History of the

United States

PRESENTED BY ANNA MILYUKOVA

It is not definitively known how and when
Native Americans first settled in the territory of
the modern United States. The vast majority of
theories suggest that humans migrated from
Eurasia across the Beringia land bridge that
connected Siberia and Alaska during the Ice
Age. Later, they migrated south across the
Americas and may have reached Antarctica.
This migration began about 30,000 years ago[1]
and continued for about 20,000 years until the
land bridge was submerged by rising sea levels
caused by the end of the last ice age.[2] These
ancient inhabitants, called Paleoamericans,
soon split into many hundreds of diverse
peoples, tribes, and nationalities.
 PALEOINDIANS
By 10,000 BC e., humans were relatively well
established throughout North America. At first,
Paleoindians hunted Ice Age megafauna like
mammoths, but when they began to die out, humans
instead turned to bison as a food source. Over time,
foraging for berries and seeds became an important
alternative hunting. Paleoindians in central Mexico
were the first in the Americas to start farming,
planting corn, beans, and squash around 8,000 BC.
Later, knowledge spread northward. One of the
earliest cultures in the modern United States was the
Clovis culture, which is primarily identified by the use
of grooved spear points called Clovis points. From
9100 to 8850 BC. culture spread over much of North
America and also appeared in South America.
Artifacts from this culture were first excavated in 1932
near Clovis, New Mexico. The Folsom culture was
similar but marked by the use of the Folsom point
 COLONIZATION OF AMERICA
The famous Icelandic Viking Leif Erikson discovered America 500 years before
Columbus, calling it Vinland. After the Vikings, the first Europeans on the
American continent were the Spanish. In October 1492, a Spanish expedition led
by Admiral Christopher Columbus landed on the island of San Salvador. The
French first set foot on the land of the New World as route seekers to the Pacific
Ocean.
In 1585 and 1587, Sir Walter Raleigh, by order of Queen Elizabeth I of England,
made two attempts to establish a permanent settlement in North America.An
exploratory expedition reached the American shore in 1584 and named the open
coast Virginia in honor of the unmarried Elizabeth I. The attempts ended in
failure - the first colony was on the verge of destruction and was evacuated by Sir
Francis Drake in April 1587.
 The Declaration of Independ
of the United States
During the war for independence, on July 4, 1776, the II
Continental Congress adopted the "Declaration of
Independence", according to which the English colonies were
declared an independent state - the United States of America.
The head of the commission for drafting its text was 33-year-old
lawyer T. Jefferson. The "Declaration" proclaimed the main
democratic principles - the equality of people, their natural right
to life, freedom and the pursuit of happiness, and the people
were recognized as the source of power.In 1787, a special
meeting of state representatives adopted the US constitution
(entered into force in 1789). It established the creation of an
independent federal state from individual states that retained
broad self-government and their own constitutions, the
principles of people's rule and the separation of powers.
T. Jefferson
 Native Indians
After the war for independence, many Americans began to
move to western lands. This area was home to more than 35
Indian tribes. They lived in settlements on the banks of rivers
and engaged in primitive agriculture and bison hunting.
Before Europeans arrived in North America, 60 million of
these animals roamed the prairies from the Rocky
Mountains to the Mississippi River, from Canada to Texas.The
mass resettlement of colonists to North America and their
advance to the west of the continent put an end to the
nomadic life of the Indians. The appearance of firearms led
to the mass destruction of bison, so the Indians were forced
to starve. The spread of diseases, to which the Indians had no
immunity, led to the extinction of entire tribes. In the course
of constant clashes with settlers and the US army, the
Indians were forcibly driven to reservations, and their way of
life sank into oblivion.
America in the First World
War
At the beginning of the First World War, the desire to
maintain neutrality prevailed in the United States. President
Wilson, shocked by the destructive nature of the conflict and
worried about its possible adverse consequences for the
United States in the event of a prolonged military action, tried
to act as a mediator between the warring parties. But his
peacemaking efforts did not succeed, mainly because both
sides did not lose hope of winning the decisive battle.
Meanwhile, the US is sinking deeper and deeper into the
dispute over the rights of neutral countries to the sea. Great
Britain controlled the situation in the world ocean, allowing
neutral countries to trade and at the same time blocking
German ports
Woodrow Wilson
THE GREAT DEPRESSION IN THE UNITED STATES
In the United States, the Great Depression began with the Wall Street Crash in
October 1929. The stock market crash ushered in a decade of high unemployment,
poverty, low incomes, deflation, plummeting farm incomes, and lost opportunities for
economic growth. and also for personal development. Overall, there was a general
loss of confidence in the economic future. [83] Common explanations include
numerous factors, especially high consumer debt, poorly regulated markets that
allowed overly optimistic lending to banks and investors, and a lack of new industries
that quickly are developing. Industries such as construction, shipping, mining,
logging, and agriculture (supplemented by dusty conditions in the central part of the
country) were the hardest hit. Also hard hit were the production of durable goods
such as automobiles and appliances, which consumers could delay purchasing.
Economy bottomed out in the winter of 1932–1933; four years of growth followed, until
the recession of 1937–1938 brought back high unemployment
Second World War
As in World War I, the United States did not directly engage in hostilities
after the outbreak of World War II. However, as early as September 1940,
the United States introduced the Lend-Lease program — the provision of
arms assistance to Great Britain. The States also supported China, which
was at war with Japan, and announced an embargo on oil supplies to
that country. After the German attack on the USSR in June 1941, the
lend-lease program was extended to the USSR as well. In the Pacific
theater of operations in October 1944, the largest naval battle in history
took place in Leyte Gulf. The Japanese fleet suffered catastrophic losses,
after which the American Navy gained absolute supremacy at sea. The
Japanese Air Force also suffered catastrophic losses from the superior US
Air Force. On October 20, the Americans under the command of General
Douglas MacArthur began landing on the island of Leyte (southern
Philippines) and cleared it of Japanese troops by December 31. On
January 9, 1945, the Americans landed on the main island of the
Philippine archipelago, Luzon. During January-February, most of the
Japanese troops in Luzon were defeated, and on March 3, the Americans
entered the Philippine capital. By May, most of the Philippines had been
liberated, with only the remnants of Japanese troops in the mountains
and jungles continuing to resist until August.
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