POLITICAL HISTORY
History is the record of past events. It keeps the past event with dates
and orders.
History is the part of social science.
There are two types of history:
Pre-history: The period of history before information was written
down
Proto-history: history after the written script
Political history is the narrative and analysis of political events, ideas,
movements, organs of government, voters, parties and leaders.
It is interrelated to the otter fields of history especially Diplomatic
history, as well as constitutional history and public history.
The political history of Nepal can be divided into 3 period:
1. Ancient period
2. Medival period
3. Modern period
Ancient period:
The ancient period start from 500BC-700AD. In ancient period, ruler of
different dyanasty ruled over Nepal and they are:
I. Gopal dynasty: Gopal kings ruled over Kathmandu valley for about
500 year. First king of Gopal dynasty was Bhuktaman and last king
was Yaksha Gupta. This period was the beginning of human
civilization.
II. Mahispal Dynasty: mahispal ruled over Nepal after defeating Gopal
Dynasty. Three king namely 1st Bar Singh, 2nd Jaya Singh and 3rd
Bhuwan Singh ruled for about 161 years.
III. Kirant Period: Kirantis defeated and replaced the Mahispal of the
valley and took over power. They ruled for 800 years. 1st king of
kirant dynasty’s Yalamber and other 32 kiranti king ruled over Nepal.
Kiranti society was open and there was no caste system. It is believed
that the society was more matriarchal than patriarchal. Main
occupation was animal husbandry, agriculture, trade and commerce. It
is believed that Lord Gautam Buddha visited to Kathmandu during the
rule of 7th king of kiranti named Jitedasti.
IV. Licchavi period: licchavi’s rule Nepal from 100A.D to 880A.D; they
entered Nepal from Vaisali of North India (modern Banaras). First
king of Supuspa. Famous lichhavi king are Mandev, Amshuverma,
Narendradev etc. lichhavi period is known as the golden period as
agriculture, small and cottage industry flourished during their regime.
Peace and prosperity in the society with the flourishment in art and
architecture, language and culture.
Medieval Period
Medieval period starts from 937B.S. a new era, Nepal Sambat was
started. This period begin with Malla dynasty. Aridev and Ari Malla
founded in 2th century.
Different historical kingsie Jayasthiti Malla, Yaksha Malla, Pratap
Malla, Bhupatindra Malla etc ruled over Nepal.
The valley was divided into 3 independent valley i.e Kathmandu,
Bhaktapur and Patan.
Malla were to introduce different Jatras and festivals.
Patriarcal society was found where woman has low status.
Main occupation was agriculture and animal husbandry, art and craft.
Modern Nepal:
1. The Nepal after the unification by Prithivi Narayan Shah is regarded
as modern Nepal.our neighbor and signed the sugau;
2. At that period, Nepal Tibet War, Nepal and Tibet China War, Nepal-
British war and Sugauli Treaty took place.
3. Brave Warrior like: Bhimsen thapa, Bal bhadra Kuwar, Bahadur Shah,
Bhakti thapa fought with our neighbor and signed the Sugauli Treaty
on 1815A.D.
4. First phase of unification campaign was started by P.N Shah and
second phase by Rajendralaxmi and Bahadur Shah.
5. Due to the political instability, an ambitious man emerged in Nepalese
Politics i.e Junga Bahadur Rana. He was responsible for Court
Massacre where he killed many enemies. He became Prime Minister
of Nepal and initiated the de-facto rule of 104 years long ranarchy.
6. Rana regime collapsed in 2007 B.S. many people contribute to fight
against Rana. Some became martyrs’ like Lakhan Thapa, Gangalal
Shrestha, Dharma Bhakta Mathema, Dhasarath Chand and Shukra Raj
Shastri. All political, writers, laborers, student, literary figure joined
thiers hand together like Tanka Prasad Acharya, B.P koirala grija
koirala and so on.
Decade of multi- party system(2007-2017):
These 10 years was completely instable from the political point of
view as 10 different government was formed in this period.
In 2015, first constitution of Nepal was announced.
In 2017, multiparty system collapsed and Panchayat system was
introduced.
In 2036, King Birendra announced referendum with a choice of
reformed panchayat system or multi party system where reformed
panchayat system got majority.
Nepalese Constitution of 2047 B.S had a provision to cast a vote when
somebody attends the age of 18.
Mass movement of 2o46 B.S. ended. The Panchayat system and
multiparty system began in Nepal. Krishna Prasad Bhattarai became
the interim prime minister of democratic Nepal.
In 2050, Communist party of Nepal (maoist) was born, the beginning
of armed struggle.
In 2o58, Royal Massacre took place where Royal family of King
Birendra were shot dead and Prince Gyanendra became the new King.
In 2063, the promulgation of interim constitution of Nepal.
Shah period
Golden period of shah started with the unification campaign of P.N Shah.
First king was Kulmandan Shah, and last king was Gyanendra Bir Bikram
Shah.
Rana Period
In 1846, Junga Bahadur Rana takes over as Prime Minister and
establishes a hereditary rana rule.
Nine Rana ruled over Nepal for 104 years.
Junga Bahadur Rana ruled from 1846 to 25 february 1877. He
introduce English education and letter press in Nepal.
Ranodip Singh ruled 25 February 1877 to 22 November 1855. He
opened English school to all Rana family children.
Bir Shumsher ruled 5 March 1901 to 27 June 1901. He establishes
high school, Bir hospital, Bir lower, Bir library.
Dev Shumsher ruled 5 March 1901to 27 June 1901. He built
Narayanhiti Palace, Ghanta ghar, Lal Durbar and Seto Durbar.
Chandra Shumsher ruled from 27 June 1901 to 26 November 1929.
Census was held for the first time. He abolished Sati Pratha. He divide
Rana into 3 class A, B and C.
Bhim Shumsher ruled from 26 November 1929 to 1 September 1932.
Juddha Shumsher ruled from 1 September 1932 to 29 September
1945.
Padma Shumsher ruled from 29 November 1945 to 30 April 1948. He
liberalized education and granted the people the right to establish high
school and middle school in Private school.
Mohan Shumsher ruled from 1948 to 18 February 1951. He opened
nearly 87 Primary school in the country.
