Rashid Latif khan
University
Submitted to: Sir Shahzad Abbas
Submitted by: Soha Ramzan
Roll no: F24-HND-280012
Subject: Idealogy
Fundamental Rights in
the Constitution of
Pakistan (1973)
The Constitution of Pakistan (1973) grants Fundamental
Rights to ensure justice, equality, and freedom for all citizens.
These rights are listed in Articles 8 to 28 and are protected by
the courts.
List of Fundamental Rights (Articles
8-28):
1.Article 8 – Any law that violates fundamental
rights is invalid.
2.Article 9 – Every person has the right to life
and personal liberty.
3.Article 10 – No one can be arrested without
legal justification.
4.Article 10A – Every citizen has the right to a
fair trial.
5.Article 11 – Slavery, forced labor, and child
labor are prohibited.
6.Article 12 – No punishment can be given for
an act done before it became a crime.
7.Article 13 – No person can be punished twice
for the same offense.
8.Article 14 – Every person has dignity, and
torture is forbidden.
9.Article 15 – Every citizen has the right to
move freely in Pakistan.
10. Article 16 – Every citizen can hold
peaceful gatherings.
11. Article 17 – Citizens can form associations
and political parties.
12. Article 18 – Every citizen has the right to
do lawful business or profession.
13. Article 19 – Freedom of speech and
expression is allowed with some restrictions.
14. Article 19A – Citizens have the right to
access public information.
15. Article 20 – Every person has the freedom
to practice their religion.
16. Article 21 – No person can be forced to
pay religious taxes of another faith.
17. Article 22 – No religious discrimination in
educational institutions.
18. Article 23 – Every citizen has the right to
own and sell property.
19. Article 24 – No one’s property can be
taken without compensation.
20. Article 25 – All citizens are equal before
the law.
21. Article 25A – Free education for children
aged 5 to 16 is a right.
22. Article 26 – No discrimination in using
public places and services.
23. Article 27 – Equal job opportunities for all
citizens.
24. Article 28 – Every group has the right to
preserve its language and culture.
These fundamental rights protect democracy, freedom, and equality in
Pakistan. The courts ensure that these rights are not violated.
Constitution amendment of
1973
The Constitution of Pakistan (1973) has been amended multiple
times to address political, legal, and social issues. Here is an
overview of key amendments:
Major Amendments to the 1973 Constitution of
Pakistan
1st Amendment (1974) – Defined Pakistan’s borders and
recognized Bangladesh.
2nd Amendment (1974) – Declared Ahmadis as non-
Muslims.
3rd Amendment (1975) – Increased preventive detention
period.
4th Amendment (1975) – Increased reserved seats for
minorities.
5th Amendment (1976) – Limited High Court jurisdiction.
6th Amendment (1976) – Increased judges’ retirement age.
7th Amendment (1977) – Allowed the Prime Minister to
seek a referendum.
8th Amendment (1985) – Increased presidential powers,
allowed Assembly dissolution.
9th Amendment (1985) – Proposed but not enacted; aimed
to enforce Sharia law.
10th Amendment (1987) – Adjusted parliamentary session
requirements.
11th Amendment (1989) – Withdrawn; related to women’s
reserved seats.
12th Amendment (1991) – Created Special Courts for
serious crimes.
13th Amendment (1997) – Removed the President’s power
to dissolve the Assembly.
14th Amendment (1997) – Introduced strict anti-defection
laws.
15th Amendment (1998) – Proposed but not enacted; aimed
to implement complete Sharia law.
16th Amendment (1999) – Increased provincial quota in
services.
17th Amendment (2003) – Restored the President’s power
to dissolve the Assembly.
18th Amendment (2010) – Strengthened democracy,
renamed NWFP to KPK, and transferred powers to
provinces.
19th Amendment (2010) – Changed the appointment
process for judges.
20th Amendment (2012) – Strengthened Election
Commission and caretaker government system.
21st Amendment (2015) – Established military courts for
terrorism cases.
22nd Amendment (2016) – Changed the Election
Commission members’ qualifications.
23rd Amendment (2017) – Extended military courts’
tenure.
24th Amendment (2017) – Adjusted National Assembly
seats based on the census.
25th Amendment (2018) – Merged FATA into Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa (KPK).
