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Radiant Heating Systems Guide

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115 views9 pages

Radiant Heating Systems Guide

Uploaded by

e.eng.struct
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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11.

1 4 RADI A NT HE AT I NG

-JRVJESBEJBOUIFBUJOHTZTUFNTDJSDVMBUFXBSNXBUFSUISPVHI
metal or plastic pipes either encased in a concrete slab that
serves as a thermal mass or secured to the underside of
subflooring with conductive heat plates. The supply water may
be heated in a boiler, heat pump, solar collector, or geothermal
system. In response to the thermostat setting, a control
valve adjusts the supply water temperature by mixing it with
the circulating water from the pipe loops.

t $PODSFUFTMBCPOHSBEF

t .FUBMQJQFTPSQMBTUJDUVCJOHDPNQMFUFMZFNCFEEFEJO
DPODSFUFTMBCBOETQBDFEGSPNUP UP 
PDDMPTFSTQBDJOHTBSFVTFEXIFSFNPSFXBSNUIJTOFFEFE
t 1/2  NJOJNVNDPWFS

t 3JHJEGPBNJOTVMBUJPOBMPOHUIFFEHFBOEBSPVOEUIF
perimeter of the slab
t .PJTUVSFCBSSJFS

t 'JOJTIGMPPSJOH
t 4VCGMPPS

t )FBUJOHQJQFTPSUVCJOHTFDVSFEUPUIFVOEFSTJEFPG
the subflooring with conductive heat plates

t 5IFSNBMJOTVMBUJPOSFRVJSFE

t $FNFOUJUJPVTVOEFSMBZNFOU3/4  NJOJNVNDPWFS

t )FBUJOHQJQFTPSUVCJOH
t 1MBTUJDGPBNJOTVMBUJPOTFSWFTBTBUIFSNBMCSFBL

t &YJTUJOHDPODSFUFTMBC

t 'JOJTIGMPPSJOH
t $FNFOUJUJPVTVOEFSMBZNFOU3/4  NJOJNVNDPWFS

t )FBUJOHQJQFTPSUVCJOHSVOQFSQFOEJDVMBSUPKPJTUGSBNJOH

t &YJTUJOHTVCGMPPSJOH3/4  NJOJNVN
t &YJTUJOHKPJTUT

CSI MasterFormat 23 83 16: Radiant-Heating Hydronic Piping


A CT I V E S O LAR ENE RG Y S Y S T EMS 11.1 5
Active solar energy systems absorb, transfer, and store energy
from solar radiation for building heating and cooling. They normally
DPOTJTUPGUIFGPMMPXJOHDPNQPOFOUT
t 4PMBSDPMMFDUPSQBOFMT
t $JSDVMBUJPOBOEEJTUSJCVUJPOTZTUFNGPSUIFIFBUUSBOTGFS
medium
t )FBUFYDIBOHFSBOETUPSBHFGBDJMJUZ

Solar Collector Panels


t 5IFTPMBSDPMMFDUPSQBOFMTTIPVMECFPSJFOUFEXJUIJO¡PG
true south and not be shaded by nearby structures, terrain, or
trees. The required collector surface area depends on the heat
exchange efficiency of the collector and heat transfer medium,
BOEUIFIFBUJOHBOEDPPMJOHMPBE$VSSFOUSFDPNNFOEBUJPOT
range from 1/3 to 1/2 of the net floor area of the building.

Heat Transfer Medium


t 5IFIFBUUSBOTGFSNFEJVNNBZCFBJS XBUFS PSPUIFSMJRVJE*U
carries the collected heat energy from the solar panels to the
heat exchange equipment or to a storage utility for later use. t "OHMFPGQBOFM
t -JRVJETZTUFNTVTFQJQFTGPSDJSDVMBUJPOBOEEJTUSJCVUJPO"O site latitude +10°
BOUJGSFF[FTPMVUJPOQSPWJEFTGSFF[FQSPUFDUJPOBDPSSPTJPO
retarding additive is required for aluminum pipes.
t 5IFEVDUXPSLGPSBJSTZTUFNTSFRVJSFTNPSFJOTUBMMBUJPOTQBDF
-BSHFSDPMMFDUPSTVSGBDFTBSFBMTPSFRVJSFETJODFUIFIFBU
transfer coefficient for air is less than that of liquids. The
construction of the collector panels, however, is simpler and
OPUTVCKFDUUPQSPCMFNTPGGSFF[JOH MFBLBHF BOEDPSSPTJPO

Storage Facility
t "OJOTVMBUFETUPSBHFGBDJMJUZIPMETIFBUGPSVTFBUOJHIUPSPO t )FBUFYDIBOHFS
overcast days. It may be in the form of a tank filled with water
or other liquid medium, or a bin of rocks or phase-change salts
for air systems. t 4FOTPS DPOUSPMT BOE
pumps for liquid systems
t 5IFIFBUEJTUSJCVUJOHDPNQPOFOUTPGUIFTPMBSFOFSHZTZTUFN or fans for air systems
are similar to those of conventional systems.
t )FBUNBZCFEFMJWFSFECZBOBMMBJSPSBOBJSXBUFSTZTUFN
t 'PSDPPMJOH BIFBUQVNQPSBCTPSQUJPODPPMJOHVOJUJTSFRVJSFE
t "CBDLVQIFBUJOHTZTUFNJTSFDPNNFOEFE

t 'PSBOBDUJWFTPMBSFOFSHZTZTUFNUPCFFGGJDJFOU UIFCVJMEJOH
itself must be thermally efficient and well insulated. Its siting,
orientation, and window openings should take advantage of the
seasonal solar radiation.

t 4FFoGPSQBTTJWFTPMBSEFTJHO
t 4FFGPSQIPUPWPMUBJDUFDIOPMPHZ

CSI MasterFormat 23 56 00: Solar Energy Heating Equipment


11.1 6 CO OL I NG S Y S T EM S

Compressive Refrigeration
t &YQBOTJPOWBMWFSFEVDFTUIF $PNQSFTTJWFSFGSJHFSBUJPOJTBQSPDFTTJOXIJDI
pressure and evaporation DPPMJOHJTFGGFDUFECZUIFWBQPSJ[BUJPOBOE
temperature of a refrigerant expansion of a liquid refrigerant.
as it flows to the evaporator.

t )FBUJTFYUSBDUFE t 3FGSJHFSBOUJTBMJRVJE t )FBUJTSFMFBTFE


from air or water. DBQBCMFPGWBQPSJ[JOHBUB to air or water.
low temperature, such as
ammonia.

t &WBQPSBUPSJTUIF t $POEFOTFSSFEVDFT
component of a a vapor or gas to
refrigeration system liquid form.
t $PNQSFTTPSSFEVDFTUIF
in which the refrigerant
volume and increases the
absorbs heat from a
pressure of a vapor or gas.
cooling medium and Heat Pumps
changes from a liquid Heat pumps are electrically powered heating and
to a vapor or gas. cooling units. For cooling, the normal compressive
refrigeration cycle is used to absorb and transfer
t $POEFOTFS t &WBQPSBUPS t &WBQPSBUPS t $POEFOTFS excess heat to the outdoors. For heating, heat
energy is drawn from the outdoor air by reversing
the cooling cycle and switching the heat exchange
functions of the condenser and evaporator.

Heat pumps are most efficient in moderate


climates where heating and cooling loads are
BMNPTUFRVBM*OGSFF[JOHUFNQFSBUVSFT BIFBU
Winter Heating Summer Cooling pump requires an electric resistance heater to
LFFQUIFPVUEPPSDPJMTGSPNGSFF[JOH

t )FBUJTFYUSBDUFE Absorption Refrigeration


by means of a t 8BUFSWBQPS Absorption refrigeration uses an absorber and a
heat exchanger generator instead of a compressor to transfer
to produce chilled heat and produce cooling.
water for cooling.
t 8BUFS
t &WBQPSBUPS t "CTPSCFSVTFTBTBMJOF
t 4UFBN solution to draw water
t $POEFOTFS vapor from the evaporator,
cooling the remaining
t 8BTUFIFBUJT water in the process.
extracted from
the steam as it t (FOFSBUPSVTFTBIFBU
condenses before source to remove excess
returning to the water vapor from the
evaporator. saline solution.

CSI MasterFormat 23 60 00: Central Cooling Equipment


HVA C S Y S T EMS 11.1 7
Heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning t $IJNOFZFYIBVTUTGMVFHBTFTGSPNUIFCVSOJOHPGGVFM
)7"$ TZTUFNTTJNVMUBOFPVTMZDPOUSPM t $PPMJOHUPXFSJTBTUSVDUVSF VTVBMMZPOUIFSPPGPGB
the temperature, humidity, purity, building, in which heat is extracted from water that has
distribution, and motion of the air in the CFFOVTFEGPSDPPMJOH5IFTJ[FBOEOVNCFSPGDPPMJOH
interior spaces of a building. towers required depends on the cooling requirements of
the building. They should be acoustically isolated from
the structural frame of the building.

t )FBUJOHBOEDPPMJOHFOFSHZDBO t 3FUVSOBJSJTDPOWFZFEGSPNBO
be distributed by air, water, or a air-conditioned space back to the
DPNCJOBUJPOPGCPUI central plant for processing and
see 11.18–11.19. recirculation.

t 1SFIFBUFSTIFBUBJSUIBUJTCFMPX
¡' ¡$ UPBUFNQFSBUVSF
TMJHIUMZBCPWFGSFF[JOH JOBEWBODF
of other processing. t %BNQFSTSFHVMBUFUIFESBGU
t #MPXFSTTVQQMZBJSBUBNPEFSBUF in air ducts, intakes, and outlets.
pressure, as to supply forced
ESBGUTJOB)7"$TZTUFN t &YIBVTUBJS
t )VNJEJGJFSTNBJOUBJOPSJODSFBTF
the amount of water vapor in the
supply air. t 'SFTIBJS

t $IJMMFEXBUFSQMBOU QPXFSFECZ t 'JMUFSTSFNPWFTVTQFOEFEJNQVSJUJFT


electricity, steam, or gas, delivers from the air supply.
chilled water to the air-handling t 0WFSIBMGPGJOEPPSBJSRVBMJUZ
equipment for cooling, and pumps problems result from inadequate
condenser water to the cooling ventilation and filtration. Building
tower for the disposal of heat. codes specify the amount of
ventilation required for certain uses
t #PJMFSQSPEVDFTIPUXBUFSPS and occupancies in air changes per
steam for heating. Boilers require hour or in cubic feet per minute per
fuel (gas or oil) and an air supply QFSTPO"4)3"&SFDPNNFOETUP
for combustion. Oil-fired boilers 20 cfm (0.42 to 0.57 m3/min) per
also need an on-site storage person for most applications.
tank. Electric boilers, which may t 'BOSPPNDPOUBJOTUIFBJSIBOEMJOHFRVJQNFOU
be feasible if electricity costs in large buildings. A single fan room should be located t "JSIBOEMJOHVOJUTDPOUBJO
are low, eliminate the need for UPNJOJNJ[FUIFEJTUBODFDPOEJUJPOFEBJSNVTUUSBWFM the fans, filters, and other
combustion air and a chimney. to the farthest air-conditioned space. Individual fan components necessary to treat
If hot water or steam can be rooms can also be distributed to serve individual and distribute conditioned air.
supplied by a central plant, a [POFTPGBCVJMEJOHPSCFMPDBUFEPOFBDIGMPPSUP
boiler is not required. NJOJNJ[FWFSUJDBMEVDUSVOT

CSI MasterFormat 23 70 00: Central HVAC Equipment


11.1 8 HVA C S Y S TEMS

All-Air Systems
t "TJOHMFEVDU DPOTUBOUBJSWPMVNF $"7 TZTUFNEFMJWFST
conditioned air at a constant temperature through a low-
velocity duct system to the served spaces.
t *OBTJOHMF[POFTZTUFN BNBTUFSUIFSNPTUBUSFHVMBUFTUIF
temperature for the entire building.
t *OBNVMUJ[POFTZTUFN TFQBSBUFEVDUTGSPNBDFOUSBMBJS
IBOEMJOHVOJUTFSWFFBDIPGBOVNCFS[POFT

t "TJOHMFEVDU WBSJBCMFBJSWPMVNF 7"7 TZTUFNVTFTEBNQFST


at the terminal outlets to control the flow of conditioned air
BDDPSEJOHUPUIFUFNQFSBUVSFSFRVJSFNFOUTPGFBDI[POFPS
space.

t "EVBMEVDUTZTUFNVTFTTFQBSBUFEVDUTUPEFMJWFSXBSNBJS
and cool air to mixing boxes, which contain thermostatically
controlled dampers.
t 5IFNJYJOHCPYFTQSPQPSUJPOBOECMFOEUIFXBSNBOEDPMEBJSUP
reach the desired temperature before distributing the blended
BJSUPFBDI[POFPSTQBDF
t 5IJTJTVTVBMMZBIJHIWFMPDJUZTZTUFN<GQN
NNJO PSIJHIFS>UPSFEVDFEVDUTJ[FTBOE
installation space.

t "UFSNJOBMSFIFBUTZTUFNPGGFSTNPSFGMFYJCJMJUZJONFFUJOH
changing space requirements. It supplies air at about 55°F
¡$ UPUFSNJOBMTFRVJQQFEXJUIFMFDUSJDPSIPUXBUFS
reheat coils, which regulate the temperature of the air being
GVSOJTIFEUPFBDIJOEJWJEVBMMZDPOUSPMMFE[POFPSTQBDF

All-Water Systems
t 1JQFT XIJDISFRVJSFMFTTJOTUBMMBUJPOTQBDFUIBOBJSEVDUT 
deliver hot or chilled water to fan-coil units in the served
spaces.

t "UXPQJQFTZTUFNVTFTPOFQJQFUPTVQQMZIPUPSDIJMMFEXBUFS
to each fan-coil unit and another to return it to the boiler or
chilled water plant.
t 'BODPJMVOJUTDPOUBJOBOBJSGJMUFSBOEBDFOUSJGVHBMGBOGPS
drawing in a mixture of room air and outside air over coils of
heater or chilled water and then blowing it back into the space.

t "GPVSQJQFTZTUFNVTFTUXPTFQBSBUFQJQJOHDJSDVJUT‰
one for hot water and one for chilled water—to provide
simultaneous heating and cooling as needed to the
WBSJPVT[POFTPGBCVJMEJOH

t 7FOUJMBUJPOJTQSPWJEFEUISPVHIXBMMPQFOJOHT CZJOGJMUSBUJPO PS


by a separate duct system.
HVA C S Y S T EMS 11.1 9
Air-Water Systems
t "JSXBUFSTZTUFNTVTFIJHIWFMPDJUZEVDUTUPTVQQMZ
DPOEJUJPOFEQSJNBSZBJSGSPNBDFOUSBMQMBOUUPFBDI[POF
or space, where it mixes with room air and is further
heated or cooled in induction units.
t 5IFQSJNBSZBJSESBXTJOSPPNBJSUISPVHIBGJMUFSBOE
the mixture passes over coils that are heated or chilled
by secondary water piped from a boiler or chilled-water
plant.
t -PDBMUIFSNPTUBUTDPOUSPMXBUFSGMPXPWFSUIFDPJMTUP
regulate air temperature.

Packaged Systems
t 1BDLBHFETZTUFNTBSFTFMGDPOUBJOFE XFBUIFSQSPPG
units incorporating a fan, filters, compressor, condenser,
and evaporator coils for cooling. For heating, the unit
may operate as a heat pump or contain auxiliary heating
elements. Packaged systems are powered by electricity
or by a combination of electricity and gas.

t 1BDLBHFETZTUFNTNBZCFNPVOUFEBTBTJOHMFQJFDFPG
equipment on the roof or on a concrete pad alongside an
exterior wall of a building.

t 3PPGUPQQBDLBHFEVOJUTNBZCFQMBDFEBUJOUFSWBMTUP
serve long buildings.
t 1BDLBHFETZTUFNTXJUIWFSUJDBMTIBGUTUIBUDPOOFDUUP
IPSJ[POUBMCSBODIEVDUTDBOTFSWFCVJMEJOHTVQUPGPVSPS
five stories in height.

t 4QMJUQBDLBHFETZTUFNTDPOTJTUPGBOPVUEPPSVOJU
incorporating the compressor and condenser and an
indoor unit that contains the cooling and heating coils
BOEUIFDJSDVMBUJOHGBOJOTVMBUFESFGSJHFSBOUUVCJOHBOE
control wiring connect the two parts.

t 4NBMMUFSNJOBMVOJUTNBZCFNPVOUFEEJSFDUMZCFMPXB
window or in openings cut into the exterior wall of each
served space. Window-mounted units are typically used
for retrofitting existing buildings.
11.2 0 HVA C S Y S TEMS
Factors to consider in the selection, design, and
installation of a heating, ventilating, and air-
DPOEJUJPOJOHTZTUFNJODMVEF

t 1FSGPSNBODF FGGJDJFODZ BOECPUIUIFJOJUJBMBOEMJGF t "TJOHMFDPSFJTPGUFOVTFEJO


costs of the system high-rise office buildings to leave a
t 'VFM QPXFS BJS BOEXBUFSSFRVJSFEBOEUIFNFBOT maximum amount of unobstructed
GPSUIFJSEFMJWFSZBOETUPSBHFTPNFFRVJQNFOUNBZ rentable area.
require direct access to the outdoors. t $FOUSBMMPDBUJPOTBSFJEFBMGPSTIPSU
t 'MFYJCJMJUZPGUIFTZTUFNUPTFSWJDFEJGGFSFOU[POFT runs and efficient distribution
of a building, which may have different demands patterns.
CFDBVTFPGVTFPSTJUFPSJFOUBUJPO%FDFOUSBMJ[FEPS
local systems are economical to install, require short t 1MBDJOHUIFDPSFBMPOHBOFEHF
EJTUSJCVUJPOSVOT BOEBMMPXFBDITQBDFPS[POFUP leaves an unobstructed floor space
have individual temperature control, while central but occupies a portion of the daylit
systems are generally more energy-efficient, easier to perimeter.
service, and offer better control of air quality.
t 5ZQFBOEMBZPVUPGUIFEJTUSJCVUJPOTZTUFNVTFEGPS t %FUBDIFEDPSFTMFBWFBNBYJNVN
UIFIFBUJOHBOEDPPMJOHNFEJB5PNJOJNJ[FGSJDUJPO amount of floor space but require
loss, ductwork and piping should have short, direct long service runs and cannot serve
runs with a minimum of turns and offsets. as lateral bracing.
t 4QBDFSFRVJSFNFOUTGPSUIFNFDIBOJDBMFRVJQNFOU
and the distribution system. The heating, ventilating, t 5XPDPSFTNBZCFTZNNFUSJDBMMZ
and air-conditioning equipment of a building can often placed to reduce service runs and to
PDDVQZUPPGUIFBSFBPGBCVJMEJOHTPNF serve effectively as lateral bracing,
pieces of equipment also require space or a domain for but the remaining floor area loses
access, service, and maintenance. Air duct systems some flexibility in layout and use.
require more space than either pipes carrying hot or
chilled water or wiring for electric resistance heating. t .VMUJQMFDPSFTBSFPGUFOVTFEJO
%VDUXPSLTIPVMEUIFSFGPSFCFDBSFGVMMZMBJEPVUUP broad, low-rise buildings in order to
be integrated with the structure and spaces of a BWPJEMPOHIPSJ[POUBMSVOT
building, as well as with its plumbing and electrical t 5IFDPSFTNBZCFEJTQFSTFEUP
systems. CFUUFSTFSWFTQBDFTPS[POFTUIBU
t "DDFTTSFRVJSFEGPSTFSWJDFBOENBJOUFOBODF have different demands and load
t $POTUSVDUJPOSFRVJSFNFOUTGPSUIFFODMPTVSFPGUIF requirements.
mechanical plant, fire resistance, and noise and t *OBQBSUNFOUCVJMEJOHTBOEPUIFS
vibration control structures housing repetitive units,
t 4USVDUVSBMSFRVJSFNFOUTJNQPTFECZUIFXFJHIUPGUIF the cores may be situated between
equipment the units or along interior corridors.
t %FHSFFPGWJTJCJMJUZ XIFUIFSDPODFBMFEXJUIJOUIF
construction or exposed to view. If ductwork is to
be left exposed, the layout should have a visually t 5IFTFSWJDFDPSFPSDPSFTPGBCVJMEJOHIPVTFUIF
coherent order and be coordinated with the physical vertical distribution of mechanical and electrical
elements of the space (e.g., structural elements, services, elevator shafts, and exit stairways.
lighting fixtures, surface patterns). These cores must be coordinated with the
structural layout of columns, bearing walls, and
shear walls or lateral bracing as well as with the
desired patterns of space, use, and activity.
Shown above are some basic ways in which we
can lay out the service cores of a building.
A I R DI ST RI B U T I O N O U TL ET S 11.2 1
Air for heating, cooling, and ventilating is supplied through registers
and diffusers. They should be evaluated in terms of their air-flow
capacity and velocity, pressure drop, noise factor, and appearance.

t %JGGVTFSTIBWFTMBUT t (SJMMTBSFTJNQMZHSBUJOHT
at different angles for or perforated screens for
deflecting warm or covering and protecting an
conditioned air from opening.
an outlet in various t 3FHJTUFSTDPOUSPMUIFGMPX
directions. of warm or conditioned air
t $FJMJOHEJGGVTFST from an outlet, composed
discharge low-velocity air of a grill with a number of
in a spreading pattern. parallel blades that may be
t %JGGVTFSTNBZCFSPVOE  adjusted so as to overlap
square, or linear, or be in and close the opening.
the form of perforated t 'MPPSSFHJTUFSTBSF
ceiling tiles. used to control heat loss
and condensation along
exterior windows and
walls.
Air-supply outlets should be located to distribute warm or cool air to
the occupied areas of a space comfortably, without noticeable drafts,
and without stratification. The throw distance and spread or diffusion
pattern of the supply outlet should be carefully considered along with
any obstructions that might interfere with the air distribution.

t 4QSFBE 4 JTUIFFYUFOU
to which a projected air
t 5ISPX 5 JTUIFEJTUBODFB
stream diffuses at the end
projected air stream travels
of the throw.
from an outlet to a point where
t 5IFTQBDJOHPGPVUMFUT
its velocity is reduced to a
should be approximately
specified value. It is determined
equal to the extent of
by the air velocity and the shape
their spread.
BOETJ[FPGUIFPVUMFU
t 'BOTIBQFEUISPX45

t 4USBJHIUUISPX45

t 5TIPVMEFYUFOEBUMFBTU3/4 of
the depth of a space.

CSI MasterFormat 23 37 13: Diffusers, Registers, and Grilles


11.2 2 WAT ER S U PP LY

8BUFSJTVTFEJOBCVJMEJOHJOUIFGPMMPXJOHXBZT
t 8BUFSJTDPOTVNFECZESJOLJOH DPPLJOH BOEXBTIJOH
t )7"$TZTUFNTDJSDVMBUFXBUFSGPSIFBUJOHBOE
t 5PUBMPQFSBUJOHIFBE cooling, and maintaining a desirable level of humidity.
service pressure t 'JSFQSPUFDUJPOTZTUFNTTUPSFXBUFSGPSFYUJOHVJTIJOH
minus friction head loss fires.
t 1SFTTVSFUBOLNBJOUBJOT
service pressure. It requires Water must be supplied to a building in the correct
electrical power and a fused quantity, and at the proper flow rate, pressure, and
disconnect switch. temperature, to satisfy the above requirements. For
t *OTUBMMTVQQMZQJQFCFMPX human consumption, water must be potable—free of
frost line. harmful bacteria—and palatable. To avoid the clogging
or corrosion of pipes and equipment, water may have to
be treated for hardness or excessive acidity.

t 8FMMTIPVMECFMPDBUFEBU If water is supplied by a municipal or public system,


least 100' (30 m) away from there can be no direct control over the quantity or
building sewers, septic tanks, quality of water supplied until it reaches the building
and sewage disposal fields, site. If a public water system is not available, then either
and should be accessible to drilled or bored wells or rainwater storage tanks are
permit the removal of the required.
well casings or pump for
maintenance or repair. Well water, if the source is deep enough, is usually
t $IFDLBQQMJDBCMFDPEFTUIBU pure, cool, and free of discoloration and taste or odor
govern well locations and problems. A sample should be checked for bacteria and
installations. chemical content by the local health department before
a well is put into operation.
Private Well

t 8BUFSNBJOJTUIFDPOEVJUUISPVHI t 4FSWJDFQJQFDPOOFDUTBCVJMEJOH t #VJMEJOHTIVUPGG


which a public or community water to a water main, usually installed valve
system conveys water to all service by or under the jurisdiction of a
connections. public utility.

t $PSQPSBUJPOTUPQJTBWBMWF t $VSCCPYQSPWJEFTBDDFTTUPBXBUFSNFUFSUIBUNFBTVSFT
controlling the flow of water and records the quantity of water that passes through
from a main to a service pipe. a service pipe, and the control valve for shutting off the
water supply to a building in case of an emergency.
Public Water Supply

CSI MasterFormat 33 10 00: Water Utilities


CSI MasterFormat 33 11 00: Groundwater Sources

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