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Biological Classification

Handwritten notes of Biological classifications Class 11.

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Abhi Shukla
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
86 views56 pages

Biological Classification

Handwritten notes of Biological classifications Class 11.

Uploaded by

Abhi Shukla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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'3 Tuly coos a, N Y Thursday Biological Classification aoe @ ‘ WUTTB ie x i a Father oF xaoto. gy __ : Senthil a >_> First scientific atiempt to classiey organtsms. = aoe asses y = Plants imals Be ee ee i » Herbs, Shrubs Tree énima Anima +H a v J 4 2 sma @ _>emall io Smedium Red fuid® Red colour Evid => 0n_woody _Medium, _tn large, sO nt = aloody ood \y _ = i —=—______—_2hinginm classifica = - = a Carolus Linnaeus (17150) % = = ii 2 pantae Animalia —_— as g ny ™ 6 nt “~~ Response to external stimulus ———> © ne a 4 T > Autonmphic ——— ode of ubffon >" Heto trophic + = is > = On < loco matin = ®t > = c = aa Tedbepes i Pattee nt yea e_® nt - > = ceil wall aon: iS S s (& Scanned with OKEN Scanner eo ee _—_| 3 wingdom __| 4 —_ Kingdom. Carolus ~ T , Y Plantae animalial ~ Proista) Arter she discovery © = Rg @ OF microscope — AutOe yy Het |siqcm well defined | Om, -@ | n Gyre = See 5 - OS i 2 Lock. essue_cliffere. |b!) Mictoscopic argent ee E = =ntiation \ cn folk Se Tissve —> Resp ee = Respi A $e O— digestion O= exaerion _ aml i ce — = i a = 5 Tissue Jack Hssue = 0 & (Respiration) Ca Respitation i , digestion = O— FB ‘Caigesticn) = i excretim _ |_0 =288: (@eretion) & zat __+¢ Drawbacks of earlier classificabion oe eS ae “ fe ! Ei ace ether = CBGA) (q@reen algae ig aa Sal od $$$ (® scanned with OKEN Scanner ’ = 5 : pegs 7“ lhicelled and ntulticelied placed together. py —{thlamydomonas) (sproqyrq) ——Cchiorein ui | us 2 a ( Plants) ~( Fungi) ai: i &_Drawbnexe of eatlief RW. switievors 5 kingdom . Classification CNASS|G cafion i AltautetoPhs: ‘ Cosulened guns) al Heemioph — ANiMar | Fungi Placed_{n_/Plantae = ae x CEX Wiese = easy cats a © Scanned with OKEN Scanner vr a > Plantae Animal fa | @nt == _ 2 =< Om Fungi ———| Protista Animalia a (Auto =~ m => Aetero | {i= raode_of_niutritian, = lar YS oT ce “ont c > @ m% | + > thallus organisatim. cm @nt CV Ont |r) oc R Ret | 4 i (Raila. iD) e& i _p => Phylogen Cevolutomory ga bE (physics ) 2 History) e _ |e > cen structure el iF [(chemisiry ) a Atchae badesja _ Eubackeoia. FZ i linseed seperated Atchaebacteria From eubacteria on be 5 _, [tease i Monera Prokicta Fung) / Plantae spimalia foe i Li “ 55 = E = I “toss [estasena | revista eu Teronae [enimaiia | l cierla, f L is Sean ge I { = ap at a 3- Domains (Progens (& Scanned with OKEN Scanner bb) el b | b —___ S) Histnne’ patel. Absen ®_ in some Species @ ene polymerase @ RNA Polymerase single _type. Many type at UPESEE che histone. — Tue. iv | 14 Tor 2025 (ect=02 Friday Kingdom Monela.). SE Sb SUL z circular OS ONA weg BIS oneal = ae — Ribosomes 108. diy (® scanned with OKEN Scanner ERRORRE Kere pitatio Ge i" Ge “ig! a. pie oh Ipake (sti ch) Faciltative Ge Gembes. gan [ optimnal > They can't “Optimal e« Survive wilhout Survive ip the eo Oy gen presence oF oe oxygen ~- Respirat\nn ra ee = = Facultative Focultotive = pAnaemhe L =— Nutrition ae = ___Autotrophs Hetmnttophs — S App + ip ———> arp ADP +ip ———>_ ATP = v ws = Hlize ATP__+o. Can synthesize = Synthesize Food Food 2 = Se 2 eS 2 _Autotophs —) Heterotmph | ge ay - = oxidatim of Recah =oPmph = hop +ip=> arp ADP +ip “SAP App +ip=s ATP ADP+ipasiy oT p Y J L pay — = 2 Autottophs: : = ae os 2 Phot autntmpbs. a ae = aXe (axidation Of), = App+ip ===" — arp Lapp +ip chemicals 7 ase = 4 | Z sal a wl spiosig Food ees = NOs | NOS} NUE a CoztH0— Cottio%s COMB CoHOc + So ps +02, de tf = H-donor 20H donor > Has XS EZ = cynobacierla _&g. Sulphur = we ” ba cree oan = (® scanned with OKEN Scanner \enee ADP+ip ——> i i OF nuntent energy —> ATP — Food reeeeeree t 10) Pa H—PH A Ee cA acl fe ophs helps in recyc ing of ni rien = -s © e | ¢ ( Parasite Symbiofi ae & (™Major\ & a ‘ UE ! Rito oe akon oud mtg AnkbioHC Sunthesis = { Laciobad| US) streptom: I) q Frankia ana + 2 CAN_aie hetertophs5 i al = (& Scanned with OKEN Scanner a a - = ——— = © some of the bacteri ia_are. oe = = pisease causative agent = © tetonum > _clastrid ium TTetani___ 3 ® ctnletg — == Vibrio cholera (2 genomic on) —) @_cittus canker ————”_‘Xanthomonas_citri = = @ typhoid Salmonella typhi = i SS =| = =—___ Asexual] Sexual = 2-7 One_parent > Two parents > is ‘ j = 2 Gamefogeness_diways —___ = © nt @®_ nt Fy clans nb variations nt _| hat | > Watlations@ nb. > secmbinaim oat ___|>secombinaiign © nt = premeen oree — al en Sp Reproduction i ee 1 at a : —3 Favourable Wourab | —_Condiim condit’m = _ 7 4 (® scanned with OKEN Scanner 5 ARR | | <= e& e& _ e& c= ec ee ca eo oo = * fakes place prior to Fissign __. ‘- - ~ eo Las nine = are smn, organelles @nt_ = -—organe _Hisinne Tubulin Histone nt at dluplicat' bulin Ont. a 1m. +ubull = J = & 1 #) 6 phase. 4) __ prot to _Fissien e o J. = am = = ee = = = a i 4 (& Scanned with OKEN Scanner x0Sponum aes | endosporluny, Cortex -e contains Ca-DPA = Calcium dipicolinic acid . a4 Responsible For Strength oF endospore. = = __ Resistant to high temps acid, base — _— => Lod amount of Water and! jous “‘imettaboliGm —____" Means of perination... (Helpsito sunive _in_unfav. cond”) = rif i — one \ endian \ - RNA. u protal pret 4 Formalion of New HOC, 1s Jul 2003, lect-03 sem Sarurday Binary Fission — 90 minutes BISees eS S Sd veo yyy UV I 1 1 pPpoRP 205560: SGOSS S| \opactera Besao5| SSSSo6 = Time token +0 Full & \aq = {\ 190 — enti esse aa & = 200 min a. AB = mn (® scanned with OKEN Scanner ie — Transformation Conjugation sranduction $3 = => Gametogenesis_— nt ee : a => Recombindtim inte oe oz > False! sexiial ss capsule © nt Smooth —+ capsule Ont = = y -_ = —— | = = Rough (R-Form) ee 4 ba a Sep (S=Form) a ——o le le e \ = ey L — a ; 4 = 2 — << ~CAFGHain) Df =) i] = alive “bead Fz -_ _ = fil a ay Heat ried mee = | | | | = = J J J ae iH - ae isa | Bs 4 ke _alive dead_due to alive dead due +o S e pneiMonia, Pneumonia a y (® scanned with OKEN Scanner = & = © , « 5 a aes & __S-for ry) an e& =e see Tear ATTEG e aa eS & = form orm —ConvetE_. form fe = al eds" oh. ea Ge a is @nt inh (Non Pathogenic —> Pathogenic \ - - “© New form develope in this pmress + - - Thats why 4rangeormatia is also considerd as SexUal __ @ ‘jon e = = — a_i 8 6 _ ae ae a= ie = [ Cd il | e/ | / |e rsd CAT, Vey oe e+ eo 3 ex i Be Ft e- = = = primitive ype of ONA ttansFer = = => pecombinatm— FO —> Fh. : s (& Scanned with OKEN Scanner (® scanned with OKEN Scanner 1 Arter _Cynobacteria it chill become onidising © 18 oxugenic photosynthesis = Sunthesize marsans Substance. ——Snieses rane satan [@uucbitedes rreck ater lasing pater _| moist Soil _@ obit - —Unicelled| colonia) 1 Filamentous a BR Crease © colour = They can be Variable in cotour (® scanned with OKEN Scanner Not boul = y us. provide Buoyancy JOY anes oe s 7 Fil Di crodices omygen eugene =a _Cinobaciania. z AG phofosynthesis a sg-ostte ___{ 7 / PSTONk ‘Per Ont ¥ i S&S ‘ mi synihesi ze | = a dl Cixation, COS Cay SS fl Sensitive tO oxygen. Eo ad “Heteroayst of aypobaceria. 4 — “PSI One S Impermeable For oxygen — ~PSz @nt- = om — = q = =€Atchachacteria\ i — v = Ancient: i — b ; = eras nw z i LL Acdity J Thermpacida philes Halophiles "yh (& Scanned with OKEN Scanner LTPKKKKKK ; : - A o Se = ees Stabe in heat & = _& Toq_ polymerase Pelu_polymerase = v v - obtained _#pm Obialned Ema pyrococcuis = Themous aquatics Euriosus | 4 cynobaderia blooms in Polluted water | ido | Cexcessive Guth) (® scanned with OKEN Scanner 1 HT -.l eC}-0 | _ 7 ee : ar Ne 17 Jul 2024 u 0 4, @ 4 “oon OO t * Monday | ine | Fg. of ROR © _Nostoc @__Anabaena * @ Avista. ie Jennings eee E * © osilatoria , , ‘ . a a Mycoplasma | Ppa J staat = i ve , 5 p Pan eewarcant = | = Smallest living Organtsm -~ = Cee Camden) 5 a eS cop oa ee t 6 2 Po plemphicden ee aisen & [* Penicillin resistant bed E> Parasite 2 = _Pathagenta tafbath\olants and Animals = - E— Elementary Bodies (Helps In_repioductian) = — tilaminas. =o i INC A = _Anaetobe [Ly > non motile . pac [tative anaembe e ope (® scanned with OKEN Scanner * Mycoplasma are facultative —e! —anaetobe. = $2 ptimally E Elementary “5 Se Bodies tt {reIps 1h repre _& They are tne smatiest living whe Peg ——organigm_whidh_can_survive op Ge __withour oxygen ear pS DNA. Geer Because they have Variable a dion Natron Fopred.a r - yeaa as_Sope in Shade bul Comptes henaale es v a _____Becayse they do not have Membrane bound oranda. — X = 2xingdom sid Kingdom ae classification ame = , 1 Heckel = Carolus Linnaeus y a Protista. = & es MN i ii el Sl 5 R defined boundries = E M - z L = E = = e 5+ Inqdon class ii ation = e \ a Ez RH vwhitteKarls = E 4 if e He placed a unicetiular eukaryotes Z L SE ingdinsproticta en i » (& Scanned with OKEN Scanner ™ = @ Acco! 5 Kingdcam Classification aU __untcellulgy aan ier ei All unicellular AlLunjcellular: Animals Bung 39 —cHamydomonas: _ Bq. Protezoa_ £9. yeast. & | Chioreula | lime mould i Are placed in Kingdom proHsta. U ____ in Kingdom Protisha #2 _____tiinpus' SS i All unicellular All unicellular Al_wnicel ular plants. Animals Pungi- Producer Consumers Decomposers. : Sie ne i ista_ Bui maximum nutritimal diversity © at © Producer —> paseo Ss ee J cS D £ chrysophytes, ninoFlaqeliates uglenoids _ (& Scanned with OKEN Scanner | R121 A © & Ih N i i; = (S29p box i) “Seat. - {> Two Git overlapping sheit i Deposition of silica. ese |i D: = Soint: | chrysophy}es pinspagellates | a _& | Ss | -_watine- suoer_|ereshwoter— 6 sh wares Cs tagnent wale), | ere = = | & | @® nt © nt. 9.ce)) wal @nt On a nt. _S 8. Flagevio Ont @® nat ® = = _ch\=a) _& -4_Bigm ri | chi-a chl-a . i | chi=c chi=c_ chi-b oa - : ~ Phy sapnybes - Z Haha 2 = E Desmids Diftoms.) # i = & en, Algae é see Brown og E T =| f (Saks | = = = -_ _A which makeS celtwat) indestuctibie, —_SIliCo_provide gigs [ike ci ppearance, j (® scanned with OKEN Scanner j e - y es Aer their death r ir de pe \ Eg They accumulate at tne bottom of the a = ocear 5 u 2 @ Forms Huge body > 4 = Diatomaceous earthy. 5 ; = = Diatoms 2 ESes> > c U = a 3 Chief producer in Microscopic | DiatoMaceoUs, 2—_Ocean_ecasysten, Cart > —Flagella \ > fF Ont — FikT atimor 5 Passively Float oil 2 With water = Stone paiishi- ; current = Sound proof room. mye [a ee elo aiming ——Gibiisy— tem, Cea v x oe oe the {ndicator of water oo ution v They are nt in-poluked walter. (® scanned with OKEN Scanner r ured . cen € oe <€& == < & & ee i are re « gad bh . Thecal Lotica she ‘& Ce Chimauredaigae y = oe Flagel to. ec ——tim i inoFlagellate = sf 2a se] q ‘ aL = —_in_colour 4 produces toxin = ! J Rapid if a a " iplicat| toxin > dh SS - -Red a ee which can I4iIl_Marine =Yellod =e Gnimals like Fish 7 =Ofdnge Oo i Red tide) and_produces paralytic Sheu Bish poison ng Cese) 6 _ aes 4 oe “ - Coioluminesce =| o 3 ij (& Scanned with OKEN Scanner Sir Said > ete Rank, will, be come my ‘yasveen 2024 tis year. Red_colour_oF Red Ocean _—= Ss a — Synthesis decompases G > —_ Predator when 7 == when Sunlight suntignt 4 : ad =O ot © nt an ee Fuglenaid = = 7 3 = connecting link bet? Sheir_pigments are See Sat = ae cee plants 4 gy. © ceti wall O.nt 4 fon a ene nt @ _Pellicles_@ nt ra ‘chi-a8 are Ont ; (® scanned with OKEN Scanner hed Tide = Red_colour_p& Red Ocean > Gainjautge) _G¢rjchodesmium )—> 828 — Gay ee eg. py 7 Se Gi Be Prout = o nnecHing links inb — bee plant g animals. 5 5— > Perform photo They wl be¢9n@ me Synthesis __decampas@e e- 4 Predatow when — — 5 when Sunligf suntight ‘is ight @ nt © nt V = lenaid. A gaa aah ie SS a connecting link ber? Their pigments: Ore rE imal identical to higher pldnt See es fedfihe plants = Dba ==) perform photocy. @_cel wat! O.nt = © chia & chtb ant @ Pellicles © nt = @ contractile vacuole @ nt = a 2S _ - my cia ie nia Rok ech cola A CRCRLa poe ‘n_eug\ena i = ; oy y y (& Scanned with OKEN Scanner pe al “Rasa pete gt Fanaa ages a AS BURA Saha are” identical to higher _ plants. fem lem ta |! —Tinsel plagela Two Unequad Flagelia > v ‘Flagea. F ; Pe Se aes Z es different Flogela¢ STght Sensive << sunlight £ a] 2 « a ‘ [ Anterior end > Broad rd ( — plasma membrane . ¥ Pe) — Protein rich i a a wis = Makes rorein Carbohydr oe Sues | euglena (Flexible 3 S = > Posterior end —> sharp - - x Ensiead o4 having Cell Wal they = have pellicle. = = = x} a -_ 4 (& Scanned with OKEN Scanner Ee Qutch Revision oF = ir unt DinoFlagellates euglendids __d) =econneding tins _ Se chi = mcr chief producers Two Flagella = > Microscopic = Red tide => producer decumpasere = — Phytoplankton —> PsP E =e chla-chi-b @nt =~ giity > Variable = Pellide | = \ Wo lo => aquatic = aquatic Cee) Plab =| = => aquatic cM) | rt Prokaryotes US | Eukaryotes. iq = ucieus ent) eer = ¥fston = Histone @ nt Nucleus © nt Histone © nt I I L \ (esoxaryoies) Eq 3 NincFlageliates TIPPP ED DIDIDD (® scanned with OKEN Scanner Slime Soul v L SH chy, Fungus Cis E gh C7 unicenied MulHcelled Shae CE es es © aceliwar Slime mould I Fotmed due to a a \— = ~“foasmodium) ly Several feet ong. TS, Y Cee Plasmodium js Feeding, on higs- U uw 7 mek PT ETHVIVERPTTIPVEPP RAPER KEK Mee (® scanned with OKEN Scanner A =n mee Fruiting body i > Fip Cunfav. cond) } J likes i re 9 = « — N Sx a Thue cell Wal Highly disperse by v fesistant et. ir curent & COUUIOSIC call = wall 5 | = 5 ; i Sila = Favourable cond” unfavourable cond? spares a ei ea ; = Foeding stuge endting body «tue _* Highly \ =)! J a 2 eu ot st} ot sper: by ale Severs feet Formby eerie tong aggrejakion a | - (® scanned with OKEN Scanner Fresh _Marin_mo! 9. tabit | AN are predate or el are endo 4Ex Entamotba Trypanosoma | o! ic WN ey histoly ico Veepidineae | Param edum | plaSmodium © Scanned with OKEN Scanner Prime Animal + x they_are__ primitive _telarive_of animays 2 : _ ee > They all are _Heterotinphs c= a jis <= Predato® parasite Free living. cc : c= STIul coos Lect-06 oo Friday ea SSS —— Cell wall “TUR cel) Watt formation of Sad Sin ee HE GOOTE. fr 3 body a ie { ; = =_Animat Plant Fungo = ~_ feature feature Reabure _ = -_¢ Proicoa are clascifed on the basis of —locnmotary gituct S = = |_‘bmoencid —baneate Cilictes’ |gpormzoons ie - ~ 1. Locomotary pseudopedia | glagenio. Cilia | absent = _studure | | o a | | | | a aHobiat AquaFic | quae | _ Aquatic ral are endop j pari snl ! SOOSTES = = 3 A Amoeboids Be = a oe = > . ANG) oe ay ie v cs Pseudopodio. = joist Soil. al Fresh + Sa i organism ile vacuole eae = contain(Gilica. — 1CC eet OO lenic Habitat + Aquatic +a == tape \ x= _Tyypanosomg p> Vector —> Tse-Tse fly. Predator ar Parasiie (& Scanned with OKEN Scanner —Locomotang studure += cilia + —Hablink 1 Aquakic ~_tabit ¢- Predator rievee ree ~2—__ Paramecium te —> The ast are = +a Habitat J endo parasite Ex = Malaria) Porasite =P falciparum Plasmodium % Malaria = * Thats why Kingdom FuNgi is called aS =—4 Kingdom Mycota 4 4 a (& Scanned with OKEN Scanner us A1a- 2asp, D - I u if mS ee B A D p re c AT Rg —P as a a (Bs = Bh quae : i PIIVLN a (® scanned with OKEN Scanner ow my a4 = 8: Jeng ————— ; = pee eu 2 ea D eet = a A. ‘ U c Ar aliernaria 8 4 es As Aspergillus _C AL pibugo 6 & Ag = AgaricuS _N T i & & Eungi S ae (ie cs copual € a A D Pp * = —U > ustilago Cy clavicepus At: R= Rhizopus _¢, Ag N= Neumspora. ae Trichoderma 141 muycot . 1 ichophyton i & i ¢ ee g 8 D P & * — ustilago __C > clavice pus _AT- pltemnaria _R = Rhizopus ‘ P= Puccinia __ A'S >-AsperilloUS C-collectotricu = Albugo s Ag— AgatiwWS _N—> Neurospora Tt Trichoderma _M > Mucor. if =a = Trichophyton 3 (& Scanned with OKEN Scanner Bracnet Hing» qanoderma ga | a "@ | == a D p > i ae US =} fF id wd + P= Puccinia. As ASperqillouS c-collectotricum Al» Albugo ¥ (Rust) rcan€ i Mustard . s AQ — AgatiglS N— Neurospora > Trichoderma M— Mucor a___(ushroom) __Cprosophilla oF cyclosporin (Dung mould) > Plant kinadom) —_T 4 * = & x Trichophyton - a Tathelet Foot) 4 = > == : 4 D ( © 0 —ustilaga C-davicepus AT = Altemaria 8 = Rhizopu = : ~ P= i = 2 i Al = Puccinia_—_ASaspergillus _c-colledotnicum Al» Albugo ea N= Neurospora. Powreatam M — Mucor. = LeTrychoghytoo = Ee “ ‘ (& Scanned with OKEN Scanner ——— tala) = = Ra ~UWA_— = AZ F —Early Blight | Sa a i z oF (A = alternatia P > phytoptho oF solani pngestanse. oe = os Gung ate Cosma palitan) i) oem (eee = = sey aera present Anywhere. S— But they prefer to_gimu) on al | J SSS = versatile chiFinous, High absor pHi, c enzyme cell watt “eaticiency a =a L J = -——Onything = = - = —_s = = - 3 a mS (& Scanned with OKEN Scanner Caulocay OF ow B= gluwse { polunertsation FS oars Na acetyl polymerisation Celullose aie I Titoots At oh RET a — | Fi Inga cel lage = chi Hn: Ba Chitin i if 4 ; Fa e = (& Scanned with OKEN Scanner LECr-O el 2024 aves ~~ mwotw e & Thursdi Paget jursday — = ToT & — i eo Ln most of the fungi n_some fungi Se 4 J = composed _of chitin cellulose oe q (Polysaccharide) _‘See 4 E go oe 5 al ——@ Ceu_wall in fung| cre composed _of : 2 =_ bye j pS itin + _ ou = Polysaorhar ide gos Adarren rae re enter ye fF Eynat are non-motile But they looks motile . 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