IS 514 : 1992

(Reaffirmed
( Reaffirmed1997)
2003 )
Edition 4.1
(2000-11)

Indian Standard
TEXTILES — MERCERIZED COTTON
FABRICS FOR COVERING AIRCRAFTS
AND GLIDERS — SPECIFICATION
( Third Revision )
(Incorporating Amendment No. 1)

UDC 677.217.074 : 629.734

© BIS 2002

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN , 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

Price Group 3
Textile Materials for Aerospace Purposes Sectional Committee, TX 13

FOREWORD

This Indian Standard (Third Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the
draft finalized by Textile Materials for Aerospace Purposes Sectional Committee had been
approved by the Textile Division Council.
The second revision of this standard was published in the year 1978, and has now been revised on
the basis of experience gained during its use. The following are the main changes carried out:
a) Nominal widths specified have been modified on the basis of present requirements.
b) Requirement of maximum permissible percentage of total of sizing, finishing and other
nonfibrous materials has been included.
c) Reference has been made to IS 11662 : 1986 for the purpose of carrying out rot-proofness.
This edition 4.1 incorporates Amendment No. 1 (November 2000). Side bar indicates modification
of the text as the result of incorporation of the amendment.
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with the
final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off
in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised )’. The number of
significant place retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value
in this standard.
 IS 514 : 1992

Indian Standard
TEXTILES — MERCERIZED COTTON
FABRICS FOR COVERING AIRCRAFTS
AND GLIDERS — SPECIFICATION
( Third Revision )
1 SCOPE 3 MANUFACTURE
1.1 This standard prescribes the requirements 3.1 Yarn
of four grades of mercerized cotton fabrics for The cotton yarn used shall be combed, evenly
covering aircraft and glider surfaces such as spun and preferably mercerized, and it shall be
wings, fuselage, ailerons, elevators and other free from leaf particles, neps, snarls, slubs, etc.
airfoil surfaces: 3.2 Fabric
2 REFERENCES The fabric shall be woven in plain weave with
firm and regular selvedges. It shall be
2.1 The following Indian Standards are calendered and mercerized (if yarn used is not
necessary adjuncts to this standard: mercerized). The calendering shall be sufficient
to lay any nap present to provide smooth and
IS No. Title
even surface. Nap, if present, shall be removed
199 : 1989 Textiles — Estimation of by singeing.
moisture, total size or finish, 3.2.1 The fabric shall be rot-proofed or finished
ash, and fatty matter in grey and for doping as required by the buyer.
finished cotton textile materials
( third revision ) 3.3 Rot-Proofing

1390 : 1983 Methods for determination of pH The fabric shall be rendered rot-proofed by
treating with pentachlorophenyl laurate
value of aqueous extracts of
(PCPL), (normal process) in accordance with
textile materials ( first revision )
IS 11662 : 1986.
1954 : 1990 Method for determination of
length and width of fabrics 4 REQUIREMENT
( second revision ) 4.1 The fabric shall conform to the
1963 : 1981 Methods for determination of requirements specified in Tables 1 and 2.
threads per unit length in woven 4.2 Dimensions
fabrics ( second revision ) Unless otherwise specified, the length and
1964 : 1970 Methods for determination of width of the fabric shall be as given in Table 1.
weight per square metre and 4.3 If required by the buyer, the fabric, after
weight per linear metre of fabrics dope finish shall withstand the tests and
( first revision ) corresponding requirements given in Annex A.
1969 : 1985 Methods for determination of 4.4 Sealed Sample
breaking load and elongation of
woven textile fabrics ( second If in order to determine characteristics such as
revision ) appearance, smoothness and other
requirements not covered under this standard,
3919 : 1966 Methods of sampling of cotton a sample has been agreed and sealed, the
fabrics for determination of supply shall also conform to the sealed sample
physical characteristics in such respects.
5463 : 1969 Methods of sampling of cotton 4.4.1 The custody of sealed sample shall be a
fabrics for chemical matter of prior agreement between the buyer
characteristics and the seller.
6359 : 1971 Method of conditioning of textiles 5 INSPECTION
11662 : 1986 Preservative treatments of 5.1 The cloth shall be inspected by the method
textiles given in Annex B. The permissible number of

1
IS 514 : 1992
Table 1 Physical Requirements of Aircraft Fabrics
( Clauses 4.1 and 4.2 )
Grade Length Width Nominal Count of Yarn* Ends/ Picks/ Mass, Breaking Suitable
dm dm Max Load on for Aircraft














Warp Weft 5 cm × 20 Surface
cm Strips, with Wind
Min Loading
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
mm tex (cotton tex (cotton g/m2 N N/m2
count) count)
900 ± 12
or
1 10 tex × 2 10 tex × 2 330 330 140 715 431 and
1100 ± 15
(60 s/2) (60 s/2) above
50 m unless or
2 otherwise 1500 ± 25 10 tex × 2 10 tex × 2 330 330 140 530 382-430
specified or as (60 s/2) (60 s/2)
3 specified in
4 the contract 10 tex (60 s) 8.5 tex (70 s) 390 390 100 440 Up to 382
or order 10 tex (60 s) 9 tex (65 s) 380 380 85 295
Tolerance — — + 20 + 20 — — —
— — – 10 – 10 — — —
Methods of Test IS 1954 : 1969 IS 1963 : 1969 IS 1964 : IS 1969 :
1970 1985

*For guidance only.

defects shall be 1 major and 3 minor distortion and damage from exposure to
per 20 metres of continuous fabric length. moisture, weathering, etc, during
NOTE — When calculating from the observed number transportation and storage; or according to
of defects in a roll of fabric, the number of defects requirements of the buyer.
per 20 m shall be rounded off to the nearest whole
number.
7 MARKING
6 PACKING
7.1 Each package of fabric shall be marked
6.1 The fabric shall be packed in roll form with the following informations:
in such a manner so as to prevent permanent
a) Name of the fabric and grade,
Table 2 Chemical Requirements of b) Length (m), width (mm),
Aircraft Fabric
( Clause 4.1 ) c) Indication of the source of manufacturer,
and
Sl Characteristics Requirement Method of
No. Test d) Lot number and date of manufacture.
(1) (2) (3) (4)
7.1.1 The fabric may also be marked with the
i) pH value 6.0 to 8.0 IS 1390 : 1983
Standard Mark.
ii) Sizing, finishing, 3.5 IS 199 : 1989
other non-fibrous
materials, percent, 8 SAMPLING
Max
iii) Rot-proofness: 1.7 to 2.5 Appendix C of 8.1 Unless otherwise agreed, the procedure for
Pentachlorophenyl IS 11662 : 1986 sampling for testing physical and chemical
laurate content, characteristics shall be as given in
percent
IS 3919 : 1966 and IS 5463 : 1969 respectively.

ANNEX A
( Clause 4.3 )
DOPING SPECIFICATIONS AND TESTS

A-1 TEST FRAME plywood with a central hole 25 mm in diameter,

A-1.1 The test frame should be strong shall be screwed to one face ( see Fig. 1 ). The
rectangular wooden frame reinforced with frame shall be covered on the plywood face with
metal to prevent warping. It shall linen fabric under a tension of
measure 25 × 25 cm internally and approximately 360 gf/cm width in the warp
have 2 holes, 5 cm in diameter, bored through direction and 180 gf/cm width in the weft
one of the sides. A piece of 13 mm thick 5-ply direction.

2
 IS 514 : 1992

A-2 CONDITIONING atmosphere (65 ± 2 percent relative humidity

and temperature of 27 ± 2°C).
NOTE — Guidance on conditioning is available in
IS 6359 : 1971.

A-3 RESISTANCE TO HIGH

TEMPERATURE
A-3.1 The number of test specimens shall be
one for each tautening dope included in the
doping scheme in addition to the one for
complete doping scheme.
A-3.2 Procedure
Apply tautening dope uniformly on each of the
test specimens held on individual test frames
( see B-1.1 ) to impart the coating mass
of 120 ± 15 g/m2 when measured after drying to
constant tautening with both the fabric
surfaces freely exposed to air.
A-3.2.1 Apply the complete doping scheme
( see Table 3 ) to the test specimen meant for it.
A-3.2.2 Cut a strip 15 × 2.5 cm Min in the warp
direction from each of the doped test specimens
and heat it for 4 days (96 hours, Min) at a
temperature of 95°C Min, cool to room
temperature and bend it along weft around a
mandrel moving the strip through minimum
of 15 cm over it during bending operation. The
diameter of the mandrel shall be 3.2 mm in the
FIG. 1 TEST FRAME FOR DOPED FABRIC case of black finish and 1.6 mm in other cases.
A-2.1 Condition the test specimens for the A-3.3 There shall be no sign of cracking of the
stipulated time, in the standard dope film(s).

Table 3 Doping Specifications

( Clause A-3.2.1 )
Tautness































Description of Components Low Medium High























Dry mass Normal Dry mass Normal Dry mass Normal
number number number
of coats of coats of coats
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
For all finishes other than aluminium g/m2 g/m2 g/m2
Red oxide tautening dope — — 68.0 ± 13.5 3 25.5 ± 5.0 1
Transparent tautening dope 68.0 ± 13.5 3 or 4 — — 161.0 ± 32.0 6 or 7
Aluminium non-tautening finish 34.0 ± 7.0 2 — — — —
Aluminium tautening dope — — 34.0 ± 7.0 2 34.0 ± 7.0 2
Pigmented non-tautening finish (Note 1) 34.0 ± 7.0 1 or 2 34.0 ± 7.0 1 or 2 34.0 ± 7.0 1 or 2
Transparent non-tautening finish (Note 2) 34.0 ± 7.0 1 or 2 34.0 ± 7.0 1 or 2 34.0 ± 7.0 1 or 2
For an aluminium finish
Red oxide tautening dope — — 102.0 ± 20.5 4 25.5 ± 5.0 1
Transparent tautening dope 68.0 ± 13.5 3 or 4 — — 195.0 ± 39.0 8
Aluminium non-tautening finish 34.0 ± 7.0 2 34.0 ± 7.0 2 34.0 ± 7.0 2
Transparent non-tautening finish (Note 2) 34.0 ± 7.0 1 or 2 34.0 ± 7.0 1 or 2 34.0 ± 7.01 or 2
NOTES
1 For colour and finish matching purpose only, a mass addition of not more than 68 g/m2 shall be permitted for yellow,
white and sky blue finishes.
2 Only when a gloosy finish is required.

3
IS 514 : 1992

A-4 RESISTANCE TO NATURAL in 0.025 mm units and that does not impose a
WEATHERING load exceeding 5 g on the area of unsupported
fabric.
A-4.1 There shall be only one specimen for this
test, protected at the back of the frame with a The tautness ( T ) in the doped fabric is given
covering of waterproof material. by the equation:
A-4.2 Procedure 2
T = --- kgf/cm2
d
A-4.2.1 Freely expose the frame to maximum
sunlight in the open for 6 months including at where d is depression read in millimetres.
least 2 months from the period of May to A-5.2.3 Determine the mass of added dope by
August. the following method:
A-4.2.2 During exposure period, examine the Cut minimum area of 250 cm2 from the circle
frame at least once a day for adhesion of dope, of unsupported doped fabric. Weigh it,
cracks, etc, and its behaviour in dry and wet remove the dope by suitable solvents and
weather. Also examine tautness once a week. weigh it again. Record the difference in mass
A-4.2.3 After exposure for 6 months, cut from (A). Cut a piece of undoped fabric of the same
the fabric in the warp direction, 6 test area from the same length as was used to
specimen 2.5 cm wide and sufficient long to cover the test frame. Weigh it, apply the
allow 20 cm between the jaws of a suitable same solvent treatment as before under the
tensile testing machine, condition them same atmospheric conditions and weigh it
for 24 hours in standard atmosphere and then again. Record the difference in mass ( B );
determine the tensile strength. Also determine, apply ( B ) as a correction to ( A ) and
by the same method and under the same calculate the mass in g/m2 of the dope.
atmospheric conditions, the tensile strength of
A-5.3 The taughtness acquired by the
a piece of untreated fabric cut from the same
length of fabric which was held on frame. mercerized fabric shall be 0.002 to
0.003 kgf/cm2 per g/m2 of the dope in case of low
A-4.3 There shall be no cracking, clipping, doping and 0.003 to 0.004 kgf/cm2 per g/m2 of
flaking or blistering of the film, slight chalking the dope for medium and high doping.
be disregarded. The change in colour shall not
be too apparent and the underlying coats shall A-6 FREEDOM FROM FILM DEFECTS
not be visible through final finishing colour.
The breaking strength and tautness shall not A-6.1 Testing Atmosphere
be impaired. The test shall be conducted at
A-5 TAUTNESS PROPERTIES a) Relative humidity of 65-70 percent,
A-5.1 The number of test specimens shall be b) Temperature of 25-29°C, and
one each for the tautening dopes included in c) Air speed of a 1 m/s.
the doping scheme.
A-6.2 Procedure
A-5.2 Procedure
A-6.2.1 Condition the test frames, samples of
A-5.2.1 Apply each tautening dope uniformly to the dopes and finishes to be tested, and the
the individual test specimen held on the frame to brushes to be used for application in the testing
impart it a coating mass of 120 ± 15 g/m2 atmosphere in A-6.1 for 2 hours, Min.
measured after drying to constant tautness, both
the surfaces of the fabric freely exposed to air. A-6.2.2 Dope the fabric with the materials as
follows:
A-5.2.2 Measure tautness by any approved
method, however, in case of dispute the a) Apply by brush application, one full coat
following reference method shall be used: of each taughtening dope included in the
doping scheme to an individual test piece.
After conditioning the test specimen in the
standard atmosphere for 2 hours, minimum, fit b) When testing non-tautening finishes,
the frame with an air-tight back in a apply one full coat of the finish, thinning
conditioned room. Connect it through the holes wherever appropriate, to a test piece
at its side, to a suitable manometer and a water previously tautened with the doping
pump, adjusted to reduce the air pressure inside scheme in accordance with Table 3.
the frame by 5 cm H2O, including a large air A-6.2.3 Allow to dry under the test conditions
reservoir to smooth out variations in the
and then examine visually.
pressure. Measure the resulting depression ( d )
at the centre of the circle of unsupported fabric, A-6.3 The dopes shall be free from blushing,
using any instrument accurate to read wrinkling, gubbling, etc.

4
 IS 514 : 1992

A-7 KEEPING QUALITIES original properties for a minimum of 6 months

A-7.1 The doped mercerized fabric stored in the in tropical climate and minimum of 12 months
original sealed condition shall retain its in temperate climate.

ANNEX B
( Clause 5.1 )
INSPECTION AND TAGGING OF DEFECTS

B-1 INSPECTION NOTE — Such of the above defects as are obviously not
detrimental to strength, durability or use of the fabric,
B-1.1 Each cut shall be inspected under shall be considered as minor defects.
transmitted light for defects by passing the B-2.2 Minor Defects
fabric, metre by metre, over ‘light rails’ or an
artificial light table. The following shall constitute as minor defects:
B-2 CATEGORIES OF DEFECTS a) Neps,
b) Small slubs,
B-2.1 Major Defects
c) Small snarls,
The following shall constitute major defects:
d) Loose ends,
a) Bad floats of more than one end or more
e) Single end cut, and
than one picks,
f) Such other defects as are obviously not
b) Bad slubs (warp or weft),
detrimental to strength, durability or use
c) Weft snarls, of the fabric.
d) Thin places (due to starting or stopping
B-3 TAGGING
the loom or rip cuts),
e) Broken ends or picks, B-3.1 All major defects shall be tagged by
sewing red thread in the selvedge opposite the
f) Torn or wavy selvedges, defects.
g) Holes,
B-3.2 All minor defects shall be tagged by
h) Spots of oil, and sewing blue thread in the selvedge opposite the
j) Such other defects as are obviously defects.
detrimental to strength, durability or use B-3.3 All tags shall be affixed only on one side
of the fabric. of the roll.

5
Standard Mark
The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the provisions of the Bureau of Indian
Standards Act, 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The Standard Mark on
products covered by an Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they have been produced
to comply with the requirements of that standard under a well defined system of inspection,
testing and quality control which is devised and supervised by BIS and operated by the
producer. Standard marked products are also continuously checked by BIS for conformity to
that standard as a further safeguard. Details of conditions under which a licence for the use of
the Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers or producers may be obtained from the
Bureau of Indian Standards.
Bureau of Indian Standards
BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote
harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and
attending to connected matters in the country.

Copyright
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without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of
implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations.
Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS.

Review of Indian Standards

Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also
reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no
changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of
Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by
referring to the latest issue of ‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards : Monthly Additions’.
This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc : No. TXD 13 (2530)

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue
Amd. No. 1 November 2000

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