a four stroke engine. (1mk)
 Piston moves down from TDC
 Exhaust valve is closed
 Inlet valve is open
 Air / fuel mixture get into combustion chamber
 Piston reaches BDC. (4x ½ = 2mks)

SECTION B (20MARKS)
Answer all questions in this section

18.i) a) Name the implement.(1mk)

 Spike tooth harrow (1x1 =1 m k)
b) Give two uses of the implement above.(2mks)
 Level seed bed
 Break soil clods
 Stir soil
 Destroy weeds
 Incorporate fertilizer in the soil
 Removing trash from the field. (2x1 = 2)
c) State three maintenance practices carried out on the above implement.(3mk)
 Replace worn out parts
 Clean after work
 Tighten loose bolts and nuts
 Oil unpainted parts for storage. (3x1 = 3mks)
ii)a) Identify the farm equipment illustrated above
 Bucket pump /stir - up pump (1x1 = 1mk)
b) What is the use of the equipment?
 Spraying acaricide on livestock (1x1 =1mk)
c) Name the parts labeled W, X and Y(3mks)
 W - Nozzle
 X - Trigger
 Y - Pail /bucket
d)What is the functions of Y on the equipment (1mk)
 For holding acaricide solution during spraying. (1x1 = 1)

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19. i) Identify the above diagram (1mk)
 Artificial vagina.
ii) Name the parts labeled A and B (2mks)
 A – warm water
 B – collecting cap

20.i) A ration containing 18% protein is to be made from maize and sunflower
cake. Given
that maize contains 7% protein, and sunflower seed cake 34% protein. Use Pearson
square
methods to calculate the value of feedstuffs to be used to prepare 100kgs of the
feed (3mks)

ii) Apart from Pearson square method, name two other methods that can be used to
formulate feed ration (2mks)
 Linear programming
 Trial and error
 Graphical method. (2x1 = 2mks )

SECTION C (40MARKS)
Answer any two questions in this
section
21.a)Name four notifiable diseases in livestock (4mks)
 Lumpy skin disease
 Newcastle
 Anthrax
 African swine fever
 Rinderpest
 Rabbies (4x1 = 4 mks)
b) Discuss four ways in which livestock disease are spread in the farm (4mks)
 Ingestion of contaminated feed and water.
 By carrying agents /vectors
 Through wounds
 Through inhalation of pathogens
 By abrasion in the body
 Through contact with the disease causing organisms. (4x1 = 4mks )

c) Describe the methods of controlling livestock disease giving an example

of
different disease in each case (12mks)

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  Use of prophylactic drugs e.g. coccidiostat to control coccidiosis
 Use of antiseptics / disinfectants to maintain farm hygiene to control calf
scours
 Quarantine to control foot and mouth disease
 Isolation to control infectious diseases e.g. foul pox
 Mass slaughter to control zoonotic diseases e.g. anthrax
 Vaccination to control black quarter
 Control vectors like tsetse flies to control nagana.
 Use of healthy breeding stock / to prevent breeding diseases
 Proper nutrition to control bloat and milk fever.
 Treat sick animals to prevent spread e.g. mastitis
 Drenching /control of internal parasites like fascioliasis , ascariasis
 Keep resistant breeds e.g. zebu to control ECF
 Foot trimming to reduce occurrence of foot rot
 Proper housing to control pneumonia. (12x1 =12mks)

22. Describe the management of day old chicks in a deep litter system from
preparation
of brooder up to eight (8)weeks old (10mks)
 ensure brooder is working well 2-3days before arrival of chicks
 provide brooded with litter for warmth and moisture absorption
 provide heat source
 put wire gauze around the heat source
 make holes on the brooder to provide fresh air
 provide dim light to prevent cannibalism
 cover litter with polythene sheet or newspaper and place feeds on
them to discourage chicks from eating litter
 check the temperature at above 15cm above the floor to ensure that
the temperature is appropriate
 from 4th -6th week withdraw the heat source gradually
 feed chicks on chicks mash
 provide plenty of clean water
 vaccinate against Newcastle disease after 2-3 weeks
 keep proper records
 dust birds with insecticide to control external parasites
 at 6 weeks introduce growers mash
 isolate sick birds from healthy ewes
 remove and treat sick birds
 clean and disinfect the house
 provide greens
 remove dead chicks from the house
 provide foot bath with disinfectants (20 x1/2 mks =10mks)

(b) Describe coccidiosis disease under the following sub- headings.

(i) Animals attacked (2mks)

 Calves, poultry, lambs and young rabbits.

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 (ii) Causal organism (1mk)
 Coccidia of the Eimeriaspp

(iii) Symptoms (4mks)

 -Diarrhoea which may be whitish.
 -Dysentery or blood in the dung.
 -Birds have ruffled feathers, dull with drooping wings.
 -Animals become emaciated
 -Sudden death in birds, rabbits and kids.

(iv) Control measures (3mks)

 -Use of coccidiostats.
 -Observing hygiene.
 -Isolation in cattle.
 -overcrowding in a poultry house should be avoided.

23. a) explain the factors that influence the power output of farm animals
(8mks)
 Training
 Level of nutrition
 Harnessing animals properly
 Body weight
 Age-mature ones produce more power than young
 Handling of animals
(1 mark for each of 4 points and a mark for explanation total=8mks)

b) State the importance of farm fences (12mks)

 demarcates farm land from that of neighbours
 keeps wild animals and other intruders from entering the farm
 separates crop field from pastures facilitating mixed cropping
 used to divide pastures into paddocks facilitating controlled grazing
 controls movement of animals and people preventing formation of
unnecessary paths in the farm
 helps control spread of diseases and parasites in the farm by keeping
wild animals away
 helps isolate sick animals from the rest of the herd preventing the
spread of diseases
 enables farmer to control breeding rearing different animals in different
paddocks
 provide security to the homestead
 they have aesthetic value
 live fences act as animal feeds
 live fences act as wind breakers (1x12=12mks)

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