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56 views12 pagesEyes of Travellers History
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/ 12
“fercetions. es =.
(c 40 to 474R Century
Notes
et
dF Travellers
WITS
)
Foreign travellers who came to Sndia in medieval period
[Period of
Travel
Foreign ‘Traveller
Under whose reign
(333-1842
Tbn-e-Batuta from Morocco
Mohd. Tughlag
(440-1422
Nicolai Conti from taly
1442-1443,
Abdur Razzok = Ambassador (Iran)
Dev Ray T of Vigay
Dev Ray 1 of Vigaynagar
(1516-151
[156-1518
Eduarclo Barbosa ( Fortuguese)
krishna Dev Ray Viza
1520-1522
Krishna Dev Ray Vijaynagar
iF 4 centur)
1644-1687
Abth century
Domingos Paes (Portuguese)
Ceaser Fredtiseh (fortuguese)
John Lingcoten (Dutch)
Tavernier (French gueller)
‘
Vigaynagar
Vigoynagar
Shahyahan & Aurangzeb
M56- 1697
+
1658-1668
licaill
Bt +
Manucei (Italy) i
Aurangzeb
Francois Berntir (French Doctor)
Jean Thevnot (French)
od
4. Ail-Biruni And The kitab-ul- Hind
4.4 From
khwarizm ‘to the Punjab
Aurangzeb
Aurong zeb
4 M-Biruni wag born yn 973, un Khwatizm un present clay
Vabekistan, which wag an set Centre of learning
and
education. :
oe
tay, Be sy He wag well versed un Aeveral Longuge ‘ Syriac, Arobic,
Persian Hebrew and Sanskrit but not fomilior with Greek
4 Tn 1047 when Sulton Mohmud unvaded khwarizm, he took
Several Scholars and poels back to his capital, Ghaan'
Al-Biruni was one of them
} nrolaweu ry ary acne
of hig lite until fig death af the age of 7
se He spent years Un the compony of Brahmans priests and a
Scholars , learni Sanskrit and Studying religious and philosophical
tert Mostly fe travelled un Pungab and parts 0 a
northern India , hig literature dealt with land o§ far apart
as te Sahara desert un the west to the River Volga yn
the north
41.2 The kitab-ul- Hind
gseoeneceaness
de Al-Biruni's kitob-ul-Hind, written un Arabic us Simple
Voluminous text, divided into 60 chapters an subzects
Such a religion and philosophy, festivals, astronomy , weights
and measures ete q
dy In Some chapters fe adopted a distinctive structure Begin
wit a question, following 4Ris ub with a description based
on Sangkritic traditiong, and conduding with Q comparison
with othe cultures
dr Al-Biruni who wrote dn flrabic, probably Untended hig work
por peoples living along the frontiers of the Subcontin
-eab f :
en -
“
~ a
2!
si
TTVIIATAIAIATTAIITN
*
os
Co 4
Ga
=
&
oy +
1x
4 +
fo
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c
a, +
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eo
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2
oF /
Ten Battura's RIHLA
fin early globe-trotter
Tbn Battuta's book Rihla written Un Arobic provides
extremely rich and interesting détails about te Social
and cultural live un tRe “Subcontinent Un the 44th centus
4
He was Moroccan traveller born in Tangier into one oF
Pe most respectable and educdted families known or their
expertise un Tslamic teligioug law or Shori'a.He considered
travelling dmbortont than books a4 in the Manner
of knowledge
Before he set off for India un 1322-39 he had made
Pilgrimage tbs to Mecca and had already travelled extensively
Un Syria, Tiag, Persia, Yernen, Oman and & few ‘rading ports
On the Coast of Eogt Africa
bn reached Sind in 1983 , lured by Mahd. Tughlag , the
Sultan of Delhi Feputotion ag a generous patron of Arts
and ldters, get off for Delhi
The Sultan was impressed by hig. Scholarship and ofpsinted
him fie qazi or Judge of Delhi. Once ifie migunderstandi
occured between Sultan and Batluta, wag thrown Unto
prigon. Ag goon ag jt cleared he wag negtored to
imperial gervice and wag ordered dn “1342 to proceed
to China ag the Sultan envoy to the Mongol muler.
with his Ibn Battuta proceeded fo the Malabar coast
through ceifral India. From Malabar he wot to the Maldives,
here fe Stayed for 18monthg 03 gazi tin wnt to
Sri Lanka Again he went Malobar and Maldives , algo visited
‘to Bengal ond Assam. Finally the took ship to Sumatra,
and from uhere another “ship for uhe chinese port
‘toun of Zaytun (Pregenh day Quanzhou)
sg * He travated extensively in China, but did not Stay or
long , deciding to returt home in 1347
A According fo bn Battita, jt took forty days to ‘travel
4rom “Multan to Delhi and about 50 days “from Sind to
Delhi while #fat gfrom Grwalior to Delhi — took todays
22 The “enjoyment of curiosities”
& Thr Bettsty wos. an inveterate traveller whe sent
Severad years travelling ifirough north Aprica , West fisia
and parts. of Centra "Asia, “Afe Jndia dubcontinent and
Ching + bepore réturning to Morocco.
3. FRancors BERNIER
A Doctor With A Difference
H — Francoig Berniey, a Frenchmen, was a dodor, politi cod
philosopher and historian. He came in India grom 21656
to 41668 and wag Closely associated with the Mughal
court. He was Un India for 42 gears. Bernier wag in
Mughal court ag a physician to Prince Para Shukoh,
the eldest Son of £Embtror Shah Jahan , and later
as an intellectual and
wm
o~
os
fo
Ci.
o~)
om
—y
lm
~
;
FY
PEP FALE
53 A unique system of communication
+ Battuta wog amoged by the eppiciency of the postar
System which allowed — merchant t hot only $end
Ungormation and remit Credit across dong distances, buf
algo to digpatch goods nequired at Short notice
+ The postal dystem was fo efpiciend that while uf ‘ook
titty days 40 reach Delhi from Sind, the news reports of
dbies would teach the Sultan Hfrough the postal dystem
un gust five lays
6 Bernier find The “DreEnerate® East
sy Ibn Batluta chose to describe everyting that ampressed
and excited Aim whereas Francois’ Berneir compared and
Confragta what he saw in ‘India with ‘he Situation Jn
Europe Un general. Focusing on situstion which he considered
depressing
Hr Berncir ideas stem to have been | 16 dingluence palicy-
Makers. His Travelg un fe Mughal Empire us marked
by detailed observations , critical unsight§ and refledion,
a> Grnerally , ordered he perceived diggerences hierarchically
40 thot India apbeared fo be ungerior fo the
western world
64 The question of landownership
+ According to Berncir, one of the - fundamental differences
between MughaQ India and firope was the lack of =
private property Un land un the former
Ar He ‘tRoupht that un She Mughal Empire the emperor
owned “ail the land and distributed ut among “hig
hobles , and Rat hig had disastrous Consequences for the
economy and Society. Literally , this perception wag hot unique to Berntir , but
Ug found
tin. most travellers accounts of the 40th and
43th cevituries
Berneir ar
to their
land. And
ued, Londholders Could not pass on Jhtir Jand
i wing to Crown ownership of
Pitter eee hd emergence of the te
Hig would Led to
O} Improving landlords.cahich wobld Cause Of Oppression of
Re beagantry and a continuous decline dn livi
Sandard
care
Of all dections of daciety except He huling
Berneir congidertly asserted - There is ho middle