PRACTICE TEST

Part 1: You will listen to a talk by the Water Project Manager of a charity called ‘Charity –Water’. For each of the
following questions, choose the option which fits best to what you hear.
1. The speaker’s job requires
A. a great deal of walking B. extensive travel C. clean water
2. Why is this story being told?
A. to promote Charity-Water B. for entertainment purposes C. to encourage Helen
3. When villagers heard of the charity workers’ arrival, they
A. had a party B. were suspicious C. took no notice
4. Helen is feeling
A. ecstatic about her new life
B. curious about the charity workers
C. nostalgic about her old life
5. What did the speaker notice about Helen?
A. that she had bathed recently
B. the care that she took with her appearance
C. that she was wearing a green uniform

Part 2: You will hear a radio interview with an American woman called Kate Jenner, who practices the sport of
parkour, or ‘free running’ Listen and complete the sentences with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS.
The objective of parkour is to get over such obstacles as trees, (1) ____________ and walls.
Kate says that parkour combines cross- country running with (2) ____________.
In order to join a parkour club, it is necessary to have a good (3) ____________ and to be fit.
Kate says that (4) ____________ is a problem for her in some situations.
When she is in town, Kate looks at (5) ____________ and courtyards as possible places to do parkour.
Parkour enthusiasts do not generally (6) ____________ with people when they are told to stop.
Kate and a professor are studying different techniques of (7) ____________ that are used in parkour.
If Kate teaches parkour in the college, there could be a problem with (8) ____________.
Kate has been in Los Angeles doing parkour for an advertisement for a (9) ____________.
A company that makes (10) ____________ may provide Kate’s club with funding.

I. Choose the words whose underlined part are pronounced differently from the others.
1.A.hands B.occasions C.associates D.others
2.A. filled B. missed C. ploughed D. watched.
3.A. exhaust B. oxen C. fax D. extravagant .
4. A. hour B. honest C. heir D. hospital
5. A. moon B. door C. pool D. cool .

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
1: “ How many pages ................. so far?” – “ Twenty”
A. did you read B. do you read C. had you read D. have you read
2: - “ More coffee? Anybody?” – “.................”
A. I’d love to B. I don’t agree, I’m afraid
C. Yes, please D. It’s right, I think.
3.: Tom ................. his dog for a walk every evening.
A. uses to B. used to C. used to take D. used to be taking
4: Marie Curie was the first scientist ................. two Nobel prizes in science.
A. which win B. that had win C. who win D. to win
5: ................. on time, he could have gone with us there.
A. Had he arrived B. Were he arriving C. Should he arrive D. If he arrive
6: Are you sure you can do it on ................. ?
A. secret B. yourself C. date D. your own
7: I met my best friend Jame two years ago, but I have ................. seen her ................. heard from her since.
A. both / and B. neither / or C. either / or D. neither / nor
8: ................. the temperature, ................. water turns into steam.
A. Higher / faster the B. The higher / the faster
C. The more higher / the faster D. The higher / the fast
9: - “ How do you do?” – “.................”
A. Yeah, ok B. How do you do C. I’m well. Thank you D. Not too bad
10: Your son has been absent ................. school for a few days. I hope it’s nothing serious.
A. of B. in C. from D. off
11. The journey was quite difficult, but the travelers were …………..the worse for the experience.
A. none B. neither C. nor D. not
12. “How did Bob get into such a mess?”
“I don’t know why he is in trouble …………….. the bare facts of the case.”
A. he did all it to present B. all he did was present
C. all he did to present was D. it was all he did to present
13. Rarely have I visited …………… Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia.
A. as beautiful a city as B. as beautiful as the city C. as a beautiful city as D. as a city as beautiful as
14. If you’re travelling in high season, it’s best to make hotel reservations ………….in advance.
A. right B. soon C. just D. well
15. I hope Alice ………….for me when I retire in six years’ time.
A. is still working B. is still going to work C. will be working D. will still work
16. Compared with all other forms of transportation, the automobile remains the most mode of
highly ………….transportation between cities in the United States.
A. favoring B. favored C. favorable D. favorite
17. She’s a ……………. person, even if she doesn’t want to admit it, and she thinks that this year will be a bad
one due t o our bad start.
A. supernatural B. superficial C. superfluous D. superstitious
18. was a bitterly cold one last January, but turned out to be a wonderful day despite the chill.
A. David’s and Victoria wedding day B. David and Victoria wedding day
C. David’s and Victoria’s wedding day D. David and Victoria’s wedding day
19. If you’ve got measles, your skin is covered in __.
A. stains B. dots C. blots D. spots
20. It was a long time before it _ on me that she was your sister.
A. dawned B. flashed C. struck D. broke
21. “Where is Martha?” – “ all over, she decided to go to bed.”
A. Ached B. Aching C. Having ached D. Being ached
22. The climb have been exhausting, but the view from the top made it well worthwhile.
A.would B. should C. can D. may
23. The death in the earthquake has been put at over one thousand.
A. toll B. rate C. loss D. damage
24. The th th
course will explore classic novels of the 19 and 20 century.
A. literary B. literal C. literature D. literate
25. It’s difficult these days for a young person to find a well-paid job.
A. stable B. eternal C. reliable D. permanent

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word or phrase that is OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined part .
1. Julia was disappointed because her research produced insignificant results.
A. crucial B. obvious C. shocking D. unimportant
2. Poor nutrition in infancy can hold back physical growth.
A. resist B. retard C. restore D. decrease

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to
the underlined part in each of the following questions.
3. When the invoice comes in for payment, this is copied on to the system as well.
A. receipt B. information C. bill D. sound recording
4. Predictably, he decided not to take part in the televised debate.
A. As a matter of fact B. No wonder C. Undoubtedly D. At first
5. Mr. Garstein was particularly taken aback to hear that sleeping problems are often linked to physical problems.
A. surprised B. determined C. relieved D. intended

WORD FORM
Water (1. scarce)……………….scarcity is fast becoming one of the major (2.limit)……………factors in world
crop production. In many areas, poor agricultural practices have led to increasing (3. Desert)……………. and the
loss of formerly arable lands. Consequently, those plant species that are well adapted to (4. Survive)………….. ill
dry climates are being looked at for an answer in developing more efficient crops to grow on (5. Margin)
……………. arable lands.
Plants use several mechanisms to ensure their survival in desert environments. Some involve purely (6.
Mechanic)……………….. and physical adaptations, such as the shape of the plant's surface, smaller leaf size, and
(7. Extend)…………….. root systems. Some of the adaptations are related to chemical mechanisms. Many
plants, such as cacti, have internal gums and mucilage which give them water-retaining properties. Another
chemical mechanism is that of the epicuticular wax layer. This wax (8. Lay)…………… acts as an impervious cover
to protect the plant. It prevents (9. Exceed)……………. loss of internal moisture. It also protects the plant from
external aggression, which can come from (10. Organic)…………. agent such as gases, or organic agents which
include bacteria and plant pests, Researchers have proposed that synthetic waxes with similar(11. Protect)
…………….. abilities could be prepared based on knowledge of desert plants, if successfully developed, such a
compound could be used to greatly increase a plant's ability to maintain health in such adverse situations as
inadequate water supply, limited fertilizer availability, attack by pests, and poor (12. Store)………….. after
harvesting.

Choose the best answer.

One of the hazards that electronic media like the television, radio or computers (1) _____ these days is the
decline in book reading.
The concern (2) _____ mainly to the younger generations who are strongly tempted by the glamour of the
silver screen and, consequently, don’t (3) _____ the importance of acquiring first-hand information from books.
To (4) _____ reading for pleasure and to propagate a wide array of publications like encyclopedias reference
books manuals or fiction, radical solutions should be applied. Firstly, more (5) _____ ought to be put on the
educational factor. Youngsters should be made to feel comfortable while reading either for information or self-
satisfaction in public place like airports, buses or on the beach. Secondly, libraries must be subsidized more
accurately in order to provide the potential reader with (6) _____ choice of publications and to be come more
publically active so as to put books at people’s (7) _____ rather than keep them under lock and key. Fund collecting
actions organized by libraries might also raise the public awareness of the advantages of becoming (8) _____ in a good
book.
Finally, the mass media themselves might contribute substantially by recommending the purchase of
valuable best-sellers and inspiring their viewers to (9) _____ their knowledge and erudition, and thus help them to
(10) _____ the habit of spontaneous every reading.
1. A. denote B. play C. arise D. pose
2. A. indicates B. affects C. applies D. embodies
3. A. observe B. recognize C. view D. distinguish
4. A. incite B. revert C. instill D. encourage
5. A. emphasis B. persistence C. focus D. relevance
6. A. prolific B. ample C. lavish D. lush
7. A. available B. disposal C. benefit D. usage
8. A. occupied B. inhaled C. engrossed D. incorporated
9. A. enrich B. magnify C. arouse D. elaborate
10. A. grow B. evolve C. proceed D. develop

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions
There are many theories of aging but virtually all fall into the category of being hypotheses with a minimum of
supporting evidence. One viewpoint is that aging occurs as the body's organ systems become less efficient. Thus
failures in the immune system, hormonal system and nervous system could all produce characteristics that we
associate with aging. Following a different vein, many current researchers are, looking for evidence at the cellular
and sub-cellular level. It has been shown that cells such human fibroblasts (generalized tissue cells) grown in culture
divide only a limited number of times and then die. (Only cancer cells seem immortal in this respect.) fibroblast
cells from an embryo divide more times than those taken from an adult. Thus some researchers believe that aging
occurs at the cellular level and is part of the cell's genetic makeup. Any event that disturbs the cell's genetic
machinery such as mutation, damaging chemicals in the cell's environment, or loss of genetic material, could cause
cells to lose their ability to divide and thus bring on aging. Other theories' of aging look at different processes.
Chronological aging refers to the passage of time since birth and is usually measured in years. While chronological
age can be useful in estimating the average status of a large groups of people, it is a poor indicator of an individual
person's status because there is a tremendous amount of variation from one individual to the next in regard to the
rate at which biological age changes occur. For example, on the average, aging results in people losing much of their
ability to perform strenuous activities, yet some elderly individuals are excellent marathon runners.
Another type of aging is cosmetic aging, which consists of changes in outward appearance with advancing age. This
includes changes in the body and changes in other aspects of a person's appearance such as the style of hair and
clothing, the type of eyeglasses, and the use of a hearing aid. Like chronological aging, it is frequently used to
estimate the degree to which other types of aging have occurred. However, it is an inaccurate indicator for either
purpose because of variation among individuals and because a person's appearance is affected by many factors that
are not part of aging, including illness, poor nutrition, and exposure to sunlight.
1.The author believes the theories of aging are___________,
A. well-supported hypotheses B. poorly supported hypotheses
C. proven theories D. interesting ideas
2.The word "evidence" in the first paragraph refers to .
A. evidence of aging B. evidence of cancer C. evidence of human fibroblasts D. evidence of cell division
3.The word "vein" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to__
A. part of the body B. point of view C. blood vessel D. cellular level
4.The author of the article points out that cancer cells .
A. divide infinitely B. divide and then die C. divide more in adults than in embryos D. bring on aging
5.The word "culture" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to_____.
A. libraries B. a special environment C. a society's traditions and values D. a toxic substance
6. It can be infered from the passage that fibroblast cells………….
A. divide fewer times at later stages in human life
B. are not a focus in cellular research on aging
C. are similar to cancer cells in rate of division
D.dysfunction in the aging process of the body's immune system
7.As explained in this passage, the theory of aging which examines the cellular level would NOT assign which
of the following as a cause of aging?
A. Mutation. B. Failure of the body's organ system.
C. Loss of genetic material. D. Chemical damage from the environment.
8.According to the passage, chronological aging is not a good indicator of an individual's status regarding
aging because
A. elderly people are often athletic B. there is individual variation in the rate of biological aging
C. strenuous activities are not good measure of age D. it is difficult to get accurate records of birth dates
9.The author implies all of the following about cosmetic aging EXCEPT__.
A. it does not occur at the same rate for all people
B. it is a poor indicator of chronological age
C. illness, poor nutrition, and exposure to sunlight cause aging to occur
D. it is described changes in outward appearance
10. The word "indicator" in the second paragraph means_________.
A.signal B. a light showing the way
C.something showing what a situation is like D. something indicating a value or a change

Part 4: Read the following passage then do the tasks that follow.
List of Headings
Where the harmful particles come from
The problem of fire ironed out
Carbonex is idea for factories
Carbonex works with more than one fossil fuel
Problems with fossil fuel
Alternative energy
It is a two-way process
Iron is the best
Engine power vs. clean emissions
Greenhouse effect and global warming
The side- effect of one solution
xii Increase engine efficiency - how it works.

The problem of fire Ironed Out

It has been quite a while since man discovered fire. But it is only recently that he has learnt enough chemistry
to think of improving it. Take fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, for example. They give off plenty of heat when they
burn ; unfortunately, they give off plenty of other things as well, including the particles that make up smog and soot,
the carbon dioxide responsible for the greenhouse effect and the oxides of nitrogen and sculpture that help to made
 acid rain. A new fuel additive called Carbonex seems drastically to reduce emissions of particles and of nitrogen
oxides. It may thus help to solve half the problems.
To understand the solution, take a closer look at the problem. Fossil fuels are mostly made of carbon, which
reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide (in the case of coal) or carbon dioxide and water (on the case of
petrol, diesel fuel and other refined oils). The combustion of fossil fuels is never quite complete. Small, unburnt
particles of fuel always escape, often as black smoke. These particles contain cancer- causing chemicals and are ever
more unpopular.
There is a standard fix for this. To reduce the problem of incomplete burning, combustion chambers are
routinely flooded with about 25% more air than they need to burn their fuel. The idea is to give the flame more
oxygen and hence, increase the efficiency of burning. But there is a snag. Dry air is 21% oxygen and 78% nitrogen.
Nitrogen, like carbon, reacts with oxygen at high temperature—in this case producing the nitrogen oxides (NOX)
that help cause aid rain. When extra air is added to a combustion chamber, emissions of soot and smog go down but
NOX emissions go up.
Carbonex, invented by an academic chemist, Dr. David Farrar. At the university of Toronto, and developed by
Velino Ventures of Toronto, tries to alleviate this. The active ingredient is a hydrocarbon molecule to which an iron
atom is bound. The molecule acts as a carrier for the iron, letting it dissolve in organic liquids like oil and petrol.
When sprayed into a flame at the same time as a carbon-based fuel, Carbonex makes it burn more efficiently. The
result is fewer particles and less need for extra air.
It seems to work at two points during burning. If Carbonex is sprayed into a steam of fuel entering a flame in a
combustion chamber, it coast the fuel and deposits iron atoms on the surface of the fuel particles. As the particles
enter the outer part of the flame, which is cooler than the core, the more volatile components in the fuel vaporize.
The faster these vapors leave the fuel, the sooner oxygen can get to the surface of the fuel particle and react with the
carbon. Carbonex appears to speed up the exodus. Fuel particles that survive the hot core of the flame contain
several large and unhealthy molecules that do not burn well without a fuel additive. Carbonex also seems to lower
the temperature at which these compounds burn, allowing them to disintegrate even while the fuel particle is
cooling.
Iron is not the only substance that can manage this trick; any metal should do. Barium, magnesium, manganese,
cobalt, nickel and lead have all been tried as fuel additives, but all are toxic and so in disfavour. Iron was picked for
Carbonex because it is non-toxic and very effective even in small doses.
Over the past two years, Carbonex has been tested by an independent research group at the Battelle Memorial
Institute in Columbus, Ohio. The researchers found that it reduced emissions of particles from diesel engines by
43% and increased the yield of energy from combustion by 1.5-3%.When tested in a light-fuel-oil industrial burner
in Geneva, it cut emissions of particles by 67%; added to a coarsely ground bituminous coal it reduced NOX
emissions by 25%. In addition to reducing NOX and virtually eliminating black smoke, Carbonex cut the amount of
soot left behind in combustion chambers, and so made maintenance cheaper. The fuel additive paid for itself in
increased energy efficiency.
Although carbonex could be used in petrol for cars, Dr.Farrar thinks petrol is already refined enough to make it
unnecessary. The real need for his invention, he thinks, is in plants that burn coal and less refined oils such as
furnace and bunker oil. Farewell to those dark satanic mills
A. Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below. Write the appropriate numbers (i
-vii) in boxes 1-5. Paragraphs C, G and H have been done for you.
Paragraph Answer
1. Paragraph A ………………………….
2. Paragraph B ………………………….
Paragraph C …………xi………….…
3. Paragraph D ………………………….
4. Paragraph E ………………………….
5. Paragraph F ………………………….
Paragraph G …………iv……….……
Paragraph H …………iii..………….

B. Using the words or phrases in the box below, complete the summary of the reading
Write your answers in boxes 6-10

vehicle NOX after hydrocarbon

inside black smoke Small acid rain
incomplete industrial input emissions

When fossil fuels burn, they produce elements that pollute the air, worsen the green-house effect, and cause (6)
______________. To alleviate the problem of incomplete combustion which produces particles and NOX, a
Canadian scientist invented Carbonex which is blended with the fuel before it burns .The iron atoms, carried by (7)
___________ molecules which are the base of Carbonex, dissolve in the liquid fuel. These atoms help the fuel to
burn more thoroughly, promoting the engines’ combustion efficiency and producing cleaner exhaust. The new
product has been tested in America And Switzerland. The statistics show that it works better with (8) ____________
burners than with vehicle engines. Not only does Carbonex reduce parcticle and NOX (9) ___________, and
increase energy output, it also helps to make the (10) __________ of engines cleaner, leading to cuts of maintenance
costs.

REWRITING
1. This matter is none of your business.
This matter does ……………………………………………………………………
2. This bridge will take us three years to complete.
In three years time we ……………………………………………………
3. Patsy wasn’t always so unfriendly.
Patsy didn’t ……………………………………………………………………
4. We’ll be at your house soon.
It won’t ……………………………………………………………………
5. I haven’t seen Anne for years.
It’s years ……………………………………………………………………
6. The dog keeps stealing my socks!
The dog is ……………………………………………………………………
7. After taking the pills, I began to feel much better.
Since taking ……………………………………………………………
8. We’ll have to leave immediately at the end of the film.
The moment ... ……………………………………………………