AGRUCULTURE PAPER 2 MARKING SCHEME 2025.

1. Name four zoonotic diseases in livestock (2mks)

 Rabies
 Anthrax
 Brucellosis
 Tuberculosis
(1/2 x 4 = 2mks)

2. State four reasons for maintaining farm tools (2mks)

 To increase durability/last long
 To prevent injury to the user
 To increase efficiency
 To prevent damage to the tool
 To reduce replacement cost
(1/2 x 4 = 2mks)

3. State four advantages of artificial rearing in calves (2mks)

 Easy to keep accurate records of milk yield
 Cow continues to produce milk even in the absence of the calf
 Allow for maintenance of high standards of hygiene during milking
 There is likelihood of farmer selling more milk
 Many calves can be reared at a time
(1/2 x 4 = 2mks)

4. State four reasons for steaming up in dairy cattle (2mks)

 To ensure birth of a healthy calf
 To build energy for parturition
 To increase and maintain high milk yields after birth
 To promote good health of the cow/mother
 To provide nutrients for maximum foetal growth

5. Fill in the table below giving the terms used in reference to animals (2mks)
Sheep Rabbit
Young one of Lamb Kindling
Manure female of Cattle Goat
Cow Nanny

6. State four effects of livestock parasite (2mks)

 Causes anaemia
 Deprive the host animal of food
 Injury and damage to tissues and organ
 Disease transmission
 Cause irritation
 Obstruction to internal organs
(1/2 x 4 = 2mks)

7. Give four signs of ill health observed in the animals skin (2mks)
 Boils/raptures
 Presence of parasites on the skin
 Starring coat/dry hair
 Excessive sweating
 Loss of hair
  Abnormal growth
 Swelling on the skin
(1/2 x 4 = 2mks)

8. State four characteristics of a broody hen (2mks)

 Continuous staying of the hen in the laying nests after laying
 The hen stop laying
 Hen becomes aggressive when approached
 Hen produces a characteristic sound when approached
 The hen plucks off feathers which she uses to prepare incubation nest
(1/2 x 4 = 2mks)

9. Identify the nutrient that is deficient in the following disorder (2mks)

i) Curled toe paralysis in chicks
Lack of B2

ii) Milk fever

Lack of calcium

iii) Piglet anaemia

Lack of iron

iv) Sway back in lambs

Lack of copper

10. State four signs of farrowing (2mks)

 Sow become restless
 Swollen/enlargement of the vulva
 Loss of appetite
 Muscles on each side of the tail slackens
 Sow collects bedding material at one corner to build nest
 Milk present in teats 24 hours before furrowing
(1/2 x 4 = 2mks)

11. Give four components of power transmission system in a tractor (2mks)

 Clutch
 Gear box
 Differential
 Final drive
(1/2 x 4 = 2mks)

12. State four factors that favour fish farming (2mks)

 Reliable source of water
 Soil with high water holding capacity/poor drainage/clay
 Gentle slope
 Soil free from stones/anthills/cracks
 Well secure place
 Easily accessible site
(1/2 x 4 = 2mks)

13. State four factors that stimulates milk let down (2mks)
 Washing the udder with warm water
 Allow the calf to suck for a while/presence of a calf
 Feeding the cow during milking
  Regular milking time
 Sound associated with milking
 Massaging the udder when washing it
(1/2 x 4 = 2mks)

14. State four symptoms of Gumboro disease in poultry (2mks)

 The glands above the vent (bursa) become swollen
 Drop in egg production
 Birds develop respiratory distress/difficult in breathing
 Low water intake by affected birds
 Loss of appetite
 Death increases in hot and high humidity conditions

15. If a cow is detected to have signs of heat at 6am on 12th May 2024, when should it be served?
(1mk)
 6 pm – 12am midnight following day/ standing heat

16. Give two categories of vitamins (1mk)

 Fat soluble vitamins
 Water soluble vitamin

SECTION B (20 MARKS)

Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided

17. Study the farm tools below and answer the questions that follow

a) Identify the farm tools CEB (3mks)

C - Pliers
E – Plumb bob
B – Marking gauge
1x3=3mks

b) State the functional difference between M and N (1mk)

M – Cutting soft branches in coffee, citrus etc
N – Cutting hard branches in coffee, citrus
1x1=1mk

c) State 2 maintenance practices carried out on tool labelled P (1mk)

 Greasing moving parts
 Replace when worn out
 Clean after work
(1/2 x 1 = 1mk)

18. The diagram J and K below shows livestock parasites

a) Identify parasite labeled J and K (2mks)
J – Tapeworm
K – Liverfluke/ bile duct
1x2=2mks

b) Name the organ in which each parasite is commonly found (1mk)

Parasite J – Small intestines/muscles
Parasite K – Liver
(1/2 x 2 = 1mk)
c) State two control measures of the parasite labeled K in livestock production
 (2mks)
 Burning infested pastures
 Routine deworming/drenching with appropriate anti-helminthics
 Draining swampy areas
 Killing the snails physically
 Use of molluscicides to control snails (2x1=2mks)
19. The illustration below shows an animal handling structure. Study it and answer the
following questions
a) Identify the structure illustrated (1mk)
Crush (1x1=1mk)

b) State two operations given to animals when confined in the above structure
(2mks)
 Milking
 Artificial insemination
 Pregnancy diagnosis
 Treating sick animal
 Dehorning
 Hoof trimming
 Vaccination
 Taking body temperature
OWTTE (2x1=2mks)

c) Name two other related structures that are used in parasite and disease
control (2mks)
 Spray race
 Dips
 Fences
(1x2=2mks)

20. Below are farm implements. Study them and answer the questions that follow
a) Identify the implements K and M (2mks)
K – Ox plough
M – Trailer
(1x2=2mks)

b) State the function of implement J and L (2mks)

J – Cut rough vegetation
L – Carrying out primary tillage/cultivation

c) State two maintenance practices carried out on part labeled F (1mk)

 Greasing the moving part
 Replace when worn out
 Replace/repair when broken
 Clean after sue
(1/2 x 2 = 1mks)
SECTION C (40 MARKS)
Answer any two questions in this section
21. a) Describe coccidiosis under the following sub headings
i) Causal organism (1mk)
Coccidia of Eimeria spp
1x1=1mk
ii) Animals attacked (2mks)
 Poultry
 Young rabbits
  Kids
 Calves

iii) Symptoms (3mks)

 Diarrhoea
 Dysentery/blood in the dung
 Animals become emaciated
 Ruffled feathers
 Dullness
 Drooping wings
 Sudden death

iv) Control (4mks)

 Use of coccidiostats
 Isolation
 Avoid wet, filthy surroundings
 Avoid common watering points
 Avoid any overcrowding in poultry houses
(1x4=4mks)
b) Describe five essentials of clean milk production (5mks)
 Healthy milking herd free from disease that can be transmitted to man and other
animals
 Clean milking cows whose udder is washed and dried thoroughly before milking
 Milkman should be free from communicable diseases; fingernails should be short and
head should be covered
 Cleaning the milking parlour after milking
 Cleaning the milking utensils and disinfecting them to avoid contamination
 Avoid feeds that taint the milk before milking, avoiding direct sunlight and utensils
traces of iron and copper
(1x5=5mks)

c) State five advantages of using artificial insemination (5mks)

 Control breeding diseases
 Control breeding/ inbreeding
 Useful research tool
 Prevent injury of small cows by heavy bulls
 Semen is not wasted
 Reduces the expenses of keeping a bull
 Semen can be kept for a long time
 Eliminates dangerous bulls
 Easy to transport
 Farmers who can not accord to keep superior bull can have their cows served cheaply
 Heavy and injured bulled can be used after collection of semen
(1x5=5mks)
22. a) Describe the strokes in a four stroke cycle petrol engine (10mks)
Induction stroke
 Piston moves downwards
 Intake/inlet valve is opened, exhaust valve closed
 Air-fuel mixture gets in the cylinder stroke – 1 mark
Activities- ½ x3 =1 ½ marks

Compression stroke
 Piston moves upwards
 Both valves are closed
 Fuel-air mixture is compressed stroke – 1 mark
 Activities- ½ x3 =1 ½ marks

Power stroke
 A spark is produced at the spark plug which ignites the fuel air mixture
 Piston is forced downwards
 Piston is forced downwards
 Both valves are closed stroke – 1 mark
Activities- ½ x3 =1 ½ marks

Exhaust stroke
 Exhaust valve opens while inlet is closed
 Piston moves upwards
 Exhaust gases are eliminated stroke – 1 mark
Activities- ½ x3 =1 ½ marks

b) State the differences between ruminants and non ruminants (5mks)

Ruminants Non-ruminants
- Chew the cud - Unable to chew cud
- Have four stomach chambers/polygastric - Have one stomach chamber/monogastric
- Regurgitate food - Unable to regurgitate food
- Have no ptyalin in saliva hence no - Have ptyalin in the saliva hence enzymatic
enzymatic digestion in the mouth digestion starts in the mouth
- Most digestion and absorption takes place - Most digestion and absorption takes place
in the rumen in the small intestine
- Have alkaline saliva due to the presence - Have neutral saliva
of ammonia - Lack micro-organisms in the stomach
- Can digest cellulose as they have micro- hence cannot digest cellulose except those
organisms in the rumen that digest that have micro-organisms in the caecum
cellulose

5x1=5mks

c) State five characteristics of good dairy cattle breed (5mks)

 Have wedge/triangular shaped body
 Have straight top line
 Have a well set apart hindquarters to allow room for the big udder
 Have lean bodies with little flesh – pin bone is visible
 Have prominent milk veins
 Have large stomach capacity
 Have large and well developed udders with large teats which are well spaces
 Are docile with mild temperament
(5x1=5mks)

23. a) Describe management of layers from point of lay to culling (10mks)

 The birds should be vaccinated against new castle and fowl typhoid every 6 months
 Enough floor space should be provided
 Providing enough roosts, feeders and waterers
 Providing 120g layers mash/bird/day
 Providing clean adequate water all the times
 Keeping litter dry
 Collecting eggs twice per day
 Hanging leaves to keep the birds busy
 Culling hens which do not lay or cannibals
  Providing adequate balanced diet
 Scattering grains/giving additional/grains at a rate of 65gm/bird per day
 Providing soluble grit or oyster shell all the times
 Keeping proper records
 Providing dim light
 Isolating and treating sick birds
 Deworming against internal parasites
 Dusting with appropriate insecticide against external parasites
 Debeaking perpetual egg eaters
(10x1=10mks)
b) Explain six factors to consider when sitting farm structures (6mks)
 Homestead should be located where it would be possible to have a good view of the farm
 Located where the it is easy to reach from all parts of farm
 Should be secure from predators, thieves and trespassers
 Should have good drainage/free from dampness
 Should be sited near social amenities
 Should have a gentle slope to avoid flooding
 Farmers taste and preferences should be considered
 Structures that are related should be sited close to each other
 Structures with foul smell should be sited on the leeward side of the homestead
(5x1=5mks)

c) State four factors that determine quality of honey (4mks)

 Types of plants from which nectar was obtained
 Maturity stage of honey at the time of harvesting
 Method of processing honey
 Method of harvesting
4x1=4mks