28 ŞUBAT 2021 YÖKDİL SOSYAL

6. In order to manage their vast empire, Mongol khans ----

1. - 20. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun
an elaborate postal system in which messages could
düşen sözcük veya ifadeyi bulunuz.
travel from Bejing to Tabriz (In Iran) in just a month.

A) put out B) went through

1. Social learning theories are based on the simple but
powerful ---- that people learn by observing other C) took down D) set up
people.
E) broke in
A) familiarity B) equation

C) disapproval D) assumption 7. Ada Lovelace earned her place in history as the first
computer programmer, but she ---- it without the help
E) correspondence
of British mathematician Charles Babbage, who
developed a mechanical calculator that ---- nearly any
mathematical task ordered.

2. Participant observation is an umbrella term for a range A) should not have done / must perform
of methods to investigate the common ---- of
B) could not have done / could perform
individuals and groups, such as eating and
handshaking. C) might not have done / can perform
A) failures B) practices D) did not use to do / may perform
C) sensations D) breakthroughs E) would not have done / had to perform
E) memorials
8. By the time the first Europeans ---- in Central America
in 1052, the region’s greatest civilisations ---- into the
3. Agricultural societies, in which the domestication of
jungle.
plants and animals provides a ---- part of human
subsistence, are thought to date back as far as 10,000 A) were arriving / were already dissipating
BCE.
B) would arrive / are already dissipating
A) transparent B) misleading
C) were going to arrive / have already dissipated
C) simultaneous D) substantial
D) had arrived / already dissipated
E) desirable
E) arrived / had already dissipated

4. According to the behaviourist approach to

9. ---- the past two decades, self-study of teacher
psychology, learning occurs when a new behaviour is
education practices has become a well-accepted
repeatedly and ---- performed in response to a given
approach to developing insights ---- teaching as
stimulus.
teacher educators have sought productive ways of
A) impatiently B) subtly researching their practice.
C) preciously D) consistently A) For / with B) Over / into
E) adversely C) On / towards D) During / againist

E) Through / at

5. Whenever one sees a complex situation form a 10. Prized ---- their sweet edible fruits, blueberries grow
different perspective, new and important features of only ---- highly acidic and well–drained but moist
the situation are often ----. soils.
A) revealed B) protected A) with / at B) for / in
C) worsened D) resricted C) through / around D) amongs / under
E) disturbed E) from / on

1
11. Around 3600 BCE, ---- reasons that are still unclear, 16. Our understanding of the Inca Empire comes from
people ---- Malta and the nearby island of Gozo began archaeology, early Spanish documents, and a handful
to construct massive limestone temple complexes and of native accounts ---- there was no indigenous system
went on to create large underground burial chambers. of writing practised by the Incas.

A) behind / over B) for / on A) since B) in case

C) at / from D) through / by C) whenever D) once

E) in / across E) until

12. ---- you are in extreme poverty and struggling to put 17. The greatest breakthroughs in understanding and
food on the table, studies indicate that even winning a treating plague came ---- the mid-19th-century
big lottery payout does not increase happiness for developments in germ theory by Louis Pasteur and
very long. Robert Koch.
A) Given that B) In case A) unlike B) in contrast with
C) Unless D) As long as C) as a result of D) as well as
E) Because E) in comparison to

18. ----- various measures taken since the mid-1950s to

13. ---- functionalism no longer exists as a school of protect the Spanish cinema industry against
psychology, its basic principles have been observed competition, the number of films made in Spain
into psychology and continue to influence it in many continued to decline.
ways.
A) According to B) Despite
A) As soon as B) Although
C) Along with D) Expect for
C) Ever since D) Unless
E) Unlike
E) In case

19. New research that studied individuals who lost a loved

14. ---- aptitude tests may help you figure out one aspect of one in the previous year has found that ---- they talked
puzzle, they do not give you the complete picture. about the loss with others, ---- likely they were to
become ill during the subsequent year.
A) As if B) Just as
A) as / as B) neither / nor
C) Given that D) Even though
C) the more / the less D) not only / but also
E) Unless
E) whether / or

15. ---- a child has been identified as having a disability or 20. Science fiction is a popular kind of imaginative
considered at risk, there are several intervention literature ---- basic themes include space travel, time
programmes available to support the child. travel, marvellous discoveries or inventions.

A) Until B) Once A) that B) when

C) Unless D) As though C) at which D) whose

E) Because E) to whom

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21. - 25. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış

yerlere uygun düşen sözcük veya ifadeyi bulunuz.

An instinct is an automatic, involuntary, and unlearned 23.

behaviour that occurs in response to a specific trigger or
stimuli. Numerous examples of what we consider human A) made up for B) stood up to
instincts (21) ----- in phrases that we use every day: the C) caught up on D) came up with
maternal instinct, the survival instinct, the killer instinct, and so
on. Instincts motivate us in the sense that we do what we do E) got away from
(22) ---- we have to. Behavioural scientist James McDougall
(23) ---- a way to classify some of our most basic instincts are
purposeful and guide our behaviour (24) ---- the meeting of
specific goals. In fact, McDougall believed that an instinct
could be identified by first determining what its intended goal
was. Using this notion, he was able to distribute numerous
instincts into categories (25) ---- parenting, seeking food, and
mating.

21.

A) can be found
24.
B) ought to be found
A) with B) by
C) could have been found
C) of D) toward
D) must be found
E) from
E) used to be found

25.
22.
A) in spite of B) such as
A) unless B) although
C) owing to D) regardless of
C) because D) whether
E) with the aim of
E) so that

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26. - 30. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış

yerlere uygun düşen sözcük veya ifadeyi bulunuz.

28.
Mahatma Gandhi, one of the most transformative figures of the A) except for B) as well as
20th century, often stressed how ordinary he actually was.
Yet, he was compelled to constantly improve himself, morally C) despite D) owing to
and spiritually, and this is what (26) ---- him and led him to the E) regardless of
heights he reached as a nationalist leader and religious
exemplar. But in his eyes what he achieved was not
extraordinary at all. (27) ----, he thought it could be attained by
everyone: 'I do not have a doubt that any man or woman can
achieve what I have, if he or she would make the same effort
(28) ---- cultivating the same hope and faith.’ Gandhi's
character was embodied in his strategy of non-violent
resistance, (29) ---- satyagraha (holding to the truth). In the
face of injustice, he believed civil disobedience was a citizen's
duty. It should have no ill will or hatred behind it'. The strength
of the satyagraha was its attempt to engage with opponents
and win disputes (30) ---- persuasion, to affect change without
creating an enemy.

29.

A) terming B) to term
26.
C) termed D) to have termed
A) adopted B) motivated
E) to be termed
C) enrolled D) admitted

E) dismissed

30.

A) through B) above
27.
C) towards D) without
A) To illustrate B) Otherwise
E) behind
C) Likewise D) Indeed

E) Even so

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31. - 41. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde 34. While the automobile provides unprecedented personal
tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz. mobility, ----.
A) the number of vehicles on roads is increasing daily
around the world
31. Because young children possess a natural curiosity
B) this convenience has its costs, including traffic crashes,
about the world, ----.
and the deaths and injuries caused by these crashes
A) abstract or complex notions begin to make sense when
C) cars are operated by people whose behaviours are
they reach a certain age
influenced by a multitude of psychological factors
B) learning experience is a constant source of intrinsic
D) traffic safety professionals have been working to
pleasure for them
reduce the frequency of motor vehicle crashes for
C) extreme shyness may prevent them from participating decades
in classroom activities
E) an important component of the traffic safety problem is
D) parents are advised not to harshly criticise their understanding, predicting, and modifying the
children based on school success behaviours of drivers

E) some prefer to spend time with their peers while others

35. Death rates have been falling in all Western countries
favour playing on their own
for decades ----.
32. ----, but the country is predominantly tropical, with the
A) so life expectancy is calculated based on the proportion
equator crossing through the northern part of the
of deaths at each age
country.
B) even if big social as well as cultural changes occur
A) Brazil is a vast country in South America with a large
almost in each society
and ethnically diverse population
C) although life expectancy was previously climbing by
B) Not more than one-fifth of Brazil’s terrain is beyond the
about three months a year
limits of agricultural usefulness
D) given that fatalities can be reduced substantially
C) The Amazon basin in Brazil contains the world’s largest
through mass media coverage of traffic accidents
tropical rain forest
E) as there have been a number of improvements in
D) Brazil’s geographical diversity makes for a range of
medicine and nutrition
climatic conditions

E) Countless islands are found throughout Brazil’s river

systems and in the huge delta of the Amazon 36. While the science of psychology may seem abstract at
times, ----.
33. Just as dinosaurs characterised the Cretaceous A) it also relates to why we are so fascinated with
Period, which ended with their extinction 66 million celebrities
years ago, ----.
B) it is German psychologist Wilhelm Wundt who is
A) studies that aim to find how they went extinct focus on considered to be the father of the field
the impact of a celestial body as the most probable
C) it is a remarkably varied field with a great number of
cause
subfields
B) dinosaurs roamed the planet for millions of years as the
D) the human mind, the main focus of psychologists, does
dominant species, much longer than human beings
not function in isolation
have
E) its implications touch every arena in which people
C) human beings consume and use up natural resources
think, feel, or act
at a pace faster than any other species have in history

D) many scientists believe we need to designate a new

geologic age, called the Anthropocene, that reflects the
impact of humankind

E) the Tasmanian tiger, thylacine, was one of the species

of animals that went extinct in the 1900s

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 28 ŞUBAT 2021 YÖKDİL SOSYAL

37. ----, it was not until only 1995 that extreme sports 40. ----, subliminal advertising’s effectiveness is still
achieved their highest level of public exposure with uncertain.
the First Extreme Games.
A) If its effects are restricted to a select group of people
A) While most sports now classified as extreme have all
existed for a long time and most have competitions B) Due to fears that it may influence people
subconsciously
B) Given that extreme sports are international, with the
Extreme or X Games attracting competitors from C) In addition to several research studies on advertising
dozens of nations techniques

C) Because what differentiates extreme sports from others D) While it has been proven to work to some extent in
involves changes in the rules and use of equipment some research

D) Although sport climbing is the only extreme sport with E) As several studies have found that subliminal stimuli
separate divisions for men and women can influence behaviour

E) Seeing that all extreme sports are individual sports and

involve a greater degree of risk to the athletes 41. Because ethnicity and race are critical to Southern
Africa’s social and economic framework, ----.

A) the region’s main racial features originally appeared in

38. ----, the roots of environmental movements date back the Cape Colony and Natal
to the 1800s, when demands for cleaner water and air
became common. B) colonial boundary-makers generally ignored existing
ethnic boundaries
A) Since they had their origins in the conservation
movement that began a century earlier C) the colonial settlements also produced mixed race
populations
B) As long as industrialisation and colonialism sparked the
first environmentalist voices D) racial and ethnic struggles tend to be central drivers of
the region’s politics
C) One the rapid sweep of resource exploitation aroused a
few opposing voices E) the 19th century was an especially violent period in
South Africa
D) Even though the term environmentalism was not used
until much later

E) Given that the term ‘environmental’ appeared during

the second half of the 20th century

39. ----, some simple breathing techniques can help you

lower high levels of anxiety.

A) Though some studies have shown that controlling your

breathing helps reduce anxiety

B) Unlike ancient yoga, which can decrease your anxiety

levels

C) While you block your right nostril and keep breathing

through your left nostril

D) Despite the recent growing interest in learning how to

breathe correctly

E) Whether you are an anxious flyer, rushed off your feet

or running late for an appointment

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42. - 47. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca 44. Novelists explore ethical ideas through the crises and
en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz. dilemmas their characters endure, and Tolstoy’s
exploration of happiness evidently falls into this
category.
A) Roman yazarlarının karakterin katlandığı krizler ve
42. Since its slave revolution and war of independence,
ikilemler aracılığıyla etik fikirleri keşfetmesi gibi
which resulted in the founding of the nation in 1804,
Tolstoy’un mutluluğu keşfi de açıkça bu kategoride yer
small-scale agricultural production has dominated the
almaktadır.
economy of Haiti.
B) Roman yazarları, etik fikirleri karakterlerinin tahammül
A) Köle devrimi ve bağımsızlık savaşı sonrası 1804
ettiği krizler ve ikilemler aracılığıyla keşfederler ve
yılında kurulan Haiti’nin ekonomisine, kuruluşundan
Tolstoy’un mutluluğu keşfi açıkça bu kategoriye girer.
beri küçük ölçekli tarımsa üretim hakim olmuştur.
C) Roman yazarları, etik fikirler aracılığıyla karakterlerin
B) Haiti ekonoisinde küçük ölçekli tarımsal üretim, 1804’te
katlandığı krizleri ve ikilemleri keşfeder ve Tostoy’un
ülkenin kuruluşuyla sonuçlanan köle devrimi ve
mutluluk keşfi de açıkça bu kategoride yer almaktadır.
bağımsızlık savaşından itibaren hüküm sürmüştür.
D) Etik fikirler, karakterlerin katlandığı krizler ve ikilemler
C) Köle devrimi ve bağımsılzık savaşı neticesinde 1804
aracılığıyla roman yazarları tarafından keşfedilir ve
yılında kurulmuş olan Haiti’nin ekonomisinde en önemli
Tolstoy’un mutluluğu keşfetmesi de açıkça bu
yerlerden birini küçük ölçekli tarımsal üretim tutmktadır.
kategoridedir.
D) Haiti, 1804’te köle devrimi ve bağımsızlık savaşı
E) Roman yazarlarının karakterlerin tahammül ettiği krizler
sonrasında kurulmuş ve o zamandan beri
ve ikilemler aracılığıyla keşfettiği etik fikirler ve
ekonomisindeki en büyük pay küçük ölçekli tarımsal
Tolstoy’un mutluluğu keşfi açıkça aynı kategoridedir.
üretim olmuştur.
E) 1804’te ülkenin kurulmasıyla sonuçlanan köle devrimi
ve bağımsılık savaşından beri Haiti ekonomisine küçük
ölçekli tarımsal üretim hakim olmuştur.
45. Since the 4th century BCE, the works of Aristotle,
student to Plato, have profoundly influenced a broad
variety of fields, including the natural sciences, logic,
and political science.
A) Eserleri MÖ 4. Yüzyıldan itibaren doğa bilimleri, mantık
ve siyaset bilimi gibi pek çok alanı derinden etkilemiş
olan Aristo, Platon’un öğrencisidir.
43. It is of vital importance to learn how to identify sources
B) Doğa bilimleri, mantık ve siyaset bilimi dahil olmak
of stress in order to reduce the risk of seriously
üzere birçok alanı eserleriyle derinden etkileyen Aristo,
impairing our mental health.
MÖ 4. Yüzyılda Platon’un öğrencisiydi.
A) Ruh sağlığımızı ciddi şekilde bozma riskini azaltmak
C) Aristo, MÖ 4. Yüzyılda, Platon’un öğrencisi olarak
için stres kaynaklarının nasıl tespit edileceğini
eserleriyle doğa bilimleri, mantık ve siyaset bilimi gibi
öğrenmek, hayati bir öneme sahiptir.
birçok alanı büyük ölçüde etkilemiştir.
B) Stres kaynaklarının nasıl tespit edileceğini öğrenmek,
D) MÖ 4. Yüzyıldan buy ana doğa bilimleri, mantık ve
ruh sağlığımızı ciddi şekilde bozma riskini azaltma
siyaset bilimi başta olmak üzere pek çok alanı derinden
konusunda hayati bir önem taşımaktadır.
etkilemiş olan Aristo, Platon’un öğrencisidir.
C) Stres kaynaklarının nasıl tespit edileceğini öğrenerek
E) Platon’un öğrencisi olan Aristo’nun eserleri, MÖ 4.
hayati bir öneme sahip olan ruh sağlığımızı ciddi
Yüzyıldan itibaren doğa bilimleri, mantık ve siyaset
şekilde bozma riskini azaltabiliriz.
bilimi dahil olmak üzere pek çok alanı büyük ölçüde
D) Stres kaynaklarının nasıl tespit edileceğini öğrenmek, etkilemiştir.
ruh sağlığımızı ciddi bir şekilde bozma riskini
azaltacağı için hayati bir önem taşımaktadır.
E) Ruh sağlığımızı ciddi şekilde bozma riskini azaltmak
hayati bir öneme sahiptir ve bunun için stress
kaynaklarının nasıl tespit edileceğini öğrenmemiz
gerekir.

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46. Emotional intelligence, which involves the ability to 47. Different societies shared certain common,
recognise your own emotions as well as the emotions fundamental features until about 10,000 years ago as
of other people, also has to do with how you manage they all obtained their food, shelter and clothing
your emotions and other people’s emotions. roughly the same way.
A) Duygusal zeka yalnızca kendi duygularınızı ve diğer A) Farklı toplumlar yaklaşık 10,000 yıl öncesine kadar belli
insanların duygularını tanıma yeteneğini kapsamakla ortak temel özellikleri paylaşıyorlardı çünkü tümü
kalmaz, duygularınızı ve diğer insanların duygularını yiyeceğini, barınağını ve giysilerini hemen hemen aynı
nasıl yönettiğinizle de ilgilenir. şekilde elde ediyorlardı.
B) Hem kendi duygularınızın hem de diğer insanların B) Toplumlar farklı olsa da 10,000 yıl öncesine kadar
duygularının farkında olma anlamına gelen duygusal
temel özellikleri ortaktı çünkü tüm toplumlar kabaca
zekaya sahip olduğunuzda kendi duygularınızın yanı
aynı şekilde yiyecek, barınak ve giysi ihtiyaçlarını
sıra diğer insanların duygularını da yönetebilirsiniz.
karşılıyorlardı.
C) Duygusal zeka, kendi duygularınızla birlikte
C) Değişik toplumların temel ortak özellikleri nerdeyse
başkalarının da duygularını tanıma yeteneğine sahip
10,000 yıl öncesine kadar aynıydı çünkü tümü yiyecek,
olup hem kendi duygularınızı hem de başkalarının
barınak ve giysilerini, kabaca da olsa aynı şekilde elde
duygularını yönetmekle alakalıdır.
ediyorlardı.
D) Diğer insanların duygularının yanı sıra kendi
duygularınızın da farkında olma yeteneğini kapsayan D) Farklı toplumların hepsi yiyeceklerini, barınaklarını ve
duygusal zeka, aynı zamada duygularınızı ve diğer giysilerini yaklaşık 10,000 yıl öncesine kadar aynı
insanların duygularını nasıl yönettiğinizle de alakalıdır. şekilde elde ettiklerinden, belli ortak özellikleri de
neredeyse aynıydı.
E) Kendi duygularınızı ve diğer insanların duygularını
tanıma yeteneği anlamına gelen duygusal zekaya E) Değişik toplumlarde izlenen ortak temel özellikler
sahip insanlar hem kendi duygularını hem de başka neredeyse 10,000 yıl öncesine dayanır çünkü o
insanların duygularını yönetebilirler. zamanlarda toplumların tümü yiyecek, barınak ve
giysilerini benzer yollarla ediniyordu.

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48. - 53. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en

yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.
50. Kuzey Amerika’nın yerli hakları 15. yüzyıl sonundaki
Avrupalı yerleşimci akıma ittifaktan silahlı direnişe
48. Rönesans, bir zaman diliminden ziyade, belirli fikirlerin kadar çeşitli şekillerde tepki göstermiştir.
hayatın neredeyse tüm alanlarına uygulanmasıyla A) At the end of the 15th century, the ways native peoples
tanımlanan bir dönemdi. of the North America reacted to the influx of European
A) The Renaissance was defined as a period by the settlers varied from alliance to armed resistance.
application of certain ideas to almost all aspects of life B) Native peoples of the North America reacted to the
rather than a span of time. influx of European settlers at the end of the 15th century
B) During the Renaissance, the period was not only in varied ways from alliance to armed resistance.
defined by a span of time but also by the way certain C) The reaction of native peoples of the North America to
ideas were applied to almost all aspects of life. the influx of European settlers at the end of the 15th
C) Instead of a span of time, the application of certain century varied from alliance to armed resistance.
ideas to nearly every aspect of life defines the D) As the influx of European settlers grew at the end of
Renaissance as a period. the 15th century native peoples of the North America
D) The Renaissance was a period defined less by a span reacted to through alliances and armed resistance.
of time than by the application of certain ideas to E) Native peoples of the North America demonstrated
almost every aspect of life. their reaction to the influx of European settlers at the
E) The definition of the Renaissance was not made by a end of the 15th century in various ways including
span of time but by applying certain ideas to nearly alliance and armed resistance.
every aspect of life.

51. Asyalılar 175 yıldan daha fazla bir süredir ABD’de

49. İlk Avrupalı kaşifler karşılaştıkları her kara parçasının yaşamaktadırlar , fakat Asya kökenli Amerikalarının
ada olduğunu varsaymışlardır ve kıtalar ile adalar sayıca önemli bir hale gelmeleri ve toplumların ve
arasındaki ayrım ise ancak 16. Yüzyılda yapılmıştır. konumlarının yeterli ilgiyi çekmesi ancak 19. Yüzyılın
A) Even if the distinction between continents and islands sonunda olmuştur.
was eventually made in the 16th century, early A) For over 175 years, Asians have lived in the US, but it
European explorers believed that every land they was only in the late 19th century that the Asian
encountered was an island. Americans became important in number and thus,
B) The distinction between continents and islands could sufficient attention was given to their society and
not be made until the 16th century because early position.
European explorers thought every land they B) It was not earlier than the late 19th century that Asian
encountered was an island. Americans became numerically significant, and
C) Early European explorers assumed that every land sufficient attention was paid to their society and
they encountered was an island, and it was not until the position although Asians have lived in the US for more
16th century that the distinction between continents and than 175 years.
islands was finally made. C) Asians have lived in the US for over 175 years, yet it
D) Because early European explorers considered every was not until the late 19th century that the Asian
land they encountered to be an island, it was not Americans became numerically significant, and their
possible to distinguish continents from islands until the society and position attracted sufficient attention.
16th century. D) Asians had lived in the US for more than 175 years
E) Although it was finally possible to distinguish between when sufficient attention was paid to the society and
continents and islands in the 16th century, it was early position of the Asian Americans during the late 19th
explorers who supposed that evey land they century, with their numbers becoming significant.
encountered was an island. E) Asian Americans became numerically so important that
their society and position received sufficient attention in
the late 19th century though Asians have lived in the US
for over 175 years.

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52. Günümüzün fiziki nakde bağlılık eksikliği, insanların 53. Avrupa'da gazete kullanımını benimseyen ilk ülke
işlemleri gerçekleştirmek için başka ödeme olmasına rağmen, Almanya o kadar çok sayıda rakip
yöntemlerini kullandıkları, paranın var olmasından bile devlete bölünmüştü ki, 1871'deki birleşmeden önce
önceki bir zamana dayanır. hiçbir gazete baskın bir rol oynamamıştır.

A) Today's lack of reliance on physical cash dates back to A) It was the first country in Europe to adopt the use of
a time before money even existed when people utilised newspapers, but Germany was divided into so many
other forms of payment to perform transactions. states that before its unification in 1871, no newspaper
played a dominant role.
B) Today, we don't have to rely on physical cash, which
dates back to a time before money even existed, when B) Since Germany was divided into many competing
people utilised other forms of payment to perform states before its unification in 1871, no newspaper
transactions. played a dominant role though it was the first country in
Europe to adopt the use of newspapers.
C) People utilised other forms of payment to perform
transactions during the times when there was no C) Even though it was the first country to adopt the use of
physical cash, but today there is no such reliance. newspapers in Europe, Germany was divided into
many rival states before the unification in 1871, and
D) Although physical cash dates back to a time before
thus no newspaper could play a dominant role.
money even existed, today, people utilise other forms
of payment to perform transactions. D) Germany was the first country to use newspapers in
Europe, but because the country was divided into many
E) We lack reliance on physical cash today, which dates
rival states before the unification in 1871, no
back to a time before money even existed when people
newspaper played a dominant role.
utilised other forms of payment to perform transactions.
E) Although it was the first country in Europe to adopt the
use of newspapers, Germany was divided into so many
rival states that no newspaper played a dominant role
before the unification in 1871.

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54. - 59. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam

bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi
bulunuz.
56. High-yield seeds, fertilisers, pesticides, tractors, and
motorised well pumps have hugely increased crop
54. As early humans moved out of Africa and into colder, yields since the 1960s in India. Once struck by
more hostile climates, they were confronted with the famines, India feeds itself today. Its farmers sell the
problem of keeping warm. ---- From this basic need world torrents of grains and fruits. ---- Agricultural
developed the rich and varied dress of the world's chemicals have poisoned entire river systems,
peoples. As societies began to develop, many other possibly contributing to hot spots of diseases like
factors determined the specific dress of a region or a cancer. Moreover, unsustainable harvests have
culture, including technological levels, relative resulted in a great loss of large quantities of
affluence, class and hierarchy, migration, war, religion, groundwater.
and industrialisation
A) For example, Punjabi farmers produce nearly a quarter
A) The earliest forms of dress were probably animal skins, of India's wheat.
at first used in their original shapes and later modified
to fit the human form. B) Thus, devastating famines, coupled with political
instability, led the country into turmoil.
B) Clothing that mirrored social divisions and defined
subcultures allowed an immediate visual determination C) In addition, excessive mining of sand from riverbeds
of the wearer's place and status. has destroyed aquatic habitats.

C) Without a thick coat of hair to protect them from the D) But this stunning victory against hunger has come at a
elements, they had to create an artificial means of huge cost.
retaining body heat in order to survive.
E) With its Green Revolution, India has made a
D) The first woven garments were probably simple spectacular agricultural breakthrough.
rectangles or squares of fabric wrapped around the
body

E) Early clothing was shaped not only by climate and

environment, but also by the materials that were
available to make clothes.
57. In the United States and many Western societies,
autonomy and individualism are the guiding
philosophies. Individuals are socialised and reinforced
to be self-sufficient and independent, and personal
55. There is a popular misconception that medieval food success and achievement are highly valued.
had less variety than modern food, possibly due to the Conversely, Asian cultures are characterised as
number of new ingredients introduced to the cuisine
collectivistic. ---- Roles are interdependent and
after the discovery of the New World. ---- Not only did
inextricably woven into social structures. Therefore, a
they consume domestic livestock such as cows,
decision made by an individual must take into account
sheep, pigs, chicken, geese, and ducks, but they also
the whole rather than merely the individual's needs.
hunted game such as deer, boars, rabbits, and
wildfowl. Commoners were generally not supposed to A) Successes and failures are due to the blessings or
hunt, but they often poached rabbits and wildfowl in anger of their ancestors.
defiance of the laws.
B) In other words, one's identity, behaviours, and
A) At the bottom of the economic scale, people were successes are rooted in collective units such as the
suffering from undernutrition due to lack of food.
family and community.
B) For most of the people, protein came less from meat
than from eggs, butter, and cheese. C) Shameful behaviours do not merely reflect on the
individual but ultimately on his/her entire family,
C) The range of foods was less diverse than it is today
lineage, and even community.
because of the difficulties of preservation.
D) Tomato and potato were among the popular foods D) However, the concept of independence and societal
introduced to the medieval cuisine. cultures. norms can take on different connotations in
different
E) Yet, the 14th-century aristocracy ate a much greater
range of meats than is common today. E) Positive and negative behaviours are believed to
impact future generations in Western culture.

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58. DNA detective work has revealed the ancient origins of 60.-65.. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda
the domesticated watermelon. Its wild counterparts parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz.
found in parts of Africa are nothing like domesticated
varieties. They are small, round and have white flesh
with a very bitter taste due to compounds called
60. (I) Social informatics is a term that lies at the intersection
cucurbitacins. ---- However, pictures on the walls of at
least three ancient Egyptian tombs depict what look between information technology and social science. (II)
like watermelons - including one that looks strikingly Over the past few decades, particularly since the early
like modern varieties. 1990s, there have been dramatic advances in information
technologies. (III) It has two distinct meanings; in the first,
A) In the 19th century, watermelon leaves were found
placed on a mummy in a tomb dating back around social informatics consists of the study of the impacts of
3500 years. information and communication technology (ICT) on
society. (IV) In the second, it consists of the use of ICT to
B) We do not know much about when and where they
advance research in social science. (V) In the second
were domesticated. case, social informatics sometimes is contracted to
C) One ancient Egyptian picture is of what appears to be socioinformatics.
C) an elongated melon, so it seems farmers had bred A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
watermelons at least 3500 years ago.

D) The DNA also reveals that the ancient watermelon was

closely related to a sweet watermelon still grown in the
Darfur region of Sudan. 61. (I) Ships were invented before the beginning of recorded
history. (II) The Egyptians developed true sails by 3500
E) The watermelon was first grown by farmers in Sudan
BCE and the first sail-only boats were being used by 2000
and use of the plant spread northwards along the Nile. BCE. (III) For almost 4,000 years, the leading technological
developments involved refinements in sails and the design
of larger and more powerful ships. (IV) The 19th century
brought the development of steam power; after that time
59. Most historians believe the first Central Americans
ships driven by electricity, fossil fuels, and even nuclear
were people from Asia who migrated around 20,000
years ago across the Bering Strait from Russia and energy were developed. (V) Throughout history, ships have
down through the Americas. ---- Either way, things got served as unifying forces, promoting multilateralism and
decidedly more tense for the region in the next few cultural diversity through trade.
thousand years. Natural disasters, such as hurricanes,
volcanic eruptions and mudslides, destroyed A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
settlements, while rival city-states battled each other.
Then the Europeans showed up, with the first Spanish
settlement established in Panama in 1509.
A) Others argue that seafaring Asians crossed to present- 62. (I) Archaeologists have used remains and nutrient
day California only about 11,000 years ago. analyses of wild plants and animal foods consumed by
B) Most of the 'Indians' who met the Spanish lived in small hunter-gatherers that survived into our age to estimate the
tribes, as corn farmers or hunter-gatherers. dominant composition of prevailing pre-agricultural diets.
(II) The enormous diversity of hunter-gatherer societies -
C) The first European settlement in Central America was ranging from maritime hunters to foragers in arid
established in a region near Panama in 1509. environments - means that there has never been a single
D) In some parts of Central America, one can still trace typical hunter-gatherer diet. (III) These reconstructions
conclude that plant foods, generally consumed within hours
several remnants from the Asian migrants.
after being gathered, supplied 65 to 70 percent of all food
E) To many historians, how the region was populated is energy. (IV) Proteins made up about a third of food energy,
still a mystery that needs to be unearthed. and lipids about 20 percent. (V) Average intakes of
vitamins and minerals were generally well above the
modern recommended daily allowances (RDA).

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

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63. (I) Seen in terms of world history, Columbus achieved a

great deal. (II) His voyages demonstrated that the Atlantic
could be crossed and recrossed in relative safety. (III)
However, just as we cannot draw a precise map of
Columbus's travels, we do not know the extent of his
formal knowledge of geography and related matters. (IV)
This fact, in turn, encouraged others to extend the range of
exploring expeditions, eventually leading to the Spanish
explorer Balboa's discovery of the Pacific Ocean in 1513.
(V) The discovery of the extent of the oceans radically
transformed the European conception of the Earth's
surface, making it possible to sail to all corners of the
Earth.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

64. (I) Burning herbs for purification, grounding and to drive

away negative energies is common in many cultures. (II)
Ancient Egyptians and Greeks burned herbs as an offering
to the gods. (III) In China, also, the Naxi people have a
custom that involves burning incense made from sacred
plants and herbs. (IV) To deepen this historical practice,
one can grow his/her own herbs such as wild ones in the
forests. (V) They do not do it to make a room fragrant or to
meditate, but the effort of creating the incense makes its
burning an important ritual for the Chinese, a way of giving
back.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

65. (I) The history of playing cards is lost in the mists of time.
(II) Some claim they were the invention of the ancient
Chinese, others that they were first used in Ancient Egypt.
(III) India has also been put forward as the place where
they originated. (IV) There are perhaps links with the
Crusaders who may have learned about them from the
Saracens, who may have used them to divine the future
since the eighth century AD. (V) The first cards to arrive in
Britain came from France five hundred years ago, and the
design of the cards is still based on a pattern used all those
years ago.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

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66. - 68. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. 67. The author mentions the cases of measles in
England in order to ----.

A) demonstrate how hazardous the measles vaccine

Conspiracy theories seem shot-through with paranoia, really is
and there is evidence to suggest that the more paranoid
someone is, the more they tend to believe these theories. B) illustrate that those ‘in the know’ can avoid dangerous
However, studies point out that this does not refer to vaccines
severe ‘clinical level’ paranoia, even for those who C) prove that conspiracy theorists are just trying to stay
believe in theories as unreasonable as the Earth being safe
flat instead of a globe. Most conspiracy theories are
mundane, everyday suspicions that we all have to some D) argue that people who are against vaccines are not
extent – not outlandish levels. Recent studies have also actually paranoid
found that people who are more likely to believe in E) show how harmful certain conspiracy theories can be
conspiracy theories also tend to have a need for
uniqueness – a desire to be part of the small group of
people who are ‘in the know’. Conspiracy theories can
seem pretty harmless, but in July 2018, Public health
England announced that more than 750 cases of
measles had been identified across England so far this
year, because a theory was put forth by conspiracy
theorist about the dangers of the measles vaccine. It is
important to note that conspiratorial thinking exists within
all of us. These habits of mind can creep into a lot of
beliefs that do not necessarily look like conspiracy
theories on the surface. In other words, perhaps the most
68. What the author finds most concerning about
dangerous thing of all is to assume that conspiracy
conspiracy theories is that ----.
theorists are all other people.
A) conspiracy theorists should be considered ‘ clinically’
paranoid

B) most people strongly feel the need to be unique

C) conspiratorial thinking aims to understand the world

66. Which of the following best describes the author’s
attitude towards the flat Earth theory? D) conspiracy theorists serve a useful role in society

A) Critical E) any one of us can actually be a conspiracy theorist

B) Indifferent

C) Sympathetic

D) Neutral

E) Approving

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70. One can understand from the passage that in France --

.
69. - 71. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.
A) the performance of the average 18-year-old man on a
reasoning test got better in time
In 1987, political scientist James Flynn of the University B) the youngsters in 1974 had far worse result when
of Otago in New Zealand documented a curious compared to the ones in 1949
phenomenon: broad intelligence gains in multiple human
populations over time. Across 14 countries where C) the increase in IQ scores were not reliable due to the
average IQ scores of large numbers of people in the faulty intelligence tests
population were available for decades, all had an upward D) the average 18-year-old man in 1974 got 25 points
trend, some of them had a dramatic increase. Children in more than his Japanese peers
Japan, for example, gained an average of 20 points on a
test known as the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for E) the average IQ test scores of the average 18-year-old
Children between 1951 and 1975. In France, the average man worsened over the years
18-year-old man performed 25 points better on a
reasoning test in 1974 than did his 1949 counterpart.
Flynn initially suspected the trend reflected faulty tests.
Yet, in the ensuing years, more data and analyses
supported the idea that human intelligence was
increasing over time. Proposed explanations for the
phenomenon, now known as the Flynn effect, include
increasing education, better nutrition, and greater use of
technology. However, beginning with people born in the
1970s, the trend has reversed in some Western
European countries, deepening the mystery of what is
behind the generational variations. But no consensus has
emerged on the underlying cause of these trends.

71. According to the passage, for people born around and

69. According to the passage, James Flynn ----. after 1970s in some Western European countries, ----.

A) revealed that all the countries studied had sharp increases A) performance on IQ tests has got better thanks to
in IQ scores improvements in education, health and technology

B) had already analysed several IQ tests carried out B) scientists have started to believe that human
especially in Western Europe by 1987 intelligence is subject to change over time

C) observed an increase in average IQ scores from past to C) the overall results of young people in basic reasoning
the present in the 14 countries he studied tests have worsened due to poor nutrition

D) tested the claim whether people become more intelligent D) the average performance in intelligence tests has
as they age begun to decrease

E) is the first scientist to conduct a study on the increase of IQ E) the factors causing the general variations have been
scores better understood

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72. - 74. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. 73. It can be inferred from the passage that the Soviets ----
-.

A) opened their doors to sociologists fleeing from China.

When the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) came to national
power in 1949, some Chinese sociologists left the country, but B) did not recognise sociology as a field of study in their
most remained. Initially, those who remained were optimistic own regime
that their skills would be useful to the new government. C) sent sociologists to China to help design its own
Experience in community fieldwork and an orientation toward methods of social investigations.
studying social problems seemed to make Chinese
sociologists natural allies of those constructing a planned D) forced the CCP to abolish sociology and expel
social order. These hopes disappeared quickly in 1952 when sociologists from the country.
the CCP abolished the field of sociology. That decision was E) offered aid to the CCP in achieving its goal of rising to
motivated by the CCP’s desire to follow the Soviet model. The political power.
CCP argued that it had developed its own methods of “social
investigations” during the revolutionary process, with Mao
Zedong playing a leading role in this development. This
approach stressed basic investigations designed to further
official revolutionary or economic goals of the CCP rather than
any sort of search for objective truth. Chinese sociologists,
trained in a different tradition and looking for objective truth to
raise questions about the CCP’s policies, were seen as a
threat to the ideological hegemony of the new regime.

72. According to the passage, which of the following is

true about the CCP? 74. What can be understood from the passage about Mao
Zedong?
A) It tried hard to prevent Chinese sociologists from
leaving the country. A) He feared that sociologists seeking objective truth
could harm the new regime.
B) It refused to ally itself with sociologists before taking
control of the country. B) He took more interest in meeting the CCP’s
revolutionary objectives than economic ones.
C) It made extensive use of the contributions of
sociologists, as expected by them. C) He was the one who gave hope to Chinese sociologists
in the first place.
D It disappointed sociologists who stayed in China after
rising to power. D) He desired to transform the mindset of the remaining
sociologists radically.
E) It wanted to collaborate with sociologists
E) He copied the Soviet model to introduce valuable
who focused mainly on social problems. insights into the study of sociology.

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75. - 77. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. 76. Paula Byrne describes Austen as someone who ----.

A) was typical of English writers at the time

Was Jane Austen a shy, gentle country girl, happy to write B) was aware of the importance of social skills
her romantic novels in the peace and quiet of the family C) was reluctant to express her feelings in letters
house, or was she an independent business woman
determined to achieve fame? This question has provoked D) avoided literary clichés as much as possible
much debate over the past decades and will no doubt E) was sophisticated and aware of the world outside
continue to resurface. Frustratingly, little is known about
Austen, who died tragically young, at the age of 41. Much of
the evidence we have of her life is in the form of the many
letters she wrote to family and friends, which offer a unique
insight into the daily life of the novelist, but little about her
thoughts and feelings. Paula Byrne, who has written two
books on Austen, has never been a subscriber to the cosy
cliché of Austen scribbling her novels in the safety of her
cottage. Instead, she wants people to see her as she really
was; an independent woman in Georgian England who was
well-travelled, socially adept and far more in touch with her
world than has previously been assumed. Austen died in
1817, leaving what may have been her finest novel
unfinished. No matter how one views Jane Austen, there is
no doubt she had so much more to offer the world.
77. Which of the following is implied by the underlined
sentence in the passage?

A) Jane Austen’s role in Georgian England

75. According to the author, many people have questioned
----. B) Jane Austen’s well-known novels

A) why so little is known about Austen even today C) The private life of Jane Austen

B) why Austen wished to be famous in her lifetime D) The early death of Jane Austen

C) what kind of a person Austen really was E) Jane Austen’s frustrations in life

D) why Austen’s books trigger debate in literary circles

E) what genre Austen’s books fall into

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78. - 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. 79. Which of the following is true about ancient Egypt?

A) It was possible for most free Egyptians to become very

rich.
Ancient Egyptian society was composed of three classes, one
of which consisted of “free people.” Free Egyptian citizens - B) Free people were not allowed to work for the
both male and female - possessed two defining rights: they government.
were free to travel and to enter into contractual agreements. C) Marriage ceremonies usually involved a priest.
Although they enjoyed no other rights of modern societies,
their right to make contracts permitted members of this group D) Marriages were religious conventions accompanied by
to own property and marry. Serfs and slaves were also an agreement.
permitted possessions, but they could not transfer them E) The family of the bride was one party of the marital
without a contract - only the free class could acquire and sell contract.
animals, property and buildings as they wished. Though most
free people earned just enough to live on, some accumulated
wealth, and a few even earned high positions in government.
Whether rich or poor, any free person had the right to
marriage. Marriage was not a religious matter in Egypt - no
ceremony involving a priest took place - but simply a social
convention that required an agreement, that is, a contract,
negotiated by the suitor and the family of his prospective wife.
The agreement made an exchange of objects of value
necessary on both sides. The agreement also specified what
property belonged to the woman and what belonged to the
man, as well as stating who would inherit what on the death of
either party. In some cases, a written contract was executed
before witnesses, in others only a verbal agreement took
place.

78. According to the passage, free Egyptian citizens ----.

80. The marriage contract ----.
A) had as many rights as a free citizen in a modern
A) required the exchange of valuable gifts by each party
society
B) ensured all mutual property owned by the couple
B) enjoyed certain rights regardless of gender
transferred to the woman
C) needed a contract to sell and buy possessions
C) did not address the possible death of either the
belonging to serfs
husband or the wife
D) could sell property just the same as slaves and serfs
D) was only legally valid if executed in front of witnesses
E) were required to have a contract in order to travel
E) was handled exclusively by the family of the
prospective wife

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SOSYAL BİLİMLER SORULARI

1. D 21. A 41. D 61. E

2. B 22. C 42. E 62. B

3. D 23. D 43. A 63. C

4. E 24. D 44. B 64. D

5. A 25. B 45. E 65. E

6. D 26. B 46. D 66. A

7. B 27. D 47. A 67. E

8. E 28. B 48. D 68. E

9. B 29. C 49. C 69. C

10. B 30. A 50. B 70. A

11. B 31. B 51. C 71. D

12. C 32. D 52. E 72. D

13. B 33. D 53. A 73. B

14. D 34. B 54. C 74. A

15. B 35. E 55. E 75. C

16. A 36. E 56. D 76. E

17. C 37. A 57. B 77. D

18. B 38. D 58. B 78. B

19. C 39. E 59. A 79. E

20. D 40. D 60. B 80. A