Andrew Abrahamson Ph.D - www.omelhoringles.

com

IMPORTANTE!
Este curso deve ser acompanhado das
aulas gratuitas em video e áudio. Basta
assistir as video aulas e acompanhar
esta apostila. Para isso, por favor acesse:

www.omelhoringles.com
 Andrew Abrahamson Ph.D - www.omelhoringles.com

LESSON ONE
Lembre-se de acessar nosso site para assistir as aulas em video e
acompanhar esta apostila: www.omelhoringles.com

PRONOUNS
I – eu MY - meu, minha
YOU – você YOUR – seu , sua (você)
OBJECTS

BEER BROTHER

WATER SISTER

MILK FATHER

JUICE MOTHER

COFFEE FAMILY

WINE ENGLISH - inglês

FISH PORTUGUESE - português

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MEAT BRAZILIAN - brasileiro

 Andrew Abrahamson Ph.D - www.omelhoringles.com

VERBS

to EAT / ATE
I eat fish . I eat meat. You eat my fish.

to DRINK / DRANK
I drink beer. You drink juice.

to SPEAK / SPOKE
I speak English . You speak Portuguese.

to NEED / NEEDED precisar

I need milk. I need water. I need my family.
 Andrew Abrahamson Ph.D - www.omelhoringles.com

QUALIFIERS
WITH – com I speak WITH my mother.
I speak WITH you.
I speak WITH my family.

AND – e I eat fish AND meat.

I drink wine AND beer.
I need water AND milk.

Qualificadores de When

NOW – agora I need my wine NOW.

I need to eat NOW.
NOW I need my mother.
TODAY - hoje I need to speak English TODAY.
I need to eat fish TODAY.

EXPRESSIONS
“THANK YOU” – obrigado
“ PLEASE” - por favor
“WHAT`S YOUR NAME?” – Qual é seu nome?
“GOOD MORNING” – bom dia
“GOOD AFTERNOON” – boa tarde
“GOOD EVENING” – boa noite
“GOOD NIGHT” – boa noite
GRAMMAR
I need – preciso I need to speak – preciso falar
I speak – falo I need to eat – preciso comer
I eat - como I need to drink – preciso beber
NO INGLÊS SEMPRE USAMOS A PARTÍCULA “TO”
USAR DO ATOR ENTRE DOIS VERBOS
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FRAMES

O aluno não precisa aprender listas completas das formas do idioma mas
sim a estrutura dentro do qual estas formas encaixam. A habilidade de fazer
substituições corretas é muito importante. Estas estruturas são chamadas de
“FRAMES” ou “quadros”. Para adquirir facilidade automática numa língua é preciso
exercitar utilizando estes FRAMES.

1. I DRINK beer. 2. I SPEAK English and Portuguese.

I water. I Portuguese with João.
I milk. I English with you.
I juice. I with my mother and father.

3. I drink beer WITH you. 4. You NEED to speak English.

I drink water you. You to eat meat
I drink milk my sister. You to drink milk and juice.
I drink juice my family. You to speak with your sister.

5. I need juice AND water. 6. I EAT fish with Jane.

I need fish meat. I meat with my family.
I need coffee milk. I fish and
meat.I need you your sister. I meat
today.

7. I need to speak English TODAY. 8. I need my wine

NOW.I need to eat fish . I need my meat .
I need my mother . I need you .
I need meat and beer . I need to speak .

9. I eat meat with my family.

I drink wine and juice with my
father.I need to speak English
with you.
I need to drink beer with my brother.
 Andrew Abrahamson Ph.D - www.omelhoringles.com

L E S S O N TW O

OBJECTS

CUP GIRL

GLASS BOY

TEA SON

HAM presunto DAUGHTER

CHEESE

CHILDREN

BREAD GERMAN
 Andrew Abrahamson Ph.D - www.omelhoringles.com

VERBS

*TO WANT / WANTED - querer

I want ham. I want coffee. I want to eat.

TO PLAY / PLAYED - brincar – I want to play. I play with Bill.

tocar - I play piano. I play saxophone.

jogar - I play tennis. I play basketball.

TO WORK / WORKED - trabalhar

I work today. I work with you. I need to work.

TO SEE / SAW - ver

I see your son. You see my brother.

QUALIFIERS
TOMORROW – amanhã
A – um, uma, (a boy, a family, a cup)
BUT - mas

EXPRESSIONS HELLO - olá IN THE MORNING – de manhã

HI – oi IN THE AFTERNOON – ã tarde
GOOD BYE - tchau IN THE EVENING – à noite
“NICE TO MEET YOU” – “muito prazer em conhecê-lo”
EXCUSE ME - “com licença”
 Andrew Abrahamson Ph.D - www.omelhoringles.com

GRAMMAR Para formar o negativo no inglês, temos que usar o verbo

auxiliar “DO” e juntá-lo com a palavra negativa “NOT”e então “DO” +
“NOT” = “DON‟T”.
I don‟t want - não quero
I don‟t work - não trabalho
I don‟t see - não vejo

NÃO ESCREVER.
REPETIR CADA “FRAME”PELO
MENOS 2 VEZES E SEMPRE
REVISAR “FRAMES”DE CADA
LIÇÃO

-FRAMES–

1. I SEE a cup. 2. I see a CUP OF COFFEE.

I a glass. I want a .
I a boy. I need a .
I my sister. I drink a .

3. I WANT to eat. 4. I WANT to EAT bread.

I to speak. I to cheese.
I to drink. I to ham.
I to work. I to fish.

5. You NEED to eat fish. 6. I WORK with you.

You to drink milk. I tomorrow.
You to speak English. I in the morning.
You to work tomorrow. I and play.

7. I DON‟T WANT to work now. 8. I work WITH my brother.

I to drink beer. I play my daughter.
I to see your sister. I speak my children.
I to eat bread. I drink my brother.
 Andrew Abrahamson Ph.D - www.omelhoringles.com

9. I see a boy AND a girl. 10. You eat with YOUR father.
I see a mother a father You drink with mother.
I see cheese ham with bread. You speak with children.
I see wine beer. You work with brother.

11. I need to play with MY daughter. 12. I eat IN THE MORNING.

I need to work with daughter. I don‟t play .
I need to speak with daughter. I want to work .
I need to see daughter. I speak German .

13. You want to work IN THE AFTERNOON. You

want to play .
You want to drink beer .
You want to speak .

14. I eat and drink IN THE EVENING.

I work and play .
I see my family .
I need milk .

15. I need to work today.

I want to play tomorrow.I
want to eat now.
I want to work in the morning.
 Andrew Abrahamson Ph.D - www.omelhoringles.com

LESSON THREE

PRONOUNS
HE - ele HIS – d‟ele
SHE - ela HER - d „ela
IT - neutro ITS – d‟ele, d‟ela [coisas neut]
He wants to work. She needs to see. It needs to eat.

OBJECTS

FRIEND SCHOOL

MANAGER MOVIES

TEACHER CHURCH

BUG STORE
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VERBS

TO SLEEP / SLEPT -
I sleep in the evening. I sleep with my son.

*TO LIKE / LIKED - gostar de

You don‟t like to work. I like to eat cheese.

TO GO / WENT - ir
I go with you. I go tomorrow. She goes now.

TO STUDY / STUDIED
I study English. I study German with you.

QUALIFIERS
OR – ou NOR – nem
ONLY – só, somente THE – o,a,os,as [art. Def.]
TO - para [destino] FOR - para
AT - em
TO THE – à , ao [para+a, para+o]
AT THE - no, na [em+a, em+o]

Qualificadores de Where são

verdes
 Andrew Abrahamson Ph.D - www.omelhoringles.com

EXPRESSIONS
WITH ME – comigo BY MYSELF – sozinho [eu]
“SORRY” desculpe BY YOURSELF –sozinho[você]
MORE OR LESS – mais ou menos
“MY NAME IS ”. – “Meu nome é .”

GRAMMAR – Para formar o interrogativo, mais uma vez usamos o verbo auxiliar
“DO” e posicionamos ele na frente do pronome.
Do you want?
Do you study?
Do I like fish?
Does he work?
* Does she need my car?

* A forma do verbo na 3 pessoa do

singular não tem a ver com o plural *

Para formar o plural, acrescentamos o som de “s” ou “z” no final do objeto.

The boy - o menino My friend – meu amigo
The boys - os meninos My friends – meus amigos
 Andrew Abrahamson Ph.D - www.omelhoringles.com

-FRAMES–

1. I LIKE my teacher. 2. I SLEEP in the evening.

I my friend. I by myself.
I my family. I need to .
I my manager. I want to now.

3. Do you study?
Do you English?
Do you Portuguese?
Do you like to ?

Pergunta Resposta

4. Do you study OR work? 5. I don‟t study NOR work

Do you want need? I don‟t want need.
Do you eat drink? I don‟t eat drink.
Do you play study? I don‟t play study.

6. I like HER family. 7. I want to see HIS sister.

I like store. I want to work at store.
I like manager. I want to speak with son.
I like coffee. I want to drink with glass.
 Andrew Abrahamson Ph.D - www.omelhoringles.com

8. I study AT THE school. 9. Do you want to go TO THE church?

I work store. Do you need to go store?
I drink bar. Do you like to go movies?
I eat restaurant. Do you need to go school?

10. I want to go TO THE movies. 11. DO you want the juice?

I want to go school. you want the cup?
I like to go church. you want the bread?
I need to go store. you want the cheese?

12. DO YOU LIKE to work? 13. I ONLY work in the morning.

to sleep? I study with my sister.
to play? I like to eat.
to study? I work today.

14. He NEEDS a manager. 15. She WANTS a son and a daughter.

He a friend. She a glass and a cup.
He a teacher. She fish and meat.
He a father. She only tea.

16. It LIKES to eat.

It to sleep.
It to play.
It to go with me.

PRACTICE PHRASES

1. I like to drink wine with my friends. Do you like to drink wine?

 Andrew Abrahamson Ph.D - www.omelhoringles.com

2. Sorry, but I like to drink beer. Only my father wants wine.

3. I need to work tomorrow, and I want to sleep now. Good night!

4. Do you want to go to the store in the evening? I work at the store!

5. I need to speak with my father today. Do you want to go with me?

6. I don‟t want to go to the store by myself. I want to go with you.

7. Do you want to go to the church with my children tomorrow?

8. I don‟t need to speak German. I only speak English.

9. I like to eat bread and cheese. Do you like to drink tea?

10. I want to drink a glass of water. Thanks, I need to go.

11. I want to speak only English with my teacher and my family.

 Andrew Abrahamson Ph.D - www.omelhoringles.com

LESSON FOUR

Pessoas que imitam facilmente tem uma grande vantagem em aprender uma
língua estrangeira. Mesmo assim algumas pessoas boas em imitar, ficam intimidados
quando tentam reproduzir sons estrangeiros, e suas habilidades naturais são inúteis.
Aprender uma língua necessita imitação cosciente. Isto quer dizer anotar com
cuidado coisas como: as posições dos lábios; a qualidade dos sons; a velocidade da
fala; a entonação da voz; o rítimo das senteças, e até gestos característicos. Imitar tais
aspectos pode parecer bobagem no inicio, mas é muito mais bobagem não fazer isto,
mesmo fazendo vários erros. Em geral nós temos que massacrar a língua antes de
dominá-la, e este processo tem que iniciar imediatamente.
Imitação tem três aspectos: 1) observação constante e intensa
2) se “jogar”dentro da imitação
3) treinamento contínuo
Se “jogar” dentro do “modo” da língua é muito importante. No início, adotar
conscientemente, hábitos completamente diferentes de falar pode parecer
terrivelmente embaraçoso, ou até doloroso. Não é uma coisa normal, e sentimos que
estamos ofendendo as pessoas pela maneira consciente que imitamos cada palavra e
gesto seu. Mas o que é esquisito para nós, não é para eles.
Treinamento contínuo é outra parte importante no processo de imitação. Após
pouco tempo esta imitação não parecerá mais estranho a nós. Na realidade ele se
sentirá muito natural, e inconscientemente adotamos novas “maneiras” de falar o
idioma estrangeiro.
 Andrew Abrahamson Ph.D - www.omelhoringles.com

SOUND STUDY

Um dos erros mais comuns em aprender uma língua é falhar em treinar ouvindo.
Só depois que aprendemos a sentar e escutar é que podemos ficar de pé e falar.
Nossa inabilidade de captar com os ouvidos a frase ou sentença complementar,
nos desanima. Ela vem com muita velocidade (numa média de três a cinco sílabas por
segundo). A única maneira de nos familiarizar com a forma acústica do idioma é de
escutar seletivamente um aspecto e depois um outro aspecto.

( 1 ) O TOM DA VOZ - Se o tom da voz levanta ou abaixa, ou fica nivelado é

uma das primeiras coisas que uma criança percebe sobre uma língua,mas é
geralmente a última coisa que um adulto percebe. Uma criança quase inevitavelmente
usa a intonação correta mesmo quando está tagarelando. No adulto esta falta de
intonção é que o trai como estrangeiro quando ele fala o idioma não próprio. Sendo isto
como for OUVIR SELETIVAMENTE para a intonação é exatamente onde todos devem
começar a escutar uma língua estrangeira.

( 2 ) SONS ESTRANHOS – Quando estamos ouvindo seletivamente para as

variações dos tons, certos sons estranhos, vogais ou consoantes, vão nos atrair. Então
a próxima coisa que devemos fazer é escutar seletivamente estes sons estranhos. Se
um som é freqüente, devemos concentrar n‟ele; apagando qualquer outra coisa da
mente e concentrando nas ocorrências dele. Quando alguém escuta com cuidado aos
sons estranhos, ele vai ver que está movendo sua língua, seu lábios e queixo, imitando
este som estranho. A nossa mente automaticamente faz com que os órgãos de falar se
movam na direção e tempo certo para reproduzir o som. Estas ligações entre ouvir e
falar são uma das razões pela importância de escutar.
 Andrew Abrahamson Ph.D - www.omelhoringles.com

LESSON FIVE

PRONOUNS
WE - nós OUR – nosso
YOU ALL– vocês (todos) YOUR – de vocês
THEY – eles, elas THEIR – deles, delas

We need to sleep. You all need to see. They like to study.

We don‟t want ham. You all work in the evening. They need to work.

OBJECTS

TIME SOCCER (football)

WEEK BREAKFAST

BOOK LUNCH

CAR DINNER(denr)

TREE DOWNTOWN
 Andrew Abrahamson Ph.D - www.omelhoringles.com

WEEKEND SPANISH

WIFE HOUSE(haus)

HUSBAND HOME (houm)

MONEY AT HOME

VERBS
TO BUY/ BOUGHT(bái)(bat) – comprar
I buy fish and meat. Do you buy ham at the store?
TO SELL/ SOLD – vender
I sell books. Do you sell cars?
TO UNDERSTAND/ UNDERSTOOD – entender
I understand Spanish. I don‟t understand you.
(has) TO HAVE/ HAD = got, got to “gotta” – ter, ter que
I have a brother. I have to work.
 Andrew Abrahamson Ph.D - www.omelhoringles.com

QUALIFIERS
Adjectivos são rosas

NEW – novo WHAT – o quê, quê

OLD – velho WHERE – onde
BIG – grande WHEN – quando
SMALL – pequeno THIS – this car, this book, this boy
SOME – algum, alguns THAT – that house, that store, that family

Qualificadores de Q ua ntia são a marelos

EX
PR HOW MUCH – quanto
ES HOW MANY – quantos
SI EVERYDAY – todos os dias
ON EVERY WEEK – toda semana
S ON THE WEEKEND – no fim de semana
BUCK(bâc) – “pau” (dinheiro)
to “HAVE BREAKFAST” – tomar café da manhã
to “HAVE LUNCH” – almoçar
to “HAVE DINNER” – jantar

“YOU‟RE WELCOME”- de nada

“SEE YOU LATER” (si ya leirar) – até mais tarde
“WHERE ARE YOU FROM?” – de onde você é?

GRAMMAR - MY – meu, minha (s) ITS – dele, dela (coisas, animais)

YOUR - seu, sua (s) OUR (âr) – nosso, nossa (s)
HIS- seu, sua (s) / dele YOUR – vosso, vossa (s) de vocês
HER – seu, sua (s) / dela THEIR – deles, delas

Qualidades em geral e o adjetivo,no inglês,sempre vem antes do substantivo.

BIG CAR – carro grande

OLD HOUSE – casa velha
SMALL GIRL – menina pequena
GOOD BOY - menino bom
 Andrew Abrahamson Ph.D - www.omelhoringles.com

REPETIR CADA” FRAME” PELO MENOS DUAS

VEZES.REVISAR SEMPRE

-FRAMES–

1. WE need to work. 2. YOU ALL see the store.

want to sleep. work today.
have a car. have a friend.
sell fish. speak English.

3. THEY want some ham. 4. We want OUR lunch.

want some bread. We like teacher.
need some fish. We see mother.
speak some German. We want money.

5. You all need YOUR books. 6. They like THEIR house.

You all need cups. They like mother.
You all need friends. They like sister.
You all need home. They like church.

7. I BUY fish. 8. We want to SELL our house.

I my books. We need to our car.
I lunch. We don‟ t animals.
I cars. We like to to you.

9. Do you UNDERSTAND English. 10. I HAVE a sister. (got)

I only Spanish. I a car. (got)
Does he you. I a wife. (got)
We don‟ t . I a new son. (got)
 Andrew Abrahamson Ph.D - www.omelhoringles.com

11. I HAVE to work. (got) 12. I have a NEW home.

I a car. (got) I have a car.
I to go. (got) I have a friend.
I to sleep. (got) I have a wife.

13. He likes OLD cars. 14. Do you like BIG stores?

He likes friends. Do you like cups?
He likes books. Do you like houses?
He likes homes. Do you like girls?
15. I want a SMALL tree. 16. I want SOME small trees.
I want a wife. I want small glasses.
I want a house. I want big cars.
I want a glass. I want big books.
17. WHAT do you buy? 18. WHERE do they work?
do you want? do they sleep?
do you need? do they play?
do you see? do they study?

19. WHEN do you have to work? 20. When do you have to sell THIS car?
does she have to study? When do you have to sell house?
do they have to sleep? When do you have to sell bread?
do I have to go? When do you have to sell cheese?

21. I want to buy THAT book. 22. When do we HAVE LUNCH?

I want to buy glass. When do we with Bob?
I want to buy house. When do you want to ?
I want to buy car. Do you by yourself ?

23. Where do you want to HAVE DINNER? 24. I like to HAVE BREAKFAST.
Where does he want to ? I need to .
Where do they want to ? I want to .
Where do we want to ? I only .
 Andrew Abrahamson Ph.D - www.omelhoringles.com

PRACTICE PHRASES

1. I want to speak with the manager. He doesn‟t work today.

2. Where do you want to go tomorrow ? I need to go to the school.

3. I need to speak with your husband today. He needs to go to Rio.

4. What do you want to eat now? I don‟t want to have lunch now.

5. Do you want to sell your car? I need to buy a new car.

6. When do you like to sleep? I don‟t like to sleep in the afternoon.

7. I need to buy some fish. I like to eat fish and drink wine.

8. Where do you need to go this weekend? I want to go to the beach.

9. Do you have time to go with me to the store to buy some ham?

10. Do you need to drink water? I want a cup of tea, please.

11. I study French in the afternoon, and English in the evening.

12. I like to play with my children at the beach. We go on the weekend.

13. I want to work at the store with my brother. Do you want to work?

14. Do you go to the school by yourself, or with your sister?

15. Do you like to eat meat in the morning? I only eat bread cheese.
 Andrew Abrahamson Ph.D - www.omelhoringles.com

L E S S O N SIX

Crianças não se preocupam com declinações, conjugações, e subjetivos. Elas

apenas escutam, repetem, e juntam palavras que tenham ouvidos [muitas vezes com
erros, mas estes são corrigidos com mais tempo ouvindo]. Escutar é a base deste
processo de aprendizagem e juntar as palavras em diferentes combinações é o
resultado natural da pessoa comunicar seus objetivos e observações. O passo inicial
neste processo é o que chamamos de OUVIR PASSIVAMENTE.

Sendo que, mesmo sem um esforço consciente as nossas mentes podem nos
ajudar bastante na aprendizagem de um idioma, devemos dar todas as oportunidades
para nossas mentes trabalhar em com eficiência máxima. Fazemos isto da seguinte
maneira:

1) Dar à mente bastante material para escutar como gravações de palestras, o

rádio, fitas e televisão.

2) Relaxar. Ansiedades até sobre aprender a língua dão um curto circuito na

mente.

3) Dar bastante tempo à mente. Muitas pessoas acham que devem estar
falando algo na língua estrangeira depois da primeira semana. É claro que poderão
usar algumas expressões mas para ter o beneficio total de “ouvir passivamente”, a
pessoa tem que deixar a mente fazer seu trabalho por alguns meses.

4) Deixa a mente trabalhar enquanto você faz outras coisas. É uma boa técnica
escutar uma gravação enquanto você faz a barba, come, lê o jornal, ou brinca com
seus filhos. Não é preciso sempre prestar atenção. Pode parecer ridículo, mas
considera que é desta maneira que as pessoas decoram até as mais complicadas
musicas sem prestar atenção. Lembra daquela música que tocou tantas vezes no rádio
que os vez enjoar?

Dominando sons estrangeiros

Precisamos entender que todo som em toda língua estrangeira é um som

estrangeiro e é diferente do português. Por isso precisamos ter certeza de que
estamos reproduzindo estes sons adequadamente. Uma das melhores maneiras
observar a produção dos sons é uma investigação cuidadosa da maneira que nós
tentamos reproduzir um som.
 Andrew Abrahamson Ph.D - www.omelhoringles.com

SOUND STUDY

Grupos Consonantais de “SONS ESTRANHOS”

Vamos ver o problema das combinações fonotáticas, ou seja, as seqüências e

grupos de fonemas do inglês que são estranhos ao português. Em posição inicial, o
português não tem os seguintes grupos consonantais do inglês:

strike through thwart

twine shrew feud
swine stay cute
splash spy mute
squat smile beauty
slim sky pure
spray snail view
quick scream dwell
 Andrew Abrahamson Ph.D - www.omelhoringles.com

***************************************************************************************************
Outro aspecto dos sons, que se resume em quatro pontos tão importantes que somam
50% de aprender um idioma:

1) CONTEXTO quando estamos numa conversação temos que saber o

assunto sobre o qual conversaremos ou estaremos
“por fora”.

2) RÍTMO temos que estar usando o ritmo correto do idioma

para poder captar e também transmitir as
“palavras chaves”.

3) PALAVRAS CHAVES numa frase ouvimos apenas as palavras chaves que nos
permiti entender a frase sem ouvir cada palavrinha. Estas
palavras chaves ocorrem onde temos a batida do ritmo. O
tom da voz também acompanha estas palavras chaves e
afeta a interpretação.
4) PENSAR EM INGLÊS com o contexto, ritmo, e palavras chaves todos
acontecendo em harmonia, podemos entender a
conversação e pensar em inglês.

Uma pessoa pode treinar “o pensar” na língua estrangeira fazendo

conversações imaginarias, compondo palestras, ou recordar o que tem ouvido ou lido
no idioma. Mesmo tendo um vocabulário restrito, é muito importante experimentar
formular o pensamento usando as palavras e expressões da língua proposta.
Inicialmente pode parecer desesperançoso, mas, cada vez que uma palavra ou frase
de português entrar na mente, deve ser jogado fora, e o pensamento deve prosseguir
somente com as palavras e frases do inglês. Quando escutamos uma pessoa falando
inglês, devemos nos esforçar em acompanhar pensando em inglês, sem tentar traduzir
as palavras para o português. Isto é difícil de não fazer, portanto é preciso muita
concentração para evitar. A fala tem que fluir naturalmente e com facilidade, sem
contorções mentais.
 Andrew Abrahamson Ph.D - www.omelhoringles.com

“REVISAR É A CHAVE
PARA APRENDER”
SONS SEMELHANTES
Depois de ouvir seletivamente sons estranhos, devemos dirigir a nossa atenção
aos semelhantes . Isto não se refere a semelhanças com sons no português, mas as
semelhanças de sons da língua estrangeira. Estas semelhanças são as como do “P”e
o “B”. Logo veremos que estas semelhanças são agrupadas como: um som entre o
“P” e o “B” provavelmente terá um som correspondente entre o “T”e o “D”, e outro entre
os sons “K”e “G”. As semelhanças e diferenças nas línguas são sistemáticas. Idiomas
são nada mais do que sistemas de sinalização muitos complexos, e tem que ser
sistemas ou não será possível lembrá-los.
Uma criança escuta somente os sons sem prestar atenção nas palavras ou seus
sentidos. Mas nós não queremos esperar e não é preciso. Podemos já notar
semelhanças em palavras.

SOUND EXERCISES

/s/ /th/
sin thin
sigh thigh
sink think
seam theme
sick thick
song thong
sum thumb
face faith
pass path

1) To SIN is bad. [pecar] 2) You don‟t want to SINK. [afundar]

Too THIN is bad. [magro, fino] You don‟t want to THINK. [pensar]

3) We want a SONG. [canção] 4) What SUM do you have? [soma]

We want a THONG. [correia] What THUMB do you have? [polegar]
5) Do you see the PASS?[passe]
Do you see the PATH? [caminho, trilho]
 Andrew Abrahamson Ph.D - www.omelhoringles.com

PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES

“ch” “sh” “o”, “ou” = a

chair she mother
church shell brother
chase sheet some
cheese shine come
chicken sheep company
children shirt something
check shoe money
beach shampoo young

REVI E W

1) “A menor unidade marcadora de significado do sistema sonoro é o que chamamos

de FONEMA.”

2) Para dominar o sistema sonoro escutamos seletivamente os seguintes:

O TOM DA VOZ
SONS ESTRANHOS – consoantes e vogais
SONS SEMELHANTES – “sin” / “thin”

3) Aprender uma língua necessita de IMITAÇÃO consciente.

4) Pronomes novos: WE OUR

YOU YOUR
THEY THEIR

Pronomes completos: I MY
YOU YOUR
HE HIS
SHE HER
IT ITS
WE OUR
YOU YOUR
THEY THEIR
 Andrew Abrahamson Ph.D - www.omelhoringles.com

5) A preposição “TO” = para alguém ou algum lugar tendo sentido de com destino:

I want to go to the store.

I have to speak to the manager.

6) A preposição “AT” – em algum lugar:

I study at the school.
I work at the big store.
I sleep at my house.
 36

7) Sabendo qual é o tema ou CONTEXTO; e acompanhando com o RITMO certo;

vamos poder captar as PALAVRAS CHAVES; e então poder entender e PENSAR em
inglês.

8) WHAT do you buy?

WHAT do you need?
WHAT does he want?

WHERE do you work?

WHERE are you from?
WHERE do you go on the weekend?

WHEN do you have lunch?

WHEN do they sleep?
WHEN do you got to go?

9) I want THIS book.

He likes THIS
car.
Do you need THIS money?

I have THAT bike.

He needs THAT
ham.
They go to THAT church.
 37

L E S S O N S E V E N

OBJECTS

PARENTS ANIMAL

BOSS HORSE

WAITER CHICKEN

WAITRESS DOG

MAGAZINE CAT

NEWSPAPER BIRD
 38

LETTER MONTH

NUMBER BICYCLE/ BIKE

PRONOUNS

“Pronomes Objetos”

SEE ME - me US – (âs) – nos

GIVE YOU – o , a [você] YOU ALL–os, as[vocês]
HELP HIM – o [ele] THEM-os,as[eles, elas]
UNDERSTAND HER - a [ela]
IT – o, a [neutro]

You don‟t want me. [me quer]

O PRONOME OBJETO I don‟t see you. [o vejo]
SEGUE O VERBO I don‟t want him. [o quero]
I don‟t need her. [a preciso]

VERBS

TO WRITE / WROTE
I write books. She writes for a newspaper.

TO READ / READ (rid) (réd)

You need to read this. He doesn‟t like to read.
 39

TO HELP / HELPED
Do you want to help me? Please, we need to help her!

TO KNOW / KNEW - (nôo)saber, conhecer

I don‟t know you. Do you know Spanish?

TO GIVE / GAVE (guêv) (geiv)

I want to give this to you. He wants to give money.

QUALIFIERS
THESE (these books, these cars) 1 – one 1 – first

THOSE (those things, those hams) 2 – two 2 – second

come HERE – aqui 3 – three 3 – third
go THERE – lá , ali 4 – four 4 – fourth
FROM - de (procedência) 5 – five 5 – fifth
ON – em (cima de) 6 – six 6 – sixth
OVER – sobre (por cima) 7 – seven 7 – seventh
8 – eight 8 – eighth
A CAR 9 – nine 9 – ninth
AN ANIMAL (anânémal) 10 – ten 10 – tenth
AN INDIAN

ABOUT – sobre, a respeito de , a cerca de, aproximadamente

WHY? – por quê?
BECAUSE – (bikáz) - porque
 40

EXPRESSIONS
“THIS MORNING” - nesta manhã (in the morning)
“THIS AFTERNOON” – nesta tarde (in the afternoon)
“THIS EVENING” / “TONIGHT”- nesta noite (in the evening)

“WHAT DO YOU THINK?” (about) - “O que você acha?”

“I‟M TRYING TO LEARN.”- (tráim t lern) – “Estou tentando aprender.”

GRAMMAR

O verbo dar – “to give”, funciona apenas para o ato de “entregar algo”,
ou ceder, não de tantas formas como no português: dar de frente com...;deu nas
notícias...; deu nos búzios...; dar para agüentar...

O VERBO “HAVE”FUNCIONA COMO

POSSE E NECESSIDADE

[posse] I HAVE A CAR. - Tenho um carro.

[necessidade] I HAVE TO GO. - Tenho [que] ir.
I HAVE TO WORK. – Tenho [que] trabalhar.

QUANDO USAMOS O VERBO “KNOW” COM UM

OUTRO VERBO TEMOS QUE ACRESENTAR HOW

I KNOW YOUR FATHER - Conheço seu pai.

I KNOW HOW TO SPEAK ENGLISH – Sei [como] falar inglês.
 41

LER CADA “FRAME”PELO MENOS 2 VEZES DESDE A LIÇÃO 01!

COMEÇA À LER COM MAIS VELOCIDADE.

1. You like ME. 2. We need YOU.

He likes . Your father needs .
She likes . She needs .
They like . It needs .

3. I understand HIM. 4. I work with HER.

They understand . He works with .
We understand . We work with .
She understands . You work with .

5. I like IT. 6. They see US play.

He likes . He sees play.
She likes . You see play.
They like . She sees play.

7. I speak with THEM. 8. They WRITE letters to me.

We speak with . You numbers for us.
She speaks with . He for a newspaper.
They speak with . We don‟t to him.

9. I READ the newspaper. 10. We need to HELP the boy.

You the book. You have to us today.
We want to . I want to at home.
He magazines. Do you your mother?

11. I don‟t KNOW your name. 12. I want to GIVE you bread.
Do you her husband? I want to them water.
The waitress doesn‟t English. He wants to me a car.
The boss my brother. I want to you a book.

13. I want to sell THESE books. 14. Do you see THOSE birds?
I want to sell cars. Do you see dogs?
I want to sell cups. Do you see bikes?
I want to sell houses. Do you see cars?
 42

15. I buy meat HERE. 16. My sister works THERE.

I sell books . My wife studies .
I play soccer . My son helps .
I read books . My parents eat .

17. I have a letter FROM you. 18. I see AN animal.

I have a letter my friend. I see indian.
I have a letter your sister. I see apple.
I have a letter the boss. I see ace.

(pergunta) (resposta)

19. WHY do you work? 20. BECAUSE I need to.

do you study? I have to.
do you read? I like to.
do you help? I want to.

21. They work at the THIRD house. 22. I want the SECOND book.
They play at the house. I want the cat.
They study at the house. I want the waitress.

23. We want to work THIS MORNING. 24. You have to go THIS AFTERNOON.
We want to play . You have to help .
We want to study . You have to write .
We want to read . You have to sell .

25. He works TONIGHT. 26. Do you KNOW HOW to read?

He studies . Do you to write?
He speaks . Do you to work?
He has dinner . Do you to buy?

27. I like to speak ABOUT my family. 28. I have ABOUT three birds.
I like to speak the children. I know seven numbers.
I like to speak my work. I read two books.
I like to speak money. I write five letters.

29. WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT the boss?

this?
your work?
him?
 43

Leia cada frase concentrando no

rítimo, palavras chaves e pensando em inglês
SEM TRADUZIR.

PRACTICE PHRASES

1. I want to understand my friend, but I only speak English.

2. I have money today, but I don‟t want to go. See you later.

3. Why do you read in the morning? I don‟t have time in the evening.

4. When do you eat? I have lunch in the afternoon.

5. I like to speak English with my family. We don‟t speak Portuguese.

6. How many books do you have about animals? I have four books.

7. I don‟t eat at my home. I like to have dinner at the restaurant.

8. Where do you like to study? I only study at the school.

9. You don‟t like to work at this store. Why do you work here?

10. We don‟t have time to go to the store with you today.

11. Do you want to buy a newspaper with this money? I don‟t read.

12. They want to write a letter this afternoon. Do you want to help?

13. I buy two books every week. Do you sell books or magazines?

14. Do your friends go to the school with you? I go by myself.

15. Why do your children go to the movies only on the weekend?

VOLTE PARA NO 01 E TREINA COM O MÁXIMO

DE VELOCIDADE.
44
 45

L E S S O N EI G H T

Há mais um aspecto na aprendizagem de um idioma em que ouvir é importante,

sendo ouvir a nós mesmos. Inconscientemente todos nós escutamos nossa maneira
de falar. Assim podemos falar igual aos outros. A pessoa que fica surda perde este
poder de controle e em breve sua maneira de falar fica distorcida.
Primeiro controlamos os movimentos musculares que nos dão controle
constante. E segundo, controlamos os sons que saem da boca e nos dão controle
demorado. Este controle de nós mesmos necessita um esforço consciente. Sempre
devemos comparar nossa fala com o que ouvimos dos outros. Com esta comparação
cuidadosa com a maneira correta de falar, podemos ter bons resultados em pouco
tempo.
Aprender a falar uma língua é relativo a aprender a ouvi-la.

SOUND STUDY
Grupos Consonantais de “SONS ESTRANHOS”

Vamos ver o problema dos grupos de fonemas do inglês que são estranhos ao
português em posição final de palavra. Em posição final os grupos consonantais de
palavras simples são:
mend trench burp
ant soft purse
mist grasp heart (hárt)
fence film serve
bold bulge fears [rz] (firz)
ox [ks] bulb marsh (mârch)
shelf welch [Ish] birth
sink fields [Idz] corpse
act kiln first
change verb shirts (shêrts)
solve third prompt
belt surf bumps (bámps)
desk iceberg belch
kelp large triumph[mf]
false church stops
milk park script
health pearl lens [nz]
shrimp storm next [kst]
 46

Intonação

Nenhuma língua é falada em monótono. Isto quer dizer que sempre há alguma
“modulação” da voz, e todas estas modificações ao padronizadas e adquirem certos
significados.
Dominar a intonação necessita muita paciência e determinação de imitar
constantemente. Até conseguirmos falar uma frase com sua intonação correta, não
será dita corretamente.

SOUND EXERCISES
“SONS SEMELHANTES”

/ t/ /th/
1) I see your TIES. [ gravatas ] tin thin
I your THIGHS. [ coxas ] ties thighs
tanks thanks
2) He is a TINKER. [ funileiro ] tinker thinker
He is a THINKER. [ pensador ] tick thick
ticket thicket
tree three
3) I have a FATE. [ destino ] true through
I have a FAITH. [ crença, religião ] fate faith
fort fourth
4) Go to the FORT wall. [ forte ]
Go to the FOURTH wall. [ quarta ]
/f/ /th/
1) It‟s a beautiful REEF. [ recife ] first thirst
It „s a beautiful WREATH.[guirlanda] fought (fat) thought
free three
fret threat
2) I have FREE tickets. [ de graça ]
I have THREE tickets. [ três ] frill (freil) thrill
deaf (déf) death
whiff (uêf) with
3) Come WITH me. [ com ]
Come WHIFF me. [ sentir cheiro ] fin (fén) thin
reef (rif) wreath
4) Are you DEAF? [ surdo ] LER E REPETIR AS COLUNAS,
Are you DEATH? [ a morte ] DEPOIS COMPARE AS DUAS
 47

“A memória auditiva pode ser aprimorada tanto quanto

qualquer outra, e alguém aprendendo um idioma faz
bem em concentrar melhor neste fator”.

PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES

“th” - (som sonoro) “h” – (espirado)

this how
that here
the husband
then head (héd)
there heart (hart)
mother hand
father happy

“ea” = i “ea” = é
eat (it) bread (bréd)
meat (mít) breakfast
beat (bit) - bater dead – morto
clean (clin) deaf – surdo
cream(crim) feather (féder) – pena (ave)
easy (isi) measure (méjar) – medida
neat weather (wéder) – tempo, clima
 47

REVIEW

1) “pronome objeto”no inglês vem depois do verbo:

Do you know ME? Please, speak for US.
I don‟t see YOU. I speak to YOU ALL today.
She helps HIM. I have to go with
THEM.He needs HER.
I like IT.

2) GIVE – muito usado no imperativo e com o pronome objeto:

Give me the book! You don‟t want to give your time.
I want to give you this. Give me that!

3) Nossos “qualifiers” THIS e THAT agora tem THESE e

THOSE:I like this book. --- I like these books.
Do you see this bird? --- Do you see these birds?
I want this magazine. --- I want these
magazines.Give me that letter. --- Give
me those letters.
I like that cat. --- I like those cats.

4) O verbo to know tem que ter “how” adicionado quando estamos falando
emsaber “como” fazer algo.
I KNOW HOW to read.
Do you KNOW HOW to speak
English?We want to KNOW HOW to
go there.

5) I have to work IN THE MORNING . I have to work THIS MORNING.

Do you study IN THE AFTERNOON? Do you study THIS
AFTERNOON?
I go there IN THE EVENING. (TONIGHT) I go there TONIGHT. (THIS EVENING)

6) Lugares ambíguos não recebem preposições.

I go downtown everyday. I want to go home
now.I work downtown. I need to go north.
 48

L E S S O N N I N E

OBJECTS

OFFICE BEANS (bínz)

APARTMENT RICE

WINDOW SALAD

DOOR APPLE
 49

CITY PEAR
 50

COUNTRY BANANA

TICKET – passagem, conta, FRUIT

ingresso, multa EGG

TEST - prova NEIGHBOR (neibr) – vizinho(a)

VERBS
TO PREFER / PREFERRD ( prefér) – preferir
I prefer beans and rice. I prefer your office.
TO LIVE / LIVD (lêv) – morar
I live with them. I like to live here.
TO OPEN / OPEND - abrir (open the…)
I need to open the door. Please open the book.
TO CLOSE / CLOSD – fechar (close the…)
I don‟t want to close the window.
TO TAKE / TOOK (têik) - pegar, tomar, levar. (to, from)
They want to take the boy to the school. Take it!
 51

QUALIFIERS

11 – eleven 30 - thiry
12 – twelve 40 - forty
13 – thirteen 50 - fifty
14 – fourteen 60 - sixty
15 – fifteen 70 - seventy
16 – sixteen 80 - eighty
17 – seventeen 90 - ninety
18 – eighteen 100 - one hundred (hândrêd)
19 – nineteen 200 - two hundred
20 - twenty (twentii) 1000 - one thousand

ALREADY (alrédi) – já
USUALLY (iujoli) – geralmente
When UNTIL (ântíl) – até (I work until two o‟clock.)
BY – até (You need to come home by nine o‟clock.)

THEN – depois, daí, então Palavras de COLA – and,but,then,because..

VERBOS CAN – poder (. .. )

AUXILIARES
1) I can read books in English.
2) He can go with us.
3) We can‟t open the store tonight.
4) I can‟t sleep!
5) Can I go with you?
 52

**IMPORTANTE DOMINAR USO DE QUANTIDADES***

NO - nenhum, nenhuma, nada - negativa

SOME – algum, alguma, [alguns, algumas ] – afirmativo
How much ANY – algum, alguma (s) – interrogativo
How many nenhum, nenhumas - negativo

SEVERAL – várias
MORE – mais
LESS – menos

MUCH – muito (adj.) quantidades

MANY – muitos, vários (adj.) numero plural

“A LOT” – muito, “um monte”

“A LOT OF” (a Lara) – muito (de) ... quantidades, e numeros

FEW – poucos numeros

A LITTLE – um pouco (de) quantidade

ANY MORE? A LOT MORE A LITTLE LESS

SOME MORE A LITTLE MORE A FEW LESS
MUCH MORE FEW MORE A LOT LESS
MANY MORE NO MORE MUCH LESS
NO LESS MANY LESS

VERY – muito super adj. obj. usar apenas com adjetivos.

VERY OLD VERY MANY Palavras TURBO

VERY BIG VERY FEW very, so, pretty, too…
VERY SMALL VERY GOOD
VERY MUCH
 53

EXPRESSIONS
NOON – meio dia AT NOON – ao meio dia
NIGHT – noite AT NIGHT – à noite

to “GET UP” – levantar-se

“WHAT TIME IS IT?” – Que horas são?

“LET‟S GO!” - vamos (Let‟s work, study, eat…)
“I DON‟T KNOW!” – Sei lá!

“TAKE YOUR TIME.” – Toma o tempo que precisar.

“TAKE OUT” – Para levar
“BY TOMORROW” – até amanhã
“BY 10:00” – até às 10:00
“BY THE TIME I GO.” – até a hora que eu for

AT HOME – em casa AT SCHOOL – na escola

AT CHURCH – na igreja AT PEACE – em paz
AT WORK – no trabalho AT WAR – em guerra
1:00 – “IT‟S ONE O‟CLOCK”
2:00 – “IT‟S TWO O‟CLOCK”
3:00 – “IT‟S THREE O‟CLOCK”
4:15 – “IT‟S FOUR FIFTEEN”
5:30 – “IT‟S FIVE THIRTY”
6:50 – “IT‟S TEN TO SEVEN”/ “IT‟S SIX FIFTY”
A.M. – 0:00 ... 12:00
P.M – 12:00 ... 24:00

GRAMMAR
At what time? – à que hora?
I work at 8:00. – trabalho às 8:00
I sleep at 12:00. – durmo às 12:00
 54

FRAMES

1. I PREFER salad. 2. Do you LIVE here?

I beans. Do you downtown?
I the country. Do you with Jim?
I fruit. Do you by yourself?

3. They want to OPEN the door. 4. I CLOSE the office at 6:00.

They want to the window. I the store at 6:00.
They want to the store. I the book at 6:00.
They want to the book. I the door at 6:00.

5. Do you want to TAKE the tickets? 6. I want to TAKE the test.

Do you want to the boys? You got to medicine.
Do you want to the apple? They want to a taxi.
Do you want to the car? We want to a bath.

7. I have ELEVEN books. 8. I see FORTY – FIVE bananas.

I have children. I see apples.
I have pears. I see dogs.
I have eggs. I see cats.

9. She needs TWO HUNDRED FIFTEEN tickets. 10. I ALREADY speak English.
She needs numbers. I know your name.
She needs dollars. I know how to write.
She needs verbs. It‟s ten o‟clock.
 55

11. I USUALLY work until 8:00. 12. I work UNTIL 3:00.

I sleep until 8:00. I sleep 3:00.
I play until 8:00. I play 3:00.
I study until 8:00. I study 3:00.

13. We need the book BY noon. 14. He studies, THEN he works.

We need the book this afternoon. He studies, he plays.
We need the book the time I go. He studies, he sleeps.
We need the book tomorrow. He studies, he reads.

15. She CAN work with us. 16. You CAN‟T study here.
She study with us. You work here.
She play with us. You live here.
She live with us. You sleep here.

17. I want SOME windows. 18. Do you want ANY letters?

I need new windows. Do you need apples?
I like city windows. Do you have time?
I have small windows. Do you see girls?

19. I don‟t want ANY letters. 20. I have NO friends.

I don‟t need apples. They eat apples.
I don‟t have time. You can see birds.

21. I have LESS children. 22. I need MORE time.

He reads books. He sells books.
We need money. She studies in the morning.
 56

(quantidades) (numeros)
23. He drinks MUCH coffee. 24. I have MANY friends.
He eats rice. They eat apples.
She sells meat. You can see birds.
They take time. We know neighbors.

25. He drinks A LOT OF coffee. 26. I read FEW books.

He eats apples. He writes letters.
She sells meat. We have chickens.
They see birds. It needs windows.

27. He drinks A LITTLE beer. 28. I sleep until NOON.

We want juice. He works until .
I need time. We get up at .
They have rice. They have lunch at .

29. I work AT NIGHT. 30. I need to GET UP.

He studies . They can‟t .
They play . I sleep, then I .
I can‟t see . It‟s time to !

31. IT‟S 7:15 here.

at that country.
in the morning.
now.
 56

LEIA TREINANDO PRONÚNCIA RÁPIDA SEM TRADUZIR

PRACTICE PHRASES

1. Do you want to work with me today? Sorry, I don‟t have time.

2. I like to speak English with my friends. We study on the weekend.
3. Do you want to buy my car? No thanks, I already have a car.
4. I don‟t know where you work. I want to go there tomorrow.
5. I need to study for my test tomorrow. What time is it?
6. Do you want to go to the church with me tomorrow? I don‟t know.
7. I need to speak with the manager of the bank about the money.
8. What do you know about this city? I don‟t know a lot.
9. Where do you want to live? I prefer to live here.
10. I already read magazines in english, but I need to study more.
11. Do you want to buy my house? I already have a house.
12. What time do you like to have breakfast? Usually at 7:00.
13. I don‟t know how to close the window. Can you help me?
14. I have some books to read tonight. She needs to write many letters.
15. How many books do you want to read this week? Only, about three.
 57

L E S S O N TE N

As pessoas que não usam o que sabem não aprendem a falar. Mesmo os
alunos com dificuldades que usam o que sabem, e continuam tentando, quase sempre
aprendem a falar o idioma.

SOUND STUDY
Grupos Consonantais de “SONS ESTRANHOS”

Os sufixos derivacionais, acrescidos a palavras já existentes, criam outros

grupos consonantais:
health sixth
width thousandth
tenth twelfth
fifth length
eighth (tth) warmth (rmpth)
fourth

O idioma tem que ser automático ou é inútil. Uma pessoa que sempre tem que
tatear pelas palavras, não aprendeu o idioma. Expressões tem que estar na ponta da
língua.
 58

SOUND EXERCISES
/z/ /th/
Zen then
lies (laiz) lithe
tease (tiiz) teethe
close (clôuz) clothe
boys bathe
breeze breathe
seize seethe
rise (raiz) writhe
size (saiz) scythe
1) Do you want to study ZEN? [Zen] 3) Do you want to CLOSE it? [fechar]
Do you want to study, THEN? [então] Do you want to CLOTHE it? [ vestir]

2) That is my SIZE. [ tamanho] 4) Can you see it RISE? [ levantar]

That is my SCYTHE. [ foice] Can you see it WRITHE?[contorser]
/d/ /th/
dough (dou) though
den then
doze (douz) those
dare (dér) there
broader brother
breed breathe
read (rid) wreathe
seed (sid) seethe
fodder father
1) You need to READ it. [ler]
You need to WREATHE it. [ entrelaçar em guirlanda]

2) The animals BREED here. [ reproduzir-se]

The animals BREATHE here. [ respira]

3) My FODDER is old. [ração para animais]

My FATHER is old. [ pai]
 59

PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES

“ow” = au “ou” = au “ow = ou

clown (cláun) – palhaço our – nosso snow – neve
down – para baixo ouch! – ai!, ui! low – baixo
town (táun) – vila out – fora row – remar
tower – torre house – casa show – mostrar
power – poder mouse – camundongo window – janela
cow (cáu) – vaca found – achado
now (náu) – agora round – redondo
brown (bráun) – marrom pound – libra
how – como couch (cáut) – sofá
wow (uáu) – oba! shout (sháut) – gritar

“o” = ou “oa” = ou
rope – corda boat (bout) – barco road (roud) – estrada
note – nota coat (cout) – casaco float (flôt) – boiar
hope – esperança goat (gout) – cabra oath – juramento
joke (dhiók) – piada soap (soup) – sabão roast – assar
lone - solitário boast – ostentar load – carga
phone – fone
pope – papa
 60

R E V I EW

1) O verbo to “KNOW” tem que ter HOW adicionado quando estamos falando
em saber [ como] fazer algo:
I KNOW HOW to read.
They KNOW HOW to speak English.
I don‟t KNOW HOW to write.

2) Temos o verbo TAKE:

I want to TAKE the train.
She prefers to TAKE the bus.
I want to TAKE you there.
They need to TAKE a bath.

3) A palavra THEN, é muito útil e fácil de esquecer:

Palavras de COLA (but, and, because, then, so..)
We study our homework, THEN we have dinner.
He works until 6:00, THEN he goes home.

4) O verbo auxiliar CAN:

afirmativo I know it CAN live here.

He CAN study with you.

negativo She CAN‟T speak English.

They CAN‟T go with us.

interrogativo CAN I play with John?

CAN you take the bus downtown?
 61

5) NO - nenhum, nenhuma
SOME – algum, alguma [alguns, algumas] – afirmativo
ANY – algum, alguma [ alguns, algumas] – interrogativo
nenhum, nenhuma – negativo
MORE – mais
LESS – menos

MUCH – muito (adj.) quantidades

MANY – muitos, vários (adj.) numeros

A LOT – muito
A LOT OF – muito (de) quantidades ou numeros

FEW – poucos numeros

A LITTLE – um pouco [de] quantidades

6) Quando se trata de horas ou tempo, usamos a preposição AT como à, às:

I go work AT 7:30 A.M.
He usually sleeps AT 10:00.
AT what time do you want to study?
AT what time can you study with me?
 62

L E S S O N EL E V E N

SUNDAY – domingo ON – no, na SATURDAY – sábado

MONDAY – segunda-feira FRIDAY – sexta-feira
TUESDAY – terça-feira THURSDAY – quinta-feira
WEDNESDAY – quarta-feira

OBJECTS

VACATION MEETING

SWIMMING POOL CLASS

BEACH RELATIVES – parentes (KIN)

SAND THING – coisa

SEA [affirm.]
SOMETHING – alguma coisa[int?]
ANYTHING – alguma coisa?
[neg.] ANYTHING – coisa alguma [nada]
NOTHING - nada
 63

VERBS
TO START / STARTED – começar
When can you start? Let‟s start the meeting.
TO COME / CAME - vir
Please, come here. What time do they come?
TO SAY / SAID – dizer
I need to say something. Do you want to say anything?
TO STAY / STAYD – ficar
Please, can you stay here with me ? It doesn‟t want to stay.

QUALIFIERS
PRETTY – linda, bonito
BEAUTIFUL – linda, bonito
HANDSOME – bonito, charmoso [só para homens]
GOOD – bom
BAD – mau
OLD – velho
NEW – novo, nova
qualidade YOUNG – novo, jovem (idade)
SMALL – pequeno
BIG – grande
HAPPY – feliz
SAD – triste
LONG – comprido
SHORT – curto

HOW – como IN - em [dentro especificamente]

STILL - ainda [inicío ou meio de frase] IN THE – no, na [dentro do, dentro da]
YET – ainda [final de frase] NEXT – próximo (em ordem)
 64

EXPRESSIONS
“BY BUS” - de ônibus
“BY CAR” – de carro
“BY PLANE” – de avião
“BY TRAIN” - de trem
“ON FOOT” – a pé
“MAYBE” – talvez
“T. G. I. F.” – (Thank God Its Friday)
“WHAT IS THE NAME OF THAT?” – Qual o nome daquilo?

“ANYTHING ELSE?” – “Alguma coisa mais?”

“ANYTHING NEW?” - “Alguma novidade?”

“ANYWAY...” – “Seja o que for...”

“ANYHOW” – “De qualquer modo.”, “Como quer que seja.”
“ANYWHERE” – “Qualquer lugar.”

GRAMMAR
AFFIRMATIVO NEGATIVO INTERROGATIVO?
I WANT. I DON‟T WANT DO I WANT?
YOU WANT. YOU DON‟T WANT DO YOU WANT?
HE WANTS. HE DOESN‟T WANT DOES HE WANT?
SHE NEEDS. SHE DOESN‟T NEED. DOES SHE NEED?
IT HAS. IT DOESN‟T HAVE. DOES IT HAVE?
WE WANT. WE DON‟T WANT. DO WE WANT?
YOU ALL WANT. YOU ALL DON‟T WANT. DO YOU ALL WANT?
THEY WANT. THEY DON‟T WANT. DO THEY WANT?
 65

FRAMES

1. I go to church on SUNDAY. 2. I go work on MONDAY.

I see my family on . I work from to Friday.
I don‟t work on . The children go to school on .

3. I sell a lot on TUESDAY. 4. I go the movies on FRIDAY.

They don‟t have lunch on . He studies Spanish on .
He buys cheese only on . We like to eat fish on .

5. They go to club on SATURDAY. 6. Do you want to START the meeting?

I like to eat “feijoada” on . Do you want to the class?
He plays soccer on . Can you please the car?

7. They need to COME with us. 8. What do you want to SAY?

He wants to to the meeting. Do you want to anything?
My sister likes to here. Why do you want to that?
Can you with me? He doesn‟t know what to .

9. I have to STAY at my work. 10. I can see the PRETTY girls.

I prefer to at my home. I can see the tree.
We like to there. I can see the beach.
She doesn‟t like to with them. I can see the bird.

11. She is BEAUTIFUL. 12. You have a HANDSOME father.

My sister is . You have a brother.
Your swimming pool is . You have a son.
The sand here is . You have a husband.
 66

13. He likes OLD cars. 14. We have a NEW magazine.

I buy books. We have a swimming pool.
They sell things. We have a manager.
We have many magazines. We have a office.

15. He has a YOUNG wife. 16. I want to buy a SMALL car.

I see the boy. She says she has a apartment
We have a boss. Those boys prefer girls.
They like dogs. We want that
cat.

17. HOW do you study? 18. You need to take the NEXT bus.
do you like your fish? We want to see the show.
do you say that? I have to go on the train.
does the baby sleep? Do you know the city?

19. I need to study YET. 20. I STILL need to study.

We have to work . We have to work.
Can you drink ? Do you drink wine?
Do they have time ? Do the children have time?

21. She studies IN THE car. 22. I know a VERY old man.
I work office. They have a young son.
He lives house. He reads good books.
They play sea. We prefer happy children.

23. I have VERY MANY friends. 24.We don‟t need VERY MUCH time.
I read books. You don‟t eat rice.
She has relatives. I don‟t have money.
We give things. They want meat.

25. MAYBE he can stay with us. 26.They go to church BY CAR.

it needs to eat. We come home BY BUS.
she has to go home. I go to Miami BY PLANE.
we can buy the car next week. She goes to her parents BY TRAIN.
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RITMO, RAPIDEZ,FLUENCIA.

PHRASES

1. I want to go to the States next week. I need alot of money.

2. I don‟t understand what you say. Can you speak Spanish?

3. Do you want to help the teacher? I don‟t know what book he wants.

4. I like to go there with my neighbor, because she knows German.

5. I need to understand what you want, because I want to help you.

6. How do you go to school? I like to go by car, but I don‟t have a car.

7. The children sleep until 7:00 everyday because of school.

8. Where do you have to go tonight? I gotta go to the office.

9. How many brothers and sisters do you have? Three brothers only.

10. He doesn‟t want to stay here. He wants to go to the movies.

11. I go to the movies on the weekend, then I usually go home.

12. Do you understand me? I don‟t know where you want to go.

13. I still don‟t have the money to buy his bicycle. Do you have?

14. What magazines do you like to buy? I usually don‟t buy magazines.

15. I need to help my wife in the kitchen. What time is it?

16. I like to have breakfast at 7:30. She has breakfast with me.

17. We usually buy the newspaper everyday but Monday. Do you understand?

18. Do you know how to play soccer? I only know how to play tennis.

19. Do you know how to read and write in English?

20. Sorry, I don‟t have time to help you today. Maybe tomorrow.
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LESSON TWELVE

Dominando Sons Estrangeiros

Apesar de não usarmos do acento agudo no inglês, mesmo assim temos que
memorizar qual sílaba tem “batida. Este sistema arbitrária sobre a colocação da sílaba
tônica torna-se muito difícil para quem está aprendendo ler e escrever o inglês.

Substantivo Verbo

rebel to rebel
impact to impact
insult to insult
insert to insert
contest to contest
protest to protest
convert to convert
project to project

SOUND STUDY
Grupos consonantais de “SONS ESTRANHOS”

Adicionando o sufixo [s, es] da terceira pessoa singular do presente, em inglês,

isto cria vários grupos consonantais. O “s” ou “es” tem o som /s/, /z/, ou /ez/ quando
adicionado às palavras que terminam com um fonema surdo, sonoro, ou s,z,sh,ch,dge,
respectivamente.

coughs melts bursts films

hopes thinks robs resolves
fits asks begs disturbs
lifts lisps falls boards
reacts toasts comes curls
engulfs tempts lives harms
milks works rings burns
helps warps holds starves

Falar um idioma e tocar o piano são habilidades, e como qualquer perícia necessitam
de treinamento, sabendo que a pessoa vai cometer erros. Em fato errar e depois
corrigir os erros é a parte integral do processo de aprender.
 69

SOUND EXERCISES
Sons Semelhantes

/sh/ /ch/
sheep cheap
sheet cheat
ship chip COMPARE OS SONS
shoe chew
shop chop
share chair
shin chin
cash catch
lash latch
wish witch

1) These are SHEEP. [carneiros]

These are CHEAP. [barato]

2) Do you want my SHARE? [parte]

Do you want my CHAIR? [cadeira]

3) This is my SHIN. [canela da perna]

This is my CHIN. [queixo]

/ch/ /dj
cheer jeer
choice Joyce
chest jest
choke joke
chin gin
char jar
chunk junk
choose jews
rich ridge

1) The children CHEER. [aplaudir, torcer]

The children JEER. [zombar, escarnecer]

2) We don‟t have a CHOICE here. [escolha]

We don‟t have a JOYCE here. [Joyce]

3) She doesn‟t like it when I CHOKE. [engasgar]

She doesn‟t like it when I JOKE . [fazer brincadeira]
 70

/shj/ (João) /dj/

version virgin
pleasure pledger
lesion legion

1) I don‟t know this VERSION . [versão]

I don‟t know this VIRGIN. [virgem]

2) We need to have PLEASURES. [prazeres]

We need to have PLEDGERS. [promissórias]

PARA PENSAR – “Toda língua segue suas próprias leis.

Estamos estudando o que o idioma faz, não o por quê.”

PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES

“g”= dj “j” = dj
magician – mágico Jack – Jack
pigeon – pombo Joseph – José
bridge – ponte jam – geléia
large – grande Japan – Japão
gentle – pacífico jar – pote
general – general jail – prisão
German – alemão jazz – jazz
engine – máquina jeans – jeans
engineer – engenheiro job – emprego
range – extensão just – só, apenas
 71

“i” = ai “i” = ur “i”= e

like – gostar bird big
light – luz, leve, clara birth – nascimento sick
right – certo dirty brick – tijolo
mind – mente first fish
five firm – firme dish – prato
child – criança, filho sir – senhor milk
bicycle third English
bike skirt – saia with
blind – cego shirt It
side – lado flirt – coquetear, give
kind – bondoso “flertar” live
pilot this
mile – milha
fine – bem

ripe – maduro

China

kite – pipa
 72

REVI E W

1) Os dias da semana tem que ser memorizados.

SUNDAY, MONDAY, TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY,
THURSDAY, FRIDAY, SATURDAY.

*** usamos a preposição “ON” para no, na.

2) O verbo auxiliar “CAN”:

I CAN go with you. She CAN‟T read English.
He CAN study in the evening. CAN my sister have a glass of water?

3) Quantidade: SOME – algum, alguma [s] – afirmativo

ANY - algum, alguma [s] – interrogativo
- nenhum, nenhuma – negativo
NO - nenhum, nenhuma – negativo
MORE – mais
LESS – menos
MUCH - muito [adj.] quantidade
MANY – muitos, vários [adj.] numeros
A LOT - muito, um monte
A LOT OF - muito [de] quantidade e numeros
FEW - poucos - numeros
A LITTLE – um pouco [de] – quantidade
any more a lot more many less
some more a little more a little less
much more a few more much less
many more any less a few less
lot less
 73

4) A palavra SOMETHING é usado apenas em frases

afirmativas:
I want to eat SOMETHING.She
needs SOMETHING.

5) A palavra ANYTHING é usado em frases interrogativas:Do you

want ANYTHING ?
Does it need ANYTHING ?e
também em frases negativas:
I don‟t want ANYTHING.
6) YET sempre vem no final de frases:
I need to eat YET.
We need to say something YET.
7) STILL pode ser usado no início ou no meio de frases:I
STILL want to read your letter.
She knows Portuguese and she STILL speaks English.
8) Qualidade:
GOODBAD
STRONG – forte WEAK
(wik) – fracoOLD
YOUNG
PRETTY (préti)
CHEAP (tchip)
EXPENSIVE
9) VERY + qualidade = TURBO QUALIDADE
VERY GOOD VERY CHEAP
VERY BAD VERY EXPENSIVE (ekspénsev)
VERY STRONG VERY MUCH
VERY WEAK VERY MANY
VERY OLD VERY LITTLE
VERY YOUNG VERY FEW VERY
PRETTY
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L E S S O N T H I R T E E N

OBJECTS

COMPANY TAPE

PHARMACY PARTY

JOB (diab) BRIDGE

KIDS INFORMATION

VERBS

TO VISIT / VISITED

I have to visit my family. She likes to visit us.

TO DO / DID – fazer [excutar]

I want to do my homework. What do you do there?

 75

TO COOK / COOKED

My mother cooks very well. Can you cook beans?

TO FINISH / FINISHED (fênesh) – terminar

They want to finish the meeting. I can finish this.

TO MAKE / MADE (meik) – fazer[construir, confeccionar]

We know how to make a house. I can‟t make lunch today.

QUALIFIERS

ALWAYS (aluêis) - sempre

NEVER - nunca
When DURING - durante
SOMETIMES - às vezes
ONE TIME - uma vez
 76

BEFORE – antes de
AFTER – (ééftr) – depois de
Where NEAR – perto de
FAR (fâr) - longe
FAR FROM – longe de (procedencia)

VERY WELL – muito bem

WHICH – qual, quais
SO – por isso, então, tão so cheap – tão barato
(so that) para que so good – tão bom
TURBO so many – tantos so much – tanto
so old – tão velho so far – tão longe

EXPRESSIONS

TIME – tempo, hora, vez

“MANY TIMES”- muitas vezes
“MUCH TIME” – muito tempo
“ON TIME” – pontualmente, na hora certa

“MIDNIGHT” – meia noite

“DAY AFTER TOMORROW” – depois de amanhã

to “DO THE DISHES” – lavar a louça

“HOW IS HE” – Como ele está?

“HE IS FINE” - Ele está bem.
“HE IS MORE OR LESS” – Ele está mais ou menos.
“HE IS NOT WELL” – Ele não está bem.

“IN TEARS ” - chorando

“IN LOVE” - apaixonado
“IN BED”- na cama
“IN PERSON” - pessoalmente
“IN TIME” – à tempo
“IN TROUBLE” (trábol) – em apuros
 77

GRAMMAR TO BE – ser, estar

I AM I‟M
YOU ARE YOU‟RE
HE IS HE‟S
SHE IS SHE‟S
IT IS IT‟S
WE ARE WE‟RE
YOU ARE YOU‟RE
THEY ARE THEY‟RE

Negativo = NOT interrogativo

I AM NOT. AM I. ................. ?
YOU ARE NOT. ARE YOU. ........ ?
HE IS NOT. IS HE. ............... ?
SHE IS NOT. IS SHE. ............... ?
IT IS NOT. IS IT. .................?
WE ARE NOT. ARE WE. .......... ?
YOU ARE NOT. ARE YOU. ........ ?
THEY ARE NOT. ARE THEY. ...... ?
 78

FRAMES

1. We want to VISIT you tomorrow. 2. I DO my homework everyday.

Can your parents? He says he can‟t the job.
They need to their friends. They don‟t have anything to .
He likes to Brazil. We don‟t want to this anymore.

3. She can COOK very well. 4. We need to FINISH the job by this afternoon.
They usually the meat. They want to the meeting now.
I like to many things. I have to this book by Friday.
He wants to for you. Can you this for me?

5. How do you MAKE the bread? 6. You need to go AFTER the girl.
Where do they cheese? The bridge is the city.
I like to many things. My house is the pharmacy.
I need water to the rice. Thursday comes Wednesday.

7. The church is NEAR the store. 8. Maybe you are BEFORE me.
The car is the pharmacy. Usually they start us.
My window is the door. I have to go home 9:00.
The fruit is the salad. I cook the meat the chicken.

9. I live FAR FROM here. 10. I ALWAYS do my homework..

She works her house. She likes to cook.
Take this the city. We need money.
The bus is the school. I don‟t prefer ham.
 79

11. They NEVER finish the book. 12. You have to come DURING the week.
She goes to school on time I have to speak___the meeting.
I cook with wine. We have work the vacation.
They study. She needs to study the class.

13. I SOMETIMES like to go to the movies. 14. WHICH book do you want?
We go to the beach. door do I close?
She buys pears for us. I don‟t know___window to open.
they visit their relatives. fruit is more expensive?

15. I work a lot, SO I don‟t go to school.

He needs to study, he doesn‟t play in the evening.
They don‟t work, they don‟t have much money.
We prefer the beach, we go there on Sunday.

16. He knows SO many people.

This house is beautiful.
They work much.
The car is cheap.
 80

PHRASES

1. I have many things to do today. I need to finish this now.

2. Do you want to stay at my apartment this weekend? I don‟t know yet.
3. I want to visit my parents this week. They live near the church.
4. My father wants to sell his old car. He needs money for a vacation.
5. I have to do my homework before I go to the party tonight.
6. They don‟t know how to cook very well. She wants to help them.
7. Do you know where Janet has a store? Her store is near downtown.
8. I have to take a test tomorrow, so I want to study a lot tonight.
9. Do you have time this weekend to go to the swimming pool with me?
10. She wants to finish the job before midnight, but I want go.
11. I usually go to Rio on my vacation. I always need a lot of money.
12. She cooks very well but she doesn‟t know how to read nor write.
13. Do they want to sell their house? I don‟t know anything about this.
14. I live with their brother. He works with my father at the bridge.
15. He doesn‟t live downtown, so he has to go to work by train.
16. I don‟t know how to do this. Do you want to help me after dinner?
17. Where does your neighbor usually have lunch? Sorry, I don‟t know.
18. Do you know her parents? Her mother always makes good pizza.
19. How many magazines do you have with you? Do you want any more?
20. I need to sell my car because I want to buy a ticket to the States.
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L E S S O N FO U R T E E N

SOUND STUDY – Grupos Consonontais de “SONS ESTRANHOS”

A adição de “s” ou “es” para formar o plural realiza-se igual a do morfema da terceira
pessoa do singular que vimos antes:

muffs (máfs) nymphs [mfs] strengths

cats tenths surfs
wreaths banks (bênks) barks
widths scripts chirps
lifts masks bags
fifths wasps bells
facts fists (fêsts) beams
gulfs eighths [tths] wives [vz]
bulks texts [ksts] kings
gulps sixths [ksths] bulbs
belts twelfths folds
wealths attempts (atêmts) elms

SOUND EXERCISES - Sons Semelhantes

/h/ / /
heel (hiil) eel
heat (hit) eat
heart (hârt) art
harm (hârm) arm
hear (híer) ear (ír)
his is
hold (hôld) old
hair (hér) air
hedge (héd) edge (éd)

1) They want to eat the HEEL. [calcanhar] 2) We are at the HEDGE. [ cerca viva]
They want to eat the EEL. [peixe elétrico] We are at the EDGE. [beirada]

3) You can HEAT it. [aquecer, esquentar]

You can EAT it. [comer]
 82

/h/ /r/
hat (héét) rat
ham ram (râm)
hole (hôl) role
honey runny (râni)
heel reel
hope rope (rôup)
hide (haid) ride (raid)
hay ray (rêi)
hear (híir) rear
hid rid (rêd)
hose rose
habit (héébet) rabbit (réébet)

1) We don‟t have any HOPE. [esperança] 2) Please, give me that HOSE. [mangueira]
We don‟t have any ROPE. [corda] Please, give me that ROSE. [rosa]

3) Can you HIDE the bike? [esconder] 4) He has an old HABIT. [ hábito, vício]
Can you RIDE the bike? [andar de] He has an old RABBIT. [coelho]

/n/ /em/
kin (kên) king (kem)
sin (sên) sing (sem)
win (wên) wing (uiim)
hun (hân) hung (rá)
tan (téén) tang (tem)
thin thing
ran (réén) rang (rem)
ban (béén) bang (bem)
ton (tân) tongue
bun (bân) bung (bam)

1) He is my KIN. [parente] 2) Do you like to SIN? [pecar]

He is my KING. [rei] Do you like to SING? [cantar]

3) We don‟t like the BAN. [proibição] 4) They have a TON. [tonelada]

We don‟t like the BANG. [páncada] They have a TONGUE. [língua]
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PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES

O “h” inicial das palavras, em inglês, é pronunciado expirando levemente.

have head – cabeça half

has hair – cabelo heart – coração
here hen – galinha help
house ham high – alto

“tle” = tal “ble” = bal “gle” = gal “ple” = pal “dle” = dal

angle - ângulo simple – simples agreeable – agradável

tangle - enrolar sensible - sensato capable - capaz
able - capaz little - pequeno possible - possível
noble - nobre candle - vela impossible – impossível
incredible - incrível middle - meio

“o”, “ou” – a

some compass - bússola honey – mel

come double – dobro money - dinheiro
something – algo rough – rude, áspero monkey – macaco
comfort – conforto tough – forte mother – mãe
color – cor touch – tocar from
company - companhia love – amor
 84

R E V I EW

1) O verbo to DO – fazer no sentido

executar:I don‟t want to DO this.
She doesn‟t DO anything in the morning.

2) O verbo to MAKE – fazer no sentido construir, fabricar:

How do you MAKE bread. I can‟t MAKE
pizza.

3) Qualidades: GOOD
BAD
STRON
G
TURBO WEAK
(wik)OLD
VERY + YOUNG
(yan)
PRETTY
UGLY
CHEAP
(tchip)
EXPENSIVE

4) Where: BEFORE AFTER NEAR FAR FROM

5) When: ALWAYS NEVER USUALLY SOMETIMES

DURING ONE TIME ON TIME BEFORE AFTER

6) A palavra TIME tem vários usos:

Tempo – I don‟t have time. We have very little time.
Hora – What time is it? What time do you want to go?
Vez – I eat three times a day They go to church one time on Sunday.

7) WHAT – WHERE – WHEN – WHY – WHO –

HOW “HOW MUCH” - “HOW MANY”

8) Uma palavra que dá seqüência é

SO.I need money, SO I have to
work.
We want to go, SO we have to buy the tickets.

9) SO também funciona como tão:

I am SO happy today. TURBO
This car is SO expensive.
 85

L E S S O N FI F T E E N

OBJECTS
COUSIN (kâzn) - primo(a) CHRISTMAS

MAID EASTER (ístr)

DOCTOR TRIP – viagem

KITCHEN HOUR (áuor) – hora [60 min.]

DISHES MINUTE – minuto

 86

TURKEY CUT

ARM GAME - jogo

VERBS
TO LURN / LURND – aprender
I want to learn your name. He can learn the game.

TO WAK / WAKT andar, caminhar

I like to walk to the store. She can‟t walk yet.

TO WASH / WASHT
You need to wash the car. She wants to wash the dog.
 87

TO TAK / TAKT
I need to talk to you. They never talk with us.

TO HURT / HURT ferir, machucar, doer

I don‟t want to hurt you. She hurts me.

QUALIFIERS
WHO – quem
recebe o som “s” ou “z” como na
Quando usamos WHO, o verbo
3ª pessoa do singular:
WHO wants to work with me? Do you know WHO likes fish?

Comparativos
MORE (... )THAN LESS (. .. ) THAN
( Big,
happy, tired, expensive, far .. )
o mais ( ) o menos ( )
a mais ( ) a menos ( )
) ... de THE LEAST (...)
os mais ( ).. de THE MOST (...) os menos (
)
as mais ( ) as menos (

GOOD (gôd) – bom BAD – mal

BETTER THAN – melhor que WORSE THAN – pior que
THE BEST – o melhor THE WORST – a pior
 88

IMPORTANTE MEMORIZAR
 89

EXPRESSIONS

“AT THE VERY WORST” – “no pior dos casos”

“A DAY” / “ PER DAY” – “por dia”
TIMES “A WEEK” / “ PER WEEK” – “por semana”
“A MONTH” / PER MONTH” – “por mês”
“A YEAR” / “PER YEAR” – “por ano”

“FOR BREAKFAST” – “no café da manhã”

“FOR LUNCH” – “no almoço”
“FOR DINNER” – “na janta”

“HOW MUCH” – quanto [quantidade]

“HOW MANY” – quantos [numeral]
“WAIT A MINUTE!” – “Espere um minuto!”
“JUST A MINUTE!” – “Só um minuto!”

GRAMMAR

BIG PARTY – festa grande

NEW STORE – loja nova
LITTLE GIRL – menina pequena
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1. You need to LEARN the lesson. 2. We like to WALK to the church.

I can‟t this. He never to the beach.I
Do they want to English? usually for two hours.
They never . She can to your house.

3. He needs to WASH the horse. 4. We need to TALK with you tomorrow.

They want to their car. Can the baby ?
You need to your kitchen. Can she to me?
The maid the dishes I always to her at church.

5. I have a GOOD car. 6. They don‟t want to HURT the animal.

I have a wife. Sorry that I you.
We have a teacher. This cut doesn‟t very much.
He has a job. I my arm in the game.

7. Do you know WHO likes turkey? 8. He has a BETTER car.

is your new doctor? You don‟t have a wife.
washes the dishes for you? Our class is than their class.
I don‟t know does these things. Do you want to be a doctor?

9. She is the BEST maid. 10. He is a BAD teacher.

We are friends. This is a time.
Who has the car? Don‟t be a boy.
This is the store. You don‟t want a maid.

11. This car is WORSE than that car. 12. You are the WORST student.
Your cut is than my scrape. They have the job.
This year is than before. That is the trip.
She washes dishes than I. My cousin is the boy.
 90

13. I eat only two times A DAY. 14. HOW MUCH time do we have?
We study one time . fruit do you want to buy?
They go five times . meat do they want?
He drinks water four times . is this car?

15. HOW MANY children do you have? 16. I like eggs FOR BREAKFAST.
birds do you see? He eats meat FOR LUNCH.
Do you know girls are here? What do you want FOR DINNER.
hours does this take? We want something .

PHRASES

1. I don‟t know how to do this. Do you want to help me?

2. I don‟t need to write to them this week. I can write next week.
3. He wants to go to the store with Sally, so he needs some money.
4. You need to wash the dishes before we can go to the movies.
5. Where can I learn to make those things? You have to go to the class.
6. I talk with my brother in Utah two times a month. He works there.
7. Do you know that maid? How many children does she have?
8. Our manager doesn‟t live in this city. He lives in the country.
9. How much time do we have for this job? We don‟t have a lot of time.
10. They don‟t like to go to the swimming pool with their neighbors.
11. I take my kids to the beach two times per week. They always like this.
12. She doesn‟t take her kids to school. They usually go by bus.
13. I want to buy this book for him. He likes to read these books.
14. Do you want to sell this tape to her? She says she needs a tape.
15. Where do you work? I don‟t work, I only study. My wife works.
16. They want to give you a ticket to Disney World. They like you.
17. You can make anything but rice. We don‟t like to eat rice.
18. You need to take them to the beach on Wednesday.
19. Our old neighbor never closes his windows. Maybe he wants to.
20. We don‟t have any information about the test. It is very long.
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L E S S O N SI X T E E N

SOUND STUDY - Grupos Consonantais de “SONS ESTRANHOS

O passado e o particípio passado dos verbos regulares em inglês são formados pela
adição de um morfema [-d] ou [-ed] ao verbo.
Aqui também se formam grupos consonantais estranhos ao português:

robbed [bd] world [rld] welched [lsht]

begged [gd] armed [rmd] crunched [ncht]
enraged [djd] darned [rnd] minced [nst]
formed [rmd] carved [rvd] linked [ngt]

/w/ /r/
west rest
went rent
wag rag
wage rage
weed read
weep reap
wide ride
will rill
woe row
wit writ

1) You don‟t need to WEEP. (chorar) 2) He is in the WEST room.(sala oeste)

You don‟t need to REAP. (ceifar) He is in the RESTROOM. (toalete)
3) She is not in the WILL. (testamento) 4) Can you see to WEED? (limpar mato)
She is not in the RILL. (riacho) Can you see to READ? (ler)
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PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES -
A letra “u” , em inglês pode ser pronunciada de diversas maneiras.
“u” = a
much – muito cut – cortar
drum – tambor brush – escova
nut – noz ugly – feio
number sun – sol
under – embaixo de fun – divertimento
uncle – tio gun – arma de fogo
dumb – mudo truck – caminhão
duck – pato bus
mud – lama lunch
“u” = iu
union – união utensil - utensílio
universe accuse - acusar
university – (iunevírciti) pupil - aluno
unit – unidade muse - musa
use – usar mule - besta
music fuel - combustível
pure – puro excuse me

“u” = u “w” = W
blue – azul woman
stupid – bobo wear – vestir, usar
fruit what
juice where
tube – tubo when
nutrition (nutríxén) why?
produce – produzir word - palavra
student – estudante wood - madeira
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PARA PENSAR – Lembra que o inglês é um idioma estranho, e não nossa

língua “mãe”. Então as vezes é preciso (e válido) criar lembretes mentais, ou maçetes
para lembrar coisas problemáticas. Como para nós no inglês é difícil sempre de
lembrar PUXE sendo que PUSH em inglês é empurrar, e toda vez que chegamos
numa porta tem que lembrar.

REVIEW

1) Uma palavra que dá seqüência é SO.

I need money, SO I have to work.
We want to go, SO we have to buy the tickets.

2) SO também funciona como tão:

I am SO happy today.
This car is SO expensive.

3) São três maneiras de dizer no natal ou na páscoa ou outra data:

ON Christmas / ON Easter / ON your birthday– no dia
AT Christmas / AT Easter / AT your birthday – no período
FOR Christmas / FOR Easter / FOR your birthday – a razão por que

4) A palavra TRIP é viagem. 5) Temos o verbo TO HURT:

O verbo TRAVEL é viajar. I HURT their dog.
I need to make a TRIP. She always HURTS me.
I need to TRAVEL.

6) WHO é quem e o verbo tem “s” no final:

WHO needs this book?
Do you know WHO wants to go?

7) Comparativos. GOOD BETTER THAN THE BEST

BAD WORSE THAN THE WORST

8) HOW MUCH – quanto [quantidade]

9) HOW MANY - quantos [numeral]

10) FOR BREAKFAST – no café

FOR LUNCH – no almoço FOR DINNER – na janta

11) No inglês a adjetivo vem antes do substantivo:

BIG BOY – menino grande
OLD HOUSE – casa velha
NEW STORE – loja nova Treinar muito!
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L E S S O N SE V E N T E E N

OBJECTS

UNCLE tio FOOD

AUNT – tia COOKIES

BOX CAKE

CORNER DESSERT
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GARAGE ICE
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BIRTHDAY ICE CREAM

FARM PINEAPPLE

ROAD AVOCADO

BUILDING ROAST

VERBS

NEED / NEEDED I needed to finish this. She needed to go with us.

SPEAK / SPOKE I spoke to your father. They spoke at the meeting.
DRINK / DRANK He drank a lot tonight. We drank juice last night.
EAT / ATE We ate turkey for Christmas. They ate fish.
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QUALIFIERS
ALREADY (alrédi) – já
ALL – todo, toda
EVERY – todo, cada
EACH - cada
YESTERDAY - ontem
LAST – último, passado
(last week)
POOR – (pór) - pobre
RICH – (rêtch) - rico
SAD – triste
RIGHT – certo
WRONG – errado
WONDERFUL – maravilhoso
EXCITING - emocionante

EXPRESSIONS
“SODA” - refrigerante
“SOFT DRINK” - refrigerante
“A LITTLE” (lêrol) – um pouco
“HOW LONG” – quanto tempo
“WHAT ABOUT...?” – que tal...?
“WHAT HAPPENED” (hépend) – O que aconteceu?
“DAY BEFORE YERTERDAY” - anteontem
“NIGHT BEFORE LAST” – anteontem à noite

GRAMMAR

I DIDN‟T LIKE.
SHE DIDN‟T WANT.

DID YOU GO ? – você foi?

DID HE LIKE ? - ele gostou ?
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-FRAMES-

1. We NEEDED to study tonight. 2. She SPOKE to the manager .

She to help me. I with your father.
They their mother. The girl to them.
I to go. We to your mother.

3. He DRANK beer at the party. 4. The kids ATE the food.

They juice with their lunch. We the cookies in the kitchen.
I never coffee. Your sister all the cheese.
She wine at the dinner. They our dinner.

5. She ALREADY ate her dinner. 6. I know ALL your family.

They can speak English. She knows their birthdays.
It‟s ten o‟clock. We ate the cake.
The taxi is here. Do you know the names?

7. I go to school EVERY week. 8. I need the name of EACH boy in the class.
We study lesson. She already finished cake.
I know corner of this city. He started conversation.
They want to buy pineapple. They want to take one for daughter.

9. Did you go to work YESTERDAY? 10. I spoke LAST week.

Did she do her homework ? She spoke year.
Did you go to the beach ? They wanted to speak night.
We didn‟t close the store . He is the boy.

11. I want to help my POOR friend. 12. I have a RICH uncle.

Can you see the children? We know a man.

This is a city. Frank is very .

The teachers are very . You have to be to live there.

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13. The teacher doesn‟t like SAD students. 14. You need to do the RIGHT thing.

Today is a very day for us. He never does what is for him.

You don‟t want to be today. Do you know the road to go?

I see my mother. You didn‟t buy the ice cream.

15. Why did you go the WRONG road? 16. I have WONDERFUL friends.

This is the book. She has parents.

They have the box. You have a family.

That is the building. These are cookies.

17. They need to buy more SODA. 18. I need A LITTLE more time.

We like to drink . We still have food.

I drank at the party. She only ate dessert.

She doesn‟t drink . It needed ice.

19. We DIDN‟T like the new manager. 20.Do you know HOW LONG we‟re here?

They speak to us yet. I don‟t know it can take.

I do my homework. do you know this girl?

She want to go to the beach. can we stay?

21. WHAT HAPPENED at the bank yesterday?

Do you know here?

with your car?

I don‟t know to him.

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22. We didn‟t work DAY BEFORE YESTERDAY.

She didn‟t study .

Where did you go ?

They drank beer .

23. DID they study with you?

you know the boss?

she work yesterday?

PHRASES

1. I needed to talk with my uncle yesterday morning about the farm.

2. She spoke very much at my party. She spoke about her family.
3. I ate cookies, cake and pineapple for breakfast yesterday.
4. They drank all the juice at the school party. I didn‟t eat anything.
5. I already spoke with my boss on Monday about his birthday.
6. Did you eat anything before the class today? I ate some cake.
7. I have to go home now, because my son doesn‟t like to stay by himself.
8. We spoke with our parents about their exciting trip to New York.
9. I drank a glass of milk, because I didn‟t want to have dinner.
10. Did you say to him why we didn‟t go there yesterday? No, I didn‟t.
11. How did you know where I lived? I needed to talk to you about this.
12. Each year we learn more and more about his family.
13. Did you know that Frank wants to go to the movies with you?
14. My brother eats avocado for dessert. I always prefer ice cream.
15. Her boss didn‟t like the coffee. She makes coffee every day.
16. Those children never come to any meetings. They live very far.
17. Why do you have to go now? Because I have to get up in the morning.
18. How many times a year do you go to visit your relatives?
19. What happened to your uncle day before yesterday? He drank a lot.
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20. She says, she can‟t understand why these are so expensive.
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L E S S O N EI G H T E E N

SOUND STUDY -
Grupos consonontais de “SONS ESTRANHOS”

Certos grupos consonontais em início de palavras, por serem estranhos

ao nosso sistema, acabão recebendo uma vogal de apoio – uma reação normal – mas
que cria problemas:
estate – patrimônia state - estado
espy - avistar spy - espionar, espião
espouse - desposar spouse - cônjuge
esteem (estím) – respeito steam - vapor
estrange – afastar strange - estranho
Islam – islã slam – bater com força

SOUNDS EXERCISES
sons semelhantes

A produção correta dos alofones pode ser difícil de superar.

/b/ /p/
bear pear (per)
bin pin
bay pay
bark park
bill pill
bun (bân) pun (pân)
bunch punch
bus pus (pâs)
beach (bitch) peach (pitch)
ball pall

1) Do you want the bill? (conta) 2) The BARK is very dark.(casca de árvore)
Do you want the pill? (pílula) The PARK is very dark.(parque)

3) We didn‟t buy BEARS. (ursos) 4) She has an old BUN . (pãozinho)

We didn‟t buy PEARS. (peras) She has an old PUN . (jogo de palavras)

5) Can you see the BALL? (bola)

Can you see the PALL? (paleta)
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1) This is a very sad DALE. (vale) /d/ /t/

This is a very sad TALE. (conto) dame tame
deer (dír) tear (tir)
2) To drink is the DOOM of many. (destino) deem (dim) team (tim)
To drink is the TOMB of many. (túmulo) doll tall
dale tale
3) Give them more DIPS. (mergulhos) dare (dér) tear (tér)
Give them more TIPS. (dicas) den ten
duck tuck
4) I can see many DUCKS here. (patos) dent tent
I can see many TUCKS here. (pregas) dip (dêp) tip (têp)
doom tomb (túm)
Dick (dêk) tick

/g/ /k/
1) That is a very small GAUGE. (bitola) goal (gôal) coal (cóal)
That is a very small CAGE. (gaiola) gall call
goat (gôt) coat (côt)
2) She can‟t see the GUARD. (guarda) gauge cage
She can‟t see the CARD. (cartão) ghost (gôst) coast
gash cash
3) He never sees the GHOST. ( fastama) gauze (gaz) cause (cáas)
He never sees the COAST. (litoral) gay kay (kei)
gold cold
guard (gárd) card (cárd)
4) They always like to buy GOATS. (cobras)
They always like to buy COATS. (casacos)
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PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES

A pronúncia do “ed” no final dos verbos regulares na forma do passado, pode ser feita
de três maneiras diferentes:

1. “ed”= id – sempre que o verbo terminar por ted ou ded , no passado, pronuncie o
ed:

to end – ended (terminou) to paint – painted (pintou)

to start – started (começou) to rest – rested (descansou)
to want – wanted (desejou) to wait – waited (esperou)
to add – added (acrescentou) to last – lasted (durou)
to invent – invented to decide – decided (decidiu)
to pretend – pretended (fingiu)

2. “ed”= t - o ed é pronunciado t se vier depois de um som surdo como os sons k –

p – s – sh – ch – f – th :

to talk – talked (falou) to kiss – kissed (beijou)

to ask – asked (perguntou) to miss – missed (faltou)
to look – looked (olhou) to dance – danced (faltou)
to like – liked (gostou) to march – marched (marchou)
to stop – stopped (parou) to watch – watched (assistiu)

3. “ed”= d – o ed é pronunciado d depois de sons sonoros como os sons dos

vogais,b, g, j, l, m, n, r, v, z, th:
to play - played to clean – cleaned (limpou)
to fill – filled (encheu) to explain – explained (explicou)
to call – called (chamou) to answer–answered (respondeu)
to cry – cried (chorou) to change – changed (trocou)
to show – showed (mostrou) to live – lived

“ee” = i “ea” = i
see (ver) eat (comer)
bee (abelha) tea (chá)
tree (árvore) cream (creme)
need dream (sonho)
seed (semente) eagle (águia)
sleep team (time)
week meat
beet (beterraba) beat (bater)
feet (pés) leave (partir)
 103

R E V I EW

1) HOW MUCH – quanto [não contável]

2) HOW MANY - quantos [contáveis]
3) FOR BREAKFAST - no café / FOR LUNCH – no almoço/ FOR DINNER – na janta
4) O adjetivo vem antes do substantivo:
RICH man OLD house NEW store
5) DESSERT – sobremesa / desert – deserto
6) BIRTHDAY – é dia de nascimento então só usa para quando alguém faz anos e
não uma empresa ou aniversário de casamento
7) O afirmativo no passado adiciona “ed” nos verbos regulares:
NEEDED WANTED
LIKED
Verbos irregulares tem suas formas próprias no passado:
SPOKE ATE DRANK SAW
8) O negativo e o interrogativo no passado muda apenas o verbo auxiliar DO para
DID:
I DIDN „T like the boss. We DIDN‟T go to New
York.I don‟t like the boss. We don‟t go to New York.

DID you like the

cake?Do you like the
cake?

9) ALL – todo, toda 10) EVERY – todo, toda

I work all week. I go to work every day.
They drank all the juice I speak to every girl at the party.

11)EACH - cada 12) I studied LAST week.

I have to study each book two times. She worked with me LAST
Thursday.They need to learn each expression.
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L E S S O N NI N E T E E N

OBJECTS
NIECE (níss) – sobrinha HOLIDAY - feriado

NEPHEW (nêfiu) – sobrinho ANIVERSARY - aniversário

GRANDMOTHER ADVANTAGE - vantagem

GRANDFATHER DISADVANTAGE - desvantagem

WOMAN POST OFFICE - correio

MAN MUSEUM - museu

HUMAN BEING GYM

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DENTIST FACTORY

JUDGE FIELD

CLERK PARK

GUITAR

VERBS
WANT / WANTED
They wanted to go with us. I wanted to see you.
SEE / SAW
She saw the pretty field. We saw them yesterday.
WORK / WORKED
I worked all week. They worked for Bob.
PLAY / PLAYED
 106

My kids played in the park. One time he played sax.

QUALIFIERS
SOON – logo, em breve
AGAIN – de novo, outra vez
BETWEEN – entre (dois pontos)
AMONG – entre (no meio de)
UNDER - embaixo de
OVER – por cima de
ACROSS – através (por cima, do outro lado, cruzando)

EXPRESSIONS
“ALL DAY” – o dia todo
“DAY AFTER DAY” – dia após dia
“NIGHT AFTER NIGHT” – noite após noite
“YEAR AFTER YEAR” – ano após ano
“HOUR AFTER HOUR” – hora após hora
“SOONER OR LATER” – mais cedo ou mais tarde
“THE SOONER THE BETTER” – quanto antes melhor

“FOR SURE” – com certeza, certamente

“I‟M SURE” – tenho certeza, estou certo que...
“I‟M NOT SURE” – não tenho certeza

“to TAKE ADVANTAGE OF…” – aproveitar-se de

ESTA TEM QUE SER MEMORIZADO! – IMPORTANTISSIMO!
“THERE IS” – existe [singular] There is a man at the door.
“THERE ARE” – existem [plural] There are three kids here.
“IS THERE?” – existe? Is there a dog in the car?
“ARE THERE?” – existem? Are there kids at this school?
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EXSISTE / OBJETO / LUGAR

GRAMMAR
BANK MANAGER – gerente de banco
SOCCER GAME – jogo de futebol
ENGLISH TEACHER – professor de inglês

WHO needed? – quem precisou?

WHO ate? – quem comeu?
WHO spoke ? – quem falou?
WHO was? -quem era?

CAN – CAN‟T – poder [presente]

COULD – COULDN‟T – poder [passado]

To BE (passado)

I WAS I WASN‟T WAS I?

YOU WERE YOU WEREN‟T WERE YOU?
HE WAS HE WASN‟T WAS HE?
SHE WAS SHE WASN‟T WAS SHE?
IT WAS IT WASN‟T WAS IT?
WE WERE WE WEREN‟T WERE WE?
YOU ALL WERE YOU ALL WEREN‟T WERE YOU ALL?
THEY WERE THEY WEREN‟T WERE THEY?
 108

-FRAMES -

1. They WANTED to see the animal. 2. We SAW you at the store.

She to speak with you. I your sister yesterday.
He to take the guitar. She says she me.
I to study this afternoon. They your cat in the car.

3. I WORKED all week. 4. My kids PLAYED at the park.

They for my father. They soccer all afternoon.
She in the kitchen yesterday. He with them until 4:00.
We there last year. I never this before.

5. I want to eat SOON. 6. We want to travel AGAIN soon.

We need to go . You gotta do the homework .
They have to sleep . Can you say that please?
He wants dessert . She wants to work .

7. We are BETWEEN two beaches. 8. You are AMONG friends.

They are those buildings. The cats are the trees.
It‟s them. The field is the factories.
The car is me and you. He is those that study.

9. Your book is UNDER the guitar. 10. Now we are OVER the building.
The man was my car. The birds were the fields.
I can see the dog the house. It‟s the new window.
The boy is the tree. The window is you.

11. The cat is ACROSS the road. 12. I worked ALL DAY.
He goes to the church. She didn‟t want to study .
They live the sea. They wanted to stay .
She walks the beach. We played at the park.

13. I have to study DAY AFTER DAY. 14. She studied NIGHT AFTER NIGHT.
They worked at the job. He is at the gym .
we see them play. I have to work .
He plays guitar . We go to school .
 109

15. He wants to see her HOUR AFTER HOUR. 16. I‟M SURE that John wants to go.
They play the guitar . they want to help you.
The human being lives . you can stay here tonight.
the judge saw problems. he saw the advantages.

17. I‟M NOT SURE we have time for this. 18. They need to TAKE ADVANTAGE of the job.
she needs a doctor. He wants to of our time.I
of what I need to do. want to of this bread.
where my nephew is. You have to of your trip.

19. THERE IS a cat at the door. 20. THERE‟RE things in the museum.
some cake in the kitchen. some problems with my car.
I know where a pretty park. five judges in this city.
pineapple for dessert. I can‟t see where advantages.

21. IS THERE more juice? 22. ARE THERE any disadvantages?

any more coffee? children that need to go home?
time to see Jane? many problems today?
a cat in the tree? girls at the party?

23. I spoke with the BANK MANAGER. 24. WHO needs to go to the store?
We didn‟t go to the SOCCER GAME. understands the lesson?
She talked with the ENGLISH TEACHER. is the dentist?
Did you see the POST OFFICE CLERK? Do you know is here?

25. I COULD go to the beach today. 26. I COULDN‟T stay at the hotel.
They do their homework. She give us the information.
We have a wonderful time. He sell his house.
You do the job by yourself. We understand our niece.

27. They WERE at the party. 28. My car WAS very old.
They never on time. The horse so big.
The kids always at school. My dog better this morning.
 110

The cookies with Susan. His house open last night.

PHRASES

1. We don‟t want to go to the States this year. We don‟t have money.

2. I can‟t go downtown with you today. I have to work all day.
3. He worked in my office until noon. Yesterday, he worked until 3:00 P.M.
4. Do you have time to take me to the post office this afternoon?
5. She never writes letters to her grandmother. She doesn‟t have time.
6. He likes to read to his kids at night, then they sleep.
7. They want to come here at Christmas. They always come by train.
8. I need to go to the store again. I didn‟t buy the things I needed.
9. I worked yesterday but I don‟t work today. Today is a holiday.
10. My nephew likes to eat cake and my niece likes to play the guitar.
11. I need to go to the dentist this month. Do you know a good dentist?
12. My children like to play with me on the weekend. We go to the park.
13. Their niece wants to go to the beach, but they have to work tomorrow.
14. Do you like to eat cookies? Bob says he only likes cake.
15. Who opened the door? I don‟t know. I couldn‟t see.
16. I need to take my car downtown. There are many garages there.
17. They always want to do things that we don‟t like to do.
18. They manager usually goes to his job by bus. Does he have a wife?.
19. When do you like to do your homework? Do you do it by yourself?
20. I have to go to the pharmacy. I was hurt by the animal.
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L E S S O N TW E N T Y

SOUND STUDY
Fonemas Consonantais de “SONS ESTRANHOS”

Nessa distribuição dos fonemas sendo a não-ocorrência de certos fonemas

em posição final, no português, cria dificuldades de pronúncia, pois a tendência a se
acrescentar uma vogal de apoio dá origem a uma outra palavra de significado
diferente:
brandy (brandi) – conhaque brand – marca
cookie cook – cozinheiro, a
county (câunti) – condado count – contar
dirty – sujo dirt – terra, sujeira
dusty – empoeirado dust – poeira
monkey – macaco monk - monge
patty (páti) – bolinho achatado pat – tapinha de leve
ready (rédi) – pronto red – vermelho
roomy (rumi) room – quarto, sala, espaço
study (stâdi) stud – tacha, prego, reprodutor
sunny (sâni) – enrolado sun – sol
tidy (taide) – arrumado tide – maré
coffee cough – those
forty (fórti) fort – forte
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SOUND EXERCISES - Sons Semelhantes

/r/ /t/
1) Do you know HARRY? (nome prop.) parry (péuri) patty
Do you know HATTIE? (nome prop.) berry Betty
bearer (bérer) better
2) We can see CAROL. (nome pro.) perish pettish
We can see CATTLE. (gado) Harry Hattie
Erick attic
3) They didn‟t finish the BARREL. (barril) perry petty
They didn‟t finish the BATTLE. (batalha) barrel battle
Carol cattle
4) We started the PARRY. (defesa, em esgrima) Jerry jetty
We started the PATTY. (bolinho)

/ou/ /al/
1) Did he give you the same ROW? (fileira) go goal
Did he give you the same ROLE? foe foal
(papel, desempenho no teatro) bow bowl (boal)
mow mole (moal)
2) She wants to buy a new BOW. (arco) row roll (roal)
She wants to buy a new BOWL. show shoal
tow toll
3) My FOE can‟t walk. (inimigo) sew (sou) soul (soal)
My FOAL can‟t walk. (potrinho) hoe hole (hoal)
dough dole (doal)
4) I was near the HOE. (enxada)
I was near the HOLE. (buraco)
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/iu/ /il/
cue (kíu) kill
chew (tiu) chill
few fill
hew hill
mew mill
ewe (íu) ill

1) You have to CUE the speaker. (dar sinal) 2) She needs to CHEW it. (mastigar)
You have to KILL the speaker. (matar) She needs to CHILL it. (esfriar)

/L seguido de consoante/
boat (bout) bolt (bôlt)
coat colt
code (côude) cold
goad (gôud) gold
hoed (rôude) hold
mode (môud) mold
ode (ôud) old
road rolled (rôuled)

1) That‟s a very old BOAT. (barco) 2) He wants to buy a new COAT. (casaco)
That‟s a very old BOLT. (ferrolho) He wants to buy a new COLT. (potro)
 114

PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES –
“ou” „/ “au” / “aw” = o “ou” = au
brought – trouxe bound – limite
bought – comprou boundary – fronteira
sought – procurou count – contar
fought – lutou counsel – conselho
thought – pensou doubt – dúvida
caught – pegou fountain – fonte
taught – ensinou ground – chão
haunted – assombrado grouch – resmungar
sausage – salsicha hour – hora
cause – causa house
daughter loud – alto-som
laundry –lavanderia lounge – sala de estar
naughty – travesso lousy – sem voltar
nought – zero mountain – montanha
August – agosto mouse – camundongo
Austrália mouth – boca
Austrian – austríaco out – fora
automatic outlaw – a fora-da-lei
automobile – automóvel outside – exterior
auxiliary – auxiliar round – redondo
saw – viu, serra south – sul
law – lei couch – sofá
raw – cru ouch! – ai!
brawn – força bruta about
gout – artrite
 115

“ow” = au “ou” “ow” = ou

now would – condicional low – baixo
cow – vaca should – devia below – abaixo
how could – podia blow – soprar
wow! - oba bow – arco
owl – coruja bowl – tijela
tower – torre bowling – boliche
power – poder grow – crescer
towel – toalha mow cortar grama
town – vilarejo own – possuir
flower – flor row – fileira
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R E V I EW

1) No passado verbos regulares + ed, mas faz 3 sons (éd) (t) (d)
NEEDED (nided) PLAYED (pléid) LIKED (láikt)
2) No passado verbos irregulares tem sua forma própria:
SPOKE ATE (êit) DRANK (draink) SAW
3) O passado negativo e interrogativo troca “DO” por “DID”:
We DIDN‟T want to stay. DID you speak to her?
She DIDN‟T like the food. DID she say anything?
4) ALL – todo, toda
5) EVERY – todo, cada
6) EACH – cada
7) Usamos GRAND para palavras como neto, avó, avô, neta etc...:
GRANDMOTHER GRANDSON
GRANDFATHER GRANDDAUGHTER
GRANDPARENTS GRANDKIDS / GRANDCHILDREN
8) Para pessoas da família já temos:
COUSIN NIECE FATHER BROTHER
UNCLE NEPHEW SON SISTER
 116

AUNT MOTHER DAUGHTER KIDS

9) ANIVERSARY é aniversário de casamento ou empresas etc., passagem de ano.
10) BIRTHDAY é “dia de nascimento” só usado para celebrar o dia em que naceu.
11) O qualificador AGAIN é importante e frequentemente usado.
12) ALL DAY – o dia todo EVERYDAY – todo dia
13) THERE IS – There is a dog at the door.
THERE ARE – There are two boys at the
door.IS THERE?
ARE THERE?
14) CAN (kên) – CAN‟T (kênt) – poder [presente]
 117

COULD – COULDN‟T – poder [passado]

L E S S O N T W E N T Y – ON E

JANUARY (díenueri) DECEMBER (dicémbr)

FEBRUARY (fébiuari) IN - em NOVEMBER (nouvémbr)
MARCH (marte) OCTOBER (aktôbr)
APRIL (eipról) SEPTEMBER (setémbr)
MAY (mêi) AUGUST (ágôst)
JUNE (diún) JULY (diulái)

OBJECTS

RIVER MOTORCYCLE

BLOCK INSTRUMENT

CLUB PRICE
 118

CIRCUS CUSTOMER (câstamr) – freguês

POPCORN CLOWN (cláun)

VERBS
GO / WENT (wênt)
Last night I went to the circus. They went with me.
STUDY / STUDIED
Yesterday we studied a lot. She studied the lesson.
SLEEP / SLEPT (slépt)
I slept at their house. We slept in the car.
LIKE (láik) / LIKED (láikt)
My mother liked the new house. She liked the doors.

QUALIFIERS
EARLY (êrli) – cedo, adiantado
LATE (lêit) – tarde, atrasado
SLOW (slôu) – lento
SLOWLY (slôuli) – lentamente
MIDDLE OF(mêdol) – meio de
ALONG (alan) – junto, junto-a [ WITH]
TOGETHER – junto [duas partes] [WITH]
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EXPRESSIONS
“TOMORROW MORNING” – amanhã de manhã
“DAY AFTER TOMORROW”- depois de amanhã
“NEXT WEEK”
“THERE IS NOT” / “THERE ISN‟T” – não existe (singular)
“THERE ARE NOT” / “THERE AREN‟T” – não existem (plural)
“THERE WAS” – existia (singular passado)
“THERE WERE” - existiam (plural passado)
“BY MYSELF” “BY ITSELF”
“BY YOURSELF” (baiôrseilf) “BY OURSELVES” (baiârselvs)
“BY HIMSELF” “BY YOURSELVES” (baiôrselvs)
“BY HERSELF” “BY THEMSELVES”

GRAMMAR
Para formar o futuro usamos o verbo auxiliar “WILL”.

I go. They learn.

I WILL go. They WILL learn.

She studies It eats

She WILL study It WILL eat.

WILL he go today? WILL they study with me?

He WILL NOT go. They WILL NOT study.
He WON‟T go. They WON‟T study.

WILL you do this? WILL the kids come?

I WILL NOT do this. The kids WILL NOT come.
I WON‟T do this. The kids WON‟T come.
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- FRAMES -

1. I visit my friends in JULY. 2. We needed to work in JANUARY.

We went to the beach in . I went to many parties in .
She wants to come here in . They want to buy the car in .
My class finishes in . She doesn‟t have school in .

3. WE WENT to the circus. 4. I STUDIED all night.

She to the store. He his verbs.
I to his farm. We the English book.
They with us. They at Oxford.

5. She SLEPT in the car. 6. She LIKED the dessert.

They at the hotel. They our food.
We at their house. I your family.
The dog near my door. We to talk with you.

7. I have to sleep EARLY. 8. The store closes LATE.

You need to work . My class finishes very .
We want to go there . The boy was to school.
The party finished . Your bus is today.

9. The cars went SLOWLY. 10. The car is in the MIDDLEof the road.
Please speak ! The animals are in the of the city.
She opened the door . This is the of the trip.
I studied the letter . I didn‟t read the of the book.

11. She wants to go ALONG with you. 12. I don‟t want to see them TOGETHER.
He needs to come with us. The cat and the dog are .
I like to study with friends. You can make juice with wine.
We traveled the road. Jim and Sue live .

13. I have to work DAY AFTER TOMORROW.

We need to go there .
He can finish by .
Do you want to travel ?
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14. THERE ISN‟T any time. 15.THERE AREN‟T any students here.
They say food. more books.
more ice. any good movies.
In this house a door. Did you know customers?

16. We live BY OURSELVES. 17.THERE WERE many children.

We like to study . I know some cats.
We go to the park . dogs in the garage.
We never play . few fruits.

18. She WILL eat the rice. 19. THERE WAS a boy here yesterday.
They go with you. a new building downtown.
I need to sell this. something wrong.
He need to know your name. a lot of pop corn to eat.

20. They WON‟T go to the game.

He says he finish the lesson.
We see you again.
She visit those customers.
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PHRASES

1. Why did you play soccer with your friends in the field?
2. I needed to help my wife, because the maid didn‟t come to work today.
3. She didn‟t open the windows, but she wanted to open the door.
4. I need to write to my customers this month. I didn‟t write in May.
5. We didn‟t go to the circus, because we didn‟t have any money.
6. What did he say to you yesterday? We spoke about his family.
7. I don‟t know why my cousin didn‟t have to work this last month.
8. It didn‟t eat anything all this week. It‟s not very well.
9. We didn‟t finish the homework yet. Do you know how to do it?
10. I was at the bank with my sister. They didn‟t have the money.
11. We saw you at the museum yesterday. Maybe we will see you again.
12. She didn‟t have time to go to the dentist this week. She works a lot.
13. My niece went to Los Angeles last year. I want to go this year.
14. I want to take my kids to the circus. They always like the clowns.
15. He didn‟t have anything to do this week, so he drank alot of beer.
16. I need to have a vacation soon. You don‟t know how much I work.
17. She says there was a chicken in the kitchen. I‟m not sure.
18. We needed to finish the meeting before noon. What time is it now?
19. Jane saw the handsome doctor, and now she wants to know who he is.
20. Will you know the price of these guitars by next week?
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122

L E S S O N TW E N T Y – T W O

PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES

Letras mudas

whole – todo, inteiro muscle (mâsal) – músculo

Christmas often – freqüentemente
could should (shúd) - devia
half – metade talk (ták)
honest – honesto walk (wák)
honour (anr) – honra psalms (sálmz) – salmo
hour

“tion” = xan

nation (neixan) - nação

station - estação
position - posição
addition (adéixan) - adição
invention - invenção
relation - relação
dedication - dedicação
vacation - férias
protection (protécxan) - proteção
reaction - reação
inflation (enflêixan) – inflação
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 126

L E S S O N T W E N T Y - TH R E E

OBJECTS

MECHANIC WATCH

SECRETARY CLOCK

BUSINESSMAN TELEVISION

COP STREET
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BUSINESS (bêznes) - negócio GAS

STATION FLOWER

GAS STATION AIR – ar

VERBS

HAVE / HAD

I had a horse last year. We had to study English.

UNDERSTAND / UNDERSTOOD

I never understood that judge. She understood you.

SELL (sél) / SOLD

I sold my house. They sold their animals.

BUY / BOUGHT (bat)

We bought a new clock. He bought a television.

QUALIFIERS
ALMOST (ólmôst) - quase
TOO – também (final de frase)
ALSO - também, incluido
EVERYTHING – toda coisa, tudo
ALL – tudo ALONE – sozinho
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EXPRESSIONS
“MERRY CHRISTMAS!” - Feliza natal!
“HAPPY NEW YEAR!” – Feliz ano novo!
“HAPPY BIRTHDAY!” – Feliz aniversário!
“REALLY” – realmente, de verdade
“REALLY?” - é mesmo?
“ARE YOU MARRIED?” – “Você é casado?”
“I‟M SINGLE” - “Sou solteiro”
“SHE IS TIRED” - “Ela está cansada.”
“IT‟S HOT - “Está quente”

GRAMMAR
WOULD - usado para formar o “condicional”
We WOULD like to see her.
They WOULD work with us for sure.
I WOULD visit more but I don‟t have time.

She WOULD prefer to go there tomorrow. VERBOS AUXILIARES

DO DON‟T / DID DIDN‟T
SHOULD – “dever” CAN CAN‟T / COULD COULDN‟T
You SHOULD finish your homework. WILL WON‟T
He SHOULD sell his car now. WOULD WOULDN‟T
She SHOULD never drink so much. SHOULD SHOULDN‟T
I SHOULD take you to your house.
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FRAMES

1) Yesterday he HAD to work. 2) I UNDERSTOOD the lesson.

We turkey for Easter. She their problems.
She to speak with you. We your English.
I always have to know a dentist. He my letter.

3) That man SOLD his house. 4) We BOUGHT a new car.

Those kids magazines. They a watch for her.
This woman her bike. I tickets for the circus.
These clocks are . He his television downtown.

5) The train is ALMOST here. 6) I know how to read and write TOO.
It‟s ten o‟clock. She sold her house .
They have finished. They want to buy a car .
I sold the car. He is a clown .

7) She ALSO visited a museum. 8) He bought EVERYTHING in the store.

We need to go home. We saw there was to see.
They sold their swimming pool. She reads in the newspaper.
Those horses are expensive. They help him with .

9) That was ALL there was to say. 10)The poor old lady was very ALONE.
I‟m sure he doesn‟t know city. The girl spoke:”I‟m so !”
We sold our animals. I was with my problems.
Can you give me of you? She doesn‟t like to be .

11)I REALLY want to understand you. 12)I like to give money. “REALLY?”
You talk a lot. She doesn‟t like parties. “ ?”
He knows how to write. He bought ten magazines. “ ?”
Those birds are from Burma. They were cops. “ ?”
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13)That girl is very TIRED. 14)She WOULD prefer to write.

After the trip we were . I never go there by myself.
I know that you‟re . We go,but we don‟t have money.
He was of his job. He like to see you.

15) WOULD you sell your house? 16) You SHOULD always do your work.
they like to go along? They almost be finished.
 128

he have to sell flowers? He give you the money today.

you prefer more meat or fish? I visit my relatives today.

17) SHOULD you do that?

I know about this?
we buy this car?
she read the letter?
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L E S S O N TWENTY - FOUR

OBJECTS

PANTS (slacks) COUCH

SHIRT (shârt) LIVING ROOM – sala de estar

SHOES Mr. (mister) Wilson

DRESS Mrs. (missus) Wilson (Ms.Wilson)

Miss Wilson (Ms. Wilson)

SKIRT

QUESTION GIRLFRIEND - namorada

TRUCK (truak) BOYFRIEND – namorado

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VERBS

to ASK / (AST)ASKED – perguntar, pedir (ASK FOR )

…..OBJETOS

He wa/nts to a!/sk a question. I a/st for a dress.

to ANSWER / ANSWERED(rd) - responder

I couldn‟t answer the question. She didn‟t answer me.

to REMEMBER / REMEMBERED lembrar de (REMIND)

I didn‟t remember her name. I don‟t remember how.

to FORGET / FORGOT - esquecer de

You forgot my birthday! I didn‟t forget the letter.

QUALIFIERS
WHO – quem
WHOSE – de quem, cujo, do qual, dos quais
WHOM – que, quem , a qual , as quais

IF – se I WOULD visit more...if...

IF...........THEN...........
TIRED - cansado
WHOLE – todo, inteiro
ALL
EVERY / EACH
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EXPRESSIONS

“WELCOME TO....” – bem vindo à... to PUT ON – vestir pants

“RIGHT AWAY” – imediatamente to TAKE OFF – tirar shoes
to GET ON - subir, entrar (work,play) PART TIME – meio período
to GET OFF – descer de , sair de FULL TIME – período integral

GRAMMAR

A forma do possessivo fazemos utilizando “ ’s ” depois da pessoa ou

coisa que está possuindo:

My sister‟s car. Mr. Brown‟s wife.

The church‟s windows. The tired little boys‟ shoes.

TO BE

I AM I‟M NOT AM I?
YOU ARE YOU‟RE NOT ARE YOU?
HE IS HE‟S NOT IS HE?
SHE IS SHE‟S NOT IS SHE?
IT IS IT‟S NOT IS IT?
WE ARE WE‟RE NOT ARE WE?
YOU ARE YOU‟RE NOT ARE YOU?
THEY ARE THEY‟RE NOT ARE THEY?

WAS WERE WILL BE CAN BE COULD BE SHOULD BE WOULD BE

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- FRAMES–

1. I want to ASK something. 2. I never have time to ANSWER letters.

She likes to questions. Can you my questions?
Did you the cop? I don‟t know to this.
Can I your name? I know you can the teacher.

3. I don‟t REMEMBER this store. 4. She wants to GET OFF downtown.

Did you to buy ham? Why did you the bike?
We Mrs. Jones. They always the bus here.
I those shoes. He needs to the building.

5. I don‟t want to FORGET you. 6. WHOSE are these shoes?

Did you where you live? I don‟t know dresses those are.
They always to study. telephone number do you
need?
I didn‟t to go to the museum. truck is near the bike?

7. To WHOM did you speak? 8. I don‟t know IF we should do this.

With does she want to start? She‟d know they went home .I
liked the girlI saw. We‟ll ask he came tonight.
We asked him he forgot. you work, then you will have
money.

9. The children are very TIRED. 10. I worked the WHOLE day.
After the game we were . My girlfriend studied week.
The teacher is of class. We talked the trip.
 133

The students are of the teacher. I want to know

the question.

11. The kids like to play ALL day. 12. WELCOME TO our home.
I sold the shoes. Brazil.
I don‟t want of them. my new store.
We went with my parents. the game.

13. I need to go RIGHT AWAY. 14. I have to GET ON the bus now.
She needed to buy the dress . They want to this train.
We want to go . Did he the plane?
He answered the question . Can I your horse?

15. She wants to TAKE OFF her shoes. 16. I need to PUT ON my shirt.
They need to the dishes. They need to their shoes.
I didn‟t the new shirt. We want to our pants.
I saw him his pants. Did you the dress I like?

17. Do I always have to REMIND you?

Please me about the game tomorrow.
This paper is to you of the test.
I usually have to them to buy pants.
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PRACTICE PHRASES

1. When I went to the beach, I talked to my father about the car problem.
2. I drank wine at the party last night. What did you drink?
3. John lives together with his sister. I asked Mr. Jones about him.
4. I didn‟t eat rice and beans for dinner yesterday. I only ate salad.
5. Did you see the birds in the garden? They are very happy today.
6. Mrs. Johnson lives in that apartment building. She works at the bank.
7. Did you play the new game with your children? Did you know how to play?
8. Last week I visited my cousin at the beach. I slept on his couch.
9. I like to study when I am at home. My sister and I study together.
10. I understand your problem with the maid. She never gets up on time.
11. Whose house is that one on the corner? Maybe it‟s the judge‟s house.
12. Who is her boyfriend? He‟s my cousin Frank. Where does he live?
13. I don‟t know if I can finish the whole test in just one hour.
14. Mr. Perry works downtown in the old bank building. He is a clerk.
15. Did you go to the store by yourself? Did you go by bus or by car?
16. Do you know who is in the living room? It‟s your uncle Jack.
17. I don‟t know if they will remember how to go to the park.
18. I bought a new dress for me to go to the party tonight.
19. Who can answer Mrs.(missus) Anderson‟s question? Will I have to answer it?
20. We need to get off this train right away! There is a problem.
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L E S S O N TWENTY - FIVE
OBJECTS

STRANGER – estranho (pessoa) MEAL (míel) - refeição

FOREIGNER – estrangeiro FRIES (fráis)

NATIONALITY – nacionalidade HAMBURGER

COAT PEACH

BAG DESIRE (desáire) – desejo, vontade

CAMERA NEWS - notícias

FURNITURE - mobília, móveis OPPORTUNITY - oportunidade

PIANO CAN

HEALTH – saúde
 136

VERBS

to STOP (stáp) / STOPPED(stapt) – parar

I can‟t stop the car. He‟ll have to stop the meeting.

to DRIVE / DROVE (dróuve) – ir de carro, dirigir, pilotar, impulsionar

We drove to the store. I don‟t know how to drive.

to WAIT (to wêit) / WAITED – esperar

We had to wait for the bus. I don‟t like to wait.

to LAUGH (to láf) / LAUGHED(láft)(laugh at) rir, dar gargalhada

We all laughed at the party. You never laugh.

QUALIFIERS

SICK (sic) - doente

FAST – rápido , ligeiro

STRANGE – estranho (adj.)
SPECIAL - especial
SILLY – tolo , bobo, ridículo
 137

AGO – atrás (tempo)

SINCE – desde, desde que, sendo que
WHILE (as) - enquanto
AS – como, conforme
LIKE – como, do mesmo modo, parecido
CLOSE TO – perto de

EXPRESSIONS
“AS USUAL” – “como sempre”
“NEVER MIND” – “não importa”, “esquece”
“ALL RIGHT” – “certo”, “está bem”
“WELL,...” – “Bem,. .. ”
AS.....AS – tão ...... como
NOT AS...... AS – não tão ..... como
“AS SOON AS” – assim que
“WHAT‟S JOHN LIKE?” - como é João?
“WHAT DOES HE LOOK LIKE?” – qual é a aparência dele
to Be SICK – estar doente
to FEEL SICK – se sentir doente
to Be ABLE TO - poder, estar em condições de

GRAMMAR
WILL BE + Adj. WILL BE + ABLE TO
- Will be fun - Will be able to work
- Will be happy - Will be able to go

WILL NOT BE

SHOULD BE WOULD BE CAN BE COULD BE

SHOULDN‟T BE WOUDN‟T BE CAN‟T BE COULDN‟T BE
 138

FRAMES

1. We had to STOP the party. 2. I didn‟t know to DRIVE.

The horse didn‟t want to . She can my car if she wants to.
I have to at the bank. We to the beach every afternoon.
He didn‟t the meeting. Which car do you ?

3. I don‟t want to WAIT for the bus. 4. He doesn‟t usually like to LAUGH.
She didn‟t for me yesterday. Sometimes we at the clowns.
Why can‟t you for your sister? I never see her .

5. I am very SICK today. 6. It is a FAST horse.

We are very today. You have a camera.
They‟re very today. We aren‟t very .
She‟s very today. You shouldn‟t drive .

7. I know a STRANGE man. 8. Saturday will be SPECIAL for us.

She spoke to the woman. I made a meal for you.
We like to read books. She bought a bag.
Your brother is very . You are a very person.

9. My sister is a SILLY girl. 10. She had the party two weeks AGO.
That‟s a question. We went to Japan one year .
We all say things. I bought this furniture one day .
He bought a coat. You had the opportunity three hours .

11.SINCE when do you work here? 12. I work WHILE they study.
I work here last year. Can you see you sleep?
He has to wait he‟s late. You should work you can.
We have no news yesterday. I drive he sleeps.
 139

13.The job finished AS you wanted. 14.You shouldn‟t drive LIKE he drives.
She is a new baby. They need to speak she speaks.
Do you see things I see them? They play children.
We live a big family. He talks a foreigner.

15.I live CLOSE TO your house. 16.The game WILL BE very fast.
She is the door. She happy to go home.
My house is the park. I know the books new.
We are the shopping center. If we wait we late.

17. Tomorrow he WILL BE ABLE TO go home.

Now we finish our work.
Soon they start classes.
He says we stop at the gas station.

18. They WON‟T BE ABLE TO work.

You stay.
We help.
I wait.
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PHRASES

1. I needed to take my daughter to the dentist this morning.

2. He didn‟t learn how to work with the truck nor with the bus.

3. I want to write a letter to the newspaper. Do you want to help me?

4. She doesn‟t like to talk to strangers on the street.

5. I drank beer and now I am sick. My wife isn‟t home to help me.

6. We laughed all afternoon. Mr. Johnson is a very silly man.

7. The maid washes the windows every Friday. She‟s not married.

8. The teacher needs to understand better my son. He‟s not able to study.

9. I opened a can of peaches for them. Last night they ate with us.

10. I finished my lesson before her. She is not very fast.

11. She read in the magazine about our country. She liked the news.

12. I want to cook a special meal for my parents. They like fish.

13. I sold my furniture because I want to go to the States this year.

14. She works while I study. She is very happy with her new job.

15. Did you buy the cake for you neighbor? How is she today?

16. What time did you come home from the soccer game last Thursday.

17. Do you live close to downtown? No, I live on the beach.

18. I always visit my friends on Wednesday. We like to drink beer.

19. I want to play but I need to work. That‟s very strange.

20. Did you talk with the stranger? I spoke with him one hour ago.
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LESSON TWENTY-SIX

OBJECTS

EXERCISE WALL

BARBECUE BED

SANDWICH JACKET

FILM MEN

AIRPORT WEMEN

PILOT(páilet) BALL
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ZOO END – fim

ROOM DRIVER

TOWEL ACCIDENT

ROSE BABY

VERBS
to LOSE / LOST - perder, ficar sem (objeto, competição)
Did you lose your books? They lost the game.

to MEAN / MEANT - significar, querer dizer, pretender, tencionar

Do you understand what I mean? What do you mean?

to CHOOSE / CHOSE - escolher (choice)

He chose his friend. I‟ll always choose you.

to FIND (faind) / FOUND - achar - descobrir (“to FIND OUT”)

I need to find a restroom. Did you “find out” where she lives?
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QUALIFIERS

BEHIND – atrás de NICE – bom, bonito, agradável

UNDER – debaixo, embaixo de, sob DELICIOUS - delicioso
NEXT TO - junto a, ao lado de SMART – esperto, inteligente
WITHOUT - sem DIFFICULT – difícil HARD - duro
UGLY – feio EASY - fácil
FUNNY – engraçado SO – então, por isso, tão

EXPRESSIONS
“CONGRATULATIONS” – parabéns
“SO FAR” – até agora
“ON PURPOSE” – proprositadamente
to “LIE DOWN” – deitar-se
“LOST AND FOUND” - achados e perdidos
“Are you in Rio?... I MEAN São Paulo?” – quer dizer

GRAMMAR
TOO FAR – longe demais

TURBO TOO BIG – grande demais INTONAÇÃO

TOO SLOW – lento demais

TOO MUCH – demais (quantidade)
TOO MANY - demais (contáveis)

MANAGER – gerente SINGER - cantos

BUYER – comprador CARRIER - carregador
TEACHER - ensinador PLAYER - jogador
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Em inglês formamos gerúndios e particípios com o sufixo – ING nos verbos.

I‟M READING – estou lendo
YOU‟RE HELPING – você está ajudando {1} TEMPO CONTÍNUO
HE‟S SLEEPING – ele está dormindo
SHE‟S COOKING – ela está cozinhando To BE + ( )ING
IT‟S STARTING – está começando
WE‟RE SELLING – estamos vendendo
YOU‟RE LEARNING – vocês estão aprendendo
THEY‟RE CHOOSING – eles estão escolhendo

A WALKING DOLL – uma boneca andante.

A WORKING MOTHER – uma mãe trabalhadora. {2} ( )ING = ****
A SLEEPING BABY – um bebê adormecido.
{3}
To walk = walking WALKING IS GOOD EXERCISE – andar é bom exercício.
To work = working WORKING IS DIFFICULT TO LIKE – trabalhar é difícil de gostar.
To drink = drinking DRINKING TOO MUCH ISN‟T GOOD – beber demais não é bom.

HE STARTED WORKING – Ele comçou a trabalhar.

I STARTED PLAYING – Comecei a jogar. {4} start,begin,finish,stop,quit ( )ING
THEY FINISHED DOING – Eles terminaram de fazer.

No inglês usamos a forma do “perfeito” ou na forma simples ou progressiva, para expressar uma
ação que começou no passado e ainda continua no presente:

O presente “perfeito” no inglês é formado com o presente do verbo HAVE usado com o
particípio do verbo principal.

He has lived here for a year.

- Faz / Há um ano que ele mora aqui.
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I have been studying French for three months.

- Faz / Há três meses que estou estudando francês.

I haven‟t spoken English for a long time.

- Faz / Há muito tempo que não falo inglês.

I have gone to California one time a year during these last five years.
- Tenho ido a Califórnia uma vez por ano durante estes últimos cinco anos.

Have you seen my new car?

- Você já viu meu carro novo?
PARTICÍPIO USO #2
BE + particípio

- This is done. This can‟t be eaten.

- He will be finished. They should be paid.
- It was bought. It wouldn‟t be understood
.

SHOULD BE
WOULD BE
CAN BE
COULD BE
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FRAMES

1. Did you LOSE your books? 2. I MEAN to visit you this week.
I don‟t want to this jacket. What do you ?
How did you your shoes? She always says what she .
He never the ball. Does this I have to leave?

3. You need to CHOOSE which ball. 4. Where did you FIND that rose?
Can I the next film? We couldn‟t the airport.
I to stop participating. They didn‟t the pilot yet.
You have to a towel. I can never time for exercise.

5. Your jacket is BEHIND the door. 6. Your book is UNDER the piano.
The room is that wall. The baby isn‟t the bed.
The towels are the bed. There is something here.
My car isn‟t this store. They live the bridge.

7. The towel is NEXT TO the bag. 8.This horse is very FAST.

The stranger is the window. Your car is very .
The men are the truck. He plays piano .
The airport isn‟t the zoo. That foreigner speaks .

9. She bought an UGLY dog. 10. That movie is very FUNNY.

They have a very house. The clown at the circus is .
They only found furniture. We laughed at the stranger.
He says many things. He is a waiter.

11. She is a very NICE girl. 12. This meal is DELICIOUS.

You have parents. The sandwich is .
This is a room. We had a barbecue.
You should be a son. Peaches are .
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13. Your dog is SMART. 14. This test is very DIFFICULT.

She said the boy is . Her name is to say.
I have children. It‟s to choose.
A pilot has to be . The game is very .

15. This book is EASY to study. 16. You are really SO special.
It‟s to find my house. This train is fast.
It‟s to lose the game. Those birds are ugly.
More film is to buy. Your kids are nice.

17.The airport is TOO far. 18.You are LEARNING English.

This building is old. She is SPEAKING with her father.
Our work is difficult. Are you LIVING with your family?
This book is strange. They are CHOOSING a new player.

19. He HAS LIVED here for a month.

They here for years.I
here since 1987.
She in this city many years.
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PRACTICE PHRASES

1. We went to a party on the farm last Sunday. We had barbecue for lunch.
2. You should be studying with that student. He knows everything.
3. She never had the opportunity to study, so she won‟t be able to read.
4. The waitress asked if we are foreigners. “Well, we aren‟t from here”.
5. The accident happened because the student driver didn‟t know English.
6. The whole class said goodbye. Sooner or later they will come again.
7. I ‟m sorry I didn‟t go to your mother‟s birthday party.
8. I have never gone to the States, but I will be going in a few months.
9. He said there are no opportunities for him here. I really don‟t think so.
10. I always forget your name. Never mind, it‟s a difficult name to remember.
11. They read and wrote some letters while I slept. She likes to write.
12. I asked Jon. “Have you seen if the sandwiches are behind the couch?”
13. We will not be having class next week because of the holiday.
14. You didn‟t understand what I meant. We shouldn‟t be waiting here.
15. I haven‟t had time to do exercises this week. I‟ve been working.
16. There is a buyer for your house on 4th street. Do you still want to sell?
17. I meant to close the office windows but I forgot. Could you do it?
18. Janet is very happy. She has waited for her birthday all year.
19. Mary‟s health is very good. She has been walking 3 Km, a day.
20. I have gone to California one time a year during these last five years.
21. Congratulations, you cook very well. You should open a restaurant.
22. Your son is very smart. You should talk to him about his new lesson.
23. I‟m drinking too much, my health is not very good. Let‟s go to the doctor.
24. It‟s already twelve o‟clock. We will be late to lunch for sure.
25. The driver didn‟t take the new couch to my office downtown.
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LESSON TWENTY-SEVEN

Nos primeiros módulos concentramos nosso estudo de línguas dentro do contexto

dos SONS. Sons semelhantes e diferentes. O tom da voz e o ritmo também

fazem parte desta primeira base.

Agora nestes últimos módulos vamos concentrar em mais fases
importantes na aprendizagem do inglês, que são:
- Juntando MORFEMAS para formular palavras;
- Juntando palavras para formar sentenças e cláusulas;
- Os significados dos morfemas, palavras e as combinações destas palavras.

LANGUAGE STUDY –
“MORFEMAS” – Formas

Morfemas são as menores partes individuais de um idioma que tem significado.

Morfemas podemser uma palavra inteira ou parte de uma palavra. A palavra “CAT” por

exemplo é um morfema singular. Não pode ser dividido em partes significativas. Porém, a

palavra “CATS” se dispõe de dois morfemas – a palavra cat significando um quadrúpede

da família “felidae”, - e o “s” que significa plural. Este “s” não é usado sozinho em

conversa normal, não sendo então uma palavra, porém, sendo uma parte com significado

das palavras CATS, BOOKS, BOYS etc., sendo então um morfema.Línguas são muito

diferentes na maneira em que juntem e agrupem morfemas.

Observações críticas sobre morfemas e a maneira que são combinados para formar
palavras pode ser muito útil para quem está aprendendo inglês. Por outro lado, não
devemos substituir saber sobre o idioma por realmente conhecer o idioma.
Procedimentos analíticos são ajudas básicas, permitirão ao aluno evitar muitos erros
e facilitarão seu progresso rápido.
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CONTEXT – RYTHM – INTONATION – THINKING

- Animal Babies –

Many baby animals – lions and elephants and turtles and thousands of others – look much
like their fathers and mothers. But many do not. A baby butterfly looks more like a worm than like
a grown-up butterfly. Baby starfish do not have five arms. Oysters when first hatched do not have
shells. Baby toads look very much like fish. Ants, bees, and jellyfish are other animals that change
greatly in looks while they grow up.
Some baby animals weigh millions of times as much as other baby animals. The biggest
baby of all is a baby blue whale. It weighs more than a grown-up elephant.
A horse usually has only one colt at a time. A cow usually has only one calf. One baby at a time is
the rule with elephants, kangaroos, and many other animals. Dogs and cats and pigs usually have
several babies at a time. So do turtles and many others. And some animals have hundreds or
even thousands of babies at a time. A cod fish can lay a million eggs. Not all of them will hatch.
But usually thousands of them do. Only a few live long enough to grow up. Tiny cod are good food
for bigger fish.
Some baby animals are well cared for by their parents. Some are not taken care of at all. A
baby robin would not live long if its parents did not protect it and bring food to it. A baby turtle, on
the other hand, can take care of itself as soon as it comes from its shell.
Some animal babies grow up fast. A hamster is naked and helpless when it is first born. But
baby hamsters grow so fast that a hamster can have babies of its own when it is only two months
old. An elephant, however, stays a baby for two or three years.
Baby animals many times have special names. Baby butterflies and moths are called
caterpillars. Baby toads and frogs are called tadpoles. The list gives the names of some other
baby animals.
BEAR - cub KANGAROO – joey ELEPHANT – calf SWAN– cygnet
CAT – kitten LION – cub FOX – cub TIGER – cub
COW – calf MOOSE – calf GOAT – kid TURKEY – poult
DEER – fawn OYSTER (oíster) – spat HORSE – colt WHALE – calf
DOG – puppy SEAL – pup DUCK – duckling SHEEP – lamb
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OBJECTS

FLIGHT – vôo WEATHER

PASSENGER CLOTHES

COOK PURSE

MAILMAN MOVIE

MENU FLOOR
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BOTTLE PAPER

BOWL PHONE

GRAPES ENVELOPE

TOMATO STAPLER

FAULT – culpa, falta

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VERBS

to RUN / RAN correr, administrar, andar, funcionar,

concorrer
He wants to run to the store. I can‟t run this store.

to LISTEN / LISTEND (to, for) – escutar

I don‟t want to listen to you. He wants to listen for you.

to PLAN / PLANND – planejar

I plannd to study Spanish next. I didn‟t plan anything.

to GET (guet) / GOT (gat) – obter, pegar, conseguir, ficar….

Where did you get that? I got it at the museum.

QUALIFIERS

(to be) COLD – frio

(to be) COOL – refrescante
(to be) RELIGIOUS – religioso
PINK – cor-de-rosa
(to be) READY – pronto
(to be) BRAZILIAN – brasileiro
(to be) AMERICAN – americano
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to ARRIVE(airáiv) – chegar HAPPY (hápi) – feliz

ARRIVAL (airával) – chegada HAPPINESS (hapines) – felicidade
to SURVIVE (survaiv) – sobreviver SOFT (sóft) – suave
SURVIVAL (survaival) – sobrevivência SOFTNESS (sóftness) – suavidade
to ATTEND (atend) – atender, freqüentar COMPLEX(compéx)– complicado
ATTENDANCE (atêndans) – comparência COMPLEXITY – complexidade
ACCORD (acórd) – acordo ABLE(êbol) – apto
ACCORDANCE (acórdans) – concordância ABILITY (abíliti) – aptidão
to FLATTER (fláter) – lisonjear REAL (rial) – real
FLATTERY (flátori) – lisonja REALISM (rialism) – realismo
to BREAK (brêik) – quebrar DYNAMIC (dainâmic) – dinâmico
BREAKAGE (brêikedi) – quebradeira DYNAMTICISM – dinamismo

EXPRESSIONS
“WHOSE FAULT IS IT?” – De quem é a culpa?
to “FALL ASLEEP” – adormecer
to “GO TO BED” – ir dormir
to “TRY ON” – experimentar (roupa)
to “GET SICK” – ficar doente
to “GET WELL” – ficar bem
to “GET OLD”– ficar velho
to “GET MARRIED” – casar-se
to “GET HURT” – ficar machucado
to “GET BLAMED” – ser acusado
“YES, OF COURSE” – sim, é claro
“NO, OF COURSE NOT” – não, é claro que não
“AT LEAST” – pelo menos
“GREAT!” – ótimo!
“HURRY” !! – depressa!!
“IT‟S RAINING” – está chovendo. “IT‟S SNOWING” – está nevando
“IS IT RAINING?” – está chovendo? “IS IT SNOWING?” - está nevando?
“IT‟S NOT RAINING” – não está chovendo “IT‟S NOT SNOWING” – não está nevando
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GRAMMAR to BE (passado)

I WAS I WASN‟T WAS IT?

YOU WERE YOU WEREN‟T WERE YOU?
HE WAS HE WASN‟T WAS HE?
SHE WAS SHE WASN‟T WAS SHE?
IT WAS IT WASN‟T WAS IT?
WE WERE WE WEREN‟T WERE WE?
YOU WERE YOU WEREN‟T WERE YOU?
THEY WERE THEY WEREN‟T WERE THEY?

FRAMES

1. The kids like to RUN. 2. He wants to RUN the company.

I saw him across the field. She doesn‟t like to the factory.
We usually in the morning. You will this office.
She needs to to the store. I need to my business by myself.

3. I want to LISTEN to the man. 4. We need to LISTEN FOR the train.

You have to to me. You should your bus.
They never to us. I have to the mailman.
We want to to the radio. Can you the phone?

5. I need to PLAN the party. 6. I want to GET a new car.

Did you anything for tomorrow? Where did you you shoes?
How can we anything? They went to ice cream.
He doesn‟t to study here. I never the menu.

7. We didn‟t GET TO go. 8. I ate a COLD sandwich.

Did you see the judge? We like to drink beer.
When do you be a pilot? She prefers weather.
You always have what you want. The kitchen floor is .
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9. The water was COOL. 10. Are you READY to go?

Do you have any rooms? The movie is to see.
Yesterday was a day. Can you be at 8:00?
Today the weather is . He is never .

11. I like BRAZILIAN food. 12. I WAS at the bank.

We bought some grapes. I know she with him.
He has a wife. He eating a ham sandwich.
They want a cook. It sleeping on the floor.

13. We never WERE in Texas. 14. It WASN‟T raining in Madrid.

They at your house. She saying anything.
Where you yesterday? He at church Sunday
they in the car? I by myself at the movies.
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PHRASES

1. How many apples did you get? Only five, where is the bowl?

2. The new maid comes here everyday. She doesn‟t live with us.

3. My flight is here. I‟m traveling to Chicago to visit my relatives.

4. He wants to take his kids to the zoo. They will stay until 4:00.

5. It‟s getting late. What time do you plan to make dinner?

6. Their daughter cooks very well. We went to her house last Sunday.

7. When will you finish your homework? I plan to finish tomorrow.

8. Where did you buy those pants? I bought them in Miami last year.

9. I wouldn‟t know anything about this if you hadn‟t said something.

10. They started working late yesterday. After the job they went to run.

11. I didn‟t have the opportunity to try on the new dress you bought for me.

12. We finished planning our party for this Saturday. Listen to this.

13. I should have talked to him yesterday, but I didn‟t have time.

14. Do you know where we could get an envelope for my letter? Yes, of course!

15. How can you listen to that music? The animals are running.

16. The mailman stopped when the dog ran after him. He‟s ready for anything.

17. My family is very religious, but they still have faults.

18. The waiter asked which wine we‟d prefer.

19. I saw two foreigners trying on Brazilian clothes when I was downtown.

20. We have waited too many years to buy a new house. Now we will buy it.
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LESSON TWENTY-EIGHT

LANGUAGE STUDY –
“MORFEMAS” – Formas

Tipos de Morfemas
Cada morfema numa língua tem vária características baseado no seu relacionamento
distribucional com os outros morfemas; na base destas diferenças, morfemas podem ser
classificados de várias formas:

a) morfemas “livres” e “limitados” – certos morfemas podem ser pronunciados

sozinhos, enquanto outros morfemas sempre ocorrem ligados a outro morfema. Por isso:
morfemas que podem ocorrer sozinhos são chamados de formas “livres”; morfemas que não
ocorrem sozinhos são chamados de formas “limitadas”.
b) “Raízes” e “Afixos” – num passo mais adiante com um tipo de classificação similar é
de distinguir “raízes” e “afixos”. Em geral “raízes” são morfemas singulares que levam o sentido
básico da palavra; uma “raiz” é a base da palavra. “Raízes” podem ser livres ou limitados. “Afixos”
são morfemas limitados que correm com “raízes” e que mudam o significado da “raiz” de alguma
forma. Vários tipos de “afixos” acontecem dependendo da maneira que ocorrem com as “raízes”;
prefixos precedendo as “raízes” e sufixos seguindo as “raízes”:
prefixos raiz sufixo
un true
un happy
in valid
cat s
slow ly
accord ance
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OBJECTS

SLEEVE (slív) COURSE (córss) – curso, percurso

GLASSES SCHEDULE - agenda, tabela de

SUNGLASSES horários

CONTACT LENSES IDEA (aidía) – idéia

BATTERY EXPERIENCE - experiência

T. V. (tivi) – FLAVOR – sabor

PACKAGE GARDEN

LADY COLLEGE – faculdade

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BANKER banqueiro HOSPITAL – hospital

OCCUPATION - ocupação ANGER - raiva

DOCUMENT TRY - tentativa

VERBS
to TRY / TRIED – experimentar, tentar
I want to try the rice. He tried to do his homework.

to MEET / MET – encontrar, reunir-se, conhecer

We have to meet the bus. Where did you meet Jane?

to LIE / LIED – mentir

I think he usually lies. You shouldn‟t lie.

to CHANGE / CHANGED – mudar, trocar, alterar

I want to change my clothes. They changed the teachers.
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QUALIFIERS
PAIR – par
pair of shoes
pair of pants

FAVORITE – favorito, predileto

SERIOUS – sério
ANGRY – com raiva
EVEN – sequer, até mesmo
NOT EVEN – nem sequer, nem mesmo
GOOD – bom
BETTER THAN – melhor que
THE BEST – o melhor

BAD – mau
WORSE THAN – pior que
THE WORST – o pior

EXPRESSIONS - BEHIND SHEDULE – atrasado

“I THINK SO” – acho que sim
“I DON‟T THINK SO” – acho que não
“I DO, TOO” – eu (faço), também I (can,will,did,should...),too.
“I DON‟T EITHER” – eu também não I (can‟t,didn‟t,won‟t...),either.
“BY THE WAY” - a propósito
“YOUNG LADY” – moça
“YOUNG MAN” – moço
SKY CAP - carregador de mala (aeroporto)
BAGGAGE CARRIER – carregador de mala (aeroporto, hotel)
BELL HOP – carregador de mala (hotel)
BELL BOY – carregador de mala (hotel)

“I‟M IN A HURRY” – estou com pressa

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to BE IN A HURRY – estar com pressa

to BE HUNGRY – estar com fome
to BE THIRSTY – estar com sede
to BE TIRED – estar cansado
to BE AFRAID (afrêid) – estar com medo
to BE SORRY FOR – estar com pena de
to BE SLEEPY – estar com sono, sonolento
to “HAVE A HEADACHE” – estar com dor de cabeça
to “HAVE A SORE THROAT” – estar com dor de garganta
to “HAVE A STOMACHACHE” (stomaquik) – estar com dor de barriga

GRAMMAR

BEAUTY (bíuti) – beleza FLAME (flêim) – chama

to BEAUTIFY (biutifái) – embelezar to INFLAME – inflamar
JUSTICE (gíostice) – justiça DEAR (díer) – querida, amada
to JUSTIFY (giostifái) – justificar to ENDEAR – fazer-se estimado
LIQUID (líquid) – líquido HARD (hârd) – duro
to LIQUIDIFY (liquídifai) – liquidificar to HARDEN – endurecer
IDOL (aidôl) – ídolo LIGHT – leve
to IDOLIZE (aidoláis) – idolatrar to LIGHTEN – aliviar o peso
PHILOSOPHY (filósofi) – filosofia EQUAL – igual
to PHILOSOPHIZE (filósofaiz) – filosofar to EQUALIZE (ícolaiz) – igualar
JOY (diói) – gozo
to ENJOY – gozar, desfrutar
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SUN – sol
SUNNY – ensolarado
FUN (fan) – divertido
FUNNY – engraçado
FRIEND – amigo
FRIENDLY (frêndli) – amigável
ANGER – raiva
ANGRILY – furiosamente
BOY – menino
BOYISH (boich) – com jeito de menino
SICK – doente
SICKISH – com jeito doente
PIG – porco
PIGGISH – com jeito de porco
CUBE – cubo
CUBIC – cúbico
PERIOD (períod) – período
PERIODIC (periádic) – periódico

FRAMES

1. You need to TRY to eat. 2. She TRIED make bread.

They want to the turkey. We to do our homework.
Can I your swimming pool? He to start the car.
Don‟t to run from me. They have to find work.

3. Where can we MEET you? 4. We MET the judge on Monday.

I want to your sister. They in the park.
He needs to with us. She him last year.
Did you the boss? I her at a party
5. You should never LIE. 6. They LIED about my car.
I don‟t like to . He if he said that.
 164

The man didn‟t about this. We about the document.

7. I want to CHANGE the word. 8.The college CHANGED my schedule.

He always has to the battery. She the idea of the show.
I need to my glasses. How I think has .
Can I my course? He is a man.

9. I have a PAIR of sunglasses. 10. This is my FAVORITE music.

She bought a of shoes. These are my friends.
I need a new of pants. This is his ice creamflavor.
It has a of batteries. That‟s our T.V. program.

11. We have a SERIOUS problem. 12. I don‟t usually get ANGRY.

Mr. Jones is today. She is always .
Your cut is . Please, don‟t be .
Their job is . My girlfriend is very .

13. They EVEN need a new kitchen. 14. You‟re NOT EVEN ready to go.
He wants more money. She‟s at home.
She didn‟t speak to me. They‟re studying.
We don‟t know his address. I‟m angry.

15. I had GOOD time at the party. 16.We were IN A HURRY to finish.
She has a doctor. I‟m to change colleges.
You bought a car. He‟s to meet the girls.
He is a boss. They are never .

17. These ideas are BETTER THAN your ideas.

You can remember things I can.
I read I write.
She cooks she washes dishes.
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PHRASES
1. I have to leave now. It‟s late and I have been trying to go home.

2. My daughter needs to buy a new dress, because she has a party tomorrow.

3. I will meet you at the station. Great, buy they changed my schedule.

4. Mr. Sanchez always asks about his pretty nieces when he visits Brazil.

5. I‟m studying English three times a week, because I want to learn fast.

6. I didn‟t understand anything that he said. What about you?

7. I don‟t know what I want to do now. I finished reading this book.

8. The bell boy tried, but he couldn‟t carry my bag. I laughed a lot.

9. When I have time, I like to play volleyball with my neighbors.

10. Her happiness is real. I don‟t understand what you mean.

11. If you don‟t get ready soon, we won‟t be there on time.

12. I stayed there until three-thirty, then I had to go to the bank.

13. Difficult questions always make me sleepy. They‟re not easy to answer.

14. I was talking to him about business while they washed my car.

15. I took my son to the doctor. The doctor says he needs glasses.

16. If he has so much experience, then I don‟t know why he works here yet.

17. My kids are great. I want to help them while they are still in college.

18. Your daughter is always studying. She‟s the best student in class.

19. It was raining very much while I was talking to him on the phone.

20. Mr. Jones couldn‟t meet us tonight, so I have changed our planning.
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L E S S O N TWENTY-NINE

LANGUAGE STUDY –

MORFEMAS – Formas

Além das distinções entre “raízes” e “não- raízes” (uma diferença de distribuição)
precisamos notar certas outras diferenças entre morfemas baseado no relacionamento dos
morfemas entre si. Estas diferenças são entre morfemas aditivos, multiplicativos,
substituíveis, e subtrativos.

Morfemas aditivos – são os mais comuns. Nestes estão incluídos “raízes” e “afixos”,
chamamos estes de aditivos porque são adicionados uns aos outros. Por exemplo raízes
adicionadas à raízes: blackbird, kingfish, bellhop.

Morfemas multiplicativos – são raízes que são repetidos:

tut-tut, choo-choo, put-put.

Morfemas substituíveis – como seu nome implica, substituem partes de outros morfemas.
Destes o inglês tem muitos. Por exemplo o plural de TOOTH (dente) é TEETH. Para fazer o
plural neste caso o som de “u” é substituído por um morfema substituível “iy”:

plural – objeto – verbo

foot / feet sheath – to sheathe
mouse (máus) / mice (mais) wreath – to wreathe
louse / lice (lais) teeth – to teethe
man / men safe (sêif) – to save
woman / women strife (stráif) – to strive
thief – to thieve
advice – to advise
house (háus) – to house
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OBJECTS

CLASSROOM SIGN - placa, sinal

NOTEBOOK KEYS

SUITCASE MESSAGE – recado

BLANKET LIFE – vida

PILLOW ATTENTION – atenção

BOOTS ADDRESS
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TOYS HIGH SCHOOL – 2O Grau

FRIDGE JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL – ginásio

VERBS
to THINK / THOUGHT – pensar, achar (que)
I need to think about this test. He doesn‟t think.

to SHOP / SHOPPED - fazer compras

We shopped all day. They were shopping for shirts.

to LOOK / LOOKED (like) – parecer

(for) – procurar
(at) – olhar
He looks like a clown. They looked for you. Look here!

to LEAVE / LEFT – deixar, partir, sair

You left your kids downtown. Can I leave this here?
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QUALIFIERS
UP – para cima, cima BLUE – azul
DOWN – para baixo, abaixo RED (réd) – vermelho
ACROSS – através GREEN – verde
TRUE (trúu) – verdadeira, real, verídico YELLOW (iélou) – amarelo
FALSE(fáls) – falso, enganoso, errôneo ORANGE (ôrandi) – alaranjado
BUSY – ocupado BLACK (blék) – preto
OTHER – outro WHITE (wáit) – branco
ANOTHER – um outro, uma outra GRAY (grei) – cinzento
BOTH – ambos BROWN – marrom, castanho
AWAY (awêi) – embora, pra lá PURPLE (pôrpol) – roxo
KIND (káind) – tipo SILVER (sílver) – prateado
ON – sobre, em cima GOLDEN (gôlden) – dourado

EXPRESSIONS
APPLE TREE
PEACH TREE
FRUIT TREE
LUGGAGE (lâgadh) / BAGGAGE (bâgadh) – bagagem
EVERYBODY – todos, todo o mundo
“GO AWAY!”, “STAY AWAY”, “RUN AWAY”
to PAY ATTENTION - prestar atenção
to HANG UP (HUNG UP) – pendurar, desligar o telefone
PROBABLY - provavelmente
to STAND UP (standâp) – ficar em pé
to SIT DOWN –sentar-se
to GET DOWN – descer
“I WISH!” (wích) – quem dera!
“FROM NOW ON” – daqui em diante
“ALL OF A SUDDEN” – repentinamente
“SUDDENLY” – repentinamente
“GIVE MY REGARDS TO ...” - dê minhas lembranças à...
“FOR EXAMPLE” (exâmpol) – por exemplo
“SEE YOU LATER” – até mais tarde
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- FRAMES -

1. I need to THINK about this. 2. I THOUGHT you went home.

They I did this. They we had finished.
I you should go. We they were going along.
You should in English. She much about life.

3. I like to SHOP. 4. We SHOPPED in all the stores.

You need money to . They in the morning.
They‟ll with us. I with my kids.
She has to for a book. She always here.

5. I think you LOOK LIKE a clown. 6. She LOOKED FOR her shoes.
You my sister. We a new house.
They don‟t friends. I the baby‟s bottle.
He a cop. They my son.

7. She didn‟t LOOK AT me. 8. He always LEAVES at 9:00.

They want to the bridge. We want to soon.
Did you the message? I have to you now.
I have to my notebook. They don‟t want to .

9. I LEFT my shirt in your car. 10. I looked ACROSS the street.

We our books at school. We went the field.
They the city after lunch. The cat ran the garden.
She me her address. They didn‟t go the river.

11. This is a TRUE mailman. 12. I‟m very BUSY today.

Your message was not . She was yesterday.
I need the idea. You are always too .
Is that what he said? He likes to be .
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13. I want ANOTHER soda. 14. He is in THE OTHER classroom.

He has girlfriend. I sold bed.
They need teacher. She is sister.
We bought car. I am in city.

15. I knew BOTH parents. 16. You have to go AWAY.

We saw movies. I need to take this toy .
I bought dresses. The children ran .
She has suitcases. She gave my new pants.

17. What KIND of car do you have?

There is only one of ice cream.
I bought two of notebooks.
She sells many of toys.
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PHRASES

1. I think that New York City is beautiful. I went there last year.
2. I want to visit my parents next Sunday. They live in the country.
3. John left early this morning because he is working in another city.
4. They thought we had left the party very early but we were still there.
5. Give my regards to your uncle. I don‟t have is address to write him.
6. I didn‟t plan my schedule for last week because I went to Rio on business.
7. I think the stranger lied about the weather. It‟s not snowing here.
8. There are too many children needing to go to Jr. high school.
9. I didn‟t read the letter yet, but I want to read it after dinner.
10. Suddenly the skycap stopped. He was very tired.
11. Those people are looking for you. I don‟t want them to find me.
12. My mother finished her work, and now she wants to stay here for a week.
13. I need to take my coat downtown to be washed. Who washes your clothes?
14. We didn‟t travel last night because Peter drank too much.
15. The high school teacher lost all his keys. Everybody looked for them.
16. There are some ladies waiting to speak with you about this problem.
17. By the way, did you remember to take some blankets for the trip?
18. That kid said the answer was false. The teacher asked another question.
19. We don‟t have time to finish our shopping today. See you later.
20. I haven‟t looked at a book in years. I really should read more.
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LESSON THIRTY

LANGUAGE STUDY-

Morfemas – Significados

A definição de “morfema” incluiu a frase “partes significativas”. Há um

relacionamento entre o significado e as formas do idioma. Nas línguas, as formas não
podem ser separadas dos seus significados. Não seria interessante e nem proveitoso estudar
apenas os sons de um idioma sem qualquer consideração pelos seus significados. O sistema
de significados de um idioma não poderá ser analisado à parte de suas formas e a
distribuição das mesmas... Não há significado sem formas.
Por isso consideramos estas duas partes – forma e significado – inseparável. O
fato de um idioma ser um sistema formal é indiscutível. Mas o idioma é também comunicação;
um sistema de comunicação com o relacionamento “forma-significado” para sua base.
Toda língua é um sistema de símbolos extremamente complexo, tão complexo que uma
descrição minuciosa de qualquer um levaria uma vida inteira de estudo por um lingüista
profissional.
Precisamos lembrar que há muitas ambigüidades e distinções obscuras dentro do
inglês. Muitos dos contrastes de forma no inglês parecem muito inconsistentes. Distinções
minuciosas dos significados não deveriam nos desanimar nem fazer com que imaginemos
que a pessoa falando está inconsistente. Em fato eles devem nos estimular a dominá-los
como uma maneira de falar eficientemente com as pessoas no inglês.
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OBJECTS

DESK

DRAWER

CUPBOARD (kâbrd)

BATHROOM, RESTROOM

SHOWER (sháuer)

BEDROOM
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CHINESE (tiániz)

FACT (fect) – fato

KNOWLEDGE – sabedoria, conhecimento

GATE

SEAT BELT

SONG – canção, uma música

TIP (têp) – gorteja, dica, ponta

GENTLEMAN (diêntelman) – cavalheiro, senhor

“Ladies and gentlemen...!”

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SUIT (sut) – terno, traje bathing suit

TIE (tái)

WALLET

RIDE - carona
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VERBS
to PAY / PAID (pêid) – pagar
Did you pay the maid? He didn‟t pay us.

to WEAR / WORE – usar (roupa), vestir

I want to wear this dress. What should I wear?

to SING / SANG – cantar

He sings in the bathroom. I like to sing.

to PUT / PUT – por, colocar

Where did you put the box? I put it in the car.

to STAND / STOOD – estar de pé. erger-se, levantar-se, estar em posição

vertical, por de pé, suportar, agüentar.
We can stand next to the wall. He will stand soon.

to RIDE (ráid) / RODE (rôud) – montar, andar de, andar em

Can I ride your horse? We want to ride your bike.

to ALLOW (aláu) / ALLOWED (aláud)

to LET / LET (lét): deixar, permitir
to PERMIT (prmêt) / PERMITTED (prmêted)
Is that permitted? I can let you do this. Why did you allow this?

QUALIFIERS
THROUGH – através de, pelo meio de, por
UNDER (ândr) – em baixo de, debaixo
BESIDE - do lado, ao lado
ON – seguindo em frente.“Go on”, “Pass on”, “Roll on”, “From now on”….
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EXPRESSIONS
EVERYBODY (évribari) – todos, todo o mundo
EVERYONE (évriwan) – todos, todo o mundo
SOMEONE (sâmwan) – alguém
ANYONE – alguém (interrogativo, negativo)
NO ONE (nôwan) – ninguém
PAYBACK – acerto de contas, vingança
BROKE (brôuk) – liso, sem dinheiro
IN FRONT OF – em frente de
to “GIVE A RIDE” – dar carona
to “TURN OFF” (to trnóf) – desligar
to “TURN ON” (to trnon) – ligar
HOWEVER – de qualquer modo WHOEVER – qualquer pessoa
WHEREVER – de qualquer lugar WHICHEVER – quaisquer
WHATEVER – qualquer coisa WHENEVER - qualquer hora
“NEXTDOOR NEIGHBORS” - os vizinhos do lado
“HAVE A NICE DAY” – “tenha um bom dia”
“EVERY OTHER DAY” – “dia sim, dia não”
“HOW OLD ARE YOU?” – “Quantos anos você tem?”
“HOW OLD IS SHE?” – “Quantos anos ela tem?”
“SHE‟S FIFTEEN.” – “Ela tem quinze.”
“I‟M TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OLD.” - “Tenho vinte e cinco anos de idade.”
GRAMMAR “HAD BETTER” – deve (com conseqüências)
- “She had better go.”
(Had + better verbo .) - “You had better („dbetter) stop!”
- “The students („dbetter) go early.”
“ „DBETTER ” Immediate Future
** SEMI-VERBO AUX.** “I‟m going to study.”

“GONNA” “She‟s not going to (gonna) go.”

To be (Going + to verbo .) “What are you (gonna) wear?”
“What are we (gonna) do?”
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- FRAMES -

1. We have to PAY the bill. 2. I think he PAID them.

I want to the ticket. I for my bedroom.
You don‟t have to more. Do you think he .
Can you this for me? She for the suit.

3. Can I WEAR this shirt? 4. She WORE a pink dress.

You can anything.I We our boots.
usually a suit. They nothing in bed.
Are you gonna a tie? I those pants yesterday.

6. You SANG at my party, remember?

5. He SINGS in the bathroom.
She at the club every night.
We think she at church.
She said they sometimes.
She soprano.
They our song.
He always the “blues”.

7. You have PUT the facts on paper. 8. We were STANDING at the station.
Where do you want to the desk? He is near door.
What did you in your cupboards? I‟m under the bridge.
Where did you the wallet? Why are you here?

9. They STOOD with me. 10. I can‟t STAND this anymore!

I your bike there. She couldn‟t the neighbors.
He on the chair. We can‟t the manager.
We at the bank for hours. He will have to the headache.

11. Can I RIDE your motorcycle? 12. He RODE the horse.

Do you want to my horse, too? We the train downtown.
Where did you learn to a bike? I think she on a bus.
I always in the morning. They with us.
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13. Who PERMITED this? 14. He won‟t ALLOW us to go through.

He us to see. She doesn‟t any parties.
When am I to leave? Will he you to wear that?
They the tragedy. I do what the law .

15. Will your mother LET you go? 16. The chair is BESIDE the bed.
We our dog come in. Are you the church?
I them go to the movies. The horse ran the truck.
you!.
Your father won‟t you do that. It‟s

17. I worked THROUGH the night. 18. They live UNDER the bridge.
You can‟t see a wall. We are the 2nd floor.
They went the tunnel. She was water.
I slept the show. It‟s the desk.

19. She‟s not GOING to go. 20. She HAD BETTER pay her sister.
Tonight, I‟m GONNA study. You „DBETTER stop!
What are you GONNA wear? I „DBETTER go.
Do you know what you‟re GONNA say? The meeting „DBETTER finish soon.
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PHRASES

1. My sister doesn‟t like to wash the dishes, but she likes to cook.
2. She wanted to wear her new red blouse next week. Are you going with her?
3. I need to take my two sons to the doctor. Both got sick last night.
4. I shopped for a suit and tie, but then I bought only a shirt.
5. We shouldn‟t allow those sick children to be together with the others.
6. I‟m going to take along both kinds of soda. Do you prefer another soda?
7. My sister is learning how to sing with my cousin. I don‟t like to sing
8. Did you remember the tip? No I only paid the waiter for the meal.
9. You didn‟t understand what I meant. Is the newspaper on the couch?
10. Does your mother cook well? What kinds of food do you like to eat?
11. She said she didn‟t know how to go home from where she was.
12. They opened the window, because it was very hot in the bedroom.
13. How much money does he already have for the trip? He „dbetter have more.
14. How could you allow him to do this? I don‟t know how to help him.
15. Is she waiting for a taxi? Does she want a ride?
16. Where did you put the wine? I put it in the fridge to get cold.
17. She already finished her homework and now she is playing in the park.
18. I thought I saw someone driving your car. By the way, where‟s the key?
19. You „dbetter not go in there. Do you know what you are going to find?
20. Our maid was at the gate. She was riding a green bicycle.
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LESSON THIRTY - ONE

LANGUAGE STUDY-

MORFEMAS – Significados Principais

A ciência de significados se baseia em alguns princípios importantes e definitivos,

os quais devemos entender se iremos descobrir os significados dos morfemas, palavras e
frases. Muitos destes princípios são conexos e alguns são relacionados a outros.

1. Não há sinônimos exatos numa língua. O que queremos dizer é que não há duas
palavras que são completamente equivalentes em seus significados. Por exemplo, as
palavras “TRUTH” (verdade), e “VERITY” (verdade). Podemos dizer “he spoke the
truth”, mas nunca diríamos “he spoke the verity”. Nem no inglês e em nenhum outro
idioma acharemos palavras completamente idênticas.

2. Não há equivalência exata entre idiomas. Temos que aprender que cada palavra em
cada língua tem seu próprio significado especial e que nós não podemos presumir que
as duas línguas têm quaisquer detalhes que concordam. Uma das maiores dificuldades
vem de presumir que palavras parecidas com o português têm o mesmo significado.

3. Ambigüidades ocorrem em todas as línguas. Nenhum idioma é perfeito, nem

mesmo o grego. O hábito de construir piadas (em inglês puns) sobre aparências entre
palavras é quase universal.

4. Historicamente – todas as línguas vão mudando os significados de algumas palavras.

“Kid” – filhote de cabra – começou a ser usado como filhos nossos porque parecem
como “cabritinhos”. A palavra “gay” antes significava apenas “alegre, p‟ra cima”.

5. As formas tem “áreas” de significados. Estamos muito acostumados em pensar nas

palavras tendo pontos específicos de significado, enquanto devemos tratá-las como
áreas de significado. Algumas áreas são extensas enquanto outras são muito restritas,
mas todas são áreas. A palavra LOVE por exemplo tem muitas áreas de significado:
I love my wife, I love to do it, I love apples, I love the way you laugh.
 183

6. As palavras revelam diferenças culturais. Isto é natural porque as palavras

simbolizam os traços da cultura. Em fato não podemos entender a língua de um povo
sem também entender sua cultura.

Uma vez que a pessoa reconhece que a cada palavra de um idioma tem sua
história especial e área de significado, ela evitará muitos erros sérios que vem de
ignorância ou negligência. As palavras não devem ser traduzidas literalmente do inglês
para o português.

OBJECTS

THOUGHT AMUSEMENT PARK

LETTER CLOSET

HUMOR – humor NAPKIN

JUSTICE HAT
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CONCERT GIFT / PRESENT

STADIUM KISS

REPORTER MARRIAGE (ato)

INTERVIEW – entrevista WEDDING (evento)

STORY – estória, conto BRIDE - noiva

HISTORY – história BRIDEGROOM – noivo (fiancé)

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ELECTRICITY – GARTER
 186

SOUP(súp) RING

SOAP VOWS – votos

VERBS

to TELL / TOLD - contar, narrar

I‟m gonna tell you about it. He told us his story.

to PARTICIPATE / PARTICIPATED – participar

He didn‟t participate in the meeting. We participated.

to SIGN / SIGND (saind) – assinar

I didn‟t sign the document. Did you sign your name?

to BORROW / BORROWD – pedir emprestado (FROM)

Can I borrow your bike? He borrowed Jane‟s hat.

to LEND / LENT – emprestar (TO)

The bank wouldn‟t lend me more money. I lent my suit to him.

to DIRTY / DIRTID – sujar

She dirtied my new floor. I didn‟t dirty your car.

to CLEAN (clin) / CLEAND – limpar

 187

Did you clean your room? I have to clean the kitchen.

 188

QUALIFIERS
BEHIND – atrás de SUN – sol
INSIDE – dentro SHADE – sombra
OUTSIDE - fora SHADOW – sombra
DIRTY – sujo SUNNY – ensolarado
CLEAN – limpo SHADY – escuro, sombrio
WRONG – errado BRIGHT – claro, brilhoso
RIGHT – certo AGAINST – contra
HEALTHY – saudável FULL – cheio
WISE – sábio EMPTY - vazío

EXPRESSIONS

ONE – um tal, um certo, um SUMMER – verão

this one FALL – outono
which one WINTER – inverno
any one SPRING – primavera
the big one
ONE PERSON – uma pessoa
TWO PERSONS - duas pessoas
TWO PEOPLE – duas pessoas
INTENTIONAL – intencional
UNINTENTIONAL – não intencional
PARKING LOT – estacionamento
PARKING SPACE – estacionamento, vaga
to“TURN IN TO” – tornar-se
“I‟M AFRAID” – tenho medo, receio
“GO BACK” – volte para lá!
“COME BACK”- volte para cá!
“MADE IN THE SHADE” – fácil, sem problema
to “HAVE TO DO WITH” – ter a ver com
to “HAVE NOTHING TO DO WITH” – ter nada a ver com
to “TAKE TURNS” – alternar, ir por vez
 189

GRAMMAR

HE IS OLD – Ele é velho.

I AM OLDER THAN PETER – sou mais velho que Peter.
JOHN IS THE OLDEST – John é o mais velho.

SHE IS HAPPY – Ela é feliz.

JANE IS HAPPIER THAN MARY – Jane está mais feliz que Mary.
JANE IS THE HAPPIEST – Jane é a mais feliz.
PEGGY IS BEAUTIFUL – Peggy é linda.
SUSAN IS MORE BEAUTIFUL THAN BETH – Susan é mais linda que Beth.
SUSAN IS THE MOST BEAUTIFUL – Susan é a mais linda.

o mais ( ) o menos ( )
a mais ( ) MORE a menos ( ) LESS
os mais ( ) ... de THE MOST os menos ( ) ... de THE LEAST
as mais ( ) as menos ( )

Letters of the Alphabet

Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm
Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
 190

FRAMES

1. He wants to PARTICIPATE tonight. 2. They PARTICIPATED in the show.

I didn‟t in the meeting. She in the interview.
Do you want to in the wedding? I had in the story.
We have to in the game. He in writing the book.

3. Did you SIGN the document? 4. They SIGNED the vows.

I can‟t this paper. I have your passport.
Will you your name? They all their names.
How did you it? She that yesterday.

5. Can I BORROW this? 6. They could LEND their time.

Did she your car? I can‟t any more money.
We need to a napkin. She‟ll her apartment.
She always from him. Jim wants to his suit.

7. Did you TELL her? 8. She TOLD me what happened.

He wants to a story. They where he was.
What can you me? I think he his mother.
There is nothing to . We stories all night.

9. She will DIRTY her dress. 10. They DIRTIED their hands.
Did you the floor?I He my new car.
don‟t want to this. The cat the new couch.
You shouldn‟t your shoes. You the present.

11. Please CLEAN your room. 12. We CLEANED the church.

Can you my glasses?I They never their
want to the closet. garage.I your ball with soap.
He needs to his face. He his floor.
 191

13. We were BEHIND the stadium. 14.The animals are INSIDE the corral.
He is the reporter. My book was your car.
It‟s the door. They are the building.
I am you. It was our garage.

15. There are few WISE men. 16. Your car is DIRTY.
Is that to do? This field is .
Older people are usually . Our windows are .
That‟s a answer. She has napkins.

17. What a CLEAN boy! 18. This is the WRONG store.

It was a job. You made the cake.
Their closet looks . I bought the shoes.
Her boyfriend is very . I chose the feature.

19. You are always RIGHT. 20. My uncle is very WEALTHY.

I have the story. Everyone wants to be .
You have to know the people. I know a businesswoman.
What‟s the time? She chose the husband.

21. This meal is very HEALTHY. 22. We are living OUTSIDE the city.
They have a baby. They put the soap the cart.
You look very . Your tie is your coat.
My animals are all . The dishes are the cupboard.

23. Their glasses are FULL. 24. They are AGAINST the project.
My car is . I put the gift the wall.
The streets are of people. He ran the clock.
The stadium is tonight. She is marriage.

25. The sun is very BRIGHT. 26. They are in the SUN.
Your face is . I left my dog in the .
That color is . The hurts my eyes.
You have a kitchen. I want to stay in the .
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27. Put the baby in the SHADE. 28. Today is a SUNNY day.
I prefer the . This is a city.
We had the meal in the . Yesterday had afternoon.
I hung up my clothes in the . We visited a field.

29. Which ONE do you want? 30.It will TURN INTO something special.
I will take any that there is. They can flowers.
Will this be good? She wants to a lady.
I prefer the blue . He‟s gonna a monster.

31. They didn‟t want to TAKE TURNS

You should always .
With many people you have to .
Can I with you?
 99

PHRASES
1. I looked at her while she looked at the dirty couch. I cleaned the couch.
2. I saw your dog in the street. The children were afraid of your dog.
3. Did you take the gift to your aunt? She liked it very much.
4. I need to clean my closet, then my house inside and outside.
5. I thought that you were working at night. You‟re going to be wealthy.
6. Would you like to try on another dress? This one is very beautiful.
7. She remembered to buy the soap. I knew she was going to buy it today.
8. Did you like the soup last night? I was so good the restaurant was full.
9. I paid the telephone bill and now I don‟t have money for the ice cream.
10. Where did you put the keys? I left them on the table. Didn‟t you see?
11. Is her bicycle in the car? I put it inside the garage.
12. Jack borrowed a coat for the interview. His was at the cleaners.
13. John is telling a story. It‟s one about learning to participate in life.
14. A popular story is usually easy to tell. Can you remember one?
15. That information is easy to get. All that you need is enough money.
16. Sooner or later you‟ll have to borrow something from someone.
17. I can‟t lend any more money to you. You still haven‟t paid me.
18. Jane wanted to have nothing more to do with her boyfriend.
19. He started reading when he was five years old. I think he will be smart.
20. Is it very far to where you live? Never mind, we‟ll go by car.
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FINAL LESSON

SOUND STUDY -
Grupos consonontais de “SONS ESTRANHOS”

Certos grupos consonontais em início de palavras, por serem estranhos

ao nosso sistema, acabão recebendo uma vogal de apoio – uma reação normal – mas
que cria problemas:
estate – patrimônia state - estado
espy - avistar spy - espionar, espião
espouse - desposar spouse - cônjuge
esteem (estím) – respeito steam - vapor
estrange – afastar strange - estranho
Islam – islã slam – bater com força

SOUNDS EXERCISES
sons semelhantes

A produção correta dos alofones pode ser difícil de superar.

/b/ /p/
bear pear (per)
bin pin
bay pay
bark park
bill pill
bun (bân) pun (pân)
bunch punch
bus pus (pâs)
beach (bitch) peach (pitch)
ball pall

1) Do you want the bill? (conta) 2) The BARK is very dark.(casca de árvore)
Do you want the pill? (pílula) The PARK is very dark.(parque)

3) We didn‟t buy BEARS. (ursos) 4) She has an old BUN . (pãozinho)

We didn‟t buy PEARS. (peras) She has an old PUN . (jogo de palavras)

5) Can you see the BALL? (bola)

Can you see the PALL? (paleta)
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1) This is a very sad DALE. (vale) /d/ /t/

This is a very sad TALE. (conto) dame tame
deer (dír) tear (tir)
2) To drink is the DOOM of many. (destino) deem (dim) team (tim)
To drink is the TOMB of many. (túmulo) doll tall
dale tale
3) Give them more DIPS. (mergulhos) dare (dér) tear (tér)
Give them more TIPS. (dicas) den ten
duck tuck
4) I can see many DUCKS here. (patos) dent tent
I can see many TUCKS here. (pregas) dip (dêp) tip (têp)
doom tomb (túm)
Dick (dêk) tick

/g/ /k/
1) That is a very small GAUGE. (bitola) goal (gôal) coal (cóal)
That is a very small CAGE. (gaiola) gall call
goat (gôt) coat (côt)
2) She can‟t see the GUARD. (guarda) gauge cage
She can‟t see the CARD. (cartão) ghost (gôst) coast
gash cash
3) He never sees the GHOST. ( fastama) gauze (gaz) cause (cáas)
He never sees the COAST. (litoral) gay kay (kei)
gold cold
guard (gárd) card (cárd)
4) They always like to buy GOATS. (cobras)
They always like to buy COATS. (casacos)
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PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES

A pronúncia do “ed” no final dos verbos regulares na forma do passado, pode ser feita
de três maneiras diferentes:

1. “ed”= id – sempre que o verbo terminar por ted ou ded , no passado, pronuncie o
ed:

to end – ended (terminou) to paint – painted (pintou)

to start – started (começou) to rest – rested (descansou)
to want – wanted (desejou) to wait – waited (esperou)
to add – added (acrescentou) to last – lasted (durou)
to invent – invented to decide – decided (decidiu)
to pretend – pretended (fingiu)

2. “ed”= t - o ed é pronunciado t se vier depois de um som surdo como os sons k –

p – s – sh – ch – f – th :

to talk – talked (falou) to kiss – kissed (beijou)

to ask – asked (perguntou) to miss – missed (faltou)
to look – looked (olhou) to dance – danced (faltou)
to like – liked (gostou) to march – marched (marchou)
to stop – stopped (parou) to watch – watched (assistiu)

3. “ed”= d – o ed é pronunciado d depois de sons sonoros como os sons dos

vogais,b, g, j, l, m, n, r, v, z, th:
to play - played to clean – cleaned (limpou)
to fill – filled (encheu) to explain – explained (explicou)
to call – called (chamou) to answer–answered (respondeu)
to cry – cried (chorou) to change – changed (trocou)
to show – showed (mostrou) to live – lived

“ee” = i “ea” = i
see (ver) eat (comer)
bee (abelha) tea (chá)
tree (árvore) cream (creme)
need dream (sonho)
seed (semente) eagle (águia)
sleep team (time)
week meat
beet (beterraba) beat (bater)
feet (pés) leave (partir)
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R E V I EW

1) HOW MUCH – quanto [não contável]

2) HOW MANY - quantos [contáveis]
3) FOR BREAKFAST - no café / FOR LUNCH – no almoço/ FOR DINNER – na janta
4) O adjetivo vem antes do substantivo:
RICH man OLD house NEW store
5) DESSERT – sobremesa / desert – deserto
6) BIRTHDAY – é dia de nascimento então só usa para quando alguém faz anos e
não uma empresa ou aniversário de casamento
7) O afirmativo no passado adiciona “ed” nos verbos regulares:
NEEDED WANTED
LIKED
Verbos irregulares tem suas formas próprias no passado:
SPOKE ATE DRANK SAW
8) O negativo e o interrogativo no passado muda apenas o verbo auxiliar DO para
DID:
I DIDN „T like the boss. We DIDN‟T go to New
York.I don‟t like the boss. We don‟t go to New York.

DID you like the

cake?Do you like the
cake?

9) ALL – todo, toda 10) EVERY – todo, toda

I work all week. I go to work every day.
They drank all the juice I speak to every girl at the party.

11)EACH - cada 12) I studied LAST week.

I have to study each book two times. She worked with me LAST
Thursday.They need to learn each expression.
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