“A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE

REGARDING CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION AMONG

B.SC NURSING 3RD YEAR STUDENTS AT SELECTED
COLLEGE, GUNTUR, ANDHRA PRADESH”.
BY
MISS SHIPRA SEN MR M. PAVAN KALYAN REDDY
MISS APARNA DAS MR B. CHINNA MOTHILAL NAIK
MISS NUTHAKKI RAJANI MR MRINMOY MONDAL
MISS K. HAPPYGRACE MR SUBHADEEP DAS
MISS M. GLORY PRIYA MR SUBHADIP HEMBRAM
MR SHAIK HUSSAIN MR SANDIPAN MAHAPATRA
MR TAMAL MAHAPATRA
B.Sc.NURSINGIVYEAR

COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

MRS. T. MERIPOULEENA MSc (N), MBA, Ph.D

ASWINI COLLEGEOFNURSINGGUNTUR, ANDHRAPRADESH

Dr.YSRUNIVERSITYOFHEALTHSCIENCES,VIJAYAWADA,ANDHRAPRADESH.
2023
 “A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE
REGARDING CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION AMONG B.SC
NURSING 3RD YEAR STUDENTS AT SELECTED COLLEGE, GUNTUR,
ANDHRA PRADESH”.
BY
MISS SHIPRA SEN MR M. PAVAN KALYAN REDDY
MISS APARNA DAS MR B. CHINNA MOTHILAL NAIK
MISS NUTHAKKI RAJANI MR MRINMOY MONDAL
MISS K. HAPPYGRACE MR SUBHADEEP DAS
MISS M. GLORY PRIYA MR SUBHADIP HEMBRAM
MR SHAIK HUSSAIN MR SANDIPAN MAHAPATRA
MR TAMAL MAHAPATRA
B.Sc.NURSINGIV YEAR

COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

MRS. T. MERIPOULEENA, MSc (N), MBA, Ph.D

ASWINI COLLEGEOFNURSINGGUNTUR, ANDHRAPRADESH

Dr.YSRUNIVERSITYOFHEALTHSCIENCES,VIJAYAWADA,ANDHRAPRAD
ESH.
 DECLARATIONBYTHECANDIDATES

Weherebydeclarethattheprojectentitled““A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO

ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING CARDIOPULMONARY
RESUSCITATION AMONG B.SC NURSING 3RD YEAR STUDENTS AT
SELECTED COLLEGE, GUNTUR, ANDHRA PRADESH”.
”,is a bonafide worked done byB.Sc. (N)4thyearinCommunity
HealthNursingofASWINI COLLEGE OF NURSING, under partial
fulfilment of requirement for thedegree of BSC.NURSING submitted to
Y.S.R. UNIVERSITY OF HEALTHSCIENCES,VIJAYAWADA.

Date:

Place: SIGNATUREOFCANDIDATES

MISS SHIPRA SEN

MR M. PAVAN KALYAN REDDY
MISS APARNA DAS
MR B. CHINNA MOTHILAL NAIK
MISS NUTHAKKI RAJANI
MR MRINMOY MONDAL
MISS K. HAPPYGRACE
MR SUBHADEEP DAS
MISS M. GLORY PRIYA
MR SUBHADIP HEMBRAM
MR SHAIK HUSSAIN
MR SANDIPAN MAHAPATRA
MR TAMAL MAHAPATRA
 CERTIFICATEBYTHEPRINCIPAL

This is to certify that the project entitled ““A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO

ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING CARDIOPULMONARY
RESUSCITATION AMONG B.SC NURSING 3RD YEAR STUDENTS AT
SELECTED COLLEGE, GUNTUR, ANDHRA PRADESH”.
” is a bonafide worked done bythe B.Sc. (N) 4 th year in Community
Health Nursing of ASWINI COLLEGE OF NURSING, under partial
fulfilment of requirement for thedegree of BSC.NURSING submitted to
Y.S.R. UNIVERSITY OF HEALTHSCIENCE,VIJAYAWADA.

Signature:-------------------------------------------------

Mrs.T. MeriPouleena, MSc(N),MBA,Ph.D Principal

Aswini
CollegeofnursingGUNTUR.
 CERTIFICATEBYTHEGUIDE

This is to certify that the project entitled ““A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO

ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING CARDIOPULMONARY
RESUSCITATION AMONG B.SC NURSING 3RD YEAR STUDENTS AT
SELECTED COLLEGE, GUNTUR, ANDHRA PRADESH”.
” is a bonafide worked done bythe B.Sc. (N) 4 th year in Community
Health Nursing of SIMS INSTITUTE OF NURSING, for the partial
fulfilment of requirement for thedegree of BSC.NURSING submitted to
Y.S.R. UNIVERSITY OF HEALTHSCIENCE,VIJAYAWADA.

Signature:------------------------------------------------

Mrs. T. MeriPouleena, MSc (N), MBA, Ph.D

Principal

Aswini College of nursing

GUNTUR.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

“Nothinginlifeistobefeared, itisonlytobeunderstood.
Nowisthetimetounderstandmoreso thatwemay fearless.”
MarieCurie

We are thankful and ever grateful to Jesus Christ, my lord and

saviorfor his support, guidance and strength from the beginning to the end of
thisproject.

At the outset, we would like to extend our heart full thanks to

collageDr. Siva Sireesha, secretary correspondent and Mr. B. Bharath
ReddyDirector, SIMS Group of Institution for providing us precious
opportunityto un lift our professional lifeof Nursing in her
esteemedinstitution.Wethank her for personal, expert guidance and paragon
suggestions thought theperiod ofthestudy.

Weoweoursincerethankstoprof.Mrs.T. MeriPouleena,principal, and

our research guideAswini College of Nursing for her guidance, support,
encouragement andsupervision, sincere commitment and trenchant expression
of ideas in successofmyresearchstudy.

We also express our heartfelt thanks to Mr. V.S. Srinivasan,

ProfessorSIMS Instituteofnursing,for
hisvaluablecontributions,guidanceandtime-to-
timesuggestionsincrystallizingthestudy.

We also expressmy heartfelt thanks to Miss. G. Samba

Sukanya,Assistant professor, Aswini College of nursing, for her valuable
suggestionsandguidancethroughoutthestudy.
 We also expressmy heartfelt thanks to MissV. Indira,M.Sc. Lecturer,
Aswini College of nursing, for her valuable
suggestionsandguidancethroughoutthestudy.

WealsoexpressmyheartfeltthankstoMrs.K.Sirisha,Asst.ProfessorSIM
SCollegeofNursing,forhervaluablesuggestionsandguidancethroughoutthestud
y.

WewishtoexpressourdeepgratitudeandsincerethankstoallMSc

(N) Lecturers, Aswini College of Nursing for their valuable suggestions

andconstant encouragement throughout theperiod ofstudy.

We convey our deep sense of gratitude and heartfelt thanks to SIMS

College of nursing principlefor giving us thepermissiontoconduct
themainstudy.

Oursincerethankstoalltherespondentsfortheirco-operation.

Wearethankfultostatisticianforhisexpertguidanceinstatisticalanalysis.

WerenderourthankstoLibrarian,Aswini
CollegeofNursing,Guntur,fortheconstanthelpinissuingbooks,journals
andXeroxing.

Wealsoexpressourheartfeltthankstoourbelovedparents,siblingsandfriends
for theirsupport andprayers.

MISS SHIPRA SEN MR M. PAVAN KALYAN REDDY

MISS APARNA DAS MR B. CHINNA MOTHILAL NAIK
MISS NUTHAKKI RAJANI MR MRINMOY MONDAL
MISS K. HAPPYGRACE MR SUBHADEEP DAS
MISS M. GLORY PRIYA MR SUBHADIP HEMBRAM
MR SHAIK HUSSAIN MR SANDIPAN MAHAPATRA
MR TAMAL MAHAPATRA
 ABSTRACT
“A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE
REGARDING CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION AMONG B.SC
NURSING 3RD YEAR STUDENTS AT SELECTED COLLEGE, GUNTUR,
ANDHRA PRADESH”.

Objectives:

 To assess the level of knowledge regarding CPR among B.SC nursing 3 rd

year students.
 2. To find the association between the level of knowledge regarding CPR
among B.SC nursing 3rd year students with their selected socio
demographic
Variables Approachanddesign:
For the present study, a descriptive research design was adopted to
assessknowledge regarding CPR among B.SC nursing 3rdyear students.

Settings:
PresentstudywasconductedatSIMS College of Nursing, Guntur, A.P.

Participants:

50 B.Sc. nursing 3rd year students were selected using probability simple
random sampling technique.

Measurementsandtools:
Structuredknowledgequestionnairewasusedtogatherthedata.
 Findings:
 The results showed thatmajority of the B.Sc. nursing 3 rd year students
hadinadequate (54%) of knowledge while (46%) had moderate
knowledge and none had adequate knowledge on CPR.
 With regard to the knowledge on CPR among B.Sc. nursing 3 rd year
students with their selected socio demographic variables, From among the
variables,Religion and previous knowledge was found significant
(ꭓ2=12.1) (ꭓ2=20.4), while other variablesused was found to be non-
significant at 0.05 level of significance.

Hence, H1 was accepted.

Conclusion:
Greater attention should be given in educating the students
regarding the importance of CPR.

Keywords:CPR, knowledge of CPR, BSc (N) 3rd year students.

 INDEX

Chapterno Content Page.No

I INTRODUCTION 1-12
Backgroundofthestudy 2-4
Needforstudy 5-7
Statementofthe problem 8
Objectives 8
Hypothesis 8
Operational definitions 8
Assumptions 9
Delimitations 9
Conceptualframework 9

II REVIEWOF LITERATURE 13-21

III RESEARCHMETHODOLOGY 22-32

Researchapproach 23
Researchdesign 23
Researchvariable 25
Settingofthestudy 25
Population 27
Sampleandsamplesize 27
Samplingtechnique 28
Samplingcriteria 28
 -Inclusioncriteria 28
-Exclusioncriteria 28
Methodofdatacollection 28
Scoreinterpretation 30
Validityandreliability 30
Pilotstudy 31
Datacollectionprocedure 31
Ethicalconsideration 31
Planfordataanalysis 32

IV DATAANALYSISANDINTERPRETATION 33-46

V DISCUSSION 47-55

VI SUMMARY , FINDINGS, CONCLUSION 50-55

SUMMARY 50
MAJOR FINDINGS 50
IMPLICATION 50
RECOMMENDATIONS 51
LIMITATIONS 51
CONCLUSION 53-55
BIBLIOGRAPHY 56-58
ANNEXURES i-xxv
 LIST OFTABLES

TABLE. TITLE PAGE.

NO NO

SCORE INTERPRETATION OF
3.1 30
KNOWLEDGELEVEL
FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION
OF SOCIO DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES OF THE 35
4.1
BSC (N) 3RD YEAR STUDENTS.

FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION

4.2 OF THE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING CPR AMONG 42

B.SC. NURSING 3RD YEAR STUDENTS

MEAN, STANDARD DEVIATION OF THE

44
4.3 KNOWLEDGE ON CPR IN B.SC. NURSING 3RDYEAR
STUDENTS

CHI-SQUARE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE 45-46

4.4
KNOWLEDGE ON CPR WITH THEIR SELECTED
SOCIO DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES OF B.SC.
NURSING 3RDYEAR STUDENTS
 LISTOFFIGURE

FIGUREN PAGEN
TITLE
O O.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK BASED ON
VON BERTALANY’S GENERAL SYSTEM
1.1 12
THEORY
SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION
OFRESEARCHDESIGN
3.1 24

LOCATIONOFTHESTUDYSETTING
3.2 26

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF B.SC.

4.1(a) 37
NURSING 3RDYEAR STUDENTS ACCORDING
TO THEIR AGE

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF B.SC.

4.1(b) 38
NURSING 3RDYEAR STUDENTS ACCORDING
TO THEIR GENDER.
PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF B.SC.
NURSING 3RD YEAR STUDENTS ACCORDING
4.1(c) 39
TO THEIR RELIGION

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF B.SC.

NURSING 3RD YEAR STUDENTS ACCORDING
4.1(d) 40
TO PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF
4.1(e) B.SC. 3RD YEAR NURSING STUDENTS 41
ACCORDING TO SOURCES OF
INFORMATION

4.2 PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF 43

KNOWLEDGE OF CPR
 LISTOF ANNEXURES

ANNEXURE. CONTENT PAGE

NO. NO.

LETTERSEEKINGFORPERMISSIONTOCON
I ii
DUCTPILOTSTUDY

LETTERSEEKINGFORPERMISSIONTOCON
II iii
DUCTINGMAINSTUDY

III LETTER SEEKING ACCEPTANCE iv

ANDSUGGESTIONS FROM
CONTENT
VALIDATOR

IV CONTENTVALIDITYCERTIFICATE v-vii

V CONSENTFORM viii

ix-xvi
VI TOOLS FOR DATA COLLECTION

VII MASTER SHEETS xvii-xxii

VIII PHOTOS DURING DATA COLLECTION xxiii-xxv

 CHAPTER-I

INTRODUCTION

1
 CHAPTER-I
INTRODUCTION
“CPR is the bridge between life and death, and you have the power to be that
bridge.” – BOBBY SHERMAN

BACKGROUNDOFTHESTUDY

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, commonly known as CPR, is a life-

saving emergency procedure that aims to maintain blood flow and oxygenation
to the brain and other vital organs when a person's heart and breathing have
stopped. CPR plays a crucial role in increasing the chances of survival for
individuals experiencing sudden cardiac arrest, drowning incidents, or other
life-threatening emergencies.

The roots of CPR can be traced back to ancient times when various
cultures attempted to revive unconscious individuals through a range of
techniques. However, it was not until the 18th century that modern CPR began
to take shape. In the 1740s, the Paris academy of sciences recommended mouth-
to-mouth resuscitation as a method to revive drowning victims, while in the
19th century, chest compressions were introduced to enhance the effectiveness
of the technique. The combination of these two methods forms the foundation
of contemporary CPR.

The principles of CPR are built upon the understanding of the body's
circulatory and respiratory systems. When a person's heart stops beating, blood
circulation ceases, leading to the deprivation of oxygen to vital organs, most
notably the brain. Immediate intervention is essential to maintain blood flow,
deliver oxygen, and prevent irreversible brain damage. Modern CPR involves a

2
combination of chest compressions and rescue breaths (mouth-to-mouth or
mouth-to-nose ventilation). The chest compressions are performed to manually
pump blood from the heart to the brain and other organs. Rescue breaths, on the
other hand, aim to deliver oxygen to the victim's lungs, which then enters the
bloodstream during chest compressions. These two components work together
to provide a vital link in the chain of survive.

To perform CPR effectively, one must follow a standardized sequence of

steps. The first step is to ensure the safety of both the rescuer and the victim. If
the environment is safe, the rescuer should assess the victim's responsiveness by
tapping and shouting. If the victim is unresponsive and not breathing normally,
it's crucial to call for emergency medical help immediately. The next step
involves checking the victim's breathing. If they are not breathing or only
gasping, the rescuer should begin chest compressions. Chest compressions are
performed by placing the heel of one hand on the centre of the victim's chest,
just below the nipple line. The other hand is placed on top, and the rescuer locks
their elbows to ensure proper force and depth. Compressions are administered at
a rate of around 100-120 compressions per minute, with a depth of about 2-2.4
inches (5-6 centimetres).In addition to chest compressions, providing rescue
breaths is a critical aspect of CPR. After 30 compressions, the rescuer gives two
breaths to the victim by tilting their head back slightly, pinching the nose shut,
and covering the victim's mouth with their own. Each breath should be enough
to make the victim's chest rise visibly. This helps deliver oxygen to the lungs
and the bloodstream. While conventional CPR, involving both chest
compressions and rescue breaths, is the standard approach, there is also a
simplified form known as Hands-Only CPR. This technique focuses solely on
chest compressions and eliminates the need for rescue breaths. Hands-Only
CPR is particularly encouraged for bystanders who may be hesitant or
uncomfortable performing mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.
3
 “Nurse saves doctor after he collapses during a run.”
“Nurse saves gym-goer who collapsed after a heart attack.”
It is evident that if the nurses are well prepared to deal with the arrest situation
in hospital and community, the patient care is bound to be better as they manage
the situation effectively. It's important to note that effective CPR requires
regular training and practice. Performing CPR correctly demands a balance
between compressions and rescue breaths, the appropriate rate and depth of
compressions, and maintaining proper hand placement. Moreover, the
emotional and physical challenges associated with administering CPR can be
overwhelming. Therefore, training not only focuses on the physical techniques
but also on building the confidence and mental preparedness needed to act
swiftly and effectively in a high-stress situation.

CPR techniques continue to evolve with advancements in medical

knowledge and technology. Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs) have
become an integral part of the CPR process. These devices can analyse the
victim's heart rhythm and deliver a controlled electric shock to restore a normal
heartbeat. When combined with CPR, early defibrillation can significantly
enhance the chances of survival, especially in cases of sudden cardiac arrest. In
conclusion, CPR is a fundamental skill that holds the potential to save lives in
critical situations. Its history, rooted in centuries of attempts to revive
individuals, has evolved into a standardized and systematic technique that
combines chest compressions and rescue breaths. Whether performed through
conventional CPR or Hands-Only CPR, the goal remains the same: to maintain
blood circulation and oxygen supply until professional medical assistance
arrives. Given its immense importance, acquiring CPR skills through proper
training can empower individuals to act confidently and effectively when faced
with emergencies that demand immediate intervention.

4
 Death rate in India 2021The death rate in India increased by 2.1 deaths per
1,000 inhabitants (+28.57 percent) in 2021. Therefore, the death rate in India
reached a peak in 2021 with 9.45 deaths per 1,000 inhabitants. The crude death
rate is the annual number of deaths in a given population, expressed per 1,000
people. When looked at in unison with the crude birth rate, the rate of natural
increase can be determined.

CPR needed on CPR is most successful when administered as soon as

possible. CPR is required when a person is:

 Unconscious
 Not breathing normally
 Not breathing.

A person in cardiac arrest may grunt, snort or take gasping breaths – this is not
normal breathing. They still need CPR – don’t wait until they stop breathing.

Although CPR steps are the same for adults and older children, the technique
for babies and young children (0-5 years) is slightly different.

The steps involved in CPR are known as DRSABCD:

D–Danger
R–Respons
S–Sendforhelp
A–Airway
B–Breathing
C–CPR
D – Defibrillator

5
 dangerous doing chest compressions?

Sometimes, people will have their ribs broken by chest compressions. This is
still better than the alternative of not receiving CPR.
If this occurs, pause and reposition your hands before continuing or get
someone else to take over.

D= Defibrillator – A defibrillator is a life-saving device that treats someone who

is having a cardiac arrest. It can analyze abnormal heart rhythms and send an
electric shock or pulse to get the heart to return to its normal pumping rhythm.

6
CPR must be continued until an automated external defibrillator (AED)
becomes available. The pads must be attached to the skin and the machine
turned on.

AEDs are easy to use – voice prompts tell you what to do.

It is important to follow the prompts on the AED. Do not touch the person
during analysis or shock delivery.

CPR and basic skills

If there is an emergency, knowing simple first aid can mean the difference
between life and death. Consider taking a first aid course. CPR can be life-
saving first aid – it increases someone’s chances of survival until an ambulance
arrives.

First aid training courses are available across Australia. A course typically takes
a couple of hours and can be taken online or in person. Times are also flexible.

Participants learn basic first aid skills (including CPR) and usually receive a
certificate. Follow up refresher courses are recommended every 3 years.

Many organizations hold regular courses, ask your doctor or maternal and child
health nurse for more information.

CONCLUSION:

For someone experiencing cardiac arrest, CPR is a crucial life-saving

treatment that can mean the difference between life and death. No matter your
experience or level of medical understanding, learning CPR is easy and simple,
and anybody can do it to save a life in an emergency.

7
NEEDFORTHESTUDY

More than 350,000 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occur in the United

States per year, out of which 70% happen inside homes, 90 percent of people
who suffer cardiac arrest die prior to reaching a hospital or medical care facility.
Effective CPR provided by a bystander in the first few minutes of cardiac arrest
can increase the chances of survival by 2x or 3x.

According to Worldwide Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a major

public health challenge, with an average global incidence among adults of 55

OHCAs per 100,000 person-years. In China, there are more than 230 million
people with cardiovascular disease, and 550,000 individuals experience cardiac
arrest every year . Worldwide, survival after OHCA remains poor . In China,
the survival rate of OHCA is less than 1% . Early initiation, good
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) quality, and the use of an automated
external defibrillator (AED) significantly improved survival and long-term
outcomes in survivors of OHCA.

Many studies have been conducted to estimate the survival rate among
OHCA patients who received CPR in different regions of the world. However,
the results were inconsistent across studies. The purpose of this systematic
review and meta-analysis was to estimate the overall incidence of the return of
spontaneous circulation (ROSC), the survival to admission rate, the survival to
discharge rate, the 1-month survival rate, and the 1-year survival rate of patients
after OHCA who received CPR worldwide.

8
Among India’s population, less than two per cent people are aware of CPR.
About 4,280 people per 1 lakh population are getting cardiac arrest per year in
the country. Every minute 112 people are succumbing to cardiac arrest. This is a
very big problem. CPR is an issue in India because we have never trained the
public.

We do not have a robust emergency medical system and ambulances

can’t reach in the first three minutes, when CPR can be life-saving. Remember
former President APJ Abdul Kalam who suddenly collapsed at a function. But
nobody could do the CPR,” said Dr SSC Chakra Rao, chairperson, Indian
Resuscitation Council (IRC).

According to the American heart association the overall survival rate

for out of hospital a cardiac arrest is around 10%. However, survival it can be
improve by standards started immediately. Every year in the United State
around 356 461 out of hospital cardiac arrest occurs across all age groups. Most
of them being adult. Almost 90% of those cases are fatal. Nearly 45% of out of
hospitality victims survived when by standard CPR was administrator. More
than 350000 cardiac arrest occurs outside of hospital in 2020 cardiac arrest
mortality in the US was 436 852 in the year of 2021. Us for adult o h c a only
survival to hospital discharge was 4.1% for all EMS treated non traumatic
OHCA cardiac arrest.
According to the India - statistics nearly 7.5 lakh people died of certain
cardiac arrest every year in India. Among India's population less than two-
person people are ever of CPR around 428 0 pupil 1 lakh population are getting
cardiac arrest in the country. The survival rate to hospital admission was 32.5%.
The survival rate to hospital discharges was 8.8%. CPR duration of 30 minutes
was taken as a cut of up and it was found that of 47 (59%) of patient with
OHCA who received CPR for a duration of less than or equal to 30 minutes.

9
Those was achieved by 32.5% of them where is not a single patient could be
survived in the remaining 26 (32.5%) of patient. In public 45% men received
CPR assistant after sudden cardiac arrest compared to only 39% of women.
Man are 1.23 times more likely to receive assistant from bystanders and their
chances of survival rate are 23% higher compared to women. People form low
income neighborhood who explains OHCA are statistically less likely to receive
CPR assistance from bystanders then people in higher income.
In the present scenario cardiac arrest rates are increased due to alcohol or
drug abuse, high blood pressure, high cholesterol obesity, smoking and lack of
knowledge regarding CPR and also lack of treatment.
To prevent the cardiac arrest, we should know about the proper treatment
process. The most important treatment we can provide for cardiac arrest patient
is CPR.
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) contributed to 10% of overall mortality in
this population. On an average, SCD cases were 5-8years younger compared to
populations reported in the western hemisphere. The prevalence of risk factors
was also very high.
Rural Andhra Pradesh
Another study of 45 villages in rural Andhra Pradesh showed that
cardiovascular disease (CVD) was the leading cause of mortality accounting for
32% of all deaths, a rate as high as in Canada (35%) and the US.3 The
prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) was only 5% and stroke is 2%
possibly due to high mortality from poor medical care.
Among individuals with CVD the reported use of medications was 14%
for aspirin, 41% for blood pressure-lowering medication, and only 5% for
cholesterol-lowering medication.3
These data show a disturbing burden of CAD risk factors in both urban and
rural Andhra Pradesh and very low implementation of evidence-based medicine
in people with CVD.

10
 Prospective mortality surveillance was conducted in 45 villages (180,162
subjects) in rural South India between January 2006 and October 2007. Trained
multipurpose health workers sought to do verbal autopsies within 4 weeks of
any death. Detailed questionnaires including co morbidities and circumstances
surrounding death were recorded. SCD was adjudicated using the modified
Hinkle-Thaler classification.
A total of 1916 deaths occurred in the study population over the 22-
month time period and verbal autopsy was obtained in 1827 (95%) subjects.
Overall mean age of the deceased was 62 ± 20 years and 1007 (55%) were men.
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases together accounted for 559 deaths
(31%), followed by infectious disease (163 deaths, 9%), cancer (126 deaths,
7%) and suicide (93 deaths, 5%).
Of the 1827 deaths, after excluding accidental deaths (89 deaths), 309 deaths
(17%) met criteria for SCD. Cardiovascular disease was the underlying causes
in the majority of the SCD events (231/309 (75%)). On multivariate analyses,
previous MI/CAD (p < 0.001, OR 14.25), hypertension (p < 0.001, OR 1.84),
and age groups between 40-60 yrs (p=0.029) were significantly associated with
SCD.
According to Andhrapradesh According to cardiologists, response
within five minutes of a patient suffering cardiac arrest could enhance his/her
chances of survival by as much as 40 per cent. The prime job of the call
operator is to take down the basic information and rush the ambulance. Their
calls hardly last three minutes and most of the callers are panic-stricken
relatives of patients, especially in cases related to cardiac arrest. But, if call
operators are trained to direct the callers to provide Cardiopulmonary
Resuscitation (CPR) to the patients, a practice widely followed in the United
States and United Kingdom, many lives could be saved before the ambulance
reaches them.

11
Speaking to TNIE, 108 service State head K Suresh said, “We have around
2,000 employees on the field such as drivers and medical attendants who are
trained to administer basic life support including CPR on cardiac patients. We
have around 110 call operators who work in shifts 24/7. However, we don’t
recommend our representatives to give medical instructions to the callers
because it may turn adverse if performed wrongly.” “We have two types of
ambulances: basic life support ambulance and advanced life support ambulance.
The latter is equipped with defibrillator that comes to the rescue of heart
patients. We always send advanced life support ambulances in cardiac-related
cases,” he added.

Of the 439 108 ambulances across the State, 89 are equipped with advanced life
support system. However, while the ratio of advanced to basic life support
ambulances should be 25:75, the present ratio is skewed. This could increase the
response time and slim the chances of survival of the patients, which is where
telephonic CPR can be a game changer. Ramesh Hospitals chief interventional
cardiologist Pothineni Ramesh said, “Due to the heavy traffic, it is difficult to
reduce the response time of the ambulances to five minutes. Setting up local
first-aid centres and telephonic instructions to the callers can save lives.”

Cardiac arrest is a substantial public health problem estimated to account for

15–20% of all death. It is documented that a timely performed cardiopulmonary
resuscitation (CPR) can largely prevent sudden death. Being important members
of the health care delivery team, medical professionals and nursing staff are
deemed to pass the basic skills and expertise which are needed to perform CPR.
The principle objectives of the research project are to assess knowledge and
attitude of CPR and to compare knowledge regarding CPR among medical and
nursing students.

12
STATEMENTOFTHEPROBLEM
“A descriptive study to assess the knowledge regarding Cardiopulmonary
Resuscitation in b.sc nursing 3rd year students in selected college, Guntur, AP”.

OBJECTIVES
1. To assess the level of knowledge regarding CPR among B.SC nursing 3rd year
students.
2. To find the association between the level of knowledge regarding CPR
among B.SC nursing 3rd year students with their selected socio demographic
variables.

HYPOTHESIS
H1: There is a significant association between the level of knowledge regarding
CPR among B.SC nursing 3rd year students with their selected socio
demographic variables.

OPERATIONALDEFINITION
Assess: In this study, it refers to evaluating the level of Knowledge of CPR
among 3rd year B.SC. Nursing Students by using structured Knowledge
questionnaire.

Knowledge: In this study, it refers to the information obtained by 3 rd year B.Sc.

Nursing Students regarding CPR.

CPR: In this study, it refers to an emergency life-saving procedure that is done

when someone's breathing or heartbeat has stopped. This may happen after a
medical emergency, such as an electric shock, heart attack, or drowning. CPR
combines rescue breathing and chest compression.

B.SC. Nursing 3rd year student: In this study, it refers to the B.sc Nursing

13
students who are studying B.Sc. Nursing 3rd year in the selected college.

ASSUMPTIONS
Thepresentstudyassumesthat:
1. The 3rd year B.Sc. Nursing students may willingly participate in the study
and respond honestly to the questionnaire.
2. The 3rd year B.Sc. Nursing students may not be have adequate knowledge
regarding CPR.

DELIMITATIONS
Thestudyisdelimitedto:
 B.SC Nursing 3rd year Students
 Selected college
 50 Samples
 4 Weeks of Data Collection

CONCEPTUALFRAMEWORK

Theconceptualframeworkindicateshowtheresearchviewstheconceptsinvol
veinastudy-speciallytheirrelationshipamongconcepts.Conceptual framework
presence logically constructed concepts to provide
ageneralexplanationofrelationship amongtheconcepts oftheresearch
(SureshKSharma2018)
The conceptual framework adopted for this study is based on Von
Bertalany’s general system model. Bertalanffy had even more ambitious
aspirations than the cyberneticists, and argued that GST could establish a
unified foundation for science [von Bertalanffy, 1956]. Relative to cybernetics,
GST was more weakly associated with military applications. Some of the
founding members of the Society for General Systems Research were vocal

14
critics of the military-industrial complex, such as Boulding and Rapoport, who
established the Center for Peace Research and Conflict Resolution at the
University of Michigan in 1956. Bertalanffy himself wrote “I, personally, am
not enthusiastic about the applications of systems in industry and politics but
they are a fact” [Hammond, 2003] In the general system there
arevaryingdegreesofinteractionwithenvironmentfromwhichthesystemreceives
theinput and gives back the output in the form of information,matter and
energy.Thetheoryconsistsofconceptssuchas:

l Input whichincludes thein formationofthehumans

l Throughputinvolvingtheadministrationsystem

l Outputwhichincludestheresultsoftheadministrationsystem

In open system, there are varying degrees of interaction with

environmentfrom which the system receives the input and gives back the output
in theformof information,matterandenergy.

For survival and stability,all systemsmust receivevarying types andamounts

of information, matter and energy from the environment. Throughthe process of
selection, the system regulates the type and amount of
output.Thesystemusesinputthroughself-
regulationtomaintainthesystemsstabilityorequilibrium.Information,matterandene
rgyarecontinuouslymonitoring itself and environment for information to guide
its operation. Thisfeedback information of environmental responses to the
system’s output isutilized by the system in adjustment, correction and
accommodation to theinteractions with the environment. Feedback may be
positive, negative orneutral.

System’s theory provides a way tounderstand thevariablesinfluencingthe

15
whole person and the possible impact of the change of any part of thewhole.
This theory can be very useful to assess the knowledge regarding CPR among
B.SC nursing students.

16
 The present study is intended to assess the knowledge regarding CPR
among B.SC nursing students at selected college,Guntur.

Inthisstudy,theconceptsareexplainedasfollows:

Input
Input is something put into a system or expended in its operation to
achieve output or a result .
The input is the socio-demographic data of the B.SC nursing students
suchas age, gender, religion, previous knowledge on CPR, sources of
information.

Throughput

Throughput is an action that is required to perform the desired task .

Thethroughputistheadministrationofatestusingstructuredknowledgequesti
onnaireonknowledgeregarding CPR

Output

Output is the information produced by a system for process from a

specific input
Theoutputofthepresentstudyistheassessmentofthelevelofknowledge
regarding Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation of B.SC nursing 3rd year students
whichiscategorizedasinadequate,moderateandadequateknowledge.

Feedback

The system continuously monitors the system itself and the environment for
information that guides its operation .
Feedback is not included in this study as the study aims at assessing
theknowledgeofthe B.SC nursing student
17
 INPUT THROUGHPUT OUTPUT

 Age Knowledge
 Gender
 Religion
 Previous
knowledge Structured knowledge
 Sources of questionnaire and
Adequate
information

Moderate

HEALTH EDUCATION Inadequate

Included in the study

FEEDBACK
Not included in the study

Fig 1.1 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK BASED ON VON BERTALANY’S GENERAL SYSTEM MODEL

18
 CHAPTER-II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE

13
 CHAPTER-II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Literaturereviewreferstotheactivitiesinvolvedinidentifyingandsearchi
ng for information on a topic and developing a comprehensive picture
ofthestate ofknowledge onthattopic. (PolitandHungler)
The review of literature is an accent of what has been already
establishedorpublishedresearch topicby
accreditedscholarsandresearchers.Ahigh-quality literature review is more
than a mechanical exercise. It is an art andscience.

The review ofliteratureforthe presentstudyis

presentedunderthefollowing headings:
 Literature related to prevalence of cardiac arrest.
 Literature related to outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
 Literature related to knowledge regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Literature related to prevalence of cardiac arrest.

Mustafa Albajzheen, et al [2023] conducted a study to estimate

the prevalence of cardiopulmonary resuscitation among adolescent medical
emergency marked the creation of cardiac mechanical activity and insufficient
blood flow. A total sample of 351 adolescent student were selected. The results
related that overall spontaneous circulation and survival discharge were
achieved in 105[30.2%, 40(1%,35%)] students CPR lifesaving method two vital
organs heart and longs [3.4] cardiac arrest out of student cardiac arrest
[age<14yrs old] reported dead [JRB] of king Saudi medical city. The prevalence
rate total 264 [45.2%] male 87 [24.8%] female 60% cardiac etiology [212
student]. The study conducted that CPR outcomes are highly associated with
CPR duration of [30 minutes] students in endotracheal intubation.
14
 Sophia Emmons Bell, et al (2021) performed a systemic review of
prevalence, incidence & survival for all available population. Reprehensive
studies to inform the Global burden of disease 2020. Population-based studies
published between 1990-2020 ward examined using structured review methods
and data-based search strings. Research strings identified 42360 studies over a
30-years period of which 790 were selected for full text review & 125 met
criteria for in-collusion, 45 sources reported estimates of prevalence, 41
incidents & 58 of mortality. Prevalence ranged from 0.2% in a Hong Kong
study of hospitalized heart failure patients in 1997, to 17.7% in a US study of
Medicare beneficiaries aged 651 from 2002 to 2013. Collapsed estimates of
incidence ranged from 0.1% in the EPICAL study of acute heart failure in
France among those aged 20-80 years in 1994 to 4.3% in a US study of
Medicare beneficiaries 651 from 1994 to 2003. One-year heart failure case
fatality ranged from 4% to 45% with an average of 33% overall and 24% for
studies across all adult ages. Heart failure remains a high prevalence disease
among older adult with risk death at one year.

A.hussain alzahrani et al (2019) conducted a retrospective study

included all patients age ≥ 18 years with SCA who were resuscitated at king
Abdelaziz university hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between January 1 and
December 31, 2016. Data were retrieved from the hospital medical records as
flow sheets designed in accordance with the UT stein style recommendations.
Factors relating to mortality were analyzed using descriptive analysis and chi-
square test. A total 429 cases of SCA need the inclusion criteria and its
prevalence was 7.76 cases / 1000 adult hospital admissions of this 61.3% were
male and the mean age was 58.4 years, with 36.6% aged >65 years. only 3.5%
were outside hospital cardiac arrest, the most common initial rhythm was pulse
less electrical activity/ asystole (93.2%) while ventricle trachy cardia /

15
ventricular fibrillation was documented only 29 cases (6.8%). The overall rate
of return to spontaneous circulation was 52.6% and 56.8% in cases of in
hospital cardiac arrest. The study concluded that there is a need to identify and
control risk factors for SAC to improve survival.

Literature related to outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Matthew B, et al (2023) conducted a descriptive study to assess the

outcomes regarding Cardio regarding pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) among
the American College of surgeons & National surgery. And to find out the
association between knowledge score with, there selected demo graphical
variable prepares informational booklet. A total 3149 patients 50 years old
undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Who received CPR on postoperative care were
selected. It's out comes & measures Thirty-day mortality and non-home
discharge. It used to conduct result stared thank among the 3149 patients
included in the analysis, the median age was 71 (IQR, 63-79) years, 1709
(55.9%) were men and 2117 (69.2%) were women, mean (SD) RAI of 40 or
greater of whom 534 (67.4%) died within 30 days of surgery. Association
between frailty & mentality following CPR varied by procedure urgency. A
RAI of 40 or greater was associated with increased odds of non-home discharge
compared with a RAI less than 40. The study concluded Identifying patients
who are undergone surgery & shave guide shared decision-making regarding
per operative CPR promote goal- Concordant surgical case.

Afshin Goodarzi, et al (2022) conducted a cross sectional study on 1000

cases of resuscitation to assess outcomes of CPR. The subjects were selected
through systematic random sampling technique. It shows that out of 1000 cases
of resuscitation 220 cases (22%) had the return of spontaneous circulation and

16
there was 5.2% survival to discharge (STD). logistic regression test showed that
age <50 years (P =0.001). Past resuscitation gals-go coma scale (Gcs) (P =
0.0001) and cardiac arrest with witness or under monitoring (P = 0.031) had a
significant relationship with patient discharge after resuscitation. The study
conducted that despite the improvement of STD over the past few years, these
incidences are still not comparable with those in other countries. This finding
can be a motivation for the medical personnel in doing a better CPR operation.

Ebrahim Ezzati, et al [2020] conducted descriptive analytic study to

assessed the effect of arriving time of physician and CPR team among cardiac
arrested patients and to find out the association between physician`s arrival and
patients’ survival with their selected demographic variables.143 patient was
included in the study data analysis was performed using parametric and
nonparametric statistical tests and SPSS.
The findings clearly showed that initial survival rate was 26.6% in general, the
mean time of physician`s presence after the code announced in minutes and
record was 02:31+_01:22. It was also 0:24+_01:15 in successful cases and
02:34+_ 01.25 in unsuccessful cases. Independent test did not show a
significant difference between the physician`s presence time and initial
successful resuscitation. In this study the initial survival rate in comparison to
other regions in the country was almost more favorable and it similar to global
norms. There was no relationship between the presence of physician and the
initial survival rate of patient.

Literature related to knowledge regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Jang-sik ko et al (2023) conducted a study to assess Cardiopulmonary

resuscitation knowledge of Korean elementary School Students in Performing CPR.

17
The sample Included 140 school children in the third, fourth, fifth and sixth grades of
an elementary school. Data were collected through structured questionnaires. The
number of school children who answered 'Yes' increased from 51 (36.4%) to 112
(80.0%). Similarly, the question, can use an AED if you find a cardiac arrest patient in
the absence of medical Staff? Improved from 48 (34.3%) to 78 (55.7%) in the number
of school children who masked "yes". The question, can you perform CPR if you find
a cardiac arrest patient in the medical Staff? Improved from 83 (59.3%) to 105 (75.0%)
in the number of schoolchildren who masked "Yes". The question, "can you perform
CPR, if your family member has a cardiac arrest? Ranked highest both before and after
CPR education, with 102 (72.9%) and 129 (92.1%) responding marking "Yes?
Respectively, the study concluded that self-efficacy was the most important factor in
influencing confidence in performing CPR.

G. bhuvaneshwari et al (2020) conducted a study to assess the level of

knowledge regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation among general population in
Chennai. In this study a total 100 people aged group between 20 to 50 years were
selected. Using random sampling technique, the study shows that out of 100 samples
87(87%) members had inadequate knowledge, 11(11%) members had moderate
knowledge, 2(2%) members had an adequate level of knowledge among CPR. The
study concluded that majority didn’t have adequate knowledge.

Sumitra Ropini K. et al (2019) conducted a descriptive study to assess

the knowledge of and willingness to perform Hands only CPR among college
student in Malaysia. An online self-administered survey conducted and 393
participants were through questionnaire on demography. Exposure to CPR
knowledge on Hands only CPR & their willingness to perform hands only CPR.
The study clearly showed that knowledge on the hand’s only CPR Not among
local college student is not encouraging. Not many of them know where to
attend such courses. There was a significant Association between knowledge
18
and willingness to perform Hand only CPR. In the sample 27% of the
respondents did not attend any CPR training before. For knowledge the mean
score was 8.6 ± 3.2 and the median score was 9. The knowledge score among
those who attend CPR training (M = 3.6, S=2.9) was significantly higher
compared to those who did not (M = 6.7, S=3.0). Higher knowledge is
associated with previous trainees are more willing to perform Hands-only CPR.
Therefore, based on this study concluded that more training should be provided
to college students so that in case of emergency, they will be ready to perform
what is necessary.

Alaa O, et al (2019) conducted a cross sectional study to assess the

knowledge regarding cardio pulmonary resuscitation among allied health
university student in Jordan. A total number of 883 students completed the
survey and include in the study by using convenience sampling method. The
study shows that there was poor knowledge of cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation
APH students. Participants had a mean CPR knowledge score of 3.9 (± 1.1) out
of 10 maximum points. Trained participants had a higher mean score compared
with the untrained [4.6 (±1.6) vs 3·8 (±1.6), P<0.001]. Previous training
(adjusted B=0.6; 95% (I 0.2 to 0.9, P<0.001) & being in the physical therapy
program (adjusted B=0.5; 95% CI 0.1 to 000·8; P=0.01) were associated with
higher knowledge. the study concluded that the compulsory training courses,
shorter training periods as well as recurrent & regular refreshing courses & use
of various media devices are recommended.

Fodi Jandali Qara et al (2019) conducted a cross-sectional study in the

population of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A cross sectional survey containing
22questions was administered to individuals aged ≥18 years, who were not
health care providers. Sample included residents of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

19
Results reviled out 28.7% stated that they had previously received training in
CPR. Regarding manifestations of cardiac arrest 40.7% suggested was of
consciousness, 36.8% suggested caution of breathing & 24.7% suggested
caution of circulation. Only 11.7% among respondents were found to be able to
perform mouth to mouth ventilation & 29.51. Were able to perform both While
55.5% knew the location for performing chest compressions, 44.7% knew the
correct compression ventilation role.

Abdulmajeed oeaid Alsharari et al (2018) Cross sectional prospective

study was carried out among four northern region universities of Saudi Arabia
between March and November. A total number of 947 students included male
and female were participated between 18 to 29 years age group. A simple
randomized sampling method for the selection of colleges was used. A self-
administered structured questionaries used for data collection. The data were
analyzed statistically by using statical package for social sciences (SPSS)
Version 21. The result revealed that 947 subjects who completed the survey
with a response rate of 91% the first section of our questioner Results show that
72% of the students have a previous knowledge about CPR. 67% of them think
that it is 51% of them currently answered the number of the emergency medical
services, wherever 41 percent wrote the steps of CPR in the correct sequence
the study concluded that overall awareness was good regarding CPR. What the
knowledge and fast aid skills must be improved more demonstration and
awareness needed

Vijayaraddi V., et al (2018)conducted a descriptive study to assess the

knowledge regarding Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) among the 1 st year
GNM (diploma nursing students) and to find out the association between
knowledge score with their selected demographical variables & to prepare an

20
informational booklet. 50 samples were selected in the study by simple random
sampling technique. The finding clearly showed that there is no one student had
poor knowledge regarding CPR among the 1st year RGNM students. There is
38% of adequate knowledge regarding CPR and the majority of 62% students
having good knowledge about cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The study
concluded that the GNM students required more knowledge and skill regarding
CPR to practice effectively to save life of a victim. Even though majority of the
GNM (diploma nursing students) had good knowledge but still perfection is
required to practice it whenever needed in emergency.

Mutlu vural, Mustafa feridun kosar et al (2017) conducted a study to

assess CPR knowledge amog nursing students in the Kasturba medical college,
manipal, Karnataka, india. The sample included randomly selected 401
probationer nursing students. Data were collected through structured questioner.
Descriptive statistics & multiple response analyses were done by IBM SPSS
version 20. The results revealed that the students had good knowledge about the
importance of CPR in clinicals practice and stood average in knowing it is
indications & effectiveness. The mean score was 64.62 in 1784 out of 100
points while only 11% of them were completely aware about the universal
compression ventilation ratio. The study concluded that the knowledge of CPR
is good among the nursing students however, skills of CPR have to be improved
by current training programmes at regular intervals.

21
 CHAPTER-III

METHODOLOGY

22
 CHAPTER-III
RESEARCHMETHODOLOGY
Research methodologyis a significant part of anystudy which enablesthe
researcher to project the research is under taken. Research
methodologyenablestheresearchtoprojectablueprintofthedetails,data,approach,an
alysisandfindingsoftheresearch undertaken.
(SureshkSharma2018)

This chapter includes research approach, research design, setting of

thestudy, variables, population, sample, sample size, sampling technique,
criteriafor the sampling section a developing the description tool, validity,
reliability,pilotstudy,data collectionprocedure and planfordata analysis.

RESEARCHAPPROACH

Research approach involves the description of the plan to investigate

thephenomenonunderstudyinastructured(quantitative),unstructured(qualitative)
or acombinationofthetwomethods.

For the present study, a Quantitative research approach was adopted.

RESEARCHDESIGN

Research design is a blueprint that the researchers select to carry out

23
theirresearch study. It is the researchers‟ overall plan for answering the
researchquestionsor testingthehypotheses.
(SureshKSharma2018)
For the present study, a descriptive research design was adopted to
assessknowledge regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation in b.sc nursing 3rd
year students.

24
 Quantitative approach RESEARCH APPROACH

Descriptive research design

RESEARCH DESIGN

SIMS College of nursing, Guntur, A.P SETTING OF STUDY

BSc (N) 3rd year POPULATION

50 SAMPLE SIZE

Non-probability purposive sampling SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

technique

1. Structured questionnaire METHOD OF DATA

COLLECTION

DATA COLLECTION

PLAN FOR ANALYSIS

Descriptive statistics Inferential statistics

Frequency Percentage Chi-square
Mean
Standard deviation

Fig.3.1 SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF RESEARCH DESIGN

25
RESEARCHVARIABLES

A research variable refers to the attributes of characteristics that can

havemore than one value, such as height or weight. In other words, variables
arequalities, quantities, properties, or characteristics of people, things, or
situationsthat changeorvary.

(SureshKSharma2018)

In this study the research variable was the knowledge of B.SC nursing 3 rd
year students regarding CPR.

SETTINGOF THE STUDY

Research settings are specific places in a research where data collection

isto be made. The selection of setting was done on the basis of the feasibility
ofconductingstudy,availabilityofsubjectand permissionofauthorities.
(Polit&Hungler,2002)

The Present Study was conducted at SIMS College of nursing, Guntur, A.P.

26
Fig. 3.2 Location of the study setting

27
 POPULATION

Population refers to the entire aggregation of cases that meet the designated
criteria(SureshKSharma,2018)

Thepopulationforthepresentstudywere nursing students.

Targetpopulation
Theentirepopulationinwhichtheresearchersareinterestedandwhichthey
wouldliketogeneralizetheresearchfinding
(SureshKSharma, 2018)

Thetargetpopulationforthepresentstudy were B.Sc. nursing 3 rd year

students who have undergone 1 year of clinical in selected college, Guntur.

Accessiblepopulation
Theaggregatecasesthatconfirmtodesignatedinclusionorexclusioncriteriaan
dthatareaccessiblesubjectofthestudy.(SureshKSharma, 2018)

Theaccessiblepopulationforthepresentstudy were B.SC. Nursing 3 rd

year students who will be available at the time of study,Guntur.

SAMPLE
Asampleistheproportionofthepopulationthathasbeenselectedtorepresen
tthepopulationofinterest. (SureshkSharma,2018)

Thesampleforthe present study were B.Sc. nursing 3rd year students.

SAMPLESIZE
Samplesizeisnormallydecidedbythenatureofthestudy,natureofthepop
ulation. (Polit&Hungler,2002)

28
 For the present study, the sample size was 50B.SC. Nursing 3rd year students.

SAMPLINGTECHNIQUE

Samplingistheprocessofselectingaportionofpopulationwhorepresentstheen
tirepopulation. (Polit&Hungler,2002)

For the present study, probability simple random sampling technique will
be used to select the sample.

CRITERIAFORSAMPLESELECTION

Inclusioncriteria:

 B.SC Nursing 3RD Year Students

 Studying in selected college
 Students Who Undergone 1year Of Clinical

Exclusioncriteria:
 Have undergone similar study

METHODOF DATACOLLECTION
Forthepresentstudy,theresearchers
w a s adoptastructuredknowledgequestionnaire.

DEVELOPMENTOF THETOOL
Thefollowingsteps wereadoptedinpreparingthetool:
Reviewofliterature
The literature review was done to find information regarding knowledge of CPR

29
Preparationof roughdraft

Theresearcherspreparedaroughdraftofthetoolbasedontheinformationobtai
nedfromthedetailedliteraturereviewandkeepinginmindtheliterary
levelofthepopulation.

Toolvalidity

The tool was given for validation to the concerned experts for
necessarysuggestionsandmodifications.

Finalpreparationofthetool

The researchers were prepare the final tool by incorporating the

modificationsand suggestionsmadebytheevaluators.

DESCRIPTIONOFTHETOOL

The tool willconsistof 2 sections:

SectionA:Socio-Demographicvariables

The demographic variables will be the age, gender, religion, previous

knowledge on CPR, sources of information.

SectionB:Structuredknowledgequestionnaire

This part of the tool will consist of 30 objective type questions on

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
The structured knowledge questionnaire will consist of 30 objective type
30
 questions with a single correct answer. Every correct answer will be awarded
Score of one (1) and every incorrect/ unanswered question will be awarded
zero (0). The maximum score on the structured knowledge questionnaire will be
thirty (30). A scoring key will be prepared showing item number and correct
responses.

ScoreInterpretation

Theknowledgeoftherespondents will becategorizedasfollows:

Knowledge Score Percentage

Inadequate 0-15 0-50%

Moderate 15-22 51-75%

Adequate 23-30 76-100%

Table: 3.1Score interpretation of Knowledge Level.

VALIDITY
Itreferstothedegreetowhichtheinstrumentmeasureswhatitisintendedto
measure. (SureshKSharma,2018)

Thetoolvaliditywasdoneby3nursingpersonnel.Thetoolwasmodifiedaccord
ingtosuggestionsandrecommendationsgivenbytheexperts.

RELIABILITYOFTHETOOL

Reliability of the research instrument is defined as the extent to which

theinstrumentyieldstheresultsinrepeatedmeasures.(SureshKSharma,2018)
The reliability of the tool was estimated by using test retest method.
KarlPearson’s & spearman’s formula was used to obtain the reliability quotient
and the reliability quotient obtained was r’’=0.84. Hence, the tool was found to
be reliable.

31
PILOTSTUDY
A pilot study is referred to a small-scale preliminary tryout of the method
tobeusedin an actuallylargestudy which acquaintstheresearcherwith
Problems that can be corrected in proportion for the large research study
or is tobe done to provide the research with an opportunity to try out the
procedure,methodsandtoolsofdatacollection. (SureshKSharma,2018)
Pilotstudywasconducton 5 samples. The researchers used the structured
knowledge questionnaire togather the data. The feasibility and practicability of
the study was estimated.Thus,mainstudywascarriedout.

DATACOLLECTIONPROCEDURE

Data collection is the gathering the information to address the

researchproblem.Datacollectionisreferredasgatheringofinformationfromthesamp
lingunit. Theresearcher plan typically specifies proceduresfor
actualcollectionofdata. (SureshKSharma)

Afterobtainingpriorpermissionfromtheconcernedauthoritiesof selected
college, Guntur, AP.

After obtaining formal permission from concerned authorities, the sample

were gathered in classroom. Prepared tools were given. Each respondent were
given 30 minutes to complete the questionnaires. Doubts were clarified.

ETHICAL CONSIDERATION

Formal permission will be obtained from concerned authority of selected

college

Informed consent was taken from respondents

Privacy and confidentiality of the data was maintained.

32
PLANFORDATAANALYSIS

Dataanalysis will
bethesystematicorganizationandsynthesisofresearchdatathe testing of research
hypothesisusing the obtained data.Itisplanned
toanalyzeandinterpretdatawiththehelpofdescriptiveandinferentialstatistics.
(SureshKSharma, 2018)

Thefollowingmethodswill beplannedtoanalyzethedata:

S.NO. STATISTICS METHOD OBJECTIVE

1. Descriptiv  Frequencyandper 1. To assess the level of
estatistics centage knowledge regarding CPR
 Mean among B.SC nursing 3rd year
students.
 Standarddeviation

2. Inferentialstatistics  Chi-squaretest 2. To find the association

between the level of
knowledge regarding CPR
among B.SC nursing 3rd year
students with their selected
socio demographic variables.

33
 CHAPTER-IV

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

34
 CHAPTER-IV

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Analysis and interpretation of data is the most important phase of their search
process, which involves the computation of the certain measures along with
searching for patterns of relationship that exists among the data groups.

The analysis and interpretation of data are based on the data collected from the
Adolescents through structured knowledge questionnaire

Objectives of the study:

1. To assess the level of knowledge regarding CPR among B.SC nursing 3 rd

year students.
2. To find the association between the level of knowledge regarding CPR
among B.SC nursing 3rd year students with their selected socio demographic
variables.

Organization and presentation of obtained data were entered in the master sheet
for tabulation and statistical processing and the results were computed using
descriptive and inferential statistics.

The analysis of data is organized and presented in the form of tables and
diagrams represented under the following sections:

Section-I: Socio demographic data

Section-II:Questionnaire to assess the knowledge

35
 SECTION-I(Socio demographic data)

Table 4.1

Frequency and percentage distribution of socio demographic variables oftheBSc

(N) 3rd year students. N=50

S.NO. SOCIO DEMOGRAPHIC FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

VARIABLES (F) (%)
1. Age
a) 19-20 Years 11 22%
b) 21-23 years 37 74%
c) 23years and above 02 04%
2. Gender
a) Male 25 50%
b) Female 25 50%
3. Religion
a) Hindu 34 68%
b) Christen 11 22%
c) Muslim 05 10%
d) Others 00 00%
4 Previous knowledge
a) Yes 31 62%
b) No 19 38%
5. Source of information
a) Mass media 10 20%
b) School and college 30 60%
c) Through technology and 05 10%
internet 05 10%
d) Books or journals

36
Table 4.1 shows the frequency and percentage distribution of socio
demographic data of BSc (N) 3rd year students.

It shows that majority (74%) of the samples are in the age group of 21-23 years
while 22% were 19-20 years, 4% were over 23.

Regarding the gender, (50%) were males and (50%) were females.

Regarding the religion, majority (68%) were Hindu, while (22%) were
Christians, and (10%) were Muslims, (0%) people belong to other religion.

Regarding Previous knowledge, majority (62%) were selected Yes while (38%)
were selected No.

Regarding sources of information, majority (60%) obtained information from

School and college, while (20%) obtained from Mass media, (10%) obtained
from Through technology and internet, (10%) obtained from Books and
journals.

37
80.00% 74%

70.00%

60.00%

50.00%

40.00%

30.00% 22.00%

20.00%

10.00% 4%

0.00%

AGE

19-20 Years 21-23 Years 23 years and above Series4

Fig. 4.1 (a) Percentage distribution of B.Sc. nursing3rdyear students according to their age

38
 50.00%

50%

50%

45%

40%

35%

30%

25%

20%

15%

10%

5%

0%
GENDER

MALE FEMALE Series3

Fig. 4.1 (b) Percentage distribution of B.Sc. nursing 3rdyear students according to their Gender.

39
40
 68%
70%

60%

50%

40%

30%
22%

20%
10%

10%
0%

0%
RELIGION

HINDU CHRISTEN MUSLIM OTHERS

Fig. 4.1 (c) Percentage distribution of B.Sc. nursing 3rd year students according to their Religion

41
 62.00%

65.00%

55.00%
38.00%
45.00%

35.00%

25.00%

15.00%

5.00%

Fig. 4.1 (d) Percentage distribution of B.Sc. nursing 3rd year students according to Previous knowledge

42
 60%

55.00%

45.00%

35.00%

25.00% 20.00%

15.00% 10.00% 10.00%

5.00%

Fig. 4.1 (e) Percentage distribution of B.Sc. 3rd year nursing students according to sources of information
43
 SECTION-II

Distribution of level of knowledge

TABLE 4.2

Frequency and percentage distribution of the knowledge regarding CPR among

B.Sc. nursing 3rd year students

N=50

LEVEL OF FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

KNOWLEDGE (F) (%)

INADEQUATE 27 54%
KONWLEDGE
(0-15)
MODERATE 23 46%
KNOWLEDGE
(16-22)
ADEQUATE 0 0%
KNOWLEDGE
(23-30)

Table 4.2 reveals that majority of the B.Sc. nursing 3 rd year students
hadinadequate(54%) of knowledge while (46%)hadmoderateknowledge and
none had adequate knowledge on CPR.

44
 KNOWLEDGE OF CPR

54.00%

46.00%

MODERATE INADEQUATE ADEQUATE

Fig.4.2 Percentage distribution of Knowledge of CP

TABLE 4.3

45
 Mean, standard deviation of the knowledge on CPR in B.Sc. nursing 3rdyear
students

N=50

ITEM MEAN STANDARD

DEVIATION
Knowledge 13.78 3.74

Table 4.4 shows that the mean of the Knowledge on CPR has13.78 with a
standard deviation 3.74

SECTION-III

46
 Association between the knowledge on CPR with their selected socio
demographic variables of B.Sc. nursing 3rdyear students

TABLE 4.4

Chi-square association between the knowledge on CPRwith their selected socio

demographic variables of B.Sc. nursing 3rdyear students

N=50

Sl. SOCIO Sa Moderate Inadequate Chi-

No DEMOGRAPHIC mpl F % F % square
VARIABLES e (ꭓ2)
P=0.05
1. Age
a) 19-21 years 11 03 06 08 16 ꭓ2=3.38
b) 22-24 years 37 20 40 17 34 Df=2
c) 25 years and above 02 00 00 02 04 NS
2 Gender ꭓ2=0.72
a) Male 25 10 20 15 30 Df=1
b) Female 25 13 26 12 24 NS
2. Religion
a) Hindu 34 17 34 17 34 ꭓ2=12.1
b) Christian 11 01 02 10 20 Df=2
c) Muslim 05 05 10 00 00 S
d) Others 00 00 00 00 00
4. Previous knowledge
a) Yes 31 22 44 09 18 ꭓ2=20.4
b) No 19 01 02 18 36 Df=1
S
5. Sources of information

47
 a) Mass media 10 04 08 06 12 ꭓ2=5.95
b) School and college 30 15 30 15 30 Df=3
c) Though technology 05 01 02 04 08 NS
and internet
d) Books and journals 05 03 06 02 04

Table 4.4 shows the chi-square association between the knowledge on CPR in
BSc (N) 3rd year students with their selected socio demographic variables.

From among the variables,Religion and previous knowledge was found

significant (ꭓ2=12.1)(ꭓ2=20.4), while other variablesused was found to be non-
significant at 0.05 level of significance.

48
CHAPTER-V

DISCUSSION

CHAPTER-V

DISCUSSION

49
This chapter presents the major findings of the study and discusses them in
relation to the similar studies conducted by other researchers.

The aim of the present study was to assess the knowledge regarding CPR
in B.Sc. nursing 3rdyear students at selected college, Guntur, AP.

Objectives of the study:

1. To assess the level of knowledge regarding CPR among B.SC nursing 3rd year
students.
2. To find the association between the level of knowledge regarding CPR
among B.SC nursing 3rd year students with their selected socio demographic
variables.

CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES

 It shows that majority (74%) of the samples are in the age group of 21-23
years while 22% were 19-20 years, 4% were over 23.
 Regarding the gender, (50%) were males and (50%) were females.
 Regarding the religion, majority (68%) were Hindu, while (22%) were
Christians, and (10%) were Muslims, (0%) people belong to other
religion.
 Regarding Previous knowledge, majority (62%) were selected Yes while
(38%) were selected No.
 Regarding sources of information, majority (60%) obtained information
from School and college, while (20%) obtained from Mass media, (10%)
obtained from Through technology and internet, (10%) obtained from
Books and journals.

ORGANIZATION OF THE FINDINGS

50
The findings of the study are organized according to the objectives of the study.

OBJECTIVE-1: To assess the level of knowledge regarding CPR among

B.SC nursing 3rd year students.

In the present study, majority of the B.Sc. nursing 3 rd year students

hadinadequate(54%) of knowledge while (46%) hadmoderateknowledge and
none had adequate knowledge on CPR.

This finding is supported by a study conducted by G. bhuvaneshwari in

which 87% are having inadequate knowledge and 11% having moderate
knowledge.

OBJECTIVE- 2: To find the association between the level of knowledge

regarding CPR among B.SC nursing 3rd year students with their selected
socio demographic variables.

With regard to the knowledge on CPR among B.Sc. nursing 3 rd year

students with their selected socio demographic variables, From among the
variables,Religionand previous knowledge was found significant (ꭓ2=12.1)
(ꭓ2=20.4),while other variablesused was found to be non-significant at 0.05
level of significance.

This finding is supported by a study conducted by Sumitra Ropini K. in

which previous trainee are more willing to perform Hands-only CPR.

Hence, H1 was accepted.

Hypothesis

H1:There will be a significant association between the level of knowledge

51
regarding CPR among B.SC nursing 3 rd year students with their selected socio
demographic variables.
The present study was aimed at assessing the knowledge regarding CPR
among b.sc nursing 3rd year students at selected college, Guntur, A.P.

A descriptive research design was used

A sample of 50 B.Sc. nursing 3 rd year students were selected using non-

probability sampling technique.

The reliability of the tool was obtained by test-retest method with r=0.84.

Pilot study was conducted on 5 samples at SIMS Institute of nursing,

Guntur, A.P

The main study was carried out on 50 BSc (N) 3 rd year students of SIMS
College of nursing, Mangaldas Nagar, Guntur, A.P. Assessment scales were
used to gather the data from the B.Sc. nursing students.

Assumptions

The present study assumes that:

 1. The 3rd year B.Sc. Nursing students may willingly participate in the study
and respond honestly to the questionnaire.
 2. The 3rd year B.Sc. Nursing students may not be have adequate knowledge
regarding CPR.

52
 SUMMARY , IMPLICATIONS , RECOMMENDATIONS ,
LIMITATIONS , CONCLUSION

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, commonly known as CPR, is a life-saving

emergency procedure that aims to maintain blood flow and oxygenation to the
brain and other vital organs when a person's heart and breathing have stopped.
CPR plays a crucial role in increasing the chances of survival for individuals
experiencing sudden cardiac arrest, drowning incidents, or other life-threatening
emergencies.
The roots of CPR can be traced back to ancient times when various
cultures attempted to revive unconscious individuals through a range of
techniques. However, it was not until the 18th century that modern CPR began
to take shape. In the 1740s, the Paris academy of sciences recommended mouth-
to-mouth resuscitation as a method to revive drowning victims, while in the
19th century, chest compressions were introduced to enhance the effectiveness
of the technique. The combination of these two methods forms the foundation
of contemporary CPR.
Objectives of the study:

To assess the level of knowledge regarding CPR among B.SC nursing 3 rd year
students.
2. To find the association between the level of knowledge regarding CPR
among B.SC nursing 3rd year students with their selected socio demographic
variables.
The present study was conducted to assess the knowledge regarding CPR
among b.sc nursing 3rd year students at selected college, Guntur, AP.

Major findings of the study:

53
 It shows that majority (74%) of the samples are in the age group of 21-23
years while 22% were 19-20 years, 4% were over 23.
 Regarding the gender, (50%) were males and (50%) were females.
 Regarding the religion, majority (68%) were Hindu, while (22%) were
Christians, and (10%) were Muslims, (0%) people belong to other religion.
 Regarding Previous knowledge, majority (62%) were selected Yes while
(38%) were selected No.
 Regarding sources of information, majority (60%) obtained information
from School and college, while (20%) obtained from Mass media, (10%)
obtained from Through technology and internet, (10%) obtained from Books
and journals.
 In the present study, majority of the B.Sc. nursing 3 rd year students
hadinadequate (54%) of knowledge while (46%) had moderate knowledge
and none had adequate knowledge on CPR.
 With regard to the knowledge on CPR among B.Sc. nursing 3 rd year students
with their selected socio demographic variables, From among the
variables,Religion and previous knowledge was found significant (ꭓ2=12.1)
(ꭓ2=20.4), while other variablesused was found to be non-significant at 0.05
level of significance.

Hence, H1 was accepted.

NURSING IMPLICATIONS

From the present study, the researchers found that majority of the B.Sc.
nursing 3rd year students hadinadequateknowledge on CPR.Therefore, the study
had implications for nursing education, nursing practice, nursing administration
and nursing research.

Nursing Education

54
Nursing education plays a prominent role in enhancing the knowledge and
competence of a nurse both in theoretical and practical aspect.

 Nurse Educator needs to emphasize more importance on the knowledge of

CPR.
 Nurse Educator must give prominence to educating parents and teachers
about the CPR.
 Nurse educators must initiate and conduct health education programs on
CPR administration.

Nursing Practice

The main focus of nursing practice is to improve the quality of life of an

individual

 Periodic health education programs must be conducted for teachers and

parents regarding CPR.
 Educate and help the parents and teachers about the ways of controllingthe
risk factors ofCPR

Nursing Administration

Nursing administration is a management sector in the health care settings.

 A nurse administrator must take initiative in organizing healtheducation

programmes on knowledge regarding CPR and CPR administration.
 Nurse administration should support the nurse administrator inconducting
health education programmes.
 Adequate and appropriate teaching aids must be prepared and madeavailable.
 Nurse administrator can also organize health programmes on need ofCPR
administrationknowledgein the schools, colleges and community setting.

55
Nursing Research

Nursing research is the testing of knowledge that can be used to guide nursing
practice.Research is necessary to examine the knowledge of CPR among B.Sc.
nursing 3rd year students.

 Nurse researcher must take interest in assessing the contributing factors of

CPR.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on the findings of the present study, the following recommendations have
been made:

 A similar study can be done on a large sample to generalize thefindings.

 A quasi-experimental study can be done.
 A similar study can be carried out to evaluate the effectiveness ofvarious
teaching strategies like structured teaching programme, self-instructional
module, information booklet, computer-assistedinstruction, on knowledge
regarding CPR among b.scnursing 3rd yearstudents.
 A comparative study can be done between adolescents who have the
knowledge of CPR and who don’t have.

LIMITATIONS

 The researchers found difficulty in gathering the sample.

CONCLUSION
“A descriptive study to assess the knowledge regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation among
bsc nursing 3rd year students at selected college, Guntur, Andhrapradesh” . A descriptive
design was included in this study in assessing pretest level of knowledge was It shows that
majority (74%) of the samples are in the age group of 21-23 years while 22% were 19-20
years, 4% were over 23.

 Regarding the gender, (50%) were males and (50%) were females.

56
 Regarding the religion, majority (68%) were Hindu, while (22%) were Christians, and
(10%) were Muslims, (0%) people belong to other religion.

 Regarding Previous knowledge, majority (62%) were selected Yes while

(38%) were selected No.
 Regarding sources of information, majority (60%) obtained information
from School and college, while (20%) obtained from Mass media, (10%)
obtained from Through technology and internet, (10%) obtained from
Books and journals

57
BIBLIOGRAPHY

58
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Alaa O Oteir , Khader A Almhdawi , Saddam F Kanaan,Mahmoud T

Alwidyan,Brett Williams.Cardiopulmonary resuscitation level of
knowledge among allied health university students in Jordan: Bmjopen.
2019: vol 9 (issue 11).
2. Abdullah Hussain Alzahrani, Maumounah F. Alnajjar, Hussien M.
Alshamarni, Hasan M. Alshamrani, and Abdullah A. Bakhsh.Prevalence
and Outcomes of Sudden Cardiac Arrest in a University Hospital in the
Western Region, Saudi Arabia:Saudi J Med Med Sci. 2019 Sep-Dec;
7(3): 156–162.
3. Alaa O Oteir, Khader A Almhdawi,Saddam F Kanaan,Mahmoud T
Alwidyan,Brett Williams. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation level of
knowledge among allied health university students in Jordan: Bmjopen.
2019: 9 ( 11);
4. Sophia Emmons-Bell,Catherine Johnson,Gregory Roth. Prevalence,
incidence and survival of heart failure. Heartjnl. 2022 : 108,(17);
5. Sumitra Ropini Karuthan, Putri Jasmine Filza binti Firdaus, Aloha Dee-
Afryna George Angampun, Xuan Jia Chai, Chris Dom Sagan, Monishak
Ramachandran, et all Knowledge of and willingness to perform Hands-
Only cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Medicine®.2019: 98 (51)
6. Ebrahim Ezzati , Saeed Mohammadi , Hassanali Karimpour , Javad
Amini Saman , Afshin Goodarzi , Amir Jalali , Afshin Almasi , Kamran
Vafaei , Rasool Kawyannejad .Assessing the effect of arrival time of
physician and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) team on the outcome
of CPR Interv Med Appl Sci. 2020 Sep 16;11(3):139-145

59
7. Alexei Birkun,Adhish Gautam, and Fatima Trunkwala. Global prevalence
of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training among the general public: a
scoping review.Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2021 Dec; 8(4): 255–267
8. Fadi Jandali Qara,corresponding author Loui K. Alsulimani, Maged M.
Fakeeh, and Diyaa H. Bokhary et all .Knowledge of Nonmedical
Individuals about Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Case of Cardiac
Arrest.Emerg Med Int.Volume 2019, Article ID 3686202, 11
9. Mustafa Alhaj Zeen, Joud Aburisheh, Saleh S Alshehri , Shouq A
Alshehri, Fatema S Smaisem , Huda Hijazi , Mohammed M Alamri ,
Asmaa Hegazy .Outcomes of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and
Predictors of Its Outcomes in the Emergency Department in King Saud
Medical City, Saudi Arabia. Cureus. 2023 May 20;15(5)
10.Nombulelo E. Zenani,Bashir Bello,Matsipane Molekodi, Ushotanefe
Useh. Effectiveness of school-based CPR training among adolescents to
enhance knowledge and skills in CPR: A systematic review.Curationis.
2022; 45(1)
11.Mathew B. Allen Ariel R. Orkaby, Samule justice. Frailty and outcome
following cardiopulmonary rescituation for perioperative cardiac
arrest:JAMA Netw Open.2023:6(7);2
12.Jang-sik ko, Seon- Rye kim, Byung-juncho.A study to assess cardio
pulmonary resustitation:MDPI.2023:11(14)10.3390
13.Afstin goodarzi, Facezeh ghesmati, Ali Rcza Adbi. The outcomes of in
hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation, A cross sectional study.
JCRP.2022.11(1)
14.G. Bhuuaneswari, J. Manimegalai. S. Jaclmanoj. A study to assess the
level of knowledge regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation among
general population inchennai. IIRR.2020.7(12)
15.https://cpr.heart.org/en/resources/what-is-cpr
16.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiopulmonary_resuscitation

60
61
ANNEXURES

i
ANNEXURE-I

ii
ANNEXURE-II

iii
ANNEXURE-III

iv
ANNEXURE-IV

v
vi
ANNEXURE-V
vii
 CONSENT FORM

Dear participant,

We would like to get some information regarding the knowledge regarding

cardiopulmonary resuscitation in B.Sc. nursing 3 rd year students in selected
college, Guntur, AP. The information will be used only for the partial fulfilment
of the B.Sc. (N) programme and the information will be kept confidential. This
is for your information and kind participation.

Signature of the investigator

I, Ms/Mr ------------------------------------------------------------- hereby consent to

participate and undergo the study.

ANNEXURE-VI

viii
 Tool for data collection
Structured questionnaire to assess the knowledge on Cardio Pulmonary
Resuscitation
Section – A
Socio-demographic data
Instructions:
1: please provide information about yourself.
2: please answer all the questions.
3: you are free to use a pen or pencil.
4: please put a tick mark (✓) in the space provided.
1) Age
a) 19-20 years ( )
b) 21-23 years ( )
c) 23 and above ( )
2) Gender
a) Male ( )
b) Female ( )
3) Religion
a) Hindu ( )
b) Christian ( )
c) Muslim ( )
d) Others ( )
4) Previous knowledge
a) Yes ( )
b) No ( )
5) Source of information
a) Mass media ( )
b) School and college ( )
c) Through technology and internet ( )
d) Books or journals ( )

Section – B
Instructions: Kindly place a tick (✓) mark in the place provided
ix
1) What does CPR stands for?
a) Cardio pulmonary Rescue ( )
b) Cardio plural resuscitation ( )
c) Core pulmonary resuscitation ( )
d) Cardio pulmonary resuscitation ( )
2) Who is known as father of CPR?
a) Peter safar ( )
b) William kouwenhoven ( )
c) William jhon ( )
d) Dr. friedrich ( )
3) Who can perform CPR?
a) Any certified personnel ( )
b) Doctor only ( )
c) Adults only ( )
d) Emergency medical personnel only ( )
4) How to check response of victim before CPR?
a) Calling by names only ( )
b) Shaking heads only ( )
c) Shaking and shouting ( )
d) Beating with stick ( )
5) When to give CPR to victim after cardiac arrest?
a) Within 5 min ( )
b) Within 8 min ( )
c) Within 11 min ( )
d) Within 14 min ( )
6) What is the duration of CPR?
a) Until heart stop breathing ( )
b) Until respiration stops ( )
c) Until patient becomes unconscious ( )
d) Until declaration of patient death or patient recover ( )
7) What is the purpose of CPR?

a) Help the victim warm ( )

b) Prevent the victim from going into shock ( )
c) Provide O2 and blood circulation to the victim ( )
d) Keep the victim awake ( )
8) What is the main CPR indication?

x
 a) Respiratory and cardiac arrest ( )
b) Chest pain and abdominal pain ( )
c) Difficulty in breathing and dyspnea ( )
d) Whooping cough and back pain ( )
9) What are the contraindications of CPR?

a) Medications ( )
b) Do not resuscitate ( )
c) Surgery ( )
d) Therapy ( )
10) Which is the suitable place to perform CPR?

a) On bed ( )
b) In chair ( )
c) On floor ( )
d) On smooth area ( )
11) What is the position of the patient to perform CPR?

a) Lateral ( )
b) Supine ( )
c) Prone ( )
d) Dorsal ( )
12) Where is the chest compression land mark on an adult?

a) Two fingers width below the nipple line ( )

b) One fingers width below the nipple line ( )
c) One hand above where the ribs meet ( )
d) 4 inch below the sternum ( )
13) How will you place your hand and fingers while performing CPR on adult?

a) Place one hand on the top of other hand and interlock fingers ( )
b) Place palm facing towards and interlock fingers ( )
c) Place hand side by side and interlock fingers ( )

xi
 d) Place one hand on the top of other hand and keep fingers straight( )
14) What are techniques of CPR?

a) Cardio Pulmonary resuscitation and universal standard technique( )

b) Universal standard technique and pushing technique ( )
c) Beating on the chest and mouth to mouth breathing ( )
d) Pressure technique and traction technique ( )
15) What is the normal position of the rescuer elbow and shoulder during CPR?

a) Keep elbow straight and shoulders directly above your hand ( )

b) Keep elbow flexed and shoulder directly above your hand ( )
c) As comfortable way for rescuer ( )
d) Keep elbow straight and shoulders behind the hands ( )
16) Why should you use globs and mouth barrier device when delivering CPR?

a) To prevent additional injury to the victim ( )

b) To minimize fatigue ( )
c) To eliminate order from bad breath, vomiting and blood ( )
d) To prevent the rescuer from contracting a disease ( )
17) What technique is used to clear the air of the victim?

a) Push chin down, tilt head forward ( )

b) Lift chin up, turn head back ( )
c) Chin lift up, turn head sideways ( )
d) Push chin up, turn head down ( )
18) What is the depth of CPR compression should be?

a) 1/3-1/2 of the chest ( )

b) 1/4-1/3 of the chest ( )
c) 2/3-1/2 of the chest ( )
d) 2/3-2/4 of the chest ( )
19) How many compression must be delivered within 1min in adult CPR?

a) 100 compression ( )
xii
 b) 90 compression ( )
c) 80 compression ( )
d) 70 compression ( )
20) What is the ratio of compression of ventilation for adult CPR?

a) 30:2 ( )
b) 24:2 ( )
c) 20:2 ( )
d) 40:2 ( )
21) How can you identify the response of the adult patient after CPR through?

a) Shaking and shouting if the victim is a child ( )

b) Patting feet and chest if the victim is an infant ( )
c) Shaking and shouting if the victim is an adult ( )
d) Patting feet and chest if the victim is an adult ( )
22) How many sec are required for the completion of one CPR cycle?

a) 26 sec ( )
b) 30 sec ( )
c) 34 sec ( )
d) 38 sec ( )
23) What is the duration for delivery a regular breath?

a) 2 sec ( )
b) 1 sec ( )
c) 0.5 sec ( )
d) 3 sec ( )
24) What are the emergency drugs used in critical condition?

a) Adrenaline and nor-adrenaline ( )

b) Diclofenac sodium ( )
c) Perinorm ( )
d) Pantoprazole ( )

xiii
25) What is the recommended position for CPR victim after recovery?

a) Supine ( )
b) Prone ( )
c) Dorsal ( )
d) Modified lateral position ( )
26) What are the complications of CPR procedure?

a) Rib fracture ( )
b) Damage to lungs ( )
c) Damage to liver ( )
d) Damage to brain ( )
27) What you should do if you are not comfortable with your abilities to perform
CPR?

a) Overcome discomfort and perform CPR steps anyway ( )

b) Do not do anything ( )
c) Call 911 and perform external chest compression ( )
d) Send the victim to nearest hospital ( )
28) What is the main responsibility of student nurse in CPR?

a) Prevent heart disease ( )

b) Avoiding tobacco use ( )
c) Early CPR ( )
d) Early recognition ( )
29) How will you perform CPR to infants as a nurse?

a) With the help of one hand ( )

b) With the help of one and the other on the top of the first ( )
c) With the fingertips of both hands ( )
d) With two fingers of one hand ( )
30) Which device mainly used in CPR procedure?

a) Ventilator ( )
xiv
 b) Defibrillator ( )
c) Sphygmomanometer ( )
Thermometer

Scoring key for structured questions

Q. Answer Score Details of the correct response
N.
xv
 1 D 1 Cardio pulmonary resuscitation
2 A 1 Peter Safar
3 A 1 Any certified personal
4 C 1 Shaking head only
5 A 1 Within 5 min
6 D 1 Until declaration of patient death or patient recovery
7 C 1 Provide O2 and blood circulation to the victim
8 A 1 Respiratory and cardiac arrest
9 B 1 Do not resuscitate
10 D 1 On smooth area
11 B 1 Supine
12 B 1 One finger width below the nipple line
13 A 1 Place one hand on the top of other hand and interlock
fingers
14 A 1 Cardio pulmonary resuscitation and universal standard
technique
15 A 1 Keep elbow straight and shoulders directly above your
hand
16 A 1 2To prevent additional injury to the victim
17 B 1 Lift chin up, turn head back
18 D 1 2/3-2/4 of the chest
19 A 1 100 compression
20 A 1 30:2
21 C 1 Shaking and shouting if the victim is an adult
22 B 1 30 sec
23 B 1 1 sec
24 A 1 Adrenaline and nor-adrenaline
25 A 1 Supine
26 A 1 Rib fracture
27 C 1 Call 199 and perform external chest compression
28 D 1 Early recognition
29 C 1 With the fingertips of both hands
30 C 1 Defibrillator

xvi
 ANNEXURE-VII
MASTER SHEETS
Socio-demographic data of BSc Nursing 3rd year students
N=50
AGE GENDER RELIGION PREVIOUS SOURCE OF
KNOWLEDGE INFORMATION
A B C A B A B C D A B A B C D
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
2 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
3 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
4 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
5 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
6 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
7 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
8 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
9 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
10 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
11 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
12 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
13 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
14 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
15 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
16 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0

xvii
17 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
18 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
19 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
20 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
21 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
22 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
23 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
24 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
25 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
26 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
27 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
28 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
29 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
30 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
31 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
32 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0
33 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
34 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
35 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
36 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
37 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
38 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
39 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
40 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
41 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
42 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1

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44 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
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46 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
47 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
48 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
49 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
50 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
F 11 37 02 25 25 34 11 05 00 31 19 10 30 05 05
% 22 74 04 50 50 68 22 10 00 62 38 20 60 10 10

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 Knowledge of BSc Nursing 3rd year students

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SL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 T
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1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 19
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 ANNEXURE-VIII

Photos during data collection

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