THE PLASMA SAGE

A Project Report Submitted

in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements
for the Degree of

MASTER OF COMPUTER
APPLICATION

By

Sumit Kumar Mall (Univ. Roll. No.2210014325032)

Saumya Sharma (Univ. Roll. No.2210014325025)
Kanchan Soni (Univ. Roll. No. 2210014325012)

Under the Guidance of

Er. Chandrabhan Singh

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

UNIVERSITY OF LUCKNOW, LUCKNOW

2023 – 24

1
 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that this submission is our own work and that, to the best of our

knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another

person or material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any

other degree or diploma of the University or other institute of higher education, except

where due acknowledgement has been made in the text.

Signature
Student Name
(Univ. Roll. No.)
Date:

Signature
Student Name
(Univ. Roll. No.)
Date:

Signature
Student Name
(Univ. Roll. No.)
Date:

i
 CERTIFICATE

Certified that Kanchan Soni (2210014325012) has carried out the project work

presented in this project report entitled “The Plasma Sage” for the award of Master of

Computer Application from Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of

Lucknow, Lucknow under my/our guidance. The project report embodies results of

original work, and studies are carried out by the student himself/herself (print only that

is applicable) and the contents of the project report do not form the basis for the award

of any other degree to the candidate or to anybody else from this or any other

University/Institution.

Signature
(Name of Guide)
(Designation)

ii
 ABSTRACT

In the time-sensitive realm of healthcare, efficient blood banking is paramount. Traditional

systems often grapple with outdated processes, fragmented data, and logistical hurdles.
The Plasma Sage, a web application built on the MERN stack (MongoDB, Express.js,
React.js, Node.js), embarks on a journey to revolutionize blood bank operations.

The Plasma Sage empowers both donors and healthcare providers. Donors can easily
register, schedule appointments, and donate blood through a user-friendly platform.
Hospitals can streamline blood request management, ensuring timely access for patients
in need. The platform offers comprehensive blood report analysis tools, aiding healthcare
professionals in diagnosing and treating patients more effectively.

By providing insights into blood inventory levels and usage patterns, The Plasma Sage
optimizes resource allocation. This minimizes waste and ensures blood reaches critical
situations. Additionally, the platform leverages data analysis to offer personalized medical
assistance to users, improving patient care and outcomes.

Built for flexibility and scalability, The Plasma Sage adapts to evolving needs and
accommodates a growing user base. This innovative platform fosters efficiency,
transparency, and accessibility in blood banking. It empowers both donors and healthcare
providers, ultimately saving lives and transforming blood bank management.

The Plasma Sage empowers donors with a user-friendly platform for registration,
appointment scheduling, and donation. Hospitals and medical facilities can efficiently
request blood, reducing delays for patients. Healthcare professionals leverage blood report
analysis tools for improved diagnosis and treatment. By optimizing resource allocation
and minimizing waste, the platform ensures blood availability where it's most needed.

Moreover, personalized medical assistance is offered based on blood data, enhancing

patient care. Built for flexibility and scalability, The Plasma Sage adapts to changing needs
and accommodates growth. This innovative platform promotes efficiency, transparency,
and accessibility in blood banking, benefiting both donors and healthcare providers.

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to take this opportunity to thank Faculty of Engineering and Technology, In
the present world of competition there is a race of existence in which those are having will
to come forward succeed. Project is like a bridge between theoretical and practical
working. With this willing we joined this particular project. First of all, we would like to
thank the supreme power the Almighty God who is obviously the one has always guided
us to work on the one has always guided us to work on the right path of life. Without his
grace this project could not become a reality. Next to him are our parents, whom we are
greatly indebted for us brought up with love and encouragement to this stage. We are
feeling oblige in taking the opportunity to sincerely thanks to our Supervisor Er.
Chandrabhan Singh. Moreover, we are highly obliged in taking the opportunity to
sincerely thanks to all the staff members of Computer Science and Engineering
Department for their generous attitude and friendly behaviour. At last, but not the least we
are thankful to all our teachers and friends who have been always helping and encouraging
us though out the year. We have no valuable words to express our thanks, but our heart is
still full of the favour received from every person.

………………..
Signature
Kanchan Soni
2210014325012
Date:

iv
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page No.

Declaration i
Certificate ii
Abstract iii
Acknowledgement iv
Table of content v-vi
List of Figures vii
List of Tables viii
CHAPTER 1: INRODUCTION 1
1.1: Problem Formulation 2
1.2: Features 2
1.2.1: Authentication 2
1.2.2: Management 3
1.2.3: Analysis 3
1.2.4: Notifications 3
1.2.5: Privacy & Accessibility 3
1.3 Result 4
CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND & LITERATURE REVIEW 5
2.1: Overview 5
2.2: Importance 5
2.2.1: Emergency Response 5
2.2.2: Scheduled Treatments 5
2.2.3: Patient Care 6
2.2.4: Minimizing Wastage 6
2.2.5: Safety & Quality 6
2.3: Criticality of Blood Banking operations 6
CHAPTER 3: SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS 8
3.1: Technologies 8
3.1.1: Front-End Technologies 8
3.1.2: Back-End Technologies 8
3.1.3: Database Technology 9
3.2: Tools Used 9
CHAPTER 4: SYSTEM DESIGN 11
4.1: HLD/DD 11
4.2: DFD Level 0 12
4.3: DFD Level 1 13
4.4: ER Diagram 14
4.5: Database Design 15
CHAPTER 5: IMPLEMENTATION 16
5.1: Agile Model 16
5.2: Conversion Plan 16
5.3: Implementation 17
CHAPTER 6: SYSTEM TESTING 18
6.1: Testing Strategies 18
6.1.1: Unit Testing 18

v
 6.1.2: Integration Testing 18
6.1.3: System Testing 18
6.1.4: UAT 19
6.2: Validation 19
6.3: Limitations 19
6.4: Test Results 19
CHAPTER 7: DEMONSTRATION/SCREENSHOTS 20
7.1: Home Page (Light Mode) 20
7.2: Home Page (Dark Mode) 20
7.3: Eligibility Check (Light Mode) 21
7.4: Eligibility Check (Dark Mode) 21
7.5: Blood Request Page 22
7.6: Blood Group Statistics 22
7.7: About Us 23
7.8: Eligibility Confirmation 23
7.9: Blood Donation Appointment 24
7.10: Blood Donation Appointment Confirmation 24
CHAPTER 8: CONCLUSION 25
8.1: Current State 25
8.1.1: Streamlined Ecosystem 25
8.1.2: Transparency, Accessibility & Impact 26
8.1.3: Threshold of Change 26
8.2: Remaining Areas of Concern 26
8.2.1: Limited Functionality 27
8.2.2: Accessibility Concern 27
8.2.3: Security Consideration 27
8.2.4: Network Integration 27
8.3: Future Scope 27
8.3.1: Enhanced Donor Management 28
8.3.2: Advanced Blood Request System 28
8.3.3: Data-Driven Blood Management 28
8.3.4: Mobile Accessibility 28
8.3.5: Network Expansion 29
8.3.6: Advanced Features 29
REFERENCES 30
CURRICULUM VITAE 31

vi
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Figure Name Page No.

Fig 4.1 DFD Level 0 12

Fig 4.2 DFD Level 1 13
Fig 4.3 ER Diagram 14
Fig 4.4 Donor Appointment 15
Fig 4.5 Donor Appointment 15
Fir 4.6 Blood Request Data 15
Fig 4.7 Blood Request Data 15
Fig 7.1 Home Page (Light Mode) 20
Fig 7.2 Home Page (Dark Mode) 20
Fig 7.3 Eligibility Check (Light Mode) 21
Fig 7.4 Eligibility Check (Dark Mode) 21
Fig 7.5 Blood Request Page 22
Fig 7.6 Blood Group Statistics 22
Fig 7.7 About Us 23
Fig 7.8 Eligibility Confirmation 23
Fig 7.9 Blood Donation Appointment 24
Fig 7.10 Blood Donation Appointment Confirmation 24

vii
 LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Table Name Page No.

Table 4.1 Symbols of DFD 11

viii
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

In the realm of healthcare, few services are as critical and time-sensitive as blood banking.
The efficient management of blood donation, storage, and distribution is not only essential
for saving lives in emergencies but also for sustaining ongoing medical treatments and
surgeries. However, traditional blood bank management systems often grapple with
outdated processes, fragmented data management, and logistical challenges. Recognizing
these inefficiencies, our project embarks on a journey to reimagine blood bank operations
through the lens of modern technology and the power of the MERN stack.

The Blood Bank and Blood Report Analysis Platform is a comprehensive web application
developed using the MERN stack (MongoDB, Express.js, React.js, Node.js) aimed at
facilitating blood donation, blood request management, and blood report analysis to ensure
the efficient utilization of blood resources and provide personalized medical assistance to
users.

Efficient Blood Donation Management: The platform facilitates the management of

blood donation processes, making it easier for donors to register, schedule appointments,
and donate blood.

Streamlined Blood Request Management: Hospitals and medical facilities can

efficiently request blood supplies as needed, reducing delays and ensuring timely access
to blood for patients in need. Comprehensive Blood Report Analysis: The platform
provides tools for analyzing blood reports, which can aid healthcare professionals in
diagnosing and treating patients more effectively.

Optimized Blood Resource Utilization: By providing insights into blood inventory

levels and usage patterns, the platform helps optimize the allocation and distribution of
blood resources, minimizing waste and ensuring that blood is available where it's needed
most.

Personalized Medical Assistance: Through the analysis of blood reports and other
relevant data, the platform can offer personalized medical assistance and
recommendations to users, improving patient care and outcomes.

Flexibility and Scalability: Built on the MERN stack, the platform is flexible and
scalable, allowing for easy adaptation to changing needs and accommodating growth in
user base and functionality over time.

Efficiency, Transparency, and Accessibility: By streamlining processes, providing real-

time access to data, and ensuring user-friendly interfaces, the platform enhances
efficiency, transparency, and accessibility in blood bank operations for both donors and
healthcare providers.

1
1.1 Problem Formulation

In the realm of blood banking, numerous challenges persist, stemming from outdated
management practices, logistical hurdles, and a lack of centralized systems. Recognizing
these challenges as opportunities for innovation, our project aims to address the following
key problem areas in blood bank operations:

• Inefficient Donor Management: Plasma Sage streamlines the donor management

process by providing an easy-to-use platform for donors to register, schedule
appointments, and track their donation history. This helps blood banks effectively manage
donor relationships and encourage regular donations.

• Inaccurate Inventory Management: By implementing robust inventory tracking

mechanisms, Plasma Sage ensures that blood banks have real-time visibility into their
inventory levels. This helps prevent shortages or excesses of blood products, allowing for
more efficient allocation and utilization of resources.

• Complex Request and Distribution Processes: Plasma Sage simplifies the process of
requesting and distributing blood products by providing a centralized platform for
hospitals and medical facilities to place requests and track deliveries. This reduces delays
and ensures that blood reaches patients in need in a timely manner.

• Data Silos and Lack of Analytics: Plasma Sage breaks down data silos by centralizing
all blood bank operations data in one platform. Additionally, it offers powerful analytics
tools that enable blood banks to gain insights into donor behavior, inventory trends, and
distribution patterns, empowering them to make data-driven decisions and optimize their
operations.

• Integration Challenges with External Systems: Plasma Sage addresses integration

challenges by leveraging modern technology standards and open APIs. This allows for
seamless integration with external systems such as electronic health records (EHR)
systems, laboratory information systems (LIS), and other healthcare IT systems, ensuring
interoperability and data exchange between different platforms.

1.2 Features

1.2.1 Secure Registration and Authentication:

• Streamlined User Onboarding: Plasma Sage facilitates easy registration for both
blood donors and those seeking blood donations.
• Multi-Factor Authentication: Robust authentication measures ensure the
security and integrity of user data. This could involve methods like passwords,
one-time codes, or two-factor authentication for added protection.

2
1.2.2 Efficient Donation and Request Management:

• Comprehensive Donor Profiling: Donors can create detailed profiles specifying

their blood type, medical history, and availability for donation.
• Intelligent Matching Algorithm: Plasma Sage employs a sophisticated matching
algorithm to identify compatible blood donors for requests based on blood type,
location, and other relevant criteria. This ensures timely and efficient blood
provision to those in need.

1.2.3 Secure Blood Report Management and Analysis:

• Secure Report Upload: Plasma Sage provides a secure platform for users to
upload their blood test reports. This ensures the confidentiality of sensitive medical
information.
• Advanced Data Analytics: The platform leverages advanced algorithms to
analyze uploaded blood reports. This could involve identifying potential health
issues, recommending personalized blood donation schedules, or flagging any
irregularities for further investigation.

1.2.4 Interactive Dashboard and Timely Notifications:

• Personalized Dashboard: An interactive dashboard provides users with a

comprehensive overview of their donation history, including past donations,
upcoming appointments, and personalized insights derived from blood report
analysis.
• Real-Time Alerts and Notifications: Plasma Sage keeps users informed through
timely notifications. Donors receive alerts about potential matches for their blood
type, while those requesting blood are notified when compatible donors are
identified.

1.2.5 Unwavering Commitment to Privacy and Accessibility:

• Stringent Data Security Measures: Plasma Sage prioritizes data security by

implementing robust measures to safeguard user information. This could involve
encryption of sensitive data, access controls, and regular security audits.
• Inclusive User Interface Design: The platform is designed with accessibility in
mind, ensuring a user-friendly experience for all individuals, regardless of
technical expertise or ability. This might include features like screen reader
compatibility, clear navigation, and multiple language options.

3
1.3 Result

Implementing Plasma Sage, the Blood Bank and Blood Report Analysis Platform,
promises a transformative shift in the landscape of blood banking operations. By
addressing key problem areas such as inefficient donor management, inaccurate inventory
tracking, complex distribution processes, data silos, and integration challenges, Plasma
Sage offers a comprehensive solution poised to revolutionize the field. Through its
streamlined donor management system, Plasma Sage aims to boost donor engagement and
retention, facilitating regular blood donations.

Real-time inventory visibility and optimization tools ensure accurate stock levels and
minimize wastage, while a centralized platform simplifies and accelerates blood
distribution, leading to faster response times and improved patient care outcomes. The
platform's robust analytics capabilities empower blood banks to make data-driven
decisions, optimize operations, and anticipate demand, fostering efficiency and cost
savings.

Furthermore, Plasma Sage's compatibility with external systems promotes collaboration

and interoperability across the healthcare ecosystem, paving the way for enhanced
integration and streamlined workflows. In essence, the implementation of Plasma Sage
promises not only to modernize blood banking operations but also to advance patient care
and community health outcomes through innovation and efficiency.

4
 CHAPTER 2
BACKGROUND & LITERATURE REVIEW

Blood banking operations are vital components of healthcare systems, managing the
donation, processing, storage, and distribution of blood products. They ensure timely
access to blood for medical treatments and emergencies, playing a crucial role in surgeries,
trauma care, and managing hematologic disorders. Beyond logistics, these operations
uphold rigorous quality standards and ethical practices. As foundational pillars of
healthcare delivery, blood banking operations demand continual optimization to meet
evolving healthcare needs, emphasizing innovation and efficiency.

2.1 Overview of Blood bank in Healthcare

Blood banks play a central and indispensable role in healthcare systems worldwide,
serving as critical intermediaries between blood donors and patients in need of blood
transfusions or blood products. Their primary function is to collect, process, store, and
distribute blood and its components, ensuring a safe and adequate supply for medical
treatments and emergencies. Blood banks facilitate various lifesaving interventions,
including surgeries, organ transplants, treatment of trauma victims, management of
hematologic disorders, and support for patients undergoing chemotherapy. Additionally,
they play a crucial role in managing blood inventory levels, conducting screening tests for
infectious diseases, and ensuring compliance with regulatory standards for blood safety.
Beyond these operational aspects, blood banks also engage in community outreach and
education initiatives to promote voluntary blood donation and raise awareness about the
importance of blood transfusion in saving lives. In essence, blood banks are indispensable
pillars of healthcare delivery systems, contributing to the overall well-being and survival
of patients across diverse clinical settings and medical specialties.

2.2 Importance of efficient Blood donation, storage, and distribution

Efficient blood donation, storage, and distribution are paramount to ensuring timely access
to safe and adequate blood supplies for medical treatments and emergencies. Here's why
they're crucial:

2.2.1 Emergency Response:

In emergency situations such as accidents, natural disasters, or major

surgeries, immediate access to blood can be a matter of life or death.
Efficient blood donation processes ensure that blood banks have an
ongoing supply of blood to meet these urgent needs without delays.

2.2.2 Scheduled Treatments:

Many medical procedures, including surgeries, cancer treatments, and organ

transplants, require blood transfusions as part of the treatment protocol. Efficient
blood storage and distribution ensure that healthcare facilities have the necessary
blood products available when scheduled treatments are planned, preventing
treatment delays or cancellations.

5
 2.2.3 Patient Care:

Patients with certain medical conditions, such as anemia or bleeding

disorders, may require regular transfusions to manage their condition and
maintain their health. Efficient blood distribution ensures that these
patients receive the necessary blood products on time, allowing them to
lead healthier and more fulfilling lives.

2.2.4 Minimizing Wastage:

Blood products have a limited shelf life, and improper storage or

distribution practices can lead to wastage. Efficient processes help
minimize wastage by ensuring that blood is used before it expires and by
optimizing inventory levels based on demand and usage patterns.

2.2.5 Safety and Quality:

Proper storage and handling of blood products are essential for maintaining
their safety and quality. Efficient processes, coupled with rigorous quality
control measures, help ensure that blood products remain free from
contamination and are suitable for transfusion, thereby reducing the risk of
adverse reactions or infections in recipients.

Overall, efficient blood donation, storage, and distribution are critical for meeting the
healthcare needs of patients, supporting medical treatments, and saving lives in both
routine and emergency situations. By optimizing these processes, blood banks can
enhance their ability to serve their communities and contribute to better patient outcomes.

2.3 Criticality of Blood banking operations

Blood banking operations are of paramount importance in both emergency situations and
ongoing medical treatments due to their critical role in providing timely access to safe and
adequate blood supplies. In emergencies such as accidents, natural disasters, or major
surgeries, immediate access to blood can be a matter of life or death.

Blood banking operations ensure that blood banks are equipped to respond swiftly to such
crises by maintaining a continuous supply of blood products and coordinating their
distribution to healthcare facilities in need. This rapid response capability can significantly
reduce mortality rates and improve patient outcomes in emergency settings.

Moreover, blood transfusions are integral to a wide range of ongoing medical treatments,
including surgeries, cancer therapies, organ transplants, and management of hematologic
disorders. Patients undergoing these treatments often require regular transfusions to
replace lost blood, support their immune systems, or manage complications associated
with their condition or treatment.

Blood banking operations play a vital role in ensuring that healthcare facilities have a
reliable supply of blood products to meet the demands of scheduled treatments, thereby

6
preventing treatment delays or interruptions that could compromise patient care and
outcomes.

In essence, the criticality of blood banking operations in emergency situations and ongoing
medical treatments cannot be overstated, as they are essential for saving lives, alleviating
suffering, and supporting the delivery of quality healthcare services.

7
 CHAPTER 3
SOTWARE REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS

3.1 TECHNOLOGIES

3.1.1 Front-End Technologies

• React.JS
Imagine Plasma Sage as a well-oiled machine. React.js acts as the engine for the
user interface. It excels at building modular components like reusable building
blocks. Think of these components as pre-fabricated sections for your UI. Need
a section for donor registration? React lets you build it once and reuse it
efficiently throughout the platform. This modularity keeps your code clean and
makes updates a breeze. Additionally, React's virtual DOM (Document Object
Model) ensures that only the necessary parts of the UI refresh when data
changes, providing a smooth and responsive user experience for blood bank
staff and donors.

• CSS
CSS is like the paint and polish for Plasma Sage. It defines the visual style of
each component, ensuring a clean, informative, and user-friendly interface.
You've likely used CSS to style elements like buttons, forms, charts, and data
tables, making the platform visually appealing and easy to navigate.

3.1.2 Back-end Technologies

• Node.js
This is the powerhouse behind the scenes. Node.js is a JavaScript runtime
environment that allows you to run server-side code written in JavaScript. This
means you can use the same language (JavaScript) for both your frontend and
backend, streamlining development. Node.js is known for its efficiency and
event-driven nature, making it ideal for handling real-time updates within
Plasma Sage, such as when blood inventory levels change or new donor
registrations come in.

• Express.JS
Think of Express.js as a sophisticated traffic controller. It sits on top of Node.js
and efficiently handles incoming requests from the user interface. When a donor
submits a form or a staff member updates inventory, Express.js routes that
request to the appropriate part of your backend code. It also acts as a bridge
between the user interface and the database (MongoDB) by fetching and
sending data as needed.

8
3.1.3 Database Technology

• MongoDB
This is Plasma Sage's treasure trove of information. Unlike traditional databases
with rigid structures, MongoDB is a NoSQL database, offering a flexible schema.
This means you can store complex data structures relevant to blood banking with
ease. Imagine donor information, blood type data, inventory levels, and potentially
even historical blood donation trends – MongoDB can handle it all efficiently. This
flexibility allows Plasma Sage to adapt to future needs as the platform evolves.

3.2 TOOLS USED

• VS Code
My development of Plasma Sage wouldn't have been possible without Visual
Studio Code (VS Code). This versatile code editor provided a one-stop shop for
working with all the project's languages, from JavaScript (React and Node.js) to
potentially Python (machine learning). VS Code's customizable extensions, like
syntax highlighting and IntelliSense, streamlined my coding process, while
linters ensured code quality. Integration with Git version control allowed for
seamless collaboration and version tracking, crucial for managing a complex
project like Plasma Sage. Overall, VS Code played a significant role in
efficiently writing, editing, debugging, and testing the code that brings Plasma
Sage to life.

• MongoDB Atlas
Plasma Sage's data backbone is powered by MongoDB, a NoSQL document
database. MongoDB's flexible schema proved invaluable for storing complex
data structures, such as donor information, blood inventory details (including
blood types and volumes), and potentially even historical blood donation trends.
This flexibility allows Plasma Sage to adapt to future needs as the platform
evolves. Additionally, MongoDB's scalability ensures that Plasma Sage can
handle growing volumes of data efficiently, making it a reliable foundation for
the blood bank's crucial information.

• Postman
While I wasn't directly coding with Postman for Plasma Sage's development, it
likely played a supporting role in streamlining the process. As Plasma Sage
relies on seamless communication between the user interface and backend,
Postman, a popular API platform, could have been a valuable asset. It might
have been used to design and test the various APIs Plasma Sage utilizes,
ensuring smooth data flow throughout the application. This would have helped
identify and fix API issues early on. Furthermore, Postman could have been

9
used to send test requests with different data, mimicking real-world scenarios,
which would have aided in debugging any errors or unexpected behavior within
the functionalities. Finally, Postman can also document API details, creating
clear instructions for future maintenance and potential integration with other
systems. In short, by potentially simplifying API design, testing, debugging, and
documentation, Postman could have been a valuable asset in bringing Plasma
Sage to life.

10
 CHAPTER 4
SYSTEM DESIGN

This chapter will focus on the design of the system using diagrams to illustrate graphically
certain sections of the software system.

4.1 HIGH LEVEL/DETAILED DESIGN (HLD/DD)

• Data flow Diagrams (DFDs) As information moves through software, it is modified

by a series of transformations.

• A data flow diagram is a graphical representation that depicts information flow and
the transforms that are applied as data move from input to output.

• The data flow diagram may be used to represent a system or software at any level
of abstraction. In fact, DFDs may be partitioned into levels that represent increasing
information flow and functional detail.

• A data flow diagram has four basic elements. The elements include external
entities, data stores, processes, and data flows.

• Therefore, the DFD provides a mechanism for functional modelling as well as

information n flow modelling.

Table 4.1 [Symbols of DFD]

11
4.2 DFD Level 0 Diagram

Fig 4.1 DFD Level 0

A Data Flow Diagram Level 0 (DFD) offers a high-level view of Plasma Sage's core
functionalities. Blood donors, hospitals, and regulatory bodies interact with the system.
Donors register, providing details like blood type and medical history.

Hospitals submit requests specifying blood type and urgency. Plasma Sage facilitates this
process by matching donors with requests, scheduling appointments, and managing blood
bank inventory.

Login credentials and reports (blood donation data, blood requests) flow throughout the
system. Plasma Sage generates outputs like donor matches, donation schedules, and blood
availability reports.

Additionally, it can optionally analyze anonymized data to generate reports on trends or

health insights. The system relies on several data stores: a donor database, a blood request
database, a blood inventory database, and potentially a blood report archive and analytics
repository.

This DFD level 0 lays the foundation for understanding how Plasma Sage interacts with
various entities and exchanges data to streamline blood donation processes.

This DFD Level 0 provides a fundamental understanding of Plasma Sage's core

functionalities and data flows. It highlights the system's interaction with various entities
and the crucial role of data exchange in facilitating blood donation processes.

12
4.3 DFD Level 1 Diagram

Fig 4.2 DFD Level 1 Diagram

Plasma Sage's functionalities are further detailed in a Data Flow Diagram Level 1 (DFD).
Here, we delve into the inner workings of each process:
• User Management is segregated into separate processes for donor and blood
bank/hospital registration. Donors provide details like name, contact, blood type,
and medical history, while authorized personnel from hospitals/blood banks
create user accounts.

• Blood Donation Management involves donor login verification, blood profile

updates, and blood request matching. The system searches for compatible donors
based on blood type, Rh factor, and location when a hospital submits a blood
request. Confirmed matches are converted into appointments with notifications
sent to both parties. Finally, donation tracking logs timestamps for each stage
(arrival, collection) and updates blood bank inventory.

• Blood Request Management allows hospitals/blood banks to login and submit

detailed requests specifying blood type, quantity, location, and urgency.

Optionally, Plasma Sage can handle Blood Report Upload where donors securely upload
reports for storage. Additionally, anonymized data from reports or donation history can be
used for Data Analysis and Reporting, generating insights on trends, potential health
findings, or inventory optimization (for internal use or shared with regulators).

13
4.4 ER Diagram

Fig 4.3 ER Diagram

An Entity-Relationship (ER) Diagram visually represents the data model of your system.
It uses symbols to depict entities (real-world objects like donors or blood types) and their
relationships. Lines connect them, indicating how they interact. Attributes (properties of
entities, like donor names or blood types) are shown within the entity symbols. ER
diagrams provide a clear understanding of your database structure and data flow,
promoting efficient design and communication within your project.

14
4.5 Database Design

Fig 4.4 Donor Appointment Data [MongoDB]

Fig 4.5 Donor Appointment Data [MongoDB]

Fig 4.6 Blood Request Data [MongoDB]

Fig 4.7 Blood Request Data [MongoDB]

15
 CHAPTER 5

IMPLEMENTATION
5.1 PROCESS MODEL

Agile Model

Agile SDLC model is a combination of iterative and incremental process models with
focus on process adaptability and customer satisfaction by rapid delivery of working
software product. Agile Methods break the product into small incremental builds. These
builds are provided in iterations. Each iteration typically lasts from about one to three
weeks. Every iteration involves cross functional teams working simultaneously on various
areas like –

• Planning
• Requirements Analysis
• Design
• Coding
• Unit Testing and
• Acceptance Testing.

Agile model believes that every project needs to be handled differently and the existing
methods need to be tailored to best suit the project requirements. In Agile, the tasks are
divided to time boxes (small time frames) to deliver specific features for a release. Iterative
approach is taken and working software build is delivered after each iteration.

Each build is incremental in terms of features; the final build holds all the features required
by the customer. The agile thought process had started early in the software development
and started becoming popular with time due to its flexibility and adaptability. Agile
methods are being widely accepted in the software world recently. However, this method
may not always be suitable for all products.

5.2 Conversion Plan

To make this project live, i.e., to publish website on Internet, follow steps:

1. Download a Code Editor and install it.

2. Built the web design of website.
3. Choose the tech stack as per need.
4. Open code editor and start building the website.
5. Upload the website on any deployment server.

16
5.3 Post implementation of project and maintenance

The Post Implementation Review (PIR) is conducted after a project has been completed.
The purpose of the PIR is to evaluate how successfully the project objectives have been
met and how effective the project management practices were in keeping the project on
track. In our project the all objectives met to the requirements and it is more affective as
user wants. According to the user requirements the project functionality and objectives are
made according to this. It is generally found that games that are easy to play, require less
data, saves the time are well received by people.

17
 CHAPTER 6

SYSTEM TESTING
Testing is the process of evaluating a system or its components with the intent to find that
whether it satisfies the specified requirements or not. This activity results in the actual,
expected and difference between their results i.e. testing is executing a system in order to
identify any gaps, errors or missing requirements in contrary to the actual desire or
requirements.

6.1 Testing Strategies

In order to make sure that system does not have any errors, the different levels of testing
strategies that are applied at different phases of software development are

6.1.1 Unit Testing

Individual components like user registration forms, chat message sending logic,
and room creation functionalities are tested in isolation to ensure they function
correctly according to their intended behaviour.

6.1.2 Integration testing

Once individual components are validated, they're integrated and tested together to
verify seamless interaction and data flow. This includes testing functionalities like:

• Login process: User credentials are validated against the back-end

database.

• Chat functionality: Sending and receiving messages between users in the

same room works as expected.

• Room management: Users can create, join, and leave rooms successfully,
with proper authorization checks.

6.1.3 System Testing

The entire web application is rigorously tested to ensure it meets overall quality
standards and delivers the intended user experience. This involves testing:

• Functionality across different web browsers (Chrome, Firefox, Safari,

etc.) and devices (desktops, tablets, mobiles) for compatibility and
responsiveness.

• Performance under various load conditions: The application should

handle multiple concurrent users and chat traffic efficiently, with minimal
lag or errors.

18
 6.1.4 User Acceptance Testing (UAT)

A group of potential users test the application to provide feedback on its

usability, functionality, and overall user experience. This helps identify any
user interface (UI) inconsistencies or functionalities that might not be
intuitive for real users.

These testing practices ensure a smooth and reliable user experience for The
Plasma Sage by:

• Identifying and fixing bugs that might affect user login, message
sending/receiving, or room management.

• Verifying that the UI is intuitive and user-friendly for various user

groups.

• Guaranteeing the application performs well under different usage

scenarios, ensuring responsiveness and fast loading times.

By implementing this comprehensive testing strategy, we strive to deliver a

high-quality web application that meets user expectations and fosters a
seamless real-time communication experience.

6.2 Validation

All the levels in the testing (unit, integration, system) and methods (black box, white box)
are implemented on our application successfully and the results obtained as expected.

6.3 Limitations

The execution time for support vector machine is more so that the user may not receive the
result fast.

6.4 Test Results

The testing is done among the team members and by the end users. It satisfies the specified
requirements and finally we obtained the results as expected.

19
 CHAPTER 7
DEMONSTRATION / SCREENSHOTS

7.1 Home Page Design (Light Mode)

7.2 Home Page Design (Dark Mode)

20
7.3 Blood Donation Eligibility Check Form Page Design (Light Mode)

7.4 Blood Donation Eligibility Check Page Design (Dark Mode)

21
7.5 Blood Request Form Page Design

7.6 Blood Group Statistics Page Design

22
 7.7 About Us Page Design

7.8 Blood Donation Eligibility Confirmation Page Design

23
7.9 Blood Donation Appointment Form Page Design (Light Mode)

7.10 Blood Donation Appointment Confirmation Page Design

24
 CHAPTER 8
CONCLUSION

In the critical realm of healthcare, blood banking forms the backbone of countless life-
saving procedures. However, traditional systems grapple with outdated processes and
fragmented data, hindering efficiency and accessibility. Our project, the Plasma Sage,
tackles these challenges head-on.

Built upon the robust MERN stack (MongoDB, Express.js, React.js, Node.js), the Plasma
Sage is a comprehensive web application designed to revolutionize blood bank operations.
It streamlines the entire process, from facilitating donor recruitment and managing blood
requests to analyzing blood reports and providing personalized medical assistance.

By promoting transparency, optimizing resource allocation, and enhancing

communication, the Plasma Sage empowers blood banks to operate at peak efficiency.
This translates to a more reliable blood supply, improved healthcare delivery, and
ultimately, a healthier community.

8.1 Current State of Project

Enter the Plasma Sage, a refreshing oasis in this arid landscape. This project represents a
comprehensive web application, built upon the robust MERN stack (MongoDB,
Express.js, React.js, Node.js), designed to revolutionize the way blood banks operate.

8.1.1 A Streamlined Ecosystem: From Donation to Delivery

The Plasma Sage tackles every crucial stage of blood banking with a user-centric
approach:

• Donor Management Oasis: Attracting and retaining donors is vital for a

healthy blood supply. The Plasma Sage provides a welcoming environment
for new donors through user-friendly registration, appointment scheduling,
and eligibility screening tools. This streamlines the donation process,
removes unnecessary hurdles, and fosters a culture of participation.

• Blood Request Stream: Efficient communication and coordination are

paramount when dealing with blood requests. The Plasma Sage offers a
centralized system for hospitals and clinics to submit blood requests. This
ensures accurate matching with available blood types, minimizing wait
times for patients in critical need. Additionally, the platform facilitates
real-time communication between blood banks and healthcare institutions,
ensuring a coordinated response to urgent situations.

• Blood Report Oasis: Beyond Blood Types: The Plasma Sage goes beyond
simply storing blood types. The platform empowers blood banks with tools
to analyze blood reports. This allows for personalized medical assistance
and helps healthcare professionals optimize treatment strategies based on
individual patient needs. This data analysis also allows for the

25
 identification of potential trends and deficiencies in the blood supply,
helping blood banks tailor future collection drives to better serve the
community.

8.1.2 Transparency, Accessibility, and Impact: A Ripple Effect

The benefits of the Plasma Sage extend far beyond mere efficiency gains. By
streamlining processes and enhancing data management, the system promotes
greater transparency and accessibility within the blood bank. Donors can track
their donations, hospitals can view real-time blood availability, and healthcare
providers gain a clearer picture of the community's blood needs. This fosters trust
and collaboration amongst all stakeholders, ultimately leading to a more robust
and reliable blood supply chain.

The impact of the Plasma Sage on healthcare delivery is undeniable. Improved

resource management ensures that blood is readily available when and where it's
needed, minimizing delays in critical medical procedures. Additionally, the
platform's emphasis on data analysis holds the potential to inform future blood
collection strategies, allowing for a more targeted approach that caters to specific
community needs.

8.1.3 Standing on the Threshold of Change: The Road Ahead

While the Plasma Sage marks a significant step forward, we are constantly striving
for improvement. Integrating advanced functionalities like appointment
scheduling and detailed donor management tools would further streamline the
blood donation experience. Additionally, expanding the platform's user base to
include a network of hospitals and clinics would facilitate more efficient and
coordinated blood distribution. Finally, developing mobile applications for donors,
patients, and healthcare professionals would further enhance accessibility and
convenience.

The journey of the Plasma Sage is far from over. We are dedicated to continuous
improvement, collaboration, and innovation. By harnessing technology and
fostering a user-centric approach, we aim to create a future where a reliable blood
supply is not a luxury, but a readily available resource, saving lives and fostering
a healthier community, one blood donation at a time.

8.2 Remaining Areas of Concern

While the Plasma Sage offers a valuable platform for blood donation and request, there
are areas for further development to truly revolutionize blood banking operations. Here's
a breakdown of the current limitations and potential areas for improvement:

26
 8.2.1 Limited Functionality:

• Basic Donor Management: Currently, the system allows for basic booking
and eligibility checks. Integrating features like detailed donor profiles, medical
history tracking, and communication tools (reminders, post-donation
feedback) would strengthen donor engagement and retention.

• Passive Blood Request System: The blood request system seems limited to
requesting blood. Implementing features for tracking blood usage, managing
waitlists for specific blood types, and facilitating communication between
hospitals and donors with compatible blood types, would improve efficiency
and transparency.

• Limited Data Analysis: The current blood group stats page offers a basic
overview. Expanding data analysis capabilities to identify trends, predict
potential shortages, and inform targeted blood drives would significantly
improve resource management and cater to community needs.

8.2.2 Accessibility Concerns:

• Mobile App Integration: While the current UI might be attractive, a mobile

app for donors, patients, and healthcare professionals would vastly improve
accessibility and convenience.

8.2.3 Security Considerations:

• Data Security Measures: Since the platform handles sensitive medical data,
ensuring robust data security measures like encryption and user access
controls is crucial.

8.2.4 Network Integration:

• Hospital and Clinic Network: Expanding the reach beyond individual blood
banks to include a network of hospitals and clinics would facilitate a more
coordinated blood distribution system, allowing for real-time blood
availability across institutions.

8.3 Future Scope

The future scope of The Plasma Sage is brimming with possibilities. By implementing
these features and fostering collaboration within the healthcare ecosystem, The Plasma
Sage can transform into a powerful platform that revolutionizes blood banking, saves
lives, and fosters a healthier future for all.

The Plasma Sage has established itself as a valuable tool for blood bank management.
However, the project's potential extends far beyond its current functionalities. Here's a
glimpse into the exciting future scope of The Plasma Sage:

27
8.3.1 Enhanced Donor Management:

• Detailed Donor Profiles: Implementing comprehensive donor profiles could

capture medical history, preferred donation frequencies, and communication
preferences. This fosters personalized interaction and strengthens donor
engagement.

• Donor Communication Tools: Integrating features like automated reminders,

post-donation feedback surveys, and targeted communication campaigns can
significantly improve donor retention and encourage repeat donations.

• Gamification Elements: Introducing gamification elements like badges,

leaderboards, and rewards could incentivize participation and create a positive
donor experience.

8.3.2 Advanced Blood Request System:

• Blood Usage Tracking: Tracking blood usage by hospitals and clinics provides
valuable insights into resource allocation. This allows for better planning and
minimizes blood wastage.

• Waitlist Management: Implementing waitlist management for specific blood

types would ensure that patients in critical need are prioritized and readily matched
with compatible donors.

• Direct Communication Channels: Facilitating direct communication between

hospitals, blood banks, and donors with compatible blood types streamlines the
process and reduces wait times.

8.3.3 Data-Driven Blood Management:

• Predictive Analytics: Expanding data analysis capabilities allows for identifying

trends in blood usage, predicting potential shortages, and directing targeted blood
drives to meet specific community needs. This ensures a more proactive approach
to blood management.

• Resource Optimization: Utilizing data to optimize blood collection frequencies,

storage capacities, and distribution pathways minimizes wastage and promotes
efficient blood bank operations.

8.3.4 Mobile Accessibility:

• Developing mobile applications: Creating dedicated mobile apps for donors,

patients, and healthcare professionals would vastly improve accessibility and
convenience. Donors can schedule appointments, track their history, and receive
reminders on the go. Patients and healthcare professionals can access real-time
blood availability, manage requests, and connect with compatible donors.

28
8.3.5 Network Expansion:

• Hospital and Clinic Integration: Connecting The Plasma Sage with a network of
hospitals and clinics creates a comprehensive blood bank ecosystem. This
facilitates real-time blood availability across institutions, optimizes distribution,
and enhances collaboration within the healthcare community.

• Regional and National Integration: Expanding the network beyond local blood
banks and hospitals to regional and national levels would contribute to a more
robust and reliable national blood supply.

8.3.6 Advanced Features:

• Appointment Scheduling Integration: Integrating with scheduling platforms

used by hospitals and clinics creates a seamless appointment booking experience
for blood donation.

• Blood Component Management: The platform can be extended to manage the

distribution of specific blood components like plasma and platelets, catering to diverse
medical needs.

29
 REFERENCES

1. React.JS: https://react.dev/

2. Node.JS: https://nodejs.org/docs/latest/api/

3. MongoDB: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/

4. Express.JS: https://expressjs.com/en/guide

5. MDN Docs: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/

6. Postman: https://learning.postman.com/docs/introduction/overview/

7. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370602395_Blood_Bank_Management
_System

8. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_donation_in_India

9. Bafna, Sumangla A. "Review on Study and Usage of MERN Stack for Web
Development." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and
Engineering Technology 10, no. 2 (February 28, 2022)

Link:https://www.ijraset.com/best-journal/study-and-usage-of-mern-
stack-for-web-development

The main contribution of this work lies in the deep understanding of each
technology component on the stack. Keywords: ReactJS, NodeJS,
MongoDB, ExpressJS, MERN.

10. Patil, Dr Ritesh, Vaishali Gentyal, Vaishnavi Mudaliar, Gauri Kanpurne, and
Devyani Ambi. "College Website Using MERN Stack." International Journal for
Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30,
2022)

Link:https://www.ijraset.com/best-journal/college-website-using-mern-
stack

Today, a well-planned digital strategy plays a significant role in an

institution’s marketing strategies — especially considering younger
generations’ growing dependence on technology.

30
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Curriculum Vitae Kanchan Soni

31
Curriculum Vitae Saumya Sharma

32
Curriculum Vitae Sumit Kumar Mall

33