Agriculture Padhai Online Classes [APOC]
IBPS AFO | NABARD | NSC | FCI | Pre PG | JRF | RAEO | SADO | ADA | AAO | All Agri Exams
ONE
ONE-LINER EXTENSION
Extension education is an educational process to bring about desirable changes.
changes
Essential role of an extension worker is to create effective learning situation.
Diffusion is the process between people.
KVK is non mobile.
Leagans model of communication is the best application to field extension work.
Education in schools and colleges is an example of formal education.
Agricultural extension is an example of non formal education.
Formal education is a vertical system of education.
Extension education is a horizontal system of education.
Formal education starts with theory.
Extension education is a two way channel, dynamic process and continuous
educational process.
The
he term extension was first originated in Germany in 1866.
The world ‘extension’ was used first in USA
Education activity was started first time in USA
Extension is a two way process between farmer and researcher.
Father of extension education is J. P. Leagans.
Father of extension education in India K N Singh.
Cooperative extension services is a result of Smith Liver act.
Indian Society of extension education was established in 1964.
First all India coordinated research project in education educated was sanctioned in
1977.
The division of extension was established in 1971.
Education is considered as a process of socialization.
An extension worker is a professional leader.
The concept of extension education process was developed by leagans.
The extension education
ducation process involves 5 steps.
In extension teaching teachers should first know attitude of learners.
The shape to be followed by learning curve in teaching is S shape.
The person considered as the father of learning is Thorndike.
Oldest form of extensionion teaching is method demonstration.
Method demonstration and result demonstration is a group contact extension method.
For seating arrangement projected AIDS must follow 2 * 6 rule.
In ABC principle of audio visual AIDS represents attractiveness ‘B’ represents
repr
brevity and ‘C’ represents clarity.
The cone of experience was initially devised by Edgar Dale.
Standard size of flannel graph should be 30 x 40 inch for 150 people.
people
Agriculture Padhai Online Classes Mob. 8461968163 Page 1
Agriculture Padhai Online Classes [APOC]
IBPS AFO | NABARD | NSC | FCI | Pre PG | JRF | RAEO | SADO | ADA | AAO | All Agri Exams
This standard size of flash cards should be 22 x 28 inches.
Starting point of extension work is need of people and interest of people
Farming system approach is a bottom up approach
Father of P R A is R Chambers.
First education work was done in 1785 in Philadelphia state of USA when few farmers
got together and organized to sell ttheir produce.
In 1862 morril land grant Act was passed in USA and signed by the president Lincon.
Morril was an educationist. The objectives of this act was “all the agricultural institutes
would pass on their innovations to rural people
In 1885 the concept of demonstration was given by Dr. Seaman A. Knapp.
He generated a new variety demonstrate on one million acre farm in Lausannia.
Therefore he is known as father of method demonstration
On the basis of American pattern i.e. Land grant college pattern, the first agricultural
university at Pant nagar was establish in India.
But the study of extension education as a cause study first time started at Sabour
(Bhagalpur) in Bihar in 1956
1956.
The most basic function of communication is to influence.
Listening is considered as the art of communication.
The most important element in communication process is receiver.
Identification method of key communicator includes sociometric method, self
designation technique and information rating.
Physical bridge
idge in communication process is channel.
Ultimate objective of any communication process is audience response.
response
Feedback is carrying some significant response back to the communicator, action
reaction interdependence is communication and a source oriented concepts.
The concept of feedback was given by Berlo’s.
The first model in the history of communication theory was given by Aristotle.
On an average a person spend 70% time in communication verbally.
Entropy is messaging of degree of randomness our choicechoice.
Homophily is degree to which a pair of individuals who communicate are similar in
certain attributes such as belief education social status.
Heterophily is degree to which pairs of individuals who interact are different in certain
attributes.
Minikit trial and farm clinic are individual method of communication.
Personal letter should have less than 18 words.
Number of cards in a flash card should be 10 - 12.
Number of pages in a bulletin should be 24 - 48.
The number of pages a leaflet usually will contain is fore.
Agriculture Padhai Online Classes Mob. 8461968163 Page 2
Agriculture Padhai Online Classes [APOC]
IBPS AFO | NABARD | NSC | FCI | Pre PG | JRF | RAEO | SADO | ADA | AAO | All Agri Exams
The first newspaper started in India was the Bengal gazette.
In India Doordarshan was started in April 1976.
Prasar bharti come into existence in January 1997.
Broadcasting throw radio started in India on July 23, 1927 at Mumbai.
The effective rate of delivery of talks in radio is 120 - 140 words per minute.
A paper containing the message are prepared with sandpaper banking and are placed
one by one in a sequence along with talk is flannel graph.
The primary colours used in extensi
extension are red, blue and yellow.
The basic colours in extension are cyan, magenta and red.
Needless to say, a good extension worker should be a good communicator.
Teaching and learning is the process of communication.
Teacher acts as catalyst.
Communication means ans sharing of ideas and feeling in a mood of mutuality.
It is the two way or double way process.
Communication involves:
Source and message.
Receiver and his response
The chief emphasis is communication on target audience (not on material or medium)
The concept
oncept of demonstration was given by S. A. Knapp.
Father of demonstration
demonstration-
All India coordinated research project on national demonstration started in 1964.
The program which shows the genetic production potentiality of new technology is
called National demonstration.
monstration.
National Institute of Agricultural extension management (MANAGE) at Hyderabad
established in 1986.
Indirect and inferential feedback is available in mass media.
All India Radio started 1936
1936.
Akashwani started 1957
1957.
Best style of presentation of radio talks with farmers is group discussion.
Community development programme launched by Dr. Rajendra Prasad.
Ministry of Panchayati Raj established in 2004.
ATIC is component of NATPNATP.
First Agri clinic setup - 28 May 2001 at Vapi Gujarat.
The basic unit of PRI is Gram Sabha.
The basic operational unit for rural development is block.
Reading newspaper is an intrapersonal communication.
Communication has three phases’ expression, interpretation and response.
The process of mass communication book written by Berlo’s.
The role of extension education in India is performed by State Agriculture
University.
Agriculture extension worker is a messenger man.
Agriculture Padhai Online Classes Mob. 8461968163 Page 3
Agriculture Padhai Online Classes [APOC]
IBPS AFO | NABARD | NSC | FCI | Pre PG | JRF | RAEO | SADO | ADA | AAO | All Agri Exams
Sensory situation is more in interpersonal communication.
Farm management is an entire farm science.
Flash card is characterized by sequence, suspense and storytelling.
A play card displayed in a public place with the purpose of creating awareness is called
Poster.
Size of the poster 50 - 75 cm and later height is 1.5 inch.
The motion picture camera records the still picture at a rate of 24 per second
Basic concept of sociology - society
First Hindi newspaper published in 1826 from Kolkata was udant Martand.
Martand
Kheti (Hindi journal) was started in 1947 by ICAR.
Model village orr ideal village project was started in 1903 by Daniel Hamilton.
Indian Journal of extension education, IARI New Delhi.
Indian Research journal of extension education, Agra.
Extension digest, MANAGE Hyderabad.
Krishi chayanika, ICAR.
Kurukshetra, Ministry oof Rural Development.
Kisan Bharti, Pantnagar.
Krishi Jagat, Bhopal (1946)
Indian farming, ICAR (1940)
Indian Journal of Agricultural science, ICAR (1931)
E choupal started by ITC.
Agriculture Padhai Online Classes Mob. 8461968163 Page 4
