SAM HIGGINBOTTOM UNIVERSITY OF

AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES

HORT 414 – COMMERCIAL FLORICULTURE

PRACTICAL : 3 - CLASSIFICATION OF VARIOUS
COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT FLOWERS AND
ORNAMENTAL PLANTS
SUBMITTED TO : SUBMITTED BY
Mr. DEEPAK LALL DEBJYOTI MANDAL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR 19BSHORH049
DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE 3RD SEMESTER

28/08/2020
 BASED ON SEASON OF GROWING :

TYPES : FLOWER Common Botanical Name Species Genus Plant part Important plant
NAME Name used characters

Summer Gaillardia Blanket flower Gaillardia Gaillardia Leaves, The plant is used as a
season pulchella G. pulchella flowers, diuretic, taken to give
Annuals : seeds relief from painful
urination.
Tea of root for
gastroenteritis etc
Gomphrena Globe amranths Gomphrena G. globosa Gomphrena Flowers This plant will also
globosa grow well in dry
conditions, in poor soil.
But requires good
drainage.
Sunflower Common Helianthus annuus Seed, stem,
sunflower H. annuus Helianthus leaves,
flowers
Zinnia Pulse corals, Zinnia elegans Z. elegans Zinnia Flowers Decorative purpose in
Xenia beds pots and flower
arrangements.
Cornflower Bachelor’s Centaurea cyanus C. cyanus Centaurea Leaves, Treat fever,
button seeds, constipation, and water
flowers retention.
Also treats chest
congestion by
cornflower tea.
Also as tonic, liver and
gall bladder stimulant.
Delphinium Larkspur Delphinum elatum D. elatum Delphinium Flowers The juice of the flowers
mixed with alum, gives
a blue ink.
Marigold Marigold Tagetes patula T. patula Tagetes Flowers Aromatic flowers, has
medicinal uses in
treating digestive
ailments and in
rheumatism.
Rainy Balsam Touch-me-not Impatiens I. balsamina Touch-me- Leaves, Used as essential or a
season balsamina not/Impatiens seeds, carrier oils.
annuals. flowers, bark Used for burns, sores,
cuts ,tumours , wounds
etc
Coxcomb Coxcomb Celosia plumosa C. Plumosa Celosiq Flowers & Attractive shiny spikes
Flower spike make a good display in
a mixed border, in
making flower art,
flower beds, etc.
Cosmos Garden cosmos Cosmos bippinatus Bippinatus Cosmos Flowers, Free flowering annual,
or Mexican cosmea cosmea bippinatus leaves & used for bedding, in
aster other aerial mixed border, as cut
parts flower & grows well in
all types of soil.
Used medicinally for
treating fever & malaria,
also used as a dye.
 Gaillardia Blanket flower Gaillardia Gaillardia Leaves, The plant is used as a
pulchella G. pulchella flowers, diuretic, taken to give
seeds relief from painful
urination.
Tea of root for
gastroenteritis etc
Hibiscus China rose, Hibiscus H. Hibiscus Flowers Used medically to
Shoeblackplant. rosasinensis Rosasinesis reduce high blood
pressure.
Used in anti-ageing face
packs.
Used in shoe polishing.
Winter China aster Callistephus C. chinensis Callistephus Cures headache and
season China Aster chinensis Flowers treats Venereal diseases.
annuals Annual Aster

Cornflower Bachelor’s Centaurea cyanus C. cyanus Centaurea Leaves, Treat fever,

button seeds, constipation, and water
flowers retention.
Also treats chest
congestion by
cornflower tea.
Also as tonic, liver and
gall bladder stimulant.
Primrose Primrose Primula vulgaris P. vulgaris Primula Flower Primrose oil for asthma
clusters ADHD lowering
cholesterol
In pre-menstruation
syndromes
Oil from it is essential
source of fatty acid
Sweet Yellow sweet Amberboaamberboi A. berboi Amberboa Seeds Colourful and fragrant
sultan sultan mixture of flowers
attracts an array of
beneficial insects and is
often used as a cut
flower in floral
arrangements
Sweet pea Sweet pea Lathyrus odaratus L. odaratus Lathyrus Flowers Cultivated for its
beautiful, fragrant
flowers and as garden
ornamentals or for the
floral industry.
Verbena Vervain Verbena officinalis V. Verbena Whole plant Used to add a lemony
officinalis taste in drink , the
decoction of plant is
used to cure eczema and
other skin diseases
Candy tuft Globle candy Iberis umbellata I. umbellata Iberis Seeds and Medicinal uses in anti-
tuft flowers rheumatic, homeopathy
and seeds are
considered very useful
in the treatment of
asthma, bronchitis and
dropsy.
Phlox Summer phlox Phlox paniculata P. Phlox Fruits and Used as a medicinal
paninculata seeds herb,
Leaf extract is used a
laxative and for treating
boils.
Petunia Violet petunia Petunia integrifolia P. Petunia Flowers They can be used for
integrifolia color masses, in
containers, hanging
baskets, or as a seasonal
 groundcover.

2. COLOUR BASED:
Flowers come in all shapes and sizes, but what makes them truly stand
apart from each other is their vibrant colors. These colors are made up
of pigments and, generally speaking, the fewer the pigments, the lighter
the color. The most common pigments in flowers come in the form of
anthocyanins. These pigments range in color from white to red to blue
to yellow to purple and even black and brown. A different kind of
pigment class is made up of the carotenoids. Carotenoids are
responsible for some yellows, oranges, and reds. (These little guys are
what cause the brilliant colors of autumn leaves!) While many flowers
get their colors from either anthocyanins or carotenoids, there are some
that can get their colors from a combination of both.
Anthocyanins and carotenoids are the main sources of flower coloration,
but there are other factors that can affect how colors present
themselves. The amount of light flowers receive while they grow, the
temperature of the environment around them, even the pH level of the
soil in which they grow can affect their coloration. Another factor is
stress from the environment. This stress can include a drought or a
flood or even a lack of nutrition in the soil, all of which can dampen the
coloration of flowers.

TYPES FLOWER NAME COMMON BOTANICAL SPECIES GENUS PLANT IMPORTANT

NAME NAME PART PLANT
USED CHARACTERS.
WHITE Antirrhinum Snapdragon Antirrhinum majus A.majus Leaves and important
Antirrhinu flowers garden plant
COLOURING m

Alyssum Sweet Alison, sweet Lobularia maritima Alyssum alpe Alyssum L Leaves, widely grown as an
Alyssum stre, Alyssum stem, ornamental for its
alyssoides, flower fragrant clusters of
Alyssum aren small white four-
arium, etc petaled flowers
 Dianthus Carnation Dianthus Sweet Dianthus L. petals They are edible.
caryophyllus William,
garden pink
etc
China aster China aster Callistephus C. chinensis Callistephu Flowers The aster is a unique
chinensis s and leaves daisy-like wildflower
that's known for its
star-shaped flower he
ad. Aster
meanings include
love and wisdom.
zinnia Youth-and-age Zinnia elegans Zinnia Zinnia; L. Flowers it can be used as an
bicolour, and leaves eradication
zinnia treatment for soils
grandiflora
contaminated with
etc
heavy metals

PURPLE, Daisy Daisy Bellis perennis B. perennis Bellis Buds and Flower heads
flowers composed of many
LAVENDER smaller (often
OR BLUE tiny) flowers, each of
which produces an
individual seed
Rose Rose Rosa Damask rose, Rosa L Stamen and they have multiple
cabbage rose, pistil sets of petals
rosa peace etc

Dahlia Dahlia Dahlia pinnata Red dahlia, Dahlia; Roots and One of the most
dahlia pinnata Cav. flowers impressive
etc characteristics of the
dahlia flower is its
ringed petals
Ageratum Chick weed, goat Ageratum A. conyzoides Ageratum; Leaves They have toothed
weed etc conyzoides L ovate leaves arranged
oppositely
along the stem

Clitoria Asian pegionwings, Clitoria ternatea Clitoria Clitoria; L Seeds and The most striking
butterfly pea etc ternatea leaves feature about this
plant is the color of
its flowers, a vivid
deep blue; solitary,
with light yellow
markings

YELLOW OR Marigold Marigold Calendula officinalis Marsh Tagetes Roots and Hybrids may have
marigold, L stems two-toned flowers,
ORANGE mountain such as
marigold etc scarlet flowers with
yellow margins
Calendula Pot marigold Calendula officinalis C. officinalis Calendula flowers
L
zinnia Youth-and-age Zinnia elegans Zinnia Zinnia; L. Flowers it can be used as an
bicolour, and leaves eradication treatment
zinnia for soils contaminated
grandiflora with heavy metals
etc
Gaillardia Blanket flower Gaillardia pulchella Indian Gaillardia; Seeds, Gaillardia may grow in
blanket, Foug. flowers a compact mound up to
Gaillardia 36 inches tall (90 cm),
suavis etc but most cultivars
generally reach 12-18
inches (30-45 cm).
Rose Rose Rosa Damask rose, Rosa L Stamen and they have multiple
cabbage rose, pistil sets of petals
rosa peace etc
 Gladiolus Sword lily Gladiolus palustris G. palustris Gladiolus; Flowers The
L. fragrant flower spikes
are large and one-
sided, with secun,
bisexual flowers, each
subtended by 2
leathery, green bracts
RED PINK Antirrhinum Snapdragon Antirrhinum majus A.majus Leaves and important
Antirrhinu flowers garden plant
m

Gerbera gerbera Gerbera jamesonii Barberton Gerbera L. Flowers Gerbera daisies have
daisy, Transvaal daisy, gerbera long-lasting 3- to 4-
daisy or Barberton viridifloria inch flowers
daisy

3. PURPOSE OF GROWING :
The main purpose of growing flowers is to aid in plant reproduction.
Flowers provide an eye-catching attribute to an otherwise plain, green-
leaved plant. When insects, birds and some bats dip down to take a
look at the flower and steal its nectar, they are inadvertently pollinating
the plants by moving pollen or plant sperm from the male stamens to
the female pistils.
Types Flower name Comman name Botanical name Species Genus Plant part Important plant
used character
Rockery Ageratum Billygoat Ageratum A.conyzoides Ageratum Leaves or It is an invasive wee
conyzoides entire plant . and when crushed th
leaves have a
characteristic odour
which is reminiscent
a Male goat.
Alyssum Sweet alyssum Lobularia L.maritima Lobularia Young Mat-forming plant th
maritima leaves, stems produces spreading
and flowers mounds of well
branched stems clad
with linear , lanced
shaped, grey green
leaves
Phlox Garden phlox Phlox paniculata P.paniculata Phlox Entire plant Flowers symbolize
good partnerships,
harmony and represe
sweet dreams, often
strongly fragrant and
borne in summer.
Hanging Petunia Garden petunia Petunia atkinsiana P.Atkinsiana Petunia Flowers An ornamental plant
whose showy trump
basket shaped flowers make
popular for summer
flower beds and
window boxes.
Verbena Comman vervain Verbena V.officinalis Verbena Aerial parts It forms an evergree
officinalis rosette which
overwinter. It
symbolizes protectio
healing, creativity an
happiness.
Torenia Wishbone flower Torenia fournieri T.fournieri Torenia Flowers Ability to bloom in
shady conditions,
purify air and for
medicinal uses.
Hedging Duranta Sky flower Duranta repens D.repens Duranta Leaves, stems Presence of
and roots phytochemicals
Reported as the basi
 efficacious therapeu
properties .
Tecoma Yellow trumpetbrush Tecoma stans T.stans Tecoma Leaves, Presence of tannins,
seeds, pods, flavonoids, alkaloids
roots quinones, used as a
herbal medicine
Hibiscus China rose Hibiscus rosa- H.rosasinensis Flowers, Can be made into tea
sinensis leaves and liquid extracts th
can help treat a varie
of conditions.
Fragrant Lathyrus Sweet pea Lathyrus odoratus L.odoratus Lathyrus Flowers Commonly cultivate
as an ornamental in
flowers gardens, valued
especially for its
sweetly smelling
flowers.
Dianthus Carnation Dianthus D.caryophyllus Dianthus Flowers, Flowers used in pot-
Caryophyllus leaves pourri, scented sache
cosmetic
products,leaves
Can be simmered in
water and this water
can be used as soap
cleaning.
Tuberose Tuberose Polianthes tuberosa P.tuberosa Polianthes Flowers, Cultivated for long
whole plant lasting flower spikes
its essential oil is
important componen
of high grade perfum
Bedding Dahlia Garden dahlia Dahlia pinnata D.pinnata Dahlia Flowers, Used in landscaping
tuberous roots floristry, its natural
sweet mellow taste i
said to combine the
characteristics of cof
and tea
Marigold Marigold Tagetes erecta T.erecta Tagetes Flowers, Also called as ‘herb
petals, leaves, the sun’, calendula
sap of stem extracts used topical
to treat wounds and
ulcers, and many
conditions.

TYPES Flower Common Botanical Species Genus Plant parts used Important
name name name plant
characters
Aromatic Rose Rose Rosa sp. >Rosa abyssinica Rosa Petals,stems,leaves and >Generally used in
>Rosa acicularis roots decorative purpose in
flowers >Rosa alpina household and public
gardens.
> Used as medicinal
herb
> essential oil
extraction
Jasmine Arabian Jasminum officinale >J.officinale Jasminum Petals, leaves, roots, buds >Leaf is chewed to
jasmine >J.sambac relieve pain due to
dental caries, mouth
ulcers.
>Decorative purpose
> medicinal purpose
Lavender Lavender Lavandula L . angustifolia Lavandula Buds, stems,flower, leaves >Edible herb
angustifolia >decorative purpose
>essential oil
extraction
Potting Carnation Clove pink Dianthus D.caryophyllus Dianthus Flower >used in perfumery/
caryophyllus essential oil
purpose >stimulant herb
>show plant

Petunia Petunia (Petunia *atkinsiana) P. juss Petunia Flower >show plant trumpet
shaped plant makes it
 popular for summer
flower beds and
window boxes
Begonia Begonia (Semperflorens Begonia obliqua Begonia Flower,leaves Colourful flowers or
cultorum) leaves are used as pot
plants indoors or as
garden plants.
Anthurium Flamingo Anthurium A.andraeanum Anthurium Flower >Indoor Air
flower andraeanum purifying plant
> Indoor pot plant
Dry Nigella Devil- in- a – Nigella sp. >N.sativa Nigella Flower, seed Known as kalonji
bush, black >N.carpatha used as spice and
flowers cumin >N.elata condiment
Lady lace Bishop’s weed, Ammi majus A.majus Ammi Roots, leaves,flower >roots are used in
bullwort soups,stew and tea
>first year leaves can
be chopped and
tossed into salad
>flower clusters
french fried or used
in salad.
Hyacinth Garden Hyacinthus H.orientalis Hyacinthus Roots,stem >dried stem used for
hyacinth orientalis baskets and furniture
>hyacinth fibers are
used as raw material
for paper.
Loose Marigold Marigold Tagetes Tagetes erecta Tagetes Flower, leaves >used for medicinal
(mexican value
flower marigold) Cures sunburn and
clears the skin
>strong and pungent
odour keeps insects
and pest away.
China aster China aster , Callistephus sp. Callistephus Callistephus Flower >show plant
annual aster chinensis

Xenia Fast pulse Xenia sp. >X. actuosa Xenia Flower >show plant
xenia ,pulse >X. amparoi
corals etc.

Sunflower Sunflower Helianthus sp. >H. annuus Helianthus Flower, leaves, seed >common sunflower
>H. anomalus is valuable from an
economic as well as
from an ornamental
point of view.
>leaves are used as
fodder
>flowers yield a
yellow dye
> seeds contain oil
and are used for food.

4.BASED ON NATURE OF GROWTH :

The best perennial flowers and plants last more than two years, they
tend to be more expensive than annuals, which only last a single season.
 But just because annuals are rather short-lived, don't rule them out!
They are lovely for container gardens (where they can be mixed with
perennials for a little "filler, thriller, spiller" action in a pot.)

TY FLOW Common Botanical Species Genus Pla Important

PE ER Name Name nt plant
S: NAME par characters
t
use
d
1.ANNU
ALS
1.Nasturtiu Indian cress Tropaeolum T. Majus Tropaeolum Leav
best known for
m majus es their intensely
andbright yellow,
petal
orange, and
s red flowers,
but their lush,
round leaves
are also edible
2. Ice plant crystalline iceplant Aizoaceae Mesembryanth Mesembryanth Leav the small,
OP emum emum es glistening dots
crystallinum on the foliage
that resemble
tiny ice crystal
3.Holly Hollyhock Alcea rosea Alcea acaulis Alcea L. Stem The single or
cock Alcea biennis and double, cup-
Alcea calvertii flowe shaped flowers
Alcea ficifolia r have little or
no stalk and
bloom on tall
spikes
4.sweet Sweet pea Lathyrus L. odoratus Lathyrus Flow With their
pea odoratus er seductive
fragrance, swe
et peas make
great flowers
for gardens
and bouquets
5.Alyssum Sweet alyssum Lobulariama Alyssum Alyssum; L. Flow widely grown as
ritima alpestre, er an ornamental for
its fragrant
Alyssum and
clusters of small
caliacrae leave white four-
s petaled flowers
6. Dahlia Dahlia Dahlia Dahlia Dahlia Flow One of the most
pinnata coccinea Cav er impressive
characteristics of
and
the
root dahlia flower is
its ringed petals
7.Marigold French marigold Tagetes T. patula Tagetes Flow Hybrids may
French patula er have two-
toned flowers,
such as
scarlet flowers wi
 th yellow
margins
8. Verbena Common vervain or Verbena Verbena Verbena.l.verv Whol It symbolizes
common verbena officinalis bonariensis, ain e protection,
verbena plant healing,
hastata creativity and
happiness
9.Phlox Summer phlox Phlox Phlox Phlox,L. Fruit Phlox is a plant
paniculata drummondii, and that produces
Phlox seeds delicate star-
shaped masses of
stansburyi white, pink, red,
purple or blue
flowers
10.Calendu pot Calendula C. officinalis Calendula Flow Calendula offi
la marigold, ruddles, c officinalis L. ers cinalis is a
officinalis ommon short-lived
marigold or Scotch aromatic
marigold herbaceous
perennial,
growing to 80
cm (31 in) tall,
with sparsely
branched lax or
erect stems.
11.Annual Daisy Ismelia I. Carin Ismelia Flow It is tricolor
chrysanthe carinata ata er chrysanthemu
mum m.

2.Perenn
ial
1.Rose Rose Rosa spp. Damask rose, Rosa l. Flow they have
cabbage rose, er, multiple sets of
rosa peace etc petals
stem,
2.jasmine Night blooming Nycatanthes N. arbortristis Nyctanthes Flow they have
jessamine arbor - tristis ers multiple sets of
petals
3.crossandr The fire craker Crossandra C. Crossandra L. Flow erect, evergreen
infundibuliformis shrub growing to 1
a flower Infundibulifor er m with glossy,
mis wavy-margined
leaves and fan-
shaped flowers,
4.Antirrhinu Snapdragon Antirrhinum A.majus Leave important
m majus Antirrhinum s and garden plant
flower
s
5.Gerbera gerbera Gerbera Barberton daisy, Gerbera L. Flowe Gerbera daisies
daisy, Transvaal jamesonii gerbera rs have long-lasting
daisy or Barberton viridifloria 3- to 4-
daisy inch flowers
6.Chrysanthe Chrysanths or mums Chrysanthemum Chrysanthemum Chrysanthemum L Flow have simple
mum morifolium indicum L aromatic leaves
er,
that alternate
stem,
along the stem.
leave Some have both
s. disk and ray
flowers in the
heads, but others
lack ray or disk
flower
7.Hibiscus China rose, Hibiscus H. Rosasinesis Hibiscus Flow It reduces high
Shoeblackplant. rosasinensis blood pressure,
er
used in shoe
polishing
8.Orchids Rhynchostylis retusa Rhynchotylis R. retusa Rhynchostylis Flow include three
R. gigantea petals, and
R. coelestis
er
three sepals
that can easily
 be mistaken for
petals. It also
have a waxy
tube-like
structure that is
known as a
column.
9.carnation Clove pink Dianthus D . Ca Dianthus Race The
caryophyllus Rosasinesis me single flowers of
ryophyllus florets the Carnations
species, Dianthus
caryophyllus
have 5 petals and
vary from white
to pink to purple
in color. Border
Carnation
cultivars may
have
double flowers w
ith as many as 40
petals
10. Barleria the Philippine violet, Barleria cristata, Barleria acanthoides Barleria; L. Flowe They are elliptic to
bluebell barleria or crested Vahl Barleria r narrowly ovate.
Philippine violet aculeata Balf.f. , The flowers are
cristata about 5 cm long,
funnel-shaped in
violet, pink, or
white color. The
fruits are about
1.5 cm long
ellipsoid capsules

5. BASED ON MODE OF PROPAGATION-

 Plant propagation is the process of creating new plants. There are two
types of propagation: sexual and asexual. Sexual reproduction is the
union of the pollen and egg, drawing from the genes of two parents to
create a new, third individual. Sexual propagation involves the floral
parts of a plant. Asexual propagation involves taking a part of one
parent plant and causing it to regenerate itself into a new plant. The
resulting new plant is genetically identical its parent. Asexual
Types Flower Common Botanical Species Genus Plant part Important
name name name used plant
characters
Bulbous Lily lily Lilium Lilium candidum L Lilium L. Leaves, Bulbs, -Used for heart
plants longiflorum Roots problem
- Promotes
Skin Health
-Heals Wounds,
Scars
Narcissus Daffodil, Narcissus Narcissus poeticus Narcissus Bulb,stem,leaves used for centuries
jonquil pseudonarcissus L. L. as traditional
medicines for a
variety of
complaints,
including cancer
Tulip Tulip Tulipa Tulipagesneriana TulipaL. Flowers -for medicinal
L. uses and
cosmetics
Tuberous Tuberous Begonia Begonia Begonia Flower, leaves -used as
begonia boliviensis, container plants
Begonia pearcei, on patios and
Begonia dregei, porches. In
Begonia coccinea hanging
baskets. As
bedding
plants.
Cormellous Gladiolus Sword lily G. palustris Gladiolus Corms gladiolus
Gladiolus dalenii/ Flowers flowers have a
plants
natalensis Leaves lot of medicinal
uses and hence
can be used to
cure common
colds,
constipation and
diarrhoea.In
earlier times,
the powdered
roots of these
flowers were
mixed with
goat’s milk, and
were used as a
drink for babies
to relieve colic

crocus Saffron Crocus sativus C.sativus Crocus Stigma Medicinal uses

crocus To treat arthritis
Rhizomatous Canna Indian shot Canna indica C. indica Canna Underground Rich source of
plants stem starch for
human and
animal
consumption
Iris Iris Iris sibrica I.sibrica Iris Rhizomes Armotherapy as
sedative
medicines

Tuberiferou Dahlia Dahlia Dahlia pinnata Dahlia coccinea Dahlia Roots and flowers landscaping, cut
Cav flower,
s plants pharmaceutical
industry,
cosmetic, food
propagation involves the vegetative parts of a plant: stems, roots, or
leaves

6. BASED ON GROWTH OF BEHAVIOUR :

The growth behaviour and development of flowers occurs over several
weeks from the germination of seeds planted in a ground or container to
the time in which flowers bloom. The entire process happens in about
five stages for most flowers. Although flower species have varying
bloom periods, the general growth and development process is basically
the same for all flowers. Moderate variations in the length of time of
certain stages may differ by flower species.

Type FLOWER Common Botanical Species Genus Plant Important

NAME Name Name part plant
s:
used characters
HERBS Verbena Common Verbena Verbena Verbena.I. Whole It symbolizes
vervain / officinalis bonariensis, vervain plant protection,
common Verbena healing,
verbena hastata creativity and
happiness
Viola Wood violet/ Viola tricolor Viola odorata Viola L. Leaves, It contains a
English var. hortensis L. Viola common flowers good profile o
violet/ blue violet essential micro
Sweet violet Viola sororia and macro-
wild nutrients which
are a rich
source of fats,
carbohydrates
and vitamin C.
 Linum Common Linum L. Seed, It controls
flax usitatissimum usitatissimum Linum stem cholesterol and
blood sugar
levels
Browallia Bush violet/ Browalia B. americana Browallia L. Flowers, It is loved by
Sapphire speciosa B. acutiloba leaves humming
flower / B. mirabilis birds. It is
Amethyst known as
flower Colombian folk
medicine as the
leaves are used
as decaying
molars and
relieves
toothache
SHRUBS Rose Rosa Rosa spp. Rosa canina Rosa L. Flower, It is used in
Rosa arvensis leaves making
Rosa gallica perfume, oil.
Rosa glauca
Jasmine Jasmine Jasminum J. Jasminum Flowers Each flower
grandiflorum / Grandiflorum and buds has between 4
sambac ovules and 2
locules. Its
flowers also
boast fruits in
the shape of
berries that
change black
when ripe
Tecoma Yellow Tecoma stans Tecoma Tecoma Juss Flowers, It is known for
trumpetbush capensis roots, controlling
Tecoma beckii seed and yeast
Tecoma leaves infections,
castanifolia diabeties an
digestive
problems. It
has effective
nutrients such
as phenol.
Alkaloids and
steroids
Hibiscus China rose/ Hibiscus H. Hibiscus Flowers It reduces high
Shoe black rosasinensis Rosasinesis blood pressure,
plant used in shoe
polishing
TREES Amaltas Golden Cassia fistula C. Fistula Cassia Flowers It has drooping
shower clusters of
bright fragrant
yellow flowers
with five petals
and
characteristic
cylindrical
fruits.
Gulmohar Flame tree, Delonix regia D. Regina Delonix Leaves Its known for
Royal and its curing
Poinciana flowers properties such
as anti
bacterial, anti
inflammatory
and anti
diabetic.
Kadamb Burflower Neolamarckia N. cadamba Neopamarckia Fruits, It is used in
tree cadamba leaves, paper making,
bark flowers are
known for
making
perfume.
Champa Red jasmine, Plumeria rubra P. Rubra Plumeria Leaves, Used in
Temple tree flowers, making
bark ornamental
garlands, cures
fever and also
used in
decorating
coffins
Salvia Common Salvia S. officinalis Salvia Leaves Cures stomach
sage officinalis and aches and used
flowers as a medicinal
purpose in
digestive
problems
Pride of Banaba plant Lagerstroemia L. speciose Lagerstroemi Roots, This tree
India speciose leaves produces a
and reddish- brown
barks. wod regarded
as similar to
teak in
characteristics
and is used in
medium- heavy
construction
and for tools,
handicrafts
7. BASED ON PHOTOPERIODIC EFFECT :

Photoperiodism is the physiological reaction of organisms to the length

of night or a dark period. It occurs in plants and animals.
Photoperiodism can also be defined as the developmental responses of
plants to the relative lengths of light and dark periods. They are
classified under three groups according to the photoperiods: short-day
plants, long-day plants, and day-neutral plants.
SHORT DAY PLANT:-
Short-day plants are those plants that flower when they are exposed
to long periods of darkness and short periods of light. For a short-day
plant to bloom, there must be less than 12 hours of daylight.
The plants that bloom in the spring or later in the fall are
considered short-day plants. Kalanchoe (Kalanchoe spp.)
LONG DAY PLANT:-
A plant that flowers only after being exposed to light periods longer
than a certain critical length, as in summer. Spinach, lettuce, and some
varieties of wheat are long-day plants. Compare day-neutral plant short-
day plant.
DAY NEUTRAL PLANT:-
A day-neutral plant is a plant that flowers regardless of the amount of
light of daylight it receives. Corn and rice are examples day-neutral
plants that will bloom whether the day is long or short.
 Types : FLOWER Common Botanical Species Genus Plant Important plant
NAME Name Name part used characters
SHORT DAY Salvia Common Salvia Salvia Leaves Used medicinally
PLANT sage officinalis Sclarea and in digestive
Mill,Covola flowers problems and
Medik stomach aches

Primrose Primrose Primula P.vulgaris Primula Flower Fragrance,

vulgaris clusters, primrose oil for
leaves asthma ADHD
and roots lowering
cholesterol in
prementruation
syndromes oil
from it is essential
source of fatty
acids
LONG DAY Aster Aster Callistephus Aster Aster Leaves & Medicinal use in
PLANT chinensis amellus young anti Flammatory ,
plants Antitussive ,
Pectoral,
Depurative,
Haemostatic
China aster China aster Callistephus C.chinensis, Callistephus Cut Cure head ache ,
chinensis C.hortense flowers treat veneral
Cass. diseases
DAY Sunflower Sunflower Helianthus H.annuus, H. Helianthus Seeds As a livestock,
NEUTRAL annuus indicus L. snacking, bird
PLANT seed

8. BASED ON ABILITY TO GROW

CLIMBERS: Climbing plants are plants which climb up trees and other
tall objects. The Climbing habit has evolved many times. In most cases
the climbing plants were most diverse than their non-climbing sister
groups. Over 130 plant families include climbers.
RAMBLERS: It is the one that rambles. It is any of various climbing
roses with long flexible canes and rather small often double flowers in
large clusters .Ramblers tend to grow faster than climbers and they like
to sprawl.
CREEPERS: Creepers are plants with weak stem that grow along the
ground, around another plant, or up a wall by means of extending stems
or branches. They have very fragile stems that can neither stand erect
nor support all of its weight.
TWINERS: Twiners are the climbing plants which wind themselves
around supports like ropes and rods with their touch-sensitive main
shoots, and grow upwards in this way. A vine displays a growth form
based on long stems. Growth away from light allows the vine to reach a
tree trunk, which it can then climb to brighter regions. The vine growth
form may also enable plants to colonize large areas quickly, even
without climbing high.
TYPES NAMES COMMO BOTANICA SPECIE GENU PLANT IMPORTANT
N NAME L NAME S S PART PLANT
CHARACTE
RS
IVY English Ivy, Hedera helix Common Hedera; L The adult They can thrive in
CLIMBER Europeon Ivy Ivy,Plants flowering poor soil and endure
S stems have a considerable depth
oval leaves. of shade, so that
they may with
Ivy has advantage be
yellow- planted under trees.
green floers
that are
borne in
clusters.

FICUS Weeping fig, Ficus benjamina Woody Ficus;L Shrub or The latex of the
ficus tree trees, small tree . plant is milky white
shrubs, and contains ficin, a
vines protein digesting
enzyme.

WILD Pasture rose Rosa Ro9sa Rosa Roots, Parts of rose plant
ROSE persica, crown, show substantial
rose flower,leav anti-bacterial and
es anti-fungal activity.

QUISQUAL Rangoon Combretum Quisqualis Quisquali Leaves, Long stems used for
RAMBLE IS INDICA creeper indicum indica l s l. flower, basketry.
RS seeds, roots

SOLANUM Potato vine, Solanum laxum s. laxum Potato Flowers Decorative

CREEPER JASMINOI potato climber vine leaves Fragrant blooms
S DS
 WATER Citrullus Citrullus lanatus c.lanatus citrullus Fruit, Rich in amino acid
MELON battich leaves

MUSK Sweet melon Cucumis melo c.melo cucumis Stems, Offer sweet aroma
MELON round to and flavor.
lobed High sugar content
leaves

ASPARAGU Garden Asparagus A.asparagus asparagus Stem,leaves Self supporting or

TWINERS S asparagus officinalis climbing.
Leaves alternate and
simple.

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