Roles and activities affected by aspects of situation: Different roles are played by different peoples.

According to the time, roles are changed because: Time changes and we change with them. As quaid- e -azam also played variant roles in different situations .They are as under: Hindu-Muslim Unity (1916): In 1916 when Jinnah rose to prominence in the Indian National Congress expounding ideas of Hindu-Muslim unity and helping shape the 1916 Luck now Pact with the Muslim League; he also became a key leader in the All India Home Rule League. But later Quaid relies that its not right path and Muslims need a separate country as Muslims are a nation not a minority so he did work on it. Fourteen Points :( 1929) He proposed a fourteen-point constitutional reform plan to safeguard the political rights of Muslims in a self-governing India in respond to Gandhi report (1928). But His proposals failed along with the League's disunity, driving a disillusioned Jinnah to live in London for many years. Quaid e azam and chouhrdry rehmat ali s effort: While in England, he had been watching the events that were happening in India and was saddened to see how Muslim interests were being sacrificed by the chaotic situation within the Muslim League. The Muslim League was in the hands of rich landlords or some middle class intellectuals with limited horizons, while the All India Congress was emerging as the leading party for Indian independence. In 1933, the "Now or Never" pamphlet by Choudhry Rehmat Ali was published in which the concept of a separate Muslim state was not only highlighted but the name "Pakistan" was also proposed for it. This motivated the young intellectuals of Aligarh and other universities to accelerate the growth of Muslim political consciousness throughout India. Prominent Leader: Jinnah realized that organizing the Muslims of India into one powerful and dynamic organization was badly needed. So to provide a trust worthy leader Jinnah join Muslim league as Allama Muhammad Iqbal was visiting Jinnah in London and convincing him to return and lead Muslim League. Then Jinnah joined the Muslim League and became a prominent leader.

On March 4, 1934, in a combined meeting of various factions of the Muslim League, Delhi, the formation of one Muslim League was decided and Jinnah was elected as president of that Muslim League. He was given an enthusiastic welcome on his arrival in Delhi in April 1934. Set Example of political and moral rectitude: As the reorganization of the Muslim League was a difficult task and he was faced with enormous difficulties including opposition from petty politicians with local interests, the propaganda of the Congress-paid nationalist Muslims and open hostility of leaders from different provinces of Muslim majority. But he set an example of political and moral rectitude that was unparalleled in India. He meant what he said and was extremely honest in his dealings with friends and foes alike. He followed certain well-defined principles and nothing could persuade him to deviate from this path. He exercised his powers as president with due regard to democratic principles, acted according to the constitution of the Muslim League and never exceeded his powers as president. Muslims are a separate nation: The All India Congress was not willing to acknowledge the Muslim cause and insisted on portraying only two parties in this regard, the Congress and the British. But here Jinnah emphasized the fact that the Congress could not win the battle of freedom until it gained the support of all the communities and assurance was not given to the minorities about their rights and protection of interest in an independent India As that time Quaid realized that most important thing needed here is unity So most importantly he performed two tasks after his return from England; The first was to unite and activate the Muslim League as the sole representative body of the Muslims of India. The second was to continue the struggle for freedom of India on constitutional lines. Divide and Quit: After the failure of the Cripps Mission, though unfortunate in many ways, resulted in strengthening of the Muslim League case for Pakistan. The positive outcome was that Pakistan was considered seriously and not merely regarded as a stunt or bargaining counter. The Congress leadership had tried to exploit the difficulties of the British to wrest power for itself but it had refused to acknowledge the demands made by the Muslim League. So Congress slogan "Quit India, in respond Quaid's answer was "Divide and Quit". That was a response to Congress.

When the Muslim League Working Committee met in Bombay on 16 August, 1942, there were many who wanted the League to plunge blindly into the struggle, while others went to the extreme of giving full and unconditional support to the British and crushing the Congress. The Quaid wisely advocated a middle course avoiding both the Congress and the British traps and concentrated more on building up the Muslim League organization and removing some of its inherent weaknesses. Interim Government: As in 1946 the interim government was established by British government with congress and give Muslim also offer to join but Muslim league did not join So government was established without Muslim league So, On October 13, Quad wrote to Wavell that(according to situation), though the Muslim League did not agree with much that had happened, "in the interests of the Muslims and other communities it will be fatal to leave the entire field of administration of the Central Government in the hands of the Congress". The League had therefore decided to nominate five members for the interim government. On October 15, he gave the Viceroy the following five names: Liaquat Ali Khan, I.I Chundrigar, Abdur Rab Nishtar, Ghazanfar Ali Khan and Jogindar Nath Mandal. The last name was a Scheduled Caste Hindu and was obviously a tit-for-tat for the Congress insistence upon including a Nationalist Muslim in its own quota.

Networking
After becoming the prominent leader League, he called a meeting of the All India Muslim League Council in Delhi in October 1934 and decisions were taken to prepare grounds for the radical transformation of the Muslim League into a mass party representative of all sections of the Muslim community. After two trips to England in that year, Jinnah finally returned for good in December 1934. This was the start of a new era in India's struggle for independence. 19351939 Then ,from 1935-1939,to develop the concept of separate state in minds of Muslims he toured the whole country, visiting every corner of India, addressing meetings, meeting Muslim students, arguing with double-minded local leaders, exposing the policies of the Hindu Congress and slowly creating political consciousness among his people. As the Act of 1935 was passed that was a clear attempt to crush the forces working for democracy and freedom. But here under the leadership of Quaid Muslim League rejected it. The provincial part of the constitution was however, accepted "for what it was worth". Jinnah concentrated on the constitutional struggle within the Legislative Assembly and advocated his point of view with great strength and skill. "I believe that it (the proposed federation) means nothing but absolute sacrifice of all that British India has stood for and developed during the last 50 years, in the matter of progress in the representative form of the Government. No province was consulted as such. No consent of the provinces has been obtained whether they are willing to federate as federating units on the terms which are laid down by the British Government. My next objection is that it is not workable." He also appointed and presided over a new Central Parliamentary Board and affiliated provincial parliamentary boards for the purpose of strengthening the League, bolster its bargaining position, and help prepare it for contesting elections. Whereas these boards, similar to those earlier established by the Congress, were to become Jinnah's organizational arms in extending his power over the entire Muslim community. As Jinnah was leader, who was playing the role of informing, directing and awaring the nation.

As when in 1937 he visited Lacknow, he was addressing with estimated 5,000 Muslims from every province of India: He said that "This Session of the All-India Muslim League is one of the most critical that has ever taken place during its existence. The present leadership of the Congress, especially during the last 10 years, has been responsible for alienating the Muslims of India more and more, by pursuing a policy which is exclusively Hindu; they are in a majority, they have by their words, deeds and program shown, more and more, the Muslims cannot expect any justice or fair play at their hands. Wherever they were in a majority and wherever it suited them, they refused to cooperate with the Muslim League parties and demanded unconditional surrender and signing of their pledges. To the Muslims of India in every province, in every district, in every tehsil, in every town, I say: your foremost duty is to formulate a constructive program of work for the people's welfare, and to devise ways and means for the social, economic and political uplift of the MuslimsOrganize yourselves, establish your solidarity and complete unity. Equip yourselves as trained and disciplined soldiers. Create the feeling of an esprit de corps, and the cause of your people and your country. No individual or people can achieve anything without industry, suffering and sacrifice. There are forces that may bully you, tyrannize over you and intimidate you, and you may even have to suffer. But it is going through this crucible of the fire of persecution which may be leveled against you, the tyranny that may be exercised, the threats and intimidations that may unnerve you - it is by resisting, by overcoming, by facing these disadvantages, hardships and suffering, and maintaining your true glory and history, and will live to make its future history greater and glorious not only in India, but in the annals of the world. Eighty millions of Muslims in India have nothing to fear. They have their destiny in their hands, and as a well-knit, solid, organized; united force can face any danger, and withstand any opposition to its united front and wishes. There is a magic power in your hands. Take your vital decisions - they may be grave and momentous and far-reaching in their consequences. Think a hundred times before you take any decision, but once a decision is taken; stand by it as one man." Build Mass Party: In the years of 1938 &1939 the primary occupation of Jinnah was to build a mass party. He made tours of India and roused the Muslims with inspiring speeches in which he exposed the Congress

and answered the propaganda directed against him by the Hindu Press. His countrywide tours were superbly successful. Wherever he went, he was received with great love and fervor, especially by the Muslim students and the younger generation who idealized him and saw him as a beautiful mirror that reflected their future. Where as in special session of the Muslim League that was held in April 1938 in Calcutta, the Bengal leaders led by Fazlul Haq declared their loyalty to the League. As Muslim League had been revolutionized within a very short period and one of the results of this was that members of provincial assemblies gladly joined the Muslim League parliamentary parties.

The Pakistan Resolution (1940): Jinnah embraced the goal of creating a separate state for Muslims as per the Lahore Resolution. The League won most Muslim seats in the elections of 1946, and Jinnah launched the Direct Action campaign movement to achieve independence of Pakistan, the strong reaction of Congress supporters resulted in joint aggression across South Asia. The failure of the CongressLeague coalition to govern the country prompted both parties and the British to agree to independence of Pakistan and India. As the Governor-General of Pakistan, Jinnah led efforts to rehabilitate millions of refugees, and to frame national policies on foreign affairs, security and economic development. Cripps Mission 1942 and Quaid: The American President Roosevelt urged Churchill to settle matters with India that finally persuaded Churchill to send Cripps to India. Cripps flew into Karachi on March 22, 1942. During his stay, Cripps met with Maulana Azad, Jinnah, Gandhi and Nehru to discuss the issues regarding India. He met Jinnah on March 25 and explained to Jinnah that he had changed his view about the Muslim League and Pakistan because of the "change in the communal feeling in India and the growth of the Pakistan movement." The formal rejection of the Cripps proposals took the form of a Congress Working Committee resolution dated 11 April 1942. The Muslim League too rejected Cripps' proposals by a Working

Committee resolution of the same date. It expressed gratification that the possibility of Pakistan was "recognized by implication" but stated that "the only solution of India's constitutional problem is the partition of India into independent zones; and it will therefore be unfair to Muslims to compel them to enter such a constitution-making body whose main object is the creation of a new Indian Union." The Committee concluded that as "the proposals for the future are unacceptable, it will serve no useful purpose to deal further with the question of the immediate arrangements.'

Jinnah-Gandhi Negotiations, 1944 It was on 17 July, 1944 that Gandhi set the ball rolling by writing to Jinnah: "I have not written to you since my release. Today my heart says that I should write to you. We will meet whenever you choose. Do not disappoint me." Jinnah, who at that time was in Kashmir, replied that he would be glad to receive Gandhi at his residence in Bombay on his return. They met at Jinnah's house in Bombay on 9 September and thereafter corresponded at some length. They did meet a number of times up to 26 September, but without arriving at an agreement. They did not keep any record of their oral discussions but the text of their letters is available. The first letter in this series was written by Jinnah to Gandhi on 10 September, and it is learnt from it that during their meeting on the previous day, Jinnah had tried to persuade Gandhi to accept the Pakistan Resolution of March 1940, while Gandhi had put forward the Rajah Formula. The main points that emerged during the debate were as follows: Jinnah complained the Gandhi's claim that he had come to discuss Hindu-Muslim settlement in his individual capacity raised "great difficulty" in his way because he himself could speak only in his capacity as the president of the Muslim League. Gandhi characteristically claimed, "though I represent nobody but myself, I aspire to represent all the inhabitants of India", to which Jinnah replied, "I cannot accept that statement of yours. It is quite clear that you represent nobody else but Hindus, and as long as you do not realize your true position and the realities, it is very difficult for me to argue with you." For his part, Gandhi questioned the right of the Indian Muslims to call themselves a nation, "I

find no parallel in history", he wrote in one of his letters, "for a body of converts and their descendants claiming to be a nation apart from the parent stock", to which Jinnah gave the famous reply: "We maintain and hold that Muslims and Hindus are two major nations by any definition or test of a nation. We are a nation of a hundred million, and, what is more, we are a nation with our own distinctive culture and civilization, language and literature, art and architecture, names and nomenclature, sense of value and proportion, legal laws and moral codes, customs and calendar, history and traditions, aptitudes and ambitions. In short, we have our own distinctive outlook on life. By all canons of international law we are a nation." The Shimla Conference (June 1945) As the conditions of war began to turn in favor of the Allies, the Viceroy Wavell felt that the time had come to make proposals for a resolution of the political deadlock in India. His objective, as stated in a letter to Churchill, was to form "a provisional government, of the type suggested in the Cripps Declaration, within the present Constitution, coupled with an earnest but not necessarily simultaneous attempt to devise a means to reach a constitutional settlement." Jinnah expressed the anxiety that the Muslims would be in a minority in the new Executive Council and he claimed that the Muslim League had the right to nominate all the Muslim members to the Council. Wavell said he could not accept this. Jinnah argued that the League had won all the by-elections in the preceding two years and therefore represented all the Muslims of India. On the very first day of the conference on June 25, it became clear that the real issue was the composition of the Executive Council; all parties would accept the proposal if they could reach an agreement on the method of selection. By June 29 it became clear that the parties would not be able to come up with an agreed list of Executive Councilors and the conference was adjourned till July 14 to enable them to file separate lists.

In a meeting with the Viceroy on June 27, Jinnah had said that he wanted a council of fourteen,

including the Viceroy and commander-in-chief with five Hindus, five Muslims, one Sikh and one Scheduled Caste. He said that this was the only council in which the Muslims would stand a chance of not being out-voted on every issue. It was after seeing Jinnah on July 11 that the Viceroy accepted that the conference had failed because he had been unable to accede to Jinnah's demands. After the failure of the conference Jinnah explained: "if we accept this arrangement, the Pakistan issue will be shelved and out into cold storage indefinitely, whereas the Congress will have secured under this arrangement what they want, namely, a clear road for their advance towards securing Hindu national independence of India, because the future Executive will work as unitary Government of India, and we know that this interim or provisional arrangement will have a way of settling down for an unlimited period, and all the forces in the proposed Executive, plus the known policy of the British Government and Lord Wavell's strong inclination for a united India, would completely jeopardize us." As Quaid was blamed for the failure of conference So after some days of conference, at a public meeting the Quaid-i-Azam, referred to Gandhi's presence at Simla during the Simla Conference in scathing terms: "The first question is why did Mr. Gandhi as one of the leaders of the recognized parties go to Simla? Having gone there, why did Mr. Gandhi not attend the conference? The reason is simple. It was to play the role of wire puller." The Cabinet Mission (1946) Cripps told the press conference on landing at Karachi on March 23 that the purpose of the mission was "to get machinery set up for framing the constitutional structure in which the Indians will have full control of their destiny and the formation of a new interim government." The Mission arrived in Delhi on March 24 and left on June 29. Jinnah faced extreme difficulties in the three-month-long grueling negotiations with the Cabinet Mission. The first of these was the continued delicate state of his health. Secondly, the Congress was still much stronger than the Muslim League as a party. Thirdly, The Congress had several powerful spokesmen, while for the League Jinnah had

to carry the entire burden of advocacy single-handedly. Fourthly, the Mission was biased heavily in favor of the Congress Finally, Jinnah suffered from the disadvantage that it was the Muslim League, a minority party, which alone demanded Pakistan. The Congress, the smaller minorities and the British Government including the comparatively fair-minded Wavell with whom the final decision lay, were all strongly opposed to the partition of British India. So, Quaid-i-Azam the constitutionalist took appropriate steps to strengthen his hand as the spokesman of the Muslim League. He convened a meeting of the Muslim League Working Committee at Delhi (4-6 April 1946) which passed a resolution that "the President alone should meet the Cabinet Delegation and the Viceroy. This was immediately followed by an All India Muslim Legislator's Convention. It was the first gathering of its kind in the history of Indian politics and was called by some "the Muslim Constituent Assembly". In his presidential address, Jinnah said that the Convention would lay down "once and for all in equivocal terms what we stand for". A resolution passed unanimously by the Convention (the "Delhi Resolution") stated that no formula devised by the British Government for transferring power to the peoples of India would be acceptable to the Muslim nations unless it conformed to the following principles: That the zones comprising Bengal and Assam in the North-East and the Punjab, North-West Frontier Province, Sind and Baluchistan in the North-West of India, namely Pakistan, zones where the Muslims are in a dominant majority, be constituted into a sovereign independent State and that an unequivocal undertaking be given to implement the establishment of Pakistan without delay. The two separate constitution-making bodies are set up by the people of Pakistan and Hindustan for the purpose of framing their respective Constitutions. The Interim Government (1946) For interim Government Quaid was not agree but Government decide about it and Wavell wrote identical letter to Nehru and Quaid both for asking them, that they would prepared to enter an

interim government. Jinnah replied that the proposal was not acceptable to the Muslim League because it destroyed the principal of parity. The negotiations with the League reached a deadlock and the Viceroy decided to form an interim government with the Congress alone, leaving the door open for the League to come in later. Wavell pleaded with Nehru and Gandhi, in separate interviews, that it would help him to persuade Jinnah to cooperate if they could give him an assurance that the Congress would not insist on nominating a Nationalist Muslim. Both of them refused to give way on that issue. Wavell informed Jinnah two days later that he had not succeeded in persuading the Congress leaders to make a gesture by not appointing a Nationalist Muslim. Jinnah realized that the Congress would not give up the right to nominate a Nationalist Muslim and that he would have to accept the position if he did not wish to leave the interim government solely in the hands of the Congress. On October 13, he wrote to Wavell that, though the Muslim League did not agree with much that had happened, "in the interests of the Muslims and other communities it will be fatal to leave the entire field of administration of the Central Government in the hands of the Congress". The League had therefore decided to nominate five members for the interim government. On October 15, he gave the Viceroy the following five names: Liaquat Ali Khan, I.I Chundrigar, Abdur Rab Nishtar, Ghazanfar Ali Khan and Jogindar Nath Mandal. The last name was a Scheduled Caste Hindu and was obviously a tit-for-tat for the Congress insistence upon including a Nationalist Muslim in its own quota.

Leadership Prototype
If we discuss the prototype of Quaid then we must say that he was charismatic as well as transformational leader. As according to situation, in respond to Gandhi report (1928), He proposed a fourteen-point constitutional reform plan to safeguard the political rights of Muslims in a self-governing India. Also according to the time need when he realized that now Muslims need a leader to organize Muslims of India on one powerful and dynamic organization platform As the time requirement was to inform people whats going on? So decisions were taken to

prepare grounds for the radical transformation of the Muslim League into a mass party representative of all sections of the Muslim community. As, All India Congress was not willing to acknowledge the Muslim cause and insisted on portraying only two parties in this regard, the Congress and the British. So Jinnah emphasized the fact that the Congress could not win the battle of freedom until it gained the support of all the communities and assurance was not given to the minorities about their rights and protection of interest in an independent India As that time Quaid realize that most important thing needed here is unity So most importantly he performed two tasks after his return from England; The first was to unite and activate the Muslim League as the sole representative body of the Muslims of India. The second was to continue the struggle for freedom of India on constitutional lines. Set Example of political and moral rectitude: As the reorganization of the Muslim League was a difficult task and he was faced with enormous difficulties including opposition from petty politicians with local interests, the propaganda of the Congress-paid nationalist Muslims and open hostility of leaders from different provinces of Muslim majority. But he set an example of political and moral rectitude that was unparalleled in India. He meant what he said and was extremely honest in his dealings with friends and foes alike. He followed certain well-defined principles and nothing could persuade him to deviate from this path. He exercised his powers as president with due regard to democratic principles, acted according to the constitution of the Muslim League and never exceeded his powers as president. He was also charismatic as the idea of Pakistan was given by other Muslim leaders also before but not one voice come on it but when Quaid communicate this message then the whole nation make one voice and start struggle for the main purpose to get separate state for Muslims The other important example is interim government formation in 1946; For interim Government Quaid was not agree but Government decide about it and Wavell wrote identical letter to Nehru and Quaid both for asking them, that they would prepared to enter an interim government. Jinnah replied that the proposal was not acceptable to the Muslim League because it destroyed the principal of parity. The negotiations with the League reached a deadlock and the Viceroy decided to form an interim government with the Congress alone, leaving the door open for the

League to come in later. Wavell pleaded with Nehru and Gandhi, in separate interviews, that it would help him to persuade Jinnah to cooperate if they could give him an assurance that the Congress would not insist on nominating a Nationalist Muslim. Both of them refused to give way on that issue. Wavell informed Jinnah two days later that he had not succeeded in persuading the Congress leaders to make a gesture by not appointing a Nationalist Muslim. Jinnah realized that the Congress would not give up the right to nominate a Nationalist Muslim and that he would have to accept the position if he did not wish to leave the interim government solely in the hands of the Congress. On October 13, he wrote to Wavell that, though the Muslim League did not agree with much that had happened, "in the interests of the Muslims and other communities it will be fatal to leave the entire field of administration of the Central Government in the hands of the Congress". The League had therefore decided to nominate five members for the interim government. On October 15, he gave the Viceroy the following five names: Liaquat Ali Khan, I.I Chundrigar, Abdur Rab Nishtar, Ghazanfar Ali Khan and Jogindar Nath Mandal. The last name was a Scheduled Caste Hindu and was obviously a tit-for-tat for the Congress insistence upon including a Nationalist Muslim in its own quota.

Leadership theory:
Quaid e Azam leadership style was different in different situations. . His style was supportive at start, peoples were needed a person who had to give them directions, show concern for them, honest with them and keep them also with him as Quaid do, and get people cooperation .For example when Quaid realized the need of Muslims that they

need a leader he came back from England and become the prominent leader of Muslims league with concern of people, reorganize League to build confidence of people on it and support the Muslims to stand for their own country where they can live according to their own religion values. For this purpose he prepared ground for radical transformation of Muslim league into mass party representative of all sectors of Muslim community. So after making League representative of Muslims he adopted the participative leadership style and concerned with his nation take their suggestions and also give them suggestions like to develop the concept of separate state in the mind of Muslims he toured the whole country, addressed meetings, meeting with Muslim students, arguing with double-minded local leaders and exposed the political Hindu Congress and slowly create the political awareness among the Muslims. Then he also made them member of their team and set the challenge of a separate state in front of them to do work for it in leadership of him. As on 23 March 1940 he declared the clear direction of Muslims and made the expectation from Muslims that they must achieve this goal. So Muslims in his leadership work on it and contribute according to their capabilities at last on 14 August 1947, as a result of much sacrifices of Muslims Pakistan appeared on the map of world. So we can say that Quaid e Azam had achievement oriented leadership style also. The leadership style that Quaid keep was not only people oriented but also task oriented as after the independence of Pakistan the establishment of this , it was a small state along with limited resources so Quaid remained in touch with the people of Pakistan and worked side by side with them. He worked rapidly to save Pakistan from inside and outside enemies and build the basic structure of Pakistan.