EXPERIMENT 4

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this week is to learn about internet

That is TCP/IP, how to access websites and email, search engine and
Cyber Hygiene.
AIM:
NETWORK:
a network refers to a system of interconnected computers and other
devices that can communicate and share resources. This
communication can occur through various means, such as wired
connections (like Ethernet cables) or wireless connections (like WiFi).
Computer networks allow the sharing of data, files, and resources,
facilitating tasks such as file sharing, internet access, and
collaborative work. They can range from small local networks within
a home or office to largescale global networks like the internet.

INTERNET:
The Internet is a global network of interconnected computers and
servers that Allows the exchange of information and services through
standardized protocols, enabling communication, collaboration, and
access to a vast array of resources.
The Internet serves a multitude of purposes, including:

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1.Information Access: Provides a vast repository of information on
various subjects, allowing users to research, learn, and stay informed.
2.Communication: Enables real time communication through email,
instant messaging, video calls, and social media platforms.
3.Collaboration: Facilitates collaborative work through online
platforms, allowing individuals and teams to collaborate on projects
irrespective of physical location.
4.Entertainment: Offers a wide range of entertainment options,
including streaming services, online games, and social media content.
5.Ecommerce: Supports online shopping and financial transactions,
allowing users to buy and sell goods and services globally.
6.Education: Provides access to online courses, educational
resources, and learning platforms, making education more
accessible.
7.Research and Development: Facilitates research by providing
access to scientific journals, databases, and collaborative tools for
researchers and scientists.
8.Social Interaction: Connects people globally, fostering social
interactions through social media platforms and online communities.
9.News and Media: Serves as a platform for news dissemination,
with many news outlets providing updates and reports online.
10.Remote Work: Enables remote work by providing tools for virtual
meetings, file sharing, and project collaboration.
11.Internet of Things (IoT): Supports the interconnection of devices,
allowing them to communicate and share data, enhancing
automation and efficiency in various domains.

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The Internet's versatility contributes significantly to the modern
interconnected world, impacting various aspects of daily life and
business.

LAN (LOCAL AREA NETWORK):

A Local Area Network (LAN) is a network of interconnected
computers and devices within a limited geographical area, such as a
home, office, or campus. LANs facilitate the sharing of resources like
files, printers, and internet connections among connected devices.
Communication within a LAN is typically fast and has high data
transfer rates since the devices are in close proximity to each other.
Ethernet cables and Wi-Fi are common technologies used to establish
connections in a LAN.

MAN (METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK):

A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is a type of network that spans
a larger geographic area than a Local Area Network (LAN) but is
smaller than a Wide Area Network (WAN). It typically covers a city or
a large campus. MANs connect multiple LANs within a metropolitan

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area, allowing organizations or entities in different locations to share
resources and information. MANs often use technologies such as
Fiber optics and wireless connections to provide highspeed data
transfer within the designated metropolitan region. They are
commonly used to interconnect various local networks and support
communication needs for businesses and institutions across a city.

WAN (WIDE AREA NETWORK):

A Wide Area Network (WAN) is a network that covers a broad area,
often spanning cities, countries, or even continents. Unlike Local Area
Networks (LANs) that operate within a limited geographic area,
WANs connect multiple LANs and other network devices over long
distances. WANs use various technologies, including dedicated leased
lines, satellite links, and virtual private networks (VPNs), to enable
communication and data exchange between geographically dispersed
locations. The internet itself can be considered a global WAN. WANs
play a crucial role in connecting remote offices and providing access
to centralized resources on a large scale.

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TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol):
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is a suite of
communication protocols that form the foundation for the Internet
and most networks. It consists of two main protocols:
1.Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): Responsible for establishing
and maintaining a reliable, connection-oriented communication
between applications on different devices. TCP ensures that data is
delivered without errors and in the correct order.
2.Internet Protocol (IP): Manages the addressing and routing of data
packets so they can be sent across networks and arrive at the correct
destination. IP is responsible for the logical connection of devices and
provides the foundation for the internet's addressing system.
 TCP/IP defines how devices on a network should communicate,
ensuring compatibility and interoperability. It's a fundamental
protocol suite for internet communication and is used for data
transmission in various applications, from web browsing to
email and file transfers.

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HYPER TEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE (HTML):
 HTML, or Hyper Text Markup Language, is the standard markup
language for creating and designing web pages. It is the
backbone of most web content and provides the basic structure
for organizing and presenting information on the internet.
HTML uses a system of tags to define elements such as
headings, paragraphs, links, images, forms, and more.
 Web browsers interpret HTML code to render text, images, and
other media elements on a user's screen. HTML works in
conjunction with cascading style sheets (CSS) and JavaScript to
enhance the presentation and interactivity of web pages.
HTTP (HYPER TEXT TRANSFER LANGUAGE):
 HTTP, or Hypertext Transfer Protocol, is the foundation of data
communication on the World Wide Web. It is an application
layer protocol used for transmitting and receiving information
on the internet. When you enter a web address (URL) in your
browser, it sends an HTTP request to the server hosting the
requested content. The server then responds with the
requested data, typically in the form of a web page.
 HTTP operates as a request response protocol, where clients
(such as web browsers) send requests to servers, and servers
respond with the requested information. The communication

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 between the client and server is text based and follows a set of
rules outlined in the HTTP specification.
 With the advent of web security, HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer
Protocol Secure) has become more prevalent. HTTPS is a secure
version of HTTP that uses encryption protocols, such as TLS
(Transport Layer Security), to ensure the confidentiality and
integrity of data exchanged between the client and the server.
URLs that start with "https://" indicate a secure connection.

INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP):

 The Internet Protocol (IP) is a fundamental communication
protocol that provides the addressing and routing mechanisms
for data packets in computer networks, including the global
network known as the internet. It is an essential part of the
Internet Protocol Suite, commonly referred to as TCP/IP.
Key aspects of the Internet Protocol include:
1.Addressing: IP assigns a unique numerical address, known as an IP
address, to each device connected to a network. There are two
versions of IP addresses: IPv4 (32bit) and IPv6 (128bit), with IPv6
addressing the limitation of available IPv4 addresses.
2.Routing: IP facilitates the routing of data packets between devices
on different networks. Routers use IP addresses to determine the
optimal path for delivering data from the source to the destination
across the interconnected network.

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3.Packet Switching: IP breaks down data into packets for
transmission across the network. Each packet contains both the data
and metadata, including source and destination IP addresses. This
allows for efficient and reliable data transmission.
4.Versioning: As mentioned, there are two major versions of the
Internet Protocol, IPv4 and IPv6. IPv6 was introduced to address the
limitations of IPv4, primarily the exhaustion of available IP addresses
due to the increasing number of devices connected to the internet.
 IP works in conjunction with other protocols, such as
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram
Protocol (UDP), to enable reliable and connection oriented or
connectionless communication, respectively. Together, these
protocols form the basis for the functioning of the internet and
most computer networks.

SEARCH ENGINE:
A search engine is a software system designed to retrieve information
from the internet based on user queries. It accomplishes this by
crawling and indexing web pages, creating a searchable database.
When a user enters a search query, the search engine uses
algorithms to match the query with relevant entries in its index and
then presents a list of results ranked by relevance.
Some well-known search engines include Google, Bing, Yahoo, and
others. Google, in particular, dominates the search engine market
and is widely used globally.

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WEB BROWSERS:
Several web browsers are widely used for accessing and navigating
the internet. Some of the most popular ones include:
1.Google Chrome: Known for its speed, simplicity, and extensive
support for web standards, Google Chrome is one of the most widely
used web browsers.
2.Mozilla Firefox: An opensource browser that emphasizes speed,
privacy, and customization. Firefox supports a wide range of
extensions to enhance functionality.
3.Microsoft Edge: Developed by Microsoft, Edge is the default
browser in Windows 10 and offers a fast and secure browsing
experience. It's based on the Chromium engine, the same as Google
Chrome.
4.Apple Safari: Safari is the default web browser on Apple devices,
including iPhones, iPads, and Macs. It is known for its smooth
integration with Apple's ecosystem.
5.Opera: Opera is a feature-rich browser with a built-in ad blocker,
VPN, and other tools. It aims to provide a fast and customizable
browsing experience.

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  These browsers offer various features and cater to different
user preferences, including speed, security, privacy, and
customization options. Users often choose a browser based on
their specific needs and preferences.
BOOK MARKS:
A bookmark, in the context of web browsers, refers to a saved link to
a specific webpage that allows quick access to that page in the
future. Bookmarks are a way for users to save and organize their
Favourite or frequently visited websites for easy retrieval
1. Google Chrome:
Click on the star icon in the address bar.
Choose a folder to save the bookmark or leave it in the default
"Other bookmarks."
Optionally, edit the bookmark name and choose a different folder.
Click "Done."
2.Mozilla Firefox:
Click on the star icon in the address bar.
Choose a folder to save the bookmark or leave it in the default
"Other Bookmarks."
Optionally, edit the bookmark name and choose a different folder.
Click "Done."
3.Microsoft Edge:
Click on the star icon in the address bar.
Choose a folder to save the bookmark or leave it in the default
"Favourites."
Optionally, edit the bookmark name and choose a different folder.

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 Click "Add."
Once bookmarked, users can access their saved bookmarks through
the browser's bookmarks or favourites menu. This feature is handy
for quickly revisiting frequently visited websites without having to
remember or retype the web address each time.

POPUP BLOCKERS:
A popup blocker is a feature in web browsers or thirdparty software
designed to prevent unwanted popup windows from appearing when
you visit websites. Popup windows can be intrusive and often contain
advertisements, which can disrupt the user experience. Popup
blockers help enhance browsing by suppressing these unwanted
windows.

PLUGINS:

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Browser plugins (also commonly referred to as extensions or addons)
are software components that add specific features or functionalities
to web browsers. These plugins enhance the browsing experience by
providing additional tools, customization options, or integration with
external services.
CYBER HYGIENE:
Maintaining good cyber hygiene is essential in today's interconnected
digital environment to protect against cyberattacks, data breaches,
and other online threats. It's a shared responsibility for individuals,
businesses, and organizations to contribute to a safer and more
secure cyberspace.
 ANTIVIRUS:
Antivirus is software designed to detect, prevent, and remove
malicious software, commonly known as malware, from
computer systems. It helps safeguard computers and networks
by scanning files and activities for potential threats, blocking or
isolating malicious code, and regularly updating its database to
recognize new forms of malware.

 FIREWALLS:
A firewall is a network security system designed to monitor and
control incoming and outgoing network traffic based on
predetermined security rules. It acts as a barrier between a
trusted internal network and untrusted external networks, such
as the internet. Firewalls help prevent unauthorized access,

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 monitor data packets, and filter potentially malicious traffic,
enhancing the overall security of computer networks.

EMAIL:
 Go to your email service provider
 Type in your username and password once you have Open the
web address of your email provider you should be able to see a
login page enter your email account credential in the text field
provided
 If you forgot your Password you can click the forgot password if
you remind your Password you can change it to something else
within your email dashboard
 Click the login or sign in button to continue you should know
able to access your email inbox

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 EXPERIMENT 5
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this week is to learn about word tools
and create project certificate.
AIM: Using word create a project certificate
1. Formatting fonts in word,
2. Drop Cap in Word,
3. Applying Text Effect,
4. Using Character Spacing,
5. Borders and Colours,
6. Inserting Header and Footer,
7. Using Date and Time

1. Formatting Fonts:
 Function: Emphasize and style text for visual appeal and
readability.
 Highlight text, go to "Home" tab, adjust font type, size, colour,
and style.
 Bold: `Ctrl + B`
 Italic: `Ctrl + I`
 Underline: `Ctrl + U`

2. Drop Cap:
 Function: Add a decorative element to the initial letter,
providing a stylistic touch.
 Insert tab --> Text group --> Drop Cap --> Choose style.

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  No direct shortcut. Use the ribbon: `Alt + N` (Insert) --> `D`
(Drop Cap) --> Choose option.

3. Applying Text Effect:

 Function: Enhance text appearance for emphasis or creative
design.
 Home tab --> Font group --> Apply bold, italic, underline, etc.
 No direct shortcut for text effects. Use the ribbon: `Ctrl + Shift +
Y` (opens the Font dialog box for advanced settings).

4. Using Character Spacing:

 Function: Adjust space between characters for improved
readability or creative effects.
 Home tab --> Font group --> Dialog Box Launcher --> Advanced
tab for character spacing.
 No direct shortcut. Use the ribbon: `Ctrl + D` (opens the Font
dialog box) --> Advanced tab.

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5. Borders and Colours:
 Function: Define visual boundaries and highlight text for better
organization and emphasis.
 Highlight text or paragraph --> Home tab --> Paragraph group --
> Borders and Shading.
 Highlight Text: `Ctrl + Alt + H`
 Font Colour: `Alt + H + F + C`
 Borders: `Alt + H + B`

6. Inserting Header and Footer:

 Function: Include additional information (like titles, page
numbers) for a professional and organized document.
 Insert tab --> Header or Footer --> Choose preset or create
custom.
 Inserting Header and Footer:
 Header: `Alt + N` (Insert) --> `H`
 Footer: `Alt + N` (Insert) --> `O`

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7. Using Date and Time:
 Function: Automatically insert the current date/time for
document tracking or reference.
 Insert tab --> Date & Time --> Choose format.
 No direct shortcut. Use the ribbon: `Alt + N` (Insert) --> `D`
(Date & Time).

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 A PROJECT ON
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE DEVELOPMENT
IN ROBOTICS
Submitted in the partial fulfilment of requirements of the award of
degree

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
Electronics and Communication Engineering
SUBMITTED BY
N.Tarun Kumar (23331A04B9)

UNDER ESTEEMED GUIDANCE

P. RAMYA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
IT DEPARTMENT

MAHARAJ VIJAYARAM GAJAPATHI RAJ

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

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 MAHARAJ VIJAYARAM GAJAPATHI RAJ
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that N.Tarun Kumar student of BTech – First year,

MVGR college of engineering has done project. Work in the
components of Robotic Development has successfully the project
during Academics session 2023-2024 toward partial fulfilment of a
credit for the IT workshop record evaluation and submitted
satisfactory report, as compiled in the following pages, under my
supervision.

INTERNAL EXAMINER HOD OF ECE DEPARTMENT

P. RAMYA Shaik mastan vali

EXTERNAL EXAMINER

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AIM: Creating project abstract using word
1. Formatting Styles
2. Inserting Table
3. Bullets And Numbering
4. Changing Text Direction
5. Cell Alignment
6. Footnote
7. Hyperlink
8. Symbols
9. Spell Check
10.Track Changes

1. Formatting Text:
 Process: Highlight text, use the "Home" tab to format font, size,
and style.
 Function: Enhance text for clarity and emphasis.
 Shortcut: `Ctrl + B` (Bold), `Ctrl + I` (Italic), `Ctrl + U` (Underline).

2. Inserting Table:
 Process: "Insert" tab -> "Table" -> Select desired size.
 Function: Organize data in a structured manner.
 Shortcut: No direct shortcut for table insertion.

3. Bulleting and Numbering:

 Process: "Home" tab -> Bullet or Numbering options.
 Function: Create organized lists for better readability.
 Shortcut: `Ctrl + Shift + L` to toggle between bullet points and
numbering.

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 4. Changing Text Direction:
 Process: "Home" tab -> "Rotate" in the Font group.
 Function: Change the orientation of text for creative or
layout purposes.
 Shortcut: No direct shortcut; use the ribbon.

5. Cell Alignment:
 Process: "Home" tab -> Alignment options in the
Paragraph group.
 Function: Align text within cells for a neat presentation.
 Shortcut: `Ctrl + L` (Align Left), `Ctrl + E` (Align Center),
`Ctrl + R` (Align Right), `Ctrl + J` (Justify).
6. Footnote:
 Process: found in the reference tab
 Function: allows you to insert additional information,
comments, or reference at the bottom of a page
 Shortcut: Alt + Ctrl + f
7. Hyperlink:
 Process: "Insert" tab -> "Hyperlink."
 Function: Link to external content or other parts of the
document.
 Shortcut: `Ctrl + K`.

8. Symbol:
 Process: "Insert" tab -> "Symbol."
 Function: Insert special characters.
 Shortcut: Varies by symbol; e.g., `Alt + 0176` for the
degree symbol.

9. Spell Check:
 Process: "Review" tab -> "Spelling & Grammar."

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  Function: Check and correct spelling and grammar
errors.
 Shortcut: `F7`.

10. Track Change:

 Process: "Review" tab -> "Track Changes."
 Function: Record edits made to the document.
 Shortcut: `Ctrl + Shift + E` to toggle Track Changes.

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 ABSTRACT

Robotics is the confluence of engineering and science that

includes mechanical engineering, electrical engineering,
computer science also it is no more an emerging field as it has
evolved so much in the last 10 years and it is nearing an apex
point It is an ever-growing field and many avenues have opened
up in recent past. The promise of robotics is easy to describe
but hard for the mind to grasp. A robot is a mechanical or
virtual intelligent agent that can perform tasks automatically or
with guidance, typically by remote control. In practice a robot is
usually an electro- mechanical machine that is guided by
computer and electronic programming. Robots hold the
promise of moving and transforming materials with the same
ease as a computer program transforms data. But the grey spot
remains wide when it comes to Research awareness in the field
of Robotics and Automation. Sooner or later Robotics and
automation will find its application in every facet of human life.
The advancement in technology would bring a day of robot
omnipresence. They will soon sneak everywhere from gadgets
to apparels and to our very own bodies. Hence it is the
responsibility of engineering community to disseminate the
knowledge about the future scope and application of Robotics.

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 AIM: Creating a newsletter using word
1. Tables of Contents
2. Newspaper Columns
3. Images from File and Clipart
4. Drawing Toolbar and WordArt
5. Formatting Images
6. Text Box
7. Paragraphs and Mail Merge

1. Tables of Contents:
 Process: "References" tab -> "Table of Contents."
 Function: Generate an organized list of sections.
 Shortcut: No direct shortcut for generating a table of
contents.

2. Newspaper Columns:
 Process: "Layout" or "Page Layout" tab -> "Columns."
 Function: Divide text into newspaper-style columns.
 Shortcut: No direct shortcut for applying columns.

3. Images from File and Clipart:

 Process: "Insert" tab -> "Pictures" or "Online Pictures."
 Function: Enhance the newsletter with visual content.
 Shortcut: `Ctrl + Alt + P` to insert a picture from a file.

4. Drawing Toolbar and WordArt:

 Process: "Insert" tab -> "Shapes" for drawing tools,
"Text Box" for WordArt.
 Function: Add custom shapes and stylized text.
 Shortcut: No direct shortcut for accessing drawing tools;
use the ribbon.

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 5. Formatting Images:
 Process: Select the image -> "Format" tab for various
options.
 Function: Adjust image size, colour, and style.
 Shortcut: No specific shortcut for formatting images;
use the ribbon.

6. Text Box:
 Process: "Insert" tab -> "Text Box."
 Function: Create a movable box for text or additional
content.
 Shortcut: `Alt + N` (Insert) -> `X` (Text Box).

7. Paragraphs and Mail Merge:

 Process: "Mailings" tab -> "Start Mail Merge" -> Choose
type.
 Function: Customize content for individual recipients.
 Shortcut: No direct shortcut for mail merge; use the
ribbon.

Experiment 6
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Objective: The objective of this week is to learn about office tools like
Libreoffice calc and the process of creating scheduler in excel.
Aim: To create scheduler in excel (LibreOffice Calc).
Calc is the spreadsheet component of LibreOffice. Spreadsheets
allow us to organize, analyse and store data in tabular form.
Other features provided by Calc include:
• Functions, which can be used to create formulas to perform
complex calculations on data.
• Database functions to arrange, store, and filter data.
• Dynamic charts giving a wide range of 2D and 3D charts.
• Ability to open, edit, and save Microsoft Excel spreadsheets.
In Calc you create files that are called spreadsheets. A spreadsheet
consist of a number of individual sheets, each sheet containing cells
arranged in rows and columns. In Calc, each sheet can have a
maximum of 1,048,576 rows and a maximum of 1024 columns.
Features:
Grid lines:
Gridlines in Excel are the horizontal and vertical gray lines that
differentiate between cells in a worksheet. The gridlines guide users
to differentiate between the specific cells and read the data in an
organized manner. They also help users navigate through the
worksheet columns and rows with ease.

How to show gridlines in work Sheets

➔ Go to the “View” tab above the toolbar.
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➔ Move on to “Show”.
➔ Put your cursor on “Gridlines” and check it.
Format Cell and formatting text:
Formatting text or numbers can make them appear more visible
especially when you have a large worksheet. Changing default
formats includes things like changing the font color, style, size, text
alignment in a cell, or apply formatting effects.
➔ With the cell selected, go to Format > Cells on the Menu bar,
or right-click on the cell and select Format Cells in the context
menu, or use the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+1, to open the Format
Cells dialog.
➔ Make sure the Numbers tab is selected, then select Number in
the Category list.
Auto fit:
➔ Go to format and then click auto format styles.
1. Combine cells horizontally or vertically to make one large cell.
2. Add borders to cells.
3. Shade cells with colors.
4. Change the column width and row height
5. Change the font, font size or colors of text.
6. Align text vertically at the top, center and bottom of cell.

PROCEDURE:
•First click on applications of the screen on status bar.

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•Click on programs and then LibreOffice Calc. To get a new work
sheet go to file and then click on new excel sheet.
•On the file menu click page setup and then click sheet tab click
gridlines. In this way do the required changes using format cell, make
the required changes using formatting text also make the required
changes.
•Enter the data in the timetable schedule in the worksheet consisting
of name of the day, subject name ,period number and timings Make
all the above changes to the text.

EXPERIMENT 7

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Objective: The objective of this week is to learn about how to
calculate GPA in excel (LibreOffice Calc).
Aim: To calculate GPA in excel (LibreOffice Calc).
Features:
Cell Reference: A cell reference refers to a cell or a range of cells on a
worksheet and can be used in a formula so that Excel can find the
values or data that you want that formula to calculate.
Formulae in excel:
1.SUM
Adds all the numbers in a range of cells.
Syntax:
SUM (number1; number2;...)
Ex: = SUM (B1:B2) (where cells B1, B2 contain 10,5) returns 15.
2. AVERAGE
Returns the average of the arguments, ignoring text.
Syntax:
AVERAGE (number1; number2; ... )
Ex: =AVERAGE (B1:B2) (where cells B1, B2 contain 10,2) returns 6.
3. COUNT
Counts the numbers in the list of arguments, ignoring text entries.
Syntax:
COUNT(value1; value2; ...)
Ex: =COUNT(B1:B3)
where cells B1, B2, B3 contain 1, 3, and apple returns 2.
4. MAX
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Returns the maximum of a list of arguments, ignoring text entries.
Syntax:
MAX(number1; number2; ... )
Ex: =MAX(B1:B3)
where cells B1, B2, B3 contain 10, 4, and apple returns 10
5. MIN
Returns the minimum of a list of arguments, ignoring text entries.
Syntax:
MIN(number1; number2; ...)
Ex: =MIN(B1:B3)
where cells B1, B2, B3 contain 10, 4, apple returns 4
6. CONCATENATE
Combines several text strings into one string.
Syntax:
CONCATENATE(text1; text2; ... )
Ex: = CONCATENATE(A1; A2)
where cell A1 contains "key" and cell A2 contains "board" returns
keyboard.
Hyperlinks:
Hyperlinks can be used in Calc to jump to a different location from
within a spreadsheet and can lead to other parts of the current file,
to different files, or even to web pages.short cut key is ctrl+k.
Renaming and Inserting worksheets:
Renaming:

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1) Enter the name in the Name text box when we create the sheet
using the Insert Sheet dialog as shown in the figure.
2)Right-click on a sheet tab and select Rename Sheet from the
context menu to replace the existing name with a different one.
Inserting:
In Calc , double-click an empty cell in your header row. In the pop-up
menu select “Insert Field” then choose “Sheet Name”. That cell can
be formatted as you like. It does not automatically update if you
rename the sheet.
Standard deviation:
Estimates standard deviation based on a sample. The standard
deviation is a measure of how widely values are dispersed from the
average value (the mean).
Syntax: =STDEV.S(A1:A5)
Where cells A1:A5 contain the values 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 respectively.
Here the function calculates the sample standard deviation of the
five values in the specified cells.
STDEV.P: Calculates standard deviation based on the entire
population given as arguments.
STDEV.S: Estimates standard deviation based on a sample.
Charts:
A chart (sometimes known as a graph) is a graphical representation
for data visualization, in which "the data is represented by symbols,
such as bars in a bar chart, lines in a line chart, or slices in a pie
chart".
Charts can be inserted in several documents: spreadsheets,
presentations, drawings or text documents.
Go to menu, click on insert then select charts.
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 EXPERIMENT 8
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OBJECTIVE: To learn about Vlookup function and some features in
excel.
AIM: To maintain the Employees details in excel sheet.
VLOOKUP:
VLOOKUP stands for Vertical Lookup. As the name specifies,
VLOOKUP is a built-in Excel function that helps you look for a
specified value by searching for it vertically across the sheet.
The format of the VLOOKUP function is:
=VLOOKUP (lookup_ value, table _array, col _index _ num ,
range _lookup)
EX: =VLOOKUP(G11,A5:E10,3,0)
EMP ID DEPARTMENT DESIGNATION SALARY
248 ECE LDC 25000
Freeze Panes :
The Excel Freeze Panes option allows you to lock your columns
and/or rows so that when you scroll down or over to view the rest of
your sheet, the column and/or row will remain on the screen.
➢ Choose View - Freeze Cells - Freeze Rows and Columns. To
deactivate, choose View - Freeze Cells - Freeze Rows and Columns
again.
Split cells:
Split the content from one cell into two or more cells.
➢From menu click Data > Text to Columns . In the next window,
Select Separated By as Comma and Press OK. You can also see the
LIVE preview of your data after split at the bottom of the dialog.
Group and outline:

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You can create an outline of your data and group rows and columns
together so that you can collapse and expand the groups with a
single click.
➢ Select a cell range in your spreadsheet.
Select Data › Group and Outline › Group. A dialog appears.
Decide if you want to group your selected range by rows or by
columns. Confirm with OK.
Sorting: Arranging a given set of data according to a particular order
(ascending or descending) is called sorting. Sorting within LibreOffice
Calc orders the cells in a worksheet using the sort criteria that you
specify.
Sorting Data
Click in a database range. If you select a range of cells, only these
cells will get sorted.
Choose Data - Sort. The range of cells that will get sorted is shown in
inverted colors.
Select the sort options that you want.
Click OK.
Boolean and logical operators:
1.AND:
Returns TRUE if all arguments are TRUE. If one of the elements is
FALSE, this function returns the FALSE value.
Syntax
AND(LogicalValue1; LogicalValue2 …LogicalValue30)
EX: The logical values of entries 12<13; 14>12, and 7<6 are to be
checked:

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 =AND(12<13;14>12;7<6) returns FALSE.
2. IF:
Specifies a logical test to be performed.
Syntax
IF(Test; Then Value; Otherwise Value)
Test is any value or expression that can be TRUE or FALSE.
EX: =IF(A1>5;100;”too small”) If the value in A1 is higher than 5, the
value 100 is entered in the current cell; otherwise, the text “too
small” (without quotes) is entered.
3. NOT:
Complements (inverts) a logical value.
Syntax
NOT (Logical Value)
Logical Value is any value to be complemented.
EX: =NOT(A). If A=TRUE then NOT(A) will evaluate FALSE.
4. OR:
Returns TRUE if at least one argument is TRUE. This function returns
the value FALSE, if all the arguments have the logical value FALSE.
Syntax
=OR(LogicalValue1; LogicalValue2 …LogicalValue30)
EX: The logical values of entries 12<11; 13>22, and 45=45 are to be
checked.
=OR(12<11;13>22;45=45) returns TRUE.
5.XOR:
Returns true if an odd number of arguments evaluates to TRUE.

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Syntax
XOR(LogicalValue1; LogicalValue2 …LogicalValue30)
EX: =XOR(TRUE;TRUE) returns FALSE
=XOR(TRUE;TRUE;TRUE) returns TRUE
Conditional formatting:
A cell can be formatted automatically with a conditional format,
depending on its contents or the result of a formula. A conditional
format consists of several condition entries that contain the condition
and name of a cell style. The style of the first met condition, true or
"not zero", is applied to the cell.
➢ Format > Conditional > Manage, then select the conditional
format, click Edit and then Apply Style > New Style.

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 EXPERIMENT 9
OBJECTIVE: To learn about the basic power point utilities and tools.
AIM: To create a power point presentation with some specifications.
Features:
SLIDE LAYOUT:
1. On the format menu, click slide layout.
2. On the slides tab in normal view, select the slides; you want to
apply a layout too.
3. In the slide layout task pane, point to layout you and then click it.
4. A new slide can also be inserted within the task pane. Point the
layout you want the slide to have, click the arrow and then click the
insert new slide.
INSERT TEXT:
1. Text can be added to layout.
2. Align text in the top, middle or bottom of a cell.
3. Align text on the right or left, or in the center of a cell.
4. Change cell margins.
5. Insert a tab in a table.
6. To make the symbol command available, in normal view, place the
insertion point on the outbox tab or in a text place holders on the
slide.
7. On the insert menu, click symbol.
8. To change fonts, click a name in the font box.

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FORMATTING TEXT:
1. Select the text you want to format as superscript or subscript.
2. On the format menu, click font.
3. To show or hide text formatting, on the standard toolbar, click
show formatting.
BULLETS AND NUMBERINGS:
1. Select the lines of text that you want to add bullets or numbering
to.
2. Click bullets or numbering.
AUTOSHAPES:
1. Select the auto shape that has the text you want to position.
2. Double-click the selection rectangle of the auto shape or text box
and then click the text box tab in the format dialog box.
3. In the text anchor point box, click the position you want the text to
start in.
LINES AND ARROWS:
1. In Microsoft power point, double click the chart.
2. Double click the chart item you want to change.
3. On the patterns tab, do one or both of the following.
4. To change the colors, patterns or lines, select the options you
want.
5. To specify a fill effect, click fill effect and then select the options
you want on the gradient, text patterns or picture tabs.

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HYPERLINK:
1. Select the text or object that you want to represent the hyperlink.
2. Click insert hyperlink.
3. Under link to, click place in this document.
INSERT IMAGES:
1. Click where you want to insert the picture.
2. On the drawing tool bar, click insert picture.
3. Locate the folder that contains the picture that you want to insert,
and then click the picture file.
CLIP ART:
1. On the insert menu, point to structure and then click clipart.
2. In the clipart task pane, in the search for box, type a word or
phrase that describes the clip, you want to type in all or some of the
file menus of the clip.
3. In the results box, click the clip to insert it.
AUDIO VIDEO OBJECTS:
1. On the slide show menu, click setup show. Under performance
check box. If your computer has their capability, office PowerPoint
will attempt to use it.
2. Animation performance will be much better with a video card that
has Microsoft direct 3D.
CHART:
1. Click the slide where you want to place the embedded object.
2. On the insert menu, click chart.
3. Click a cell on the data sheet and then type the information you
want,
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To return to the slide, click outside the chart.
Master layout: A slide master controls the overall appearance, such
as formatting and design, of each slide layout, and therefore each
slide in your presentation. When you modify the slide master within
your presentation, the changes will be applied to every slide layout.
All templates contain at least one slide master.
The steps to learn how to create a presentation using master slides
in PowerPoint:
1. Work on your main Slide Master.
Go to the very first slide on the Slides Overview Pane on the left. This
is your Master Slide.By clicking on the Master Layout option, you’ll
also be able to customize which layout elements you want in your
presentation slides.

2. Work on your Layout slides

Next, it’s time to move to the Layout slides. These are slides that
appear below your Master Slide. In other words, these are your
actual slides.

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It’ll create a new type of slide you can edit and customize as you see
fit. Use the option Insert Placeholder to add different kinds of
elements to our new layout.
3.Adding a new Slide Master if necessary
Select Insert Slide Master on the far left, and you’ll get a completely
new Master slide in the same presentation.

You’ll be able to see your two different master slides, and the layout
slides below each one:

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Once you’re happy with how your master template looks, remember
to click the option Close Master View so you can see your changes.

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