A 4-Strand Approach to Reading

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Paul Nation - Casey Malarcher

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Paul Nation - Casey Malarcher

Power Reading 2
Paul Nation - Casey Malarcher

© 2016 Compass Publishing

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in

a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior
permission in writing from the publisher.

Acquisitions Editor: Casey Malarcher

Content Editor: Anne Taylor
Copy Editor: Andrea Janzen
Cover/Design: SLDesign

email: info@compasspub.com
http://www.compasspub.com

The authors would like to acknowledge the following writers for

contributing materials to this book: Stephanie Alexander, David Charlton,
Michael Souza

ISBN: 978-1-945387-29-6

NOROR Semon omtmonc

ZOOSmay,

Photo Credits
Cover © Shutterstock, Inc.
All photos are from Shutterstock, Inc. except p. 10 © Barcroft Media and
p. 61 courtesy of Wikimedia Commons

Printed in Korea
 Contents

PIGW TOMISE UMS BOO Mecsas oo Sees is eas Sodas tase od cepa dna cmaato i oogedepadacenns 4

Unit 1 Mele) Amazing Powers vrrriccccceerrereteteiee

settee eeettee eeetteees 9

Unit 2 BEN OTABIOONG

OG AS ara RNS Ree EAA tae 15

Unit 3 Different Ways to Learn sires 21

Unit 4 Mme 1S IC 1M YOU BIGOC 2 -oerrress cece ses eree ees cees or eeeseceeeneens 27

Unit 5

Unit 6 BEM Following the Beat --:-:es sere eee eterna. 39

Unit 7 BH Not Just a Pretty Logo sss

ee teeter reteees AS

Unit 8 BM Food for Thought --s::es eter eeseteee sence eeeseneseceenes 51

Unit 9 Wa Where Have All the Pretty Birds Flown? «ss Sy)

Unit 10

Unit 11 BN NM Ucic Wakes stssc0 teraretc

tte. reer sauce cten seme 69

Unit 12 MM eNational Game. ee, Ws

Unit 13 A Unknown History ccccccreterrreteetiee

tne tnees 81

Unit 14 WENO. 1 in “Team” sccctsccrectteteteteceeesseeeceseseseectecweoessuese 87

Unit 15

Unit 16

Word List HOO GOD O06 6 OOOO b DNS OD ODORS OOOOO DOD GOCO GOKU HOOD DO UU DUN DODD CODDDODODUUOUUOCOUUCUGUODOOOUGUDOD 105
 How to Use This Book
Power Reading is a three-book series specifically developed for the intermediate to advanced
English language learner. The series has been developed to support a four-strand approach to
language instruction. Each unit incorporates reading and listening passages of related content to
both engage and inform learners. The graded levels of the series allow learners to comfortably
progress to longer and more challenging topics as they move from book to book. Extension
activities in the Power Reading series support development of learners’ reading, listening, writing,
and discussion skills through supplemental content building on each unit's main topic.

Warm-Up

Two discussion questions are

presented on the title page of the
unit. These questions relate to
the content of the opening image
for the unit and target learners’
background knowledge and
experience related to the topic.
After thinking about the questions
together in small groups or as a
class, learners will be prepared to
move into the main part of the unit.

1, Whatis happening in the picture? Could you do this?

ee
is
2. What kind of special powers have you heard some
people have? es Vocabulary Focus

The reading and listening passages

Vocabulary inocus for Power Reading have been
Match the definition with the right
é
expression
developed
;
with reference to ; .
; an _ high-frequency vocabulary lists in
—_ a fraveling show. a. comic book | 5 f

a skillor talent for doing something b. hero | order to control the introduction
7 7 i | A, '
3. ___ to make something straight into
acurve ¢ amazing | of a limited number of vocabulary
oa .
ate hie os es: : eat 2
someone vou respec! or thew elugence or abihoes a.
: :
ability
|
|

items in each unit. All of these target

= 7. ~

5. ____ to support somethingac the top bur leave the bottom free e benc

6) oe nreollecnonabl stores toldiin drawings E sword | vocabulary words are presented

____ a kind of long knife used for fighting g. circus | in a definition-matching activity
8 very surprising h. hang
; | to facilitate comprehension of the
ve main reading passage of each unit.
Reading
Real People, Real Powers «
The second page of each unit presents a short article
related to the unit topic. All reading passages in the
Power Reading series have been developed to target
constrained readability and vocabulary ranges. These reat things with hiis body. He canbend metal bars with his hands
itshoes on a sword andnotcut his feet.Hu Quiong bunulyaman
ranges aim to develop reading skills while keeping
the informative content of the passages accessible to
learners at each book's recommended skill level.

Words & Phrases

A limited number of topic-specific vocabulary items or

idiomatic expressions are placed below each passage to Words & Phrases

support learners who have not encountered these words UN coir evenhe BY
balance no aby19cao! ees weghe20
Aion en Ue HC Hh
and phrases before. |leaner © + OF soln nyDe es

X=t-Telfare M@Celaalelg-lal-lard
(ela)

The Reading Comprehension activity of each unit

presents a set of multiple-choice questions designed
to give readers practice answering question types
commonly encountered on standardized tests of
reading: main idea, fact, negative fact, inference, and
comprehension of word/phrase meaning from context.

Vocabulary Review

Fill in the missing word, Use the carrect word form

aoility amszing bend trang pero, sword
The Vocabulary Review activity of each unit provides
LN bot of peuple say Maren Laathier King. Jr 9th exposure to the target vocabulary of the unit. These
activities vary from unit to unit so that learners practice
using new words in a variety of ways over the course of
each book.

fol aetielalemtelle) pars

The Words and Idioms activity of each unit is designed

to practice idioms and collocations that have a strong
tendency to occur together. Two expressions are
introduced and defined. Then practice is given within the
context of new sentences. This activity aids students in
their English fluency and natural usage of the language.
Words and Idioms

© Look back at the reading Find

stick ©
€ie-laslsatelarmerel! make believe inn
© Write the correct expression inthe blank
1 Magical
2 Don't

The Grammar Focus activity of each unit targets one key Grammar Focus

grammatical structure from the Reading. After thinking © Study the language betow

about the grammar point, learners complete a sentence

activity using the core grammar. This gives learners © Match to make complete sentences if the first part is complete, match with a period

practice at using correct grammar in an everyday

context.

WVfoYer-) olULE-LaYm .4¢-Jari(e]a)

The Vocabulary Extension activity of each unit serves as

additional exposure to the target vocabulary of the unit
in new contexts. Original sentences are used to confirm
the learners’ understanding of the new words.
Strategy Focus

Strategy Focus is an extension activity that includes Strategy Focus > Paraphrasing
quotations, infographics, or factoids related to the @ Read what some famous peopie said about ability and power

unit topic. These short, informative materials are used

as a springboard for discussion or comprehension
activities that require learners to demonstrate a basic
understanding of the key concepts presented in the unit.

BE\Uale melials © Write the correct number

Who thinks
in the lank

Two open-ended discussion questions further target

learners’ personal experiences and opinions related to
the information presented in the previous section.

Think About It

Imagine you could have any kind of ability that you want. What ability would you
choose? What would you do with this ability? Complete the chart below
Abily zy De
Put It Together

The final page of each unit presents a set of three

activities that synthesize a variety of language skills.
Srl able dence ea ie al ane The content of the three parts of the activity on this page
ii as) a is based on the main topic of the unit, and the activities
Ea | i build upon each other to scaffold practice of different
| language skills. Through individual brainstorming,
7 ‘ 7 reading, pair-work, group-work, or whole-class
activities, learners put to use both known and new
Fill in the summary using information from one of your partners
information by listening, speaking, and writing in English.

Author Paul Nation

Paul Nation is a professor of Applied Linguistics in the School of Linguistics and Applied Language Studies
at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. He has taught in Indonesia, Thailand, the United States,
Finland, and Japan. His specialist interests are language teaching methodology and vocabulary learning.
Teaching Tips
The following approaches are suggested for teachers who are using Power Reading in courses
that focus on a four-strand approach to language instruction. The suggested activities should be
adapted as needed to suit class size and allotted class times.

¢ Warm-Up
Ask learners to work silently at first. Have them read the questions and jot down a few
words or notes related to each question. After learners have had the opportunity to silently
consider the questions and write notes, they will be better prepared to speak with partners or
in small groups. It does not matter if learners’ answers to these questions are correct, or not related
to the unit’s content. Giving any answer at this stage promotes active listening and reading later
in the unit.

¢ Vocabulary Focus
In addition to having learners simply match the definitions and words, ask them to predict
how the words or expressions might relate to the unit content. It is not necessary for learners’
predictions to be correct. The act of predicting naturally stimulates learners’ curiosity, resulting
in active listeners and readers who search to find out if their predictions are correct or not.

¢ Reading
At the beginning or end of class, learners can practice their reading fluency by silently
re-reading passages from units that the class has already studied. This kind of activity is an
excellent way to reinforce previously learned vocabulary while developing reading speed.

* Reading Comprehension
After checking the answers to the activity as a class, have learners write their own reading
comprehension questions. After learners have written their own questions, have them work
in small groups asking each other the questions they created. The other group members
should try to answer from memory.

¢ Grammar Focus
After completing the activity, have learners read the sentences in pairs for pronunciation
practice.

¢ Talking Point
For this activity, pairs or groups can be given the option of selecting one of the questions to
discuss rather than trying to talk about both questions during their discussion time.
Additionally, in order to make pairs or small groups accountable for their discussions, require
them to nominate a secretary to take notes while they discuss. They should also nominate
a reporter. After a given period of discussion time, ask the secretaries to give their notes to
the reporters. A reporter from each pair or group then explains one or two interesting points
listed in the notes from the discussion activity.
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 PEOPLE

1. What is happening in the picture? Could you do this?

2. What kind of special powers have you heard some
people have?

Match the definition with the right expression.

ile a traveling show a. comic book

2. a skill or talent for doing something b. hero
3. to make something straight into a curve c. amazing
4. someone you respect for their intelligence or abilities d. ability
by to support something at the top but leave the bottom free e. bend
6. a collection of stories told in drawings f. sword
if a kind of long knife used for fighting @ cifcus
8. very surprising h. hang

oO
 Real People, Real Powers &
Have you ever watched a movie or read a comic book about someone with special
powers? Maybe they could fly, or they were very strong, or they could move objects
with their mind. Such heroes in comics and movies are only make believe. But there
are real people who do have amazing powers and abilities.
Hu Oiong is from China. The people in his village call him “the man who cannot
break.” He practices a special kind of exercise that helps him focus his body’s energy.
The Chinese call this energy “chi.” Hu Qiong has spent many years developing his chi
and now can do great things with his body. He can bend metal bars with his hands
as well as walk without shoes on a sword and not cut his feet. Hu Qiong is truly a man
who cannot break.
Tim Cridland is from the US. He is a circus performer who can control his feeling of
pain. Tim can stick large pins into his body and feel nothing. He can hit his hand or foot
with a heavy weight and feel no pain. Tim says that pain is all in the mind. He says that
if you can control your mind, you can control pain.
Jyothi Raj is from India. He has the ability to climb up walls. When Jyothi was a child,
he used to watch monkeys climb trees and buildings in his village. He was surprised
at their balance and strength. As he watched them, he began to copy their behavior.
He also exercised and made his hands, arms, and legs stronger. After some time, Jyothi
could climb up very high walls like a monkey. He could even hang from a tall building
with only one finger.
Maybe amazing powers are not only found in comic books. Maybe they can be
found in all of us if we train ourselves hard enough.

Words & Phrases

chin. energy or force inside one’s body

balance n. the ability to control one’s weight
and position in order to stand or move well
behavior n. a way of acting or doing things

10
 Reading Comprehension
Circle the best answer.

1. What is the main topic of the reading?

a. People who live overseas b. People with unusual skills
c. People who are heroes d. People who write comic books

2. Why is Hu Qiong called “the man who cannot break’’?

a. He can focus his energy to make his body strong.
b. He always uses things that are very strong.
c. He never takes a break when he exercises.
d. He cannot break things with his hands.

3. Why does Tim Cridland feel no pain?

a. He has unusually thick skin. b. He has a medical condition.
c. He controls his thoughts. d. He wears protective clothes.

4. Which of the following is NOT true?

a. Raj copied an animal’s actions. b. Cridland lifts weights to improve his abilities.
c. Some people do not feel pain... d. A man in China has developed a very strong body.

5. What does pain is all in the mind in line 13 mean?

a. You should not worry about pain.

b. A lot of pain can make your head very painful.
c. If you think a lot, your head will hurt.
d. We can make ourselves believe pain is not real.

Vocabulary Review
Fill in the missing word. Use the correct word form.

ability amazing bend hang hero sword

1. A lot of people say Martin Luther King, Jr., is their . He was a great man.

Del eel forward, | can put my head on my knees.

3. I think my special is playing the piano.

4. Monkeys like to from trees.

5. The man had a(n) experience in Spain.

6. A(n) is usually very sharp and can cut well.

 ok on’ ia oN alam Mr-Wale Ur Ke i=

WAVol
ee KarelaYelaellolaats

© Look back at the reading. Find and circle these expressions.

stick v. to push something sharp into something else

make believe idiom pretend; not real; imaginary |

® Write the correct expression in the blank.

1. Magical creatures from fairy tales, like trolls and elves, are all
2 ont your finger in the soup. It’s too hot!

Glelaalitelenmeralhs

@® Study the language below.

@ Match to make complete sentences. If the first part is complete, match with a period.

1. He stuck e Wa Ash

Ze Viey-can ys « e b. three years in China.

3. Weexercised e ec...

4. She spent e e d. the knife into the watermelon.

Vocabulary Extension
Circle the best answer.

1. If youare___ to complete the work by Friday, I will ask another builder to do the job.
a. ability b. able c. unable d. inability

2. My favorite female character was not the ____ of the story.

a. hero b. heroine c. heroic d. heroically
3. The sword was __ in the middle, so it was of no use.

a. bend b. nonbending c. unbend d. bent

4. Wewatchedin__as the boy climbed the wall.

a. amazement b. amaze c. amazing d. amazingly

5. You need to have good _____ to walk across that small bridge.

a. balancing b. unbalanced c. imbalance d. balance

 Focus on Strategies

Strategy Focus > Paraphrasing

@® Read what some famous people said about ability and power.

1. You have power over 2. Ifyou can dream

your mind—not outside it, you can do it.
events. Realize this, and
alt DiDisney
—Walt
you will find strength.
— Marcus Aurelius

4. Man often becomes what he

believes himselfto be. If |keep on
3. Most folks are about as saying to myself that | cannot doa
happy as they make up certain thing, it is possible that | may
their minds to be. end by really becoming incapable of
—Abraham Lincoln doing it.
— Mahatma Gandhi

@® Write the correct number in the blank.

Who thinks...

a. if you believe you can’t do something, you will

become unable to do it?

b. you can make your dreams come true?

c. you can’t control what happens around your

d. you have control over your feelings

Talking Point
1. Which quote do you agree with? Why?
2. What do you think is more important: a strong body or a strong mind? Explain.
 PUT IT TOGETHER

DMallal.avan Xolvnan he

Imagine you could have any kind of ability that you want. What ability would you
choose? What would you do with this ability? Complete the chart below.

Ability Do

Me

Ask two partners about their ideas. Take notes about their answers.

| gq ablityy © ye" +6 Piel ee oe

Partner 1

Partner 2

|
Write the summary. Fill in the blanks using information from one of your partners.
= a a a SS FS ES SS RS AD EL STE ELE SEIDEL REESE Te SE eS es LEE SS EE,

My partner chose

|
as his/her ability. This is a physical/mental power. If he/she had this ability, he/she would
. He/She would also
|

I think
it sounds

A
EEE
OR
SS
“SS
DSL
DDSI REELS ALPE
LEE LOSESES AT PSO TERE EIS PETS A OL ESRS 2 a ET aL AE EE ENECEE SST
 1. What is your favorite kind of noodles?
2. Why do you like them?
REPRE Sa ee

Vocabulary Focus
Match the definition with the right word.

1: the way something feels = wheat

2 tasting or smelling like nuts oT texture
3. water that has been boiled with meat or vegetables noodle

4. one of the things that goes into a mixture to make food ee buckwheat
5. requiring a lot of work to cut with one’s teeth ingredient

6. a small dark grain that is healthier than wheat nutty

ae a grain used to make flour for bread 09 broth
8. a thin strip of dough made from flour and water that is cooked h. chewy

in boiling water
UNIT 2

15
 Oodles of Noodles #
There are many different ways to make noodles. They can taste salty, sweet, or
earthy. They can also have different sizes and textures. Noodles are particularly
important in Asian cooking. Soba and udon are popular in Japan. La mian (also called
ramen) and lo mein are popular in China. Rice and glass noodles are popular in Vietnam
and Thailand. No matter where they are from, all noodles have very simple ingredients,
though. They are also very easy to make.
Many noodles are made from wheat flour, salt, and water. They are often served
in a soup made from broth. Ramen comes from China. These noodles can be thick
or thin and are usually served in soup. Meat is very popular in the broth for ramen.
Lo mein is another popular noodle from China. It is not served in a soup. It is mixed
with a sauce. Vegetables or meat is then added. Soba and udon are Japanese noodles.
Soba noodles are made with buckwheat flour instead of wheat flour. Buckwheat is a
grain that is very good for you. Soba noodles can be eaten cold or hot. They are thin and
have a nutty taste. Udon noodles, on the other hand, are thick and chewy.
Other noodles are made from rice or bean starch instead of wheat. Rice noodles
are common in Vietnamese soup. They are also popular in Chinese and Thai cooking.
Thin rice noodles are used in dishes with meat and vegetables. Wider rice noodles are
popular in soups. Glass noodles are popular in Vietnamese and Thai dishes. These bean-
starch noodles become clear when cooked. They can be served in soups and vegetable
dishes. They can also be used in spring rolls.
Are you up for some noodles now? If so, have something you have never had
before. There are many different choices. It is fun to try something new.

Words & Phrases

starch n. an ingredient found in grains, beans, and

potatoes that can be used in cooking, especially to
make sauces thicker
dish n. food that is prepared in a particular way
spring roll n. an Asian dish in which meat and
vegetables are rolled up inside of a thin pancake
and then fried

16
Reading Comprehension
Circle the best answer.

1. What is the main idea of the reading?

a. Japanese noodles are the best. b. Noodles can be made in different ways.
c. Buckwheat is better than wheat. d. Noodles made from rice are not popular.

2. What are soba noodles made from?

a. Wheat b. Rice
c. Bean starch d. Buckwheat

3. Which is true about noodle dishes according to the reading?

a. They can be made with many things. b. They are always made with broth.
c. They are best eaten cold. d. They don’t go well with vegetables.

4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the reading?

a. Glass noodles are popular in Vietnam.
b. Rice noodles become clear when cooked.
c. Glass noodles are good with vegetables.
d. Lo mein noodles can be served in broth.

5. What does are (you) up for in line 21 meanp

a. To be awake b. To be finished
c. To be interested in d. To be next in order

Vocabulary Review
Fill in the missing word. Use the correct word form.

chewy ingredient buckwheat noodle texture broth

1. My favorite are those used in Italian cooking.

There are not many in this soup, but it tastes great!

I really do not like foods. They take too long to eat.

ve of food is important. For example, it can be crunchy, chewy, or hard.

I really like soups made from chicken

fw
An is supposed to be very healthy for you.
 Focus on Language

WAVLol
ge eeeVaYe baKelCelaaks

@® Look back at the reading. Find and circle these expressions.

|oodles n. a great number or amount; a lot |

no matter idiom regardless; it is not dependent on |

@® Write the correct expression in the blank.

1) This storenas of shirts to choose from. We're going to be here

forever while Cindy decides.
2 if they are girls or boys, children love to read these books about
young magicians.

GTelaalatelenmelalhs

© Study the language below.

® Circle the best choice to complete the sentence.

1. My friend Lilly can (make / be made) really good ramen.

2. Meat can (serve / be served) with noodles and vegetables.
3. Some breads (make / are made) from rice flour.
4 My grandmother (eats / is eaten) cold soba noodles.

Vocabulary Extension
aT arma.

[ Wheat a
Write the right word in the blank. Use the correct form of the word. chewy nutty
broth
1. This steak is very . I prefer it to be soft and tender. | NOCdle texture
~ OOdle
2. I can’t go out tonight. I have of homework to do. asi ; Starch
tee Rare beat ingredient
3. Sesame oil can add a delicious, flavor to noodle dishes. oe

4. She doesn’t like the of these noodles. They are too soft and squishy.

5. We need something with , like potatoes.

6. Most noodles and breads are made from flour.

 Focus on Strategies

Strategy Focus > Details

©® Read the following recipes for making ramen.

Boil 2 cups of water. Add ramen noodles,

breaking them up if desired.
* Cook for3 minutes, stirring occasionally.
* Remove from heat. Stir in seasoning
from the flavor packet.
*To lower sodium, use less seasoning.

is. ae a Rh al
f2 | * Prepare ri men noodles and ek | : er /

«+ Addramennoodes,2cupot
sie soup according tothe package. ~ © Boil 2 cups of water in apot. \

|-«+ AddGrckoneegginiothehotsoup.
halfatablespoon of butter. _ Per PES heat em a |
<< oo a a e Se aaa ig and 2 leaves of cabbage (tornin
a Puta slice ofAmerican cheese he 96 pieces). -
pom meOm tepofithe soupsAs the. 2m > a Goole Zs
cheese melts, stirandenjoy. cope Mac ye
ae es es ees * Remove from heat and enjoy. —
ae ee, |

@® Write the correct number in the blank.

Which recipe has...

a. healthy things like meat and vegetables in ite

b. nothing in it except what comes in the packager

c. the most calories and fat from dairy products?

Talking Point
1. Which of the recipes above sounds the best to your Why?
2. How often do you eat noodles? Are they best for breakfast, lunch, or dinner?
 PUT IT TOGETHER

Think About It

Work with a partner. Together, think of some kind of food with noodles that you
have both eaten. Then, on the lines below, write four or five things that are in the
food.

Food Ingredients
Alfredo pasta + noodles, white cheese, milk, butter

Ask It

In the chart, write the ingredients from your food. Then ask two classmates
separately how much of each ingredient should go in the food you thought of. Write
down their answers.

If you were making , how much/many would you use?

: (food) (ingredient)

; = : ‘i ha : = = a ee = = a
Ingredient | Classmate 1 =” @ Classinate 27 a

How much? 1 teaspoon, 1 tablespoon, 1 cup, 1 box, 1 slice, 1 handful, a pinch, half a cup

WAV(ahi ke

Write a recipe for your food using some of your classmates’ answers. Is it a good
recipe or a silly one? Share it with the class.
ES OE SIS EE OE SESE a EE SET EE ee
if

Recipe for

* Be OI NE GENDi EF SE SS

20
 1. Where are these students, and what do you
think they are doing?
2. Have you ever studied in a group like this?
Is it helpful?

Match the definition with the right word.

related to sight auditory

. a piece of advice visual

a mix of things: tactile

to copy or follow an outline of a shape tip

to put in order flashcard

related to hearing organize

a small card used for notes trace

related to touch combination

 Learning How to Learn &
Learning is important to us all. But how do we learn things? There are various
theories about learning. Scientists agree, though, that not everyone learns in the same
way. They think there are three main styles of learning. People can be auditory, visual,
or tactile learners.
An auditory learner learns best by hearing and listening. If you are an auditory
learner, you remember what you hear. You often learn by reading out loud. You have
to hear or speak something in order to understand it. Here are some tips for auditory
learners: Read stories, homework, or new information out loud. Use flashcards to
learn. But be sure to read them out loud for the best results.
A visual learner, on the other hand, learns best by reading or looking at pictures. If
you are a visual learner, you remember things by sight. You remember things by making
a picture of them in your head. Try these tips for visual learners: Write down new
information, and use flashcards to learn new words. Using color to organize information
is also helpful.
Finally, a tactile learner learns by touching and doing. If you are a tactile learner,
you are “hands-on.” You like to touch, build, or draw what you learn. You learn best
through physical activity. Consider these tips for tactile learners: Try to act out stories,
and make projects by hand. Trace words with fingers to learn spelling. Walking around
while you study is also helpful.
Which learning style do you think suits you best? Of course, most people do not
use only one style to learn. Often, they will use a combination. But if you are having
trouble remembering, perhaps you should consider your learning style!

—_____ minutes

Words & Phrases

theory n. an idea like a law of nature that is

suggested to explain something and can be
tested by experiments
physical activity n. actions that require
moving one’s body
suit v. to fit; to be appropriate for

22
Reading Comprehension —
Circle the best answer.

1. What is the main idea of the reading?

a. There are different styles of learning. b. Reading is the easiest way to learn something.
c. Most people learn in the same way. d. It’s important to know how you learn.

2. Why are learning styles important?

a. They help you learn. b. They are interesting to scientists.

c. They affect how easily you learn. d. They can make you forget things.

3. Who would remember something best if it is written in color?

a. An auditory learner b. A visual learner

c. A tactile learner d. A young learner

4. What does hands-on in line 16 mean?

a. Doing something emotionally b. Learning by watching someone else

c. Uninvolved and indirect action d. Active and direct participation

5. What would be the best way for a tactile learner to remember directions?

a. Listen to someone tell them how to get there

b. Look at a map and plan the route
c. Walk to the place with a friend
d. Make flashcards

Vocabulary Review
Write T for true or F for false.

1; To trace is to give a helpful hint.

Visual means something that is related to sight.

A flashcard is a small notebook used in studying.

Auditory means something that is related to touch.

To organize means to put things into order.

SS
SS
eae A combination is a kind of mixture.

23
 Focus on Language

WaVfoy dee latelil alleleats

@ Look back at the reading. Find and circle these expressions.

|out loud adv. in a way that can be heard; audibly

|in your head jdiom silently; in thought only

® Write the correct expression in the blank.

1. Emily, please read your poem for the class.

2. Please do not talk during the math test. Do the calculations

GTelaliatleumelabhs

@ Study the language below.

® Circle the correct form of the word to complete the sentence.

1. If it rains tomorrow, Francis (brings / will bring) an umbrella.

2. When it rains, the streets (get / will get) wet.
3. Please (call / will call) us if you are late.
4 . You (are / will be) hungry later if you don’t eat now.

Vocabulary Extension
Circle the best answer.

1. The concert will take place in the school’s big

a. audible b. auditory c. auditorium d. inaudible

2. Claudia is always so . Her books and papers are scattered all over her room.
a. organize b. organized c. organization d. disorganized
3. If you chocolate and peanut butter, you get a yummy treat.
a. combine b. combined c. combination d. recombine

4. Youcan’t see the taste of the cookies. Taste is

a. visual b. visualize c. vision d. invisible

24
 Focus on Strategies

Strategy Focus> Analyzing

® What kind of learner are you? Answer these questions to find out.

— ——

1. What do you find most 3. Where would you rather 5. When you are not sure how
distracting when you go with friends? to spell a word, what are
are trying to study? a. Amovie you most likely to do?
a. People walking past b. A concert a. Write it down to see if
you c. An amusement park it looks right
b. Loud noises b. Spell it out loud to see
c. An uncomfortable if it sounds right
chair c. Trace the letters in the
air with a finger
2. Which is your favorite 4. What do you like to do
class? to relax?
a. Art a. Read
b. Music b. Listen to music
c. PE (physical c. Exercise (walk, run,
education) play sports, etc.)

© Now look at the answer choices to all the questions. Fill in the blanks below with
a, b, c, or mixed. Discuss your reasons.

You are an auditory learner if your answers are mostly

You are a multi-style learner if your answers are
You are a tactile learner if your answers are mostly
wa You are a visual learner if your answers are mostly
fee

@ Now look at your answers. What kind of learner are you? Do you agree or
disagree? Why?

I mostly answered .lama learner.

Talking Point
1. Do you think that this quiz is accurate? Do you agree with the results?
2. Will knowing your learning style change how you study?

25
 PUT IT TOGETHER

MBallal.avan kel viaake

Work with a partner. Write down three study tips that have helped you both in the past.

Our Study Tips

1.

2s

3:

© Talk with another group. Share each other's tips. Take notes.

Their Study Tips

i

3:

® With your partner, talk about the other group's study tips. What learning
style do you think is related to each tip?

Learning Styles
1:

Dep

ay

Present It

Tell the class about the other group's tips. What learning styles would these
tips help? Why?

Phe first study tips eee

2 — tai otits would: help
learners because: 2 ee ee ee eeeeeir second
ip isc 3

26
 HEALTH

Warm-Up :

1. Think about your best friend. What things

do you like about him or her?
2. Are you a friendly person? What are three
words that you think best describe you?

Match the definition with the right word.

1. __— acting because of thinking, not because of feeling stubborn

2. ___ liking to be around other people personality

3. ___— not changing your mind easily; not listening to other opinions antigen
4. ___ +=maybe; might be able to bacteria

5. ____ something that causes the body to make things to fight it potentially

G. Pee persons. charmcter S¢ yciable

7. ____ very small living things that can make us sick unforgiving
8. not forgetting something bad done by another; not allowing mistakes h. sensible
 Blood Types and Personality Types
avack g

ww

All blood looks the same, but there is more to it than meets the eye. In fact, there are
different types of blood: A, B, AB, and O. Each blood type contains a different amount
of antigen. Antigens help protect the body from bad bacteria. The two main types of
antigens are A and B. Blood type A has antigen A. Type B has antigen B. Type AB has
both A and B. And blood type O has no antigens. These antigens are the same for all
people in the world.
Some people think that our blood types can also affect our personalities. In 1916,
a Japanese doctor named Kimata Hara wrote a paper. It was about the relationship
between blood types and personalities. His ideas became very popular. These days, in
some countries, people are asked about their blood types in job interviews. People even
use blood types to match possible marriage partners.
Some people think that both good and bad qualities can come from our blood types.

: Type A . sensible stubborn

Type B creative unforgiving
Type AB sociable forgetful
Type O confident cold

Here are some famous examples:

e John Lennon was a member of the pop group the Beatles. He was type O. He was
a very confident person. But some of his friends said that sometimes he could be cold.
e Marilyn Monroe was a famous movie star in the 1950s. Her blood type was AB.
She was a very sociable person. She liked being with people. But she was also forgetful.
e Akira Kurosawa was a famous Japanese movie director. He was blood type B.
He was very creative. He was one of the most important movie directors in history.
But he could also be unforgiving and a perfectionist.
Many things potentially make us who we are. Maybe blood type is one of them.

aE —— rrinutesseconds 313words

Words & Phrases

~ confident adj. being sure about oneself

' forgetful adj. not having a good memory

perfect) "Doyouknowyourbloodtype?
perfectionist n. a person who tries to do everything

28
 Reading Comprehension
Circle the best answer.

1. What is the main idea of the reading?

a. Our blood helps fight sickness. b. Blood types may affect personality.
c. Famous people have special blood. d. Blood ts the same for everyone in the world.

2. What makes blood types different?

a. Cells b. Personalities
c. Bacteria d. Antigens

3. What are type O people like?

a. Sensible and stubborn b. Confident and cold
c. Sociable and forgetful d. Creative and unforgiving

4. Which of the following is NOT truer

a. Antigens make the body sick. b. Antigens are found in blood.

c. Type O blood has no antigens. d. There are two types of antigens: A and B.

5. What is the meaning of there is more to it than meets the eye in line 1?

a. The eyes are very special parts of the body.

b. The eyes cannot tell between different types of blood.
c. It involves more things than it seems to.
d. You should look at people when you meet them.

Vocabulary Review
Fill in the missing word. Use the correct word form.

stubborn personality bacteria sensible sociable unforgiving

1. The new medicine helped kill the bad

Tina is . She likes to meet and spend time with other people.

Tony is wrong, but he is too to admit it.

I forgot her birthday last year, and she is still angry. She is

Richard is to save some of his money instead of spending it all.

fF
wm
DA
WN
w The two girls are both kind and helpful; their are very similar.
 eK
oa KanoN geal Mr Wake MOlr Ke

WaVfolaeKelatein iellolaats

@ Look back at the reading. Find and circle these expressions.

|quality nr. trait; characteristic |

|cold aaj. emotionally distant; not friendly |

@® Write the correct expression in the blank.

tf -One you should look for in a friend 1s friendliness.

2. Janet might seem at first. But she is actually very friendly.

GTelalatelenmerabls

@® Study the language below.

Prepositions and Time

© Complete the sentence with the correct preposition of time.

1. Where do you want to eat dinner your birthday?
2. Biology class starts 9:30. We’re going to be late!
3. Computers did not exist the 16th century.
4 . We can go skiing winter but not summet.

Vocabulary Extension
Write the right word in the blank. Use the correct form of the word.
—
1. Ms. Salazar is a real . Make sure you follow her format person al
ity Potentia
lly
exactly! bacteria sensi
e
ee Stub
2. A person can get sick if her body does not have the proper ; born UNforgiving
: PGP ae antigen
to fight off bacterial infections. . forgetful
; SOCiable
Perfectionist
a, ls Fine or just cheap? He never remembers his wallet!

4. Lou’s pet dog is so . She never listens to Lou!

5. David wants to be a pop star even though it’s not a very career choice.

30
 Focus on Strategies

Strategy Focus - Making Connections

@® Read about the personalities of different blood types.

|
TypeA |

ihe* Arekindand compassionate

ee se Anegoodlistenets.
5
S ¢ Putothersfirst — == ss —idCY * Read emotions and body language of
* Seem calm on the outside, but worry a lot — others well
a a
on the inside
la a ln ae we gw a pe Ha Ae Ee
¢ May seem too playful and flirty when dating |
sl

TypeO
a ta a ee

+ Areorganizedandrulefocused =
one - Areresponsible andtrustworthy
_* Go after their goals with determination _
De - Prefertospendtimealone

® Fill in the blank with the right blood type.

2. Sandra’s room is always

1. Bill always seems so neat and clean. She has
to know what I’m probably got type blood.
thinking. He must have
blood type

4. |told Tom how to finish

the project, but he did
3. Julie has such a big heart. She’s his own thing. That is
always helping others. | bet she just like people with
isbloodtype___. type blood.

Talking Point
1. What is your blood type? How well does your personality match that type abover
2. What is the most common blood type in your class? Ask your classmates.
UNIT4

31
 PUT IT TOGETHER

Balla sveneXelviam he

Work with a partner. Ask the question below by filling in the blank with different
words from the box. Can you and your partner answer the question for all of the
words? (If you don't know a word, ask a classmate or your teacher.)

How does a(n) ambitious flexible highly organized

impatient — reflective status-seeking
person act? sociable relaxed

Four of the above adjectives describe type A people. The other four describe type B
people. These are not blood types. They are psychological or emotional types.

@® Ask anew partner about his or her personality. Read the sentences below and
circle your partner's choices.

1. I play games (to have fun / to win).

On a team, I like to be (just a member / the leader).

When I do a project, | enjoy (learning how to do it / finishing it) the most.

Some stress at work will (bother me / push me to do more).

ee When taking a break from work, I (enjoy my free time / keep thinking about work).
Sate

® Look at your partner's choices. Read the adjectives below that describe type A
and type B people. Which personality type matches your partner?

(| Type A » ambitious, highly organized, impatient, status-seeking

[| Type B » flexible, reflective, relaxed, sociable

Present It

Tell the class about your partner's personality

type. Use three of the sentences from Ask It
that best match his or her personality type.
Change the sentences so that
they are about your partner.

sociable ©

32 ek
 Toker
rol Meken

1. What are the different emotions shown by the people above?

2. What Is a sad or funny movie you have seen recently?
MNT 7380

Match the definition with the right word.

1. a feeling like happiness, sadness, anger, etc. amusement

2s a feeling that something is fun, funny, or enjoyable clip

bY frightening; able to cause fear disgust

4. _____ a feeling that something is gross or sickening to see emotion

5. ____ a place where scientists do research involve

6. _____ to make a newer and better version lab

7. __ ashort scene from a film or video scary

8. to include; to have to do with update

>)Ww
 The Saddest Movie Scene? &

People feel different levels of emotions. What one person may find very funny or
sad might not seem that way to another. This creates a problem for people studying
emotions. How can one make a person feel an emotion in order to study it?
In the lab, researchers need to make people feel certain ways at certain times. Then
they can use machines to measure things about the person. Movie scenes are one great
way to bring out people’s emotions. Researchers can measure someone’s sadness while
the person is watching a sad scene. Or they can measure fear when a scary scene is
shown. However, the same problem still exists. Not everyone will feel the same emotion
watching the same scene.
This problem led some researchers to study movie scenes. They asked lots of people
to watch the same scenes and then rate their emotions. In this way, they tried to find
the saddest and funniest movie clips. A study from 1995 put together a special list of
movie scenes. These scenes were the best to produce eight emotions. Those emotions
included amusement, disgust, anger, sadness, and fear. Another, more recent study
updated the list of scenes with clips from newer movies.
A clip that makes most people crack up comes from When Harry Met Sally. It is the
restaurant scene. In order to make people feel anger, a clip from the movie Crash works
well. It isa scene involving a police officer and a black couple. Are you familiar with the
scene from Bambi when his mother dies? This is one of the best clips for making people
sad. And researchers who want to scare people should show them a scene from Psycho.
That is the shower scene, of course. The scene that people say is most disgusting isn’t
from a movie. It is a video clip that shows a man getting his arm cut off.

_ Reading Time | —_______

minutes ________seconds 318 words

Words & Phrases

scene n. a part of a movie or play that happens in

one place at one time

rate v. to put in order from best to worst or highest

to lowest by labeling something with a number

34
Reading Comprehension
Circle the best answer.

What is the main topic of the reading?

a. A movie company studied its old movies. b. Men and women feel different emotions.
c. Movies were sadder in the past. d. Movie clips help researchers study emotions.

What problem did researchers face in the lab?

a. Movies were expensive. b. Not everyone felt the same about some clips.
c. People would not watch scary clips. d. Some scenes brought out strong emotions.

Which emotion was NOT mentioned in the reading?

a. Surprise b. Disgust
c. Fear d. Amusement

How many actors were probably in the movie clip mentioned from Crash?
a. None b. One
c. Two d. Three

What is the meaning of crack up in line 16?

a. To break b. To cause to laugh
c. To damage by hitting d. To lose one’s mind

Vocabulary Review
Circle the word or phrase with the closest meaning to the underlined word.

ile The art project does not involve a lot of skill, but it does take some time.
a. create b. need to use c. produce d. rate to improve

The website has not been updated, so the information on it may not be right.
a. brought out b. cracked up about c. put together d. changed to be newer

The clip that I saw from the movie made me think it was very funny.

a. final list b. short scene c. shower room d. small machine

She doesn’t laugh or cry much. She has strong control over her emotions.

a. anger b. couples c. disgust d. feelings

The old house looked scary under the light of the moon.
a. certain b. familiar c. frightening d. special

6. You are welcome to watch a DVD for your amusement while you watt.
a. creation b. enjoyment G existence d. restaurant
 Focus on Language

WAV olae KameVale lite (Cola

ats

@) Look back at the reading. Find and circle these expressions.

|bring out phrasal v. to cause to happen; to create a response

|put together idiom to create; to collect

© Write the correct expression in the blank.

1. When deciding between two choices, you should a list of pros and cons.
2. Pressure always the best in Amy. She works really well under stress.

CTelialuelenmelalls

©® Study the language below.

FARVAs/A\VOFr |
;nowever, :

® Circle the correct form of the word to complete the sentence.

1. It is raining outside; (so / therefore), you should take an umbrella.

2. Itis nearly 2 a.m., (but / however) Sylvain is not tired.
3. Jason has a headache, (and / furthermore) he has a stomachache.
4 Maggie did not eat breakfast; (but / however), she is not hungry.

Vocabulary Extension

Circle the best answer.

1. Jake is such an man. He is always laughing, yelling, or crying.

a. emotion b. emotional c. unemotional d. emote

2. Except for Ted, we all had fun watching the kittens play. Ted was
a. amusement b. amuse c. amused d. unamused

3. The police are still trying to determine Heathet’s in the crime.

a. involve b. involving c. uninvolved d. involvement

36
 Focus on Strategies

Strategy Focus > Inference

© Read some famous quotes about movies.

2. If my films make one

1. It’s funny how the colors more person miserable, I'll
of the real world only feel | have done myjob.
seem really real when -Woody Allen
you watch them ona
screen.
— Anthony Burgess 4- Cinema should make you
forget you are sitting ina
3. Don't judge a theater.
book by its movie. — Roman Polanski
— Anonymous

® Write the correct number in the blank.

Who thinks that...

a. movies might not be as good as books?

b. good movies take people into another place?
c. movies should make people feel sad?
d. movies feel more realistic than life?

@ Try to think of two movies for each category below. Write the names of those
movies.

;
Movies that have amazing
Movies that are based on IasadbeagiSicobrslg MeN Ue
images, colors, or Boeke hours long but were
cinematography ae enjoyable

Talking Point
1. Tell the class some of the movies you listed above. What did you like most about those movies?
2. Asaclass, write the names of the movies that were listed by more than one of your classmates.
Which of those movies was listed most often?
 PUT IT TOGETHER

Dalal avaneXelvhenhe

® Work in small groups. Make a list of movie titles. Write the names of two movies
for each genre below.

Comedy Horror Tragedy Romance Action-Adventure

+—————

® Choose five of the movies your group listed. Write the names of these movies on
pieces of paper.

Play a game as a Class.

em Ee : - a
Choose one person from your group to be the actor. The actor should choose a piece of
_ paper from another group. The actor then acts out the title without speaking. Your group
should try to guess the name of the movie that the actor 1s acting.

Your group has only 60 seconds to guess the name of the movie. After
ee
Ied
aed
| ©) your team guesses the answer (or tries for 60 seconds), the next group
takes a turn. Repeat until each group has tried to guess three times.

| |

Have one person watch the time while your group tries to guess. Write the number of
seconds that it takes your group to guess the answer. Add up your group's total time
after three guesses.

Compare your group's time with other groups’. Which group has the lowest time?
They win!

Time 1 Tine F Time 3

38
 ENTERTAINMENT

Warm-UP /%

1. What musical instruments have

you learned to play?
2. What are some different kinds
of drums you can think of?

Match the definition with the right word.

1. _ having many different kinds log

2. _____ to pull something so that it becomes longer, wider, or looser strap

3. ___ alarge piece of wood cut from a tree solo

4. ___ something that makes music outht

5. _ asset of clothes worn together steel

6. _____ alone; by oneself instrument

7. ____ a metal; a form of iron stretch

8. ____—s-_ a strong piece of fabric that is used to help carry something diverse
 READING

The Beat of the Drum “4

Drums are one of the oldest instruments in the world. They are used in many
different cultures. Drums were first made by stretching animal skin over a log.
Now there are many different types of drums. There are also a variety of drum groups.
Drum groups are popular in cultures all over the world. These groups make
beautiful music while having fun as they play. Drum groups play in the traditional
styles of different cultures.
Some groups play drums in a West African style. In these groups, each person
has an instrument that has a different role in a song. There are many drums in a group.
Some are played with the hands and others with sticks. Usually, there is also a bell and a
rattle in the group. Their drumming is very diverse because each group plays music ina
different way. The sound and rhythm depends on where in Africa a group comes from.
Steel drum groups began in Trinidad and Tobago. The drums are not made from
wood. They are made by molding a sheet of metal into the shape of a bowl. They are
played with sticks that have rubber at the ends. The drum sits on a stand. Steel drums
can be played solo or in a group. It has become popular for steel drum musicians to
play well-known songs on their drums.
Japanese drum groups have drums with different sizes. Smaller drums can be
held with a shoulder strap. Larger drums must be placed on a stand to be played.
Some are so big that they cannot be moved. The sides of the drums are made from
wood. Cow skin is stretched over the top. Some large drums even have skin on both top
and bottom. Two people can even play very large drums. Performers wear matching
outfits and play songs on their drums together.

_oYminutes Es. asseconds

Se cme a a es311 MY
words 4:

Words & Phrases

rattle n. an instrument that makes short, hard

sounds when it is shaken

rhythm n. a pattern of beats in music

mold v. to bend, press, or hit into a certain shape
rubber n. a material like plastic that stretches

40
Reading Comprehension
Circle the best answer.

te What is the main topic of the reading?

a. How different drumming groups can be b. How drums are most popular in Asia
c. How Japanese drums are different d. How drums should be played solo

. Which type of drum is made from steel?

a. Drums from West Africa les Drums that are large
c. Drums made from straps ek Drums from Trinidad and Tobago

Why are drums popular?

a. There are many ways to play them. b. They are not affected by culture.
c. They are made from steel. d. They must be played at the same time.

Which method is NOT used in playing a drum?

a. By hand b. Holding a strap
c. With wooden sticks d. Using rubber-ended sticks

What does depends on in line 11 meanp

a. To be affected by something
b . To hang from, as on the end of a strap or rope
c. To rely on for needs or for survival
d . To trust fully or have complete faith in

WV(eoYor-\
TULF TaalCAUAN)
Complete the crossword puzzle.

i. Different
4. Alone
6: Metal
7. Clothing

2. Something used to play music

3. A piece of cloth used to hold something

4. To pull out
5, A piece of wood

41
 Focus on Language

WAV deme latel aKelloleats

@ Look back at the reading. Find and circle these expressions.

all over the world idiom everywhere; in many different places

have fun idiom to enjoy

® Write the correct expression in the blank.

1. Did you at the movie last night? I heard good things about it.
2. People from diverse cultures celebrate holidays differently.

© Study the language below.

@ Complete the sentence with the correct words.

1. This ice cream is delicious I want to eat more.

2. That sauce is spicy eat.

3. This math problem ts difficult figure out.

4. That drum group was good we are going to their

concert again tomorrow night.

Vocabulary Extension Stee

—
———__

j Solo

a rhythm
Write the right word in the blank. Use the correct form of the word. | strap ee
; 7 : Stretch di
1. The students in this class are from countries around ae Iverse
the world. fument moid
2. Please help me to this cloth over the car. It will keep the car clean
and dry while we are away.
Pea Wars of this music makes it very easy to dance to.
4. A watch made out of is stronger than one made out of plastic.
5. If we heat this plastic, we can it into any shape we want.

42
 Focus on Strategies

Strategy Focus > Inference

@® Read what some famous musicians said about drums and drumming.

1. First and foremost

| am 2. |have
a drum set in
a drummer. After that, my dressing room.
I'm other aise. | play drums to relax
But | didn’t play drums and have some fun.
to make money.
ue — Queen Latifah
— Ringo Starr

4. My sister sings, and my

3. el can't beat two brother plays drums in my
guitars, bass, and band. My whole family is a
drums. bunch of musicians.
—Lou Reed — Bruno Mars

® Write the correct number in the blank.

Who...

a. plays drums to feel less stress in his or her life?

b. grew up ina home filled with music?

c. sees drumming as part of life, not a job?

d. thinks drums are necessary for a great band?

Talking Point
1. How would you prefer to relax and have fun: listen to music, sing, or dance?
2. Who in your family has the most musical talent? What kind of talent does he or she have?

43
 PUT 1T TOGETHER

Think About It

Look at these percussion instruments. Then read the personality types. Write the
personality type that you think matches each instrument.

gong hoa xylophone | drum | cymbals

| — SS 4

dependable outgoing patient sensitive

Ask a partner about his or her personality. Read each sentence to your partner. He
or she should rank how well it describes him or her from 1 (not at all) to 10 (exactly).
Write your partner's ranking in each box.

__| My friends know that | will be there for them through good times and bad.
__| Very few things in life are black and white. Life is full of gray areas.
ul try to make others around me feel comfortable.
[ People say | am generous with my time.
It is easy for me to become friends with new people.
| do not have a hard time waiting for things.
ee | It makes me feel good when others notice me and pay attention to me.
OL
ie
SO
aa | | would rather find my own way than follow how others do things.

© Add up your partner's rankings for the following sets of questions.

7 a A b. 3+4 = c. 5+6= d. 7+8 =

@® What is the letter of the set of questions with the highest score? Look below to
find the instrument matching that letter. This is your partner's musical instrument
according to personality.

a. cymbals b. drum c. gong d. xylophone

44
 BUSINESS

amazo
web services

1. What colors and shapes are used in the company

logos in this picture?
2. What do you think of when you see these logos?

Match the definition with the right expression.

te an imaginary sea creature that ts half woman and half fish a. aim

pe connected; having something to do with b. bite

3: a goal; a purpose c. image

4 a picture or idea that comes to mind d. logo

5 giving a new or fresh feeling again e. mermaid

6. a picture or symbol for a company or product fo feireshing

Ta to mean; to be used as a symbol for @. associate with

8. a piece of food taken from the whole with one’s teeth h. stand for
 A Closer Look at Logos &

A good company logo looks like a simple, colorful picture. The logos of certain
companies are well known all around the world today. For example, think of an apple
with a bite out of it. Do you know which company this logo stands for? Picture a logo
of a tall, round letter “M.” What about a mermaid inside a circle? Do certain colors
for these logos also come to mind? The colors of these logos were chosen with care.
They are meant to match the company’s aim.
In the first logo mentioned above, the color of the apple is silver. The signs and
TV ads of this company, Apple, also use lots of white in them. Both colors aim to give
the same image. It’s the image of a modern, high-tech company. The colors are also
associated with being a leader in the field of science. In the same way, the logo of
the tall “M” is a golden yellow. This color gives McDonald’s a happy and fun image.
The dark green of the mermaid logo gives a refreshing and relaxing image. This is the
image that Starbucks wants to have in people’s minds.
Of course, there are many different images that companies try to give. Choosing the
right color for the company logo can support that image. The wrong color may create
the wrong image in people’s minds. A red logo, for example, brings to mind a strong
and active image. An orange logo makes people think of value. Products with orange
logos are seen as being good for their price. People feel trust for companies with blue
logos. This color is also associated with good service for sending or getting messages.
Brown is a good color for the logo of an old and trusted company. Choosing logo colors
is no simple thing!

seconds 304 words _

sameeren7: Lided
| % AMO:42

iBiicrosott
\ or as
Good |
aK

Words & Phrases

DEAL
, YAHOO! | tel) galcse
| Western )
| gous igita NY Nc
~ adn. an advertisement; a short video amazon 9
wid by
= rviceS a, €
used to sell products jar wedse silts
' modern adj. of today; up-to-date
~ field n. a subject area

46
Reading Comprehension
Circle the best answer.

1. What is the reading mainly about?

a. A new way of making company logos b. How logos have changed over time
c. Company images and their colors d. The hidden meaning of famous logos

2. Which colors would be good for a computer company according to the reading?
a. Orange and green b. Red and brown
c. White and silver d. Yellow and black

3. What image does Starbucks aim for?

a. Fun b. Modern
c. Refreshing d. Trusted

4. Which logo shape is NOT mentioned in the reading?

a. A creature Dae Neth cite

c. A letter d. A plant

5. What is the meaning of brings to mind in line 16?

a. To give for a person’s benefit b. To make people think of
c. To see for the first time d. To use one’s creative power

Vocabulary Review
Complete the crossword puzzle.

“5. Relaxing
6. Symbol
Te eae : | | | | [|

8. A piece to eat

| Down | i ad
1. A picture a 7 leva ||
2. A fish woman

3... with
4. A purpose
UNIT 7

47
 Focus on Language

WAV
Lolde FeeValela altel aaks

@ Look back at the reading. Find and circle these expressions.

come to mind idiom to appear in one’s thoughts

of course idiom clearly; as expected; obviously

©® Write the correct expression in the blank.

1. Winter, , 1s the most popular season for ice skating.

2. Ice skating always when [| think about winter.

GTelsalatelenmelal

@® Study the language below.

® Circle the correct word to complete the sentence.

1. We need to find Chad and Irene. They left (their / they’re) books on the bus.
2. If (his / he’s) at work, then why is (his / he’s) car parked here?
3. Is that (your / you're) car? (Its / It’s) taillight is broken.
4 Even though (her / she’s) in Hawaii, we shouldn't use (her / she’s) computer.

Vocabulary Extension
Circle the best answer.

1. Children’s books often have creatures, like monsters and fairies.

a. image b. imagine c. imaginary d. unimaginable

2. Charlie felt after taking a nap.

a. refresh b. refreshing c. refreshment d. refreshed
37 *People orten the color yellow with warmth and happiness.
a. associate b. associated c. association d. unassociated

4. Even though Lulu’s efforts were usually , they often resulted in successful
accomplishments.

a. aim b. aimed c. aimless d. aimful

48
 Focus on Strategies

Strategy Focus > Inference

® Read the information below. Compare the examples of how people around the

te the Me
world think about colors in different ways.

1. Chinese
people luck, celebration royalty living forever

2. Indian
sagas purity business Lord Krishna, sports

ea

“ Egyptian life, winning death protection from evil

people

Sp aliases success, the East trouble defeat, the North

® Write the correct number(s) in the blank.

Which nation’s people might...

a. weat something red to a wedding? . , and

b. want to avoid the color yellow? , and

c. think the color blue can protect them? , and

d. use the color red to show that something is pure?

Talking Point
1. What do people in your country think about the colors abover
2. Were you surprised by any of the ideas above? Explain.

49
 PUT IE TOGETHER

BN allal.avenXolianhe

@ Read the information below. energy, passion, youth

imagination, royalty pleasure, hope, value

Orange

Yellow sl
fun, humor, power
peace, honesty, kindness

nature, love, balance

@® Work with a partner. Think about logos for the following. What color(s) do you think
each should be? Discuss why.

1. A young children’s play space in a shopping mall:

An art studio:

An energy company that cares about the environment:

An exercise gym:
eS

Write a summary. Fill in the blanks using your ideas from above.

EI Be BS BEE ARE EERE DBL ES eS ee ee eS ee SS,

f
| We think the best color for the logo of is

. This is a good color for the logo because this color is

associated with

Of course, a business like a(n) should be

. This company’s logo might also use the color
. This second color is associated with

, ees AT SD PRB a A PBS ER EO RRS ERR ODA SE EE ES EE EE, EN OTT CITE eT Ce

Share your summary with the class.

50
 -warm-UP Fao
1. What is the food shown in this picture?
™@ 2. Have you ever eaten an insect? If not,
one would you? Why or why not?

Match the definition with the right word.

1 something which looks like dust that is made by crushing bug

2 something that is found in foods that helps make muscles compare

3. to look at two things and see what is the same and what is different protein

4 a small animal that has six legs and three parts to its body insect

5 something that the body needs to live and grow ps ywder

6. another word that means “insect” worm

ie a small insect that jumps and makes noises with its legs cricket

a long, thin creature that lives underground h. nutrient

on a
 There’s a Bug in My Soup! &
arack 9

Some people are picky eaters. They turn up their noses at vegetables, or they don't
like some kinds of meat. But some people will eat anything—even insects!
The idea of eating insects is not new. People who study ancient cultures believe
that humans have been eating them for thousands of years. In many places around the
world, eating bugs was and still is a normal part of the local diet. In some countries in
Africa and Asia, the local people eat all types of insects.
Why do some people choose to eat bugs? Because insects are a very good source
of nutrients. Compare cows and crickets, for example. A cup of crickets has more
protein and nutrients than the same amount of beef from a cow. Not only that, but
there are many other good things in crickets that your body needs. For people who
can't afford to have cows or don't have the land it takes to raise them, crickets are a
good choice. Crickets are small and easy to raise. And they grow fast. But some people
don't like the feeling of having little cricket legs and wings in their mouth while they
eat. For these people, there is cricket powder. They can use this powder to make cricket
cakes and cricket bread.
Other insects make good sources of healthy food as well. Worms, for example, are
almost 100 percent protein. A person could get almost all of their daily protein needs
just from eating a few garden worms.
So the next time you are traveling and someone offers you a bowl of worm soup,
go ahead and try some. You may discover a whole new world of food—the world of
insects!
ey 22m nintes- = zs seconds 286 words

Words & Phrases

picky adj. choosy; being very selective about

accepting new things
diet rn. all of the food that a person normally eats
afford v. to have enough money to pay for
something

52
 Reading Comprehension
Circle the best answer.

1. What is the main idea of the reading?

a. Some people don’t like to try new foods. b. Insects can be a good source of nutrition.
c. Many insects eat other insects for food. d. Eating bugs is common when you travel.

2. According to the reading, which of the following is true?

a A cup of meat from a cow has more protein than a cup of crickets.
b. Cows are much easier and cheaper to take care of than crickets.
c. A cup of crickets has more protein than a cup of meat from a cow,
d . Cows eat crickets for nutrition.

3. Which of the following is NOT true about crickets?

a. They grow very slowly. b. They have a lot of nutrition.

c. They are small and easy to raise. d. They can be made into bread and cakes.

4. What is the main benefit of eating worms according to the reading?

a. You can cook them many different ways. b. They have a lot of protein in them.
c. They live in the dirt, so they taste salty. d. They are slow and easy to catch.

5. What is the meaning of turn up (their) noses in line 1?

a. To try new things b. To try to smell

c. To show dislike for d. To be proud

Vocabulary Review
Read the definition. One word makes the sentence false. Underline the wrong word
and write the correct word.

de Insects are small animals with four legs.

Ds Worms are long and thin, and they live in the water.

Be Crickets make noises with their hands.

4 Nutrients are things found in food that are bad for your body.

5, Protein is found in food and helps the body make blood.

6. To compare means to see how two things are the same and how they are made.

53
 Focus on Language

WAV(ol
qeCMVale laKelle} ats

© Look back at the reading. Find and circle these expressions.

|food for thought idiom —aproblem or issue that requires long, careful consideration |
|go ahead phrasal v. to proceed; to do without hesitation |

© Write the correct expression in the blank.

1. The overseas job offer gave Linda some

2. and pet the cat. She won't bite you.

GTelalatlenmelalks

® Study the language below.

© Circle the best choice to complete the sentence.

A bowl full of worms (costs / cost) five dollars.

Meals with at least one vegetable (is / are) healthy choices.
A car with two flat tires (does / do) not go far.
oe
a Restaurants with only one customer inside (does / do) not serve popular food.

Vocabulary Extension
Write the right word in the blank. Use the correct form of the word.
Ps E , COoMpare Protej
1. If you
: are a vegetarian, :your does not include meat. ein
POwWder worm
2. Flour is 4 made from crushed wheat. We use it to Picky nutrient
Cri
make bread. neler insect
diet Br
3. Another word for “‘insect’’ is : =. g

4. If you butterflies to mosquitoes, I think you will find that butterflies

are bigger and more beautiful.

5. Eliot is a eater. He won’t eat the corn if it has touched the potatoes on his
plate.

54
 Focus on Strategies

Strategy Focus > Details

@ Read the food labels.

Nutrition Facts Nutrition Facts

Serving Size 5 oz. (144g) Serving Size 1/4 Cup (30g)
Servings Per Container 4 Servings Per Container About 15
Amount Per Serving Amount Per Serving
Calories 310 Calories from Fat 100 Calories 200 Calories from Fat 150

% Daily Value*
Total Fat 15g
Saturated Fat 2.6g
Trans Fat 1g
Cholesterol 118mg Cholesterol 0mg 0%
Sodium 560mg Sodium 120mg 5%
Total Carbohydrate 12g
Dietary Fiber 1g
Sugars 1g Sugars 1g 3%
Protein 24g Protein 5g

Vitamin A 1% + Vitamin C2% Vitamin A 0% + Vitamin C 0%

Calcium 2% -lron 5% Calcium 4% + Iron 8%

*Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie *Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie
diet. Your daily values may be higher or lower 2. i} ka?
depending on your calorie needs:
Calories 2,000

Total Fat Less Than 65g

Saturated Fat LessThan 20g
Cholesterol Less Than 300mg
Sodium LessThan 2,400mg 2,400mg
Total Carbohydrate
Dietary Fiber
Calories per gram:
Fat 9 + Carbohydrate 4 + Protein 4

@ Answer the questions about the labels. (Hint: Look at the servings per container
and serving size before deciding on an answer!)

1. What is the serving size for one person for food A in grams?

How much food is there in the whole container of food B in grams?

Which food has the most calories per gram of food? (A / B / about the same)

=Sa
. Sodium is another word for salt. Which food has the most salt per gram of food?
(A / B / about the same)

5. Which food has more protein per gram of food? (A / B / about the same)

Talking Point
1. Do you pay attention to the information on food nutrition labels? Why or why not?
2. Which is more important to you, the taste of food or the nutrition in food? Whyr

oOol
 PUT IT TOGETHER

Think About It

You have been selected as a “food ambassador” for your country. Your job is to
introduce some of your country’s foods to international visitors. The foods
should be unique to your country.

What main aish would you make?

What dessert would you make?

What drink would you serve?

Write your menu. Include the main dish, dessert, and a drink.

/Y]Qin Disk

Dessert

Drink:

Share your menu with the class. Then talk about the questions below.

Which food was mentioned the most? Why do you

think this food represents your country so well?

Did anyone come up with a food that was unusual or

strange? If so, what was it?

56
 - NATURE

1. What country do you think this bird is from?

2. There are not many of these birds left in nature.
Why do you think this is so?

Match the definition with the right word.

1. ___—s a measure of landarea, equal to about 4,047 square meters a. hatch

2. _____ the process of making baby animals beeacte

3. _____ the place where a bird lays its eggs c. captive

4. _____ captured and kept somewhere d. breeding

5. ____ the number of people or animals in a place e. nest

6. ____—s- to come out of an egg at birth f. extinct

pe eo scence g, population
8. ___—s_ no longer existing h. release
 Disappearing Birds & «yack 9

Captive breeding of birds helps species that cannot survive in the wild. Some of
these birds have been hunted. Others have lost their homes to humans building on
their land. The goal of most programs is to grow large numbers of birds. Then they are
released back into the wild.
One example of successful breeding is the Guam rail. This small bird only lives
on the island of Guam. It cannot fly. Brown tree snakes killed almost all of these birds.
People were able to breed enough birds to take them back into the wild. They let them
go free in a 60-acre area.
The Kirtland’s warbler is a bird from North America. It, too, has come back from
being almost extinct. There were only 200 birds left in the 1970s. The reason for the
warbler’s low population is the cowbird. The cowbird does not take care of its own
young. It lays its eggs in the nest of the Kirtland’s warbler. The warbler feeds the
cowbird’s young instead of its own. Warblers began to increase in number after their
nests were protected from cowbirds.
The Japanese crested ibis is another bird that almost disappeared. People hunted
them so much that there were only five ibis in Japan in 1981. To protect them, the wild
birds were captured. The Japanese government created a natural feeding area for them
to live in. They also asked rice farmers to use less pesticides. They worked hard to
protect the birds. Their ¥300 million plan paid off. In 2012, three chicks hatched in the
wild for the first time in thirty-six years.
Captive breeding does not work with all animals. Some animals must be born in
the wild. These programs are also very expensive. However, there are many success
stories. Saving these animals will help us understand our world better.

Words & Phrases

17
capture v. to catch an animal
“pesticide n. a chemical used to kill
insects
19
chick n. a baby bird

58
Reading Comprehension
Circle the best answer.

1. What is the reading about?

a. Humans building homes b. The warbler going almost extinct
c. Captive breeding of birds d. Animals living in the wild

Why was the Kirtland’s warbler going extinct?

a. Snakes ate them. b. Another bird used their nests.
c. They ate their own eggs. d. They were hunted by humans.

. What is one reason the ibis was going extinct?

a. Hunting by humans b. Release of too many chicks

c. Captive breeding programs d. Problems with other animals

Which is NOT a reason why some birds are becoming endangered?

a. Release of captive birds into the wild b. Hunting

c. Human development d. Problems with other animals

What is the meaning of paid off in line 19?

a. Paid all the money owed b. Made a final payment

c. Succeeded d. Used money for an illegal favor

Vocabulary Review
Write T for true or F for false.

1. To be extinct is to last for a very long time.

2 A population is how many animals there are in one place.

3 Birds lay their eggs in a nest.

4. To be captive is to be set free.

5 Baby birds hatch from eggs.

6 To be released is to be held.
 Focus on Language

WAV
oyaeKaurale felled eats

@) Look back at the reading. Find and circle these expressions.

in the wild idiom in nature; not in a zoo, farm, or house

let go phrasal v. to release; to give up control of

© Write the correct expression in the blank.

1. Mr. Yazghi won't his class until everyone

finishes the assignment.

2. My aunt Eva really enjoys watching birds

@ Study the language below.

® Circle the best choice to complete the sentence.

1. Many animals (have bred / have been bred) in captivity by people who work at zoos.
2. Jon (has released / has been released) birds back into the wild many times.
3. People (have hunted / have been hunted) deer for thousands of years.
4. The young cowbird (has fed / has been fed) by the mother warbler.

Vocabulary Extension
Circle the best answer.

1. The biologists want to an ibis so they can study it in a zoo.

a. capture b. captive c. Captivate d. captivated
2. After an area is destroyed by fire, it takes decades to it with the same numbers of
plants and animals.
a. populate b. populated c. population d. repopulate
3. Many zoos want to let their animals go back into the wild; however, most zoo animals remain
, still living in their zoo enclosures.
a. release b. released c. unreleased d. re-release

60
 Focus on Strategies

Strategy Focus > Making Connections

©® Read about some other animals that have been helped through captive breeding
programs.

The black-footed ferret The Przewalski’s horse

of North America was was a wild horse found
thought to be extinct. in large numbers living
Then 18 of these animals along the border between
were found living in Mongolia and China.
Wyoming in 1981. These horses almost
became extinct when the
breed was mixed with
other types of horses.

In the past, 100 species of This species of rare

the Partula snail existed blue parrot inspired
across many islands of the the main character in the
South Pacific. People of movie Rio. One problem
the Pacific Islands brought for the Spix’s macaw is that
in the rosy wolf snail to kill killer bees make nests in
another snail, but it ate places that these birds like
Partula snails instead. to use as well.

® Write the correct number in the blank.

a. Some 300 of these small mammals now live in captive breeding programs. 800 have been
released into the wild from these programs.

b. There are only 100 of these birds left in the world. They are disappearing because of loss of
habitat, bird trafficking, and killer bees.

c Today, only 17 species remain. Over 50 species of this mollusk were wiped out by the rosy
wolf snail.

d. Today, there are 1,500 of these horses, mostly found in zoos.

Talking Point
1. Which of the animals above do you think is most likely to go extinct? Why?
2. What are other endangered animals that you have heard about?
 PUT 1T TOGETHER

What is an animal that you know how to take care of? Write down what you know.

Caring for

Food | Home/Shelter ue Other Needs

pe

cm
Find two classmates who wrote about different animals from yours. Ask them about
how to care for their animals. Compare your animal with theirs, and circle how easy
each is to care for.

Animal Food | Home/Shelter i Other Needs

Mine: il 2 § @& § ee ee a ees il atan2a ie Ts

Classmate 1: Hk “ee he ova GS bk 2 §% a § Le B& 4 &

ii

Classmate 2: Ibe ie A tN pete en ale ® aS) ate ee HZ) OS

Scale: 1 = not easy at all, 5 = very easy

Present It

Tell the class about your comparison above.

The easiest animal to take care of is... That is because...

The hardest animal to take care of is... That is because...

62
 MOVIES

Warm-Up
1. In some countries, the things in the picture are
believed to cause bad luck. What things are
considered bad luck in your country?
2. Have you ever felt unlucky? What happened?
ce

Match the definition with the right word.

1. _ a girl with whom a boy ts in a relationship a. incredible

2. ___ along piece of clothing like a coat without sleeves b. girlfriend

3. ____ a person who takes an actor’s place to film dangerous scenes in a movie c. dice

4. _____—— far beyond normal; amazing d. costume

5. __ a chair with wheels used by people who can’t walk e. stuntman

6. _____ clothing worn for a special event or to look different f.. cape

7. ____ special words or magic that some people believe cause bad luck g. wheelchair

8. small cubes that have a different number of dots on each side h. curse

63
 The Curse of Superman &

Many people know Superman. He is the hero in a blue and red costume and cape
who has incredible strength. He can fly and cannot be hurt. Superman is strong and
powerful. But the real-life actors that have played him have not been so strong. In fact,
many bad things have happened to people that have been in Superman movies. This
has become known as “the curse of Superman.”
Kirk Alyn was the first person to act as Superman in a film. In the 1940s, he was
famous for this role. He became so famous, in fact, that nobody wanted to use him for
any other movie roles. Movie producers thought it would be very strange to see the
face of Superman as a regular person. His movie career was over after that film.
In the 1950s, an actor named George Reeves played Superman. He was in a very
popular television show called The Adventures of Superman. One night, after three
years of playing Superman, Reeves killed himself. Why he did this is still unknown.
In the 1970s, Christopher Reeve took on the role. He starred in four Superman
movies and became the most famous Superman actor. In 1995, Reeve was thrown off a
horse he was riding. He landed on his head and broke his neck. He spent the rest of his
life in a wheelchair. He was never able to move his arms or legs again.
Other people in Superman movies also had problems. The actress who played
Superman’s girlfriend in the movies from the 1970s became homeless. She lived in a
box on the streets of New York. Some stuntmen who worked on the movies also had
very strange accidents.
Over the years, some very famous actors have
turned down roles in Superman movies. None of them
wanted bad things to happen to them. One famous
actor said, “Be in a Superman movie? No. Things are
very good for me right now. I don’t want to roll the
dice!”
Curse or just bad luck? You decide.

minutes —_
ie

Words & Phrases

' role n. a part that an actor plays

' producer n. a person who manages the money
and operations while making a movie
’ career n. a job in a certain field that one does
for a long period of one’s life
64
Reading Comprehension
Circle the best answer.

1. What is the main idea of the reading?

a Watching Superman movies will make bad things happen to people.
b. Superman is a hero who is very strong and can fly.
c. Many bad things have happened to people who were in Superman movies.
d . Being an actor can cause bad luck.

2. What happened to Christopher Reeve after playing Superman?

a. He became homeless. b. He fell off a horse and broke his neck.
c. He killed himself. d. He was never able to act again.

3. Why do some actors not want to be in Superman movies?

a. They don’t like to wear costumes. b. Superman movies are not very popular.
c. They don’t want any curses. d. Superman movies do not pay a lot of money.

4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the reading?

The first Superman movie came out in the 1940s.

. A popular Superman television show was on in the 1950s.
The Superman actor of the 1970s was the most famous.
P
7
ao. The Superman movie of the 1990s was not cursed.

5. What is the meaning of roll the dice in line 25?

a. To not take a chance; to do nothing b. To have good luck at something

c. To have bad luck at something d. To take a chance; to try and do something

Vocabulary Review
Write the right word in the blank.

dice hero wheelchair girlfriend costume curse

Superman is a 1. that wears a blue and red 2. . Some people believe

that there ts a 3. on actors that appear in Superman movies. One of the Superman

actors even had a bad accident and was in a 4. for the rest of his life. The person who

played Superman’s 5. ended up homeless. Even now, some actors don’t want to roll

the 6. and be in a Superman movie!

 Focus on Language

WAV
(oyae melaten Keloleats

© Look back at the reading. Find and circle these expressions.

|take on phrasal v. to accept work or responsibility |

turn down phrasal v. to not accept an offer |

® Write the correct expression in the blank.

1. If you this job offer, you might regret it. It’s a good opportunity!
2. When you work in a group, it’s important not to too much work.
Every person in the group should help out.

Gre laaliaelen mela

@ Study the language below.

@ Complete the sentences with the correct reflexive pronoun.

1. I accidentally burned when I was cooking dinner.

2. Your phone might fix if you just turn it off and then on again.
3. The players on the team defeated by taking too many penalties.
4. Don’t blame for the car accident. The roads were very icy and dangerous
and the other driver was going too fast.

Vocabulary Extension sais co

——
Wheelchair prody
———

Write the right word in the blank. Use the correct form of the word. stuntman cer
role
je
1. In some movies, the character Dracula always wears a long, black slic iNCredible
Irlfri
: 2 end Costume
dice
~ Curse
2. Frank hopes to get the lead in the play. Se

a; the opuon tne is to perform the dangerous scenes for the star.

4. Even though Katie can’t walk, she plays on the basketball team.

5. The director had to beg the of the movie to increase the budget for special effects.

66
 Focus on Strategies

Strategy Focus > Analyzing

® What kind of superhero would you want to be? Circle the answers that represent
you the best.

= _—

1. Costume colors: a -SVIMDO!:

a. Red and blue a. A big letter on your chest
b. Green and black b. A powerful ring on your finger
c. Gray and blue c. An animal image on your mask
d. Red and yellow d. A lightning bolt on your costume

2. Secret base: 4. Superpowers:

a. In space a. Can fly; super strong
b. None b. Can make things that you see in your mind; can fly
c. Inacave
c. Very smart detective; expert fighter
d. In a science laboratory
d. Super-speed—can run very, very fast

@ Now look at the answer choices to all the questions. Answer the questions
below with a, b, c, or d. Discuss your reasons.

1. You are good at science and like to think about why something is a problem if your answers are
mostly
2. You are creative and like to try many ways to solve a problem if your answers are mostly
You are strong and brave and you like to face problems directly if your answers are mostly
You are quiet and like to find the one best way to solve a problem if your answers are mostly

@ Now look at your answers. What kind of superhero are you? Do you agree or
disagree? Why?

I mostly answered .lam

Talking Point
1. Do you agree with the results of the quiz? Why or why not?
2. If you could have any superpower, what would it be? Why?

67
 PUT IT TOGETHER

Think About It

Work with a partner. Think of superheroes from movies or comic books. Write the
names of four male and four female superheroes.

Male Superheroes | Female Superheroes

Now work with a different partner. Read the names of your superheroes, and tell
your partner about any of them that he or she doesn’t know. Discuss your partner's
list of Superheroes.

Play a game as a Class.

1. Choose one of the superheroes from your list and write that superhero’s
name on a slip of paper. Give your slip of paper to your teacher.
2. Your teacher will tape one of the slips of paper from the class to your
back. It will not be the one you wrote.

3. Walk around and ask your classmates questions about the

superhero on your back. Try to guess his or her name.
4. When you guess correctly, take the name off your back. See who is the
last person in your class to guess the superhero correctly!

Compare It
Work as a class. On the board, list the superheroes who appear in both comic books
and movies. Discuss the differences between the superhero as he or she appears in
comic books and in movies.

In comic books, In movies, the actor playing

he/sters..-. the superhero is...

The superhero can't/

doesn't... in comic | think he/she is better
books/movies. in comic books/movies
because...

68
Warm-Up Bd

1. What types of music do you like? Why?

2. What is your favorite musical instrument?
Why do you like it?

Match the definition with the right word.

to hit your hands together and make a sound bass

a type of guitar with four strings and a low tone monster

a musical performance that many people go to see superstar

the image of yourself that you show to society d. persona

a very famous and successful performer or athlete i@) recognized

well-known, familiar, or famous makeup

a strange or scary looking creature or animal concert

colored powder or cream that you put on your face clap

69
 A Different Kind of Band &

One of the most popular bands in rock music is KISS. Even if you do not know
their music, you probably know their look. Wearing black and white makeup, black
costumes, and tall boots, they are one of the most recognized bands in music history.
KISS was formed in 1973 by two men from New York, Gene Simmons and Paul
Stanley. Gene Simmons was a middle school teacher. Paul Stanley wanted to be an
artist. Gene played bass and Paul played guitar. The two men thought that most of
the music bands they saw in concerts were cookie-cutter bands. The musicians would
come out on stage and play some music. Then the audience would politely clap.
Gene and Paul wanted to make music more exciting. The two musicians found Ace
Frehley to play guitar and Peter Criss to play the drums. That was how KISS was formed.
The band wanted to have a look that was different. Gene asked everyone to think
about what they would be if they could be anything in the world. He liked monster
movies. He wanted to be a monster. Paul wanted to be a superstar. Ace wanted to be
a spaceman. And Peter liked animals. He wanted to be a cat. Then they each created
makeup ideas to show their new personas. Ace Frehley had seen Japanese kabuki.
He liked the black and white face paint that it used. He showed this style of makeup to
the others. They liked it, and copied the idea for their face paint.
This was KISS in the early days. The members of KISS have changed over the years.
However, Gene and Paul have always been members of the band. Even now, KISS
sells out giant concert halls. They have made over 30 albums and have won many music
prizes. These days, it is not unusual to see people at KISS concerts with their parents.
Those same parents were KISS fans when they were young!

Words & Phrases

' form v. to create; to make for the first time

audience n. the people who watch a show or

performance
sell out phrasal v. to have no tickets or products
left because people bought all of them

70
Reading Comprehension
Circle the best answer.

1. What is the main topic of the reading?

a. How KISS came to be b. Rock bands of 1973
c. How kabuki influenced KISS d. How to choose a new persona

2. What did Gene Simmons do before becoming a musician?

a. He was an artist. b. He was a teacher.

c. He was a drummer. d. He was a face painter.

3. According to the reading, why did Gene and Paul form KISS?
a. ‘To make lots of money b. To make music more exciting
c. To sell out giant concert halls d. To change their personas

4. Which of the following is NOT true about KISS?

a. They have fans of many ages. b. They wear makeup and costumes.
c. They have never changed members. d. They have made over 30 albums.

5. What is the meaning of cookie cutter in line 7?

Something that is dangerous and can cut you

. Something that helps you make cookies
Things that are all the same
er. Things that are different and unique
en
ou WS concert--* Leu) Bae
ra LESS VE MUSIC ee |
SPECIAL EVENT
FRIDAY 8PM

Vocabulary Review
Write T for true and F for false.
ft. A bass is a type of loud guitar with eight strings.

Your persona is the image you show to people.

When you clap, you do not make a sound.

A monster is a cute ot funny looking animal.

Makeup is something you put on your face.

ey
Ee A concert is another name for a musical performance.
 Focus on Language

Words and Idioms

© Look.back at the reading. Find and circle these expressions.

look rn. style; appearance

early days n. phrase the beginning; the first stages

@® Write the correct expression in the blank.

1) lainess is very modern and sophisticated.

2. Inthe of summer, the weather is so nice.

Grammar Focus

@® Study the language below.

@® Match to make complete sentences.

1. Kelly would buy a new house e a. if he studied a little harder.

2. If we had mote time, « eb. if she won the lottery.

3. David could get an A ® e c. we could go up the Eiffel tower.

4. If aliens visited Earth, ® e d. Tom would invite them to dinner.

Vocabulary Extension
Circle the best answer.

1. The pleasant, smart that Elizabeth shows to her teachers is much different from
the image she shows to her friends and family.
a. people b. personal c. persona d. personally

2. It took a(n) effort between the two teams of fire fighters to stop the building
from burning down.
a. concert b. concerted c. unconcerted d. concerned

3. There was a accident on the highway. More than 15 cars were involved.
a. monster b. monstrous c. monsterlike d. monsterless

72
 Focus on Strategies

Strategy Focus > Inference

® Read the following quotes from the KISS band members.

“Musicians should be mysterious. If

you Know too much about a person,
he becomes less interesting.”

“Being a musician also involves being

in good physical shape. The amount
of running and jumping | do on stage Pe.
is like going to the gym every night!” ii.
Paul Stanley

“Being a good musician involves a

lot of practice. Practice, practice,
practice. Then you can play without
thinking about it.”

“The drummer is the most important

member of the band. A good drummer
can speed up or slow down a song,
and this can change the mood of a
Ace Frehley concert.” Peter Criss

® Write the correct number in the blank.

Who thinks ...

a. that songs need to be played over and over?

b. that a musician should hide things about themselves?

iS that playing a concert is a good way to stay healthy?

d. that the drummer can control how the rest of the band plays?

Talking Point

1. If you were a famous musician, what would be important to your

2. Which quote was most interesting to your Whyr
 PUT IT TOGETHER

Think About It

Read the information and draw your ideas.

Earlier, you learned the word persona. It is the outer image that
_ you show to other people. The members of KISS each made a special |
- persona with their makeup and costume.
| Imagine you have been asked to play a concert with KISS.
! However, they have asked you to make a special stage persona. You
- need to have a special costume and makeup that shows what you
| want to be if you could be anything at all in the world. What would
~ your costume look like? What does it mean? What would your
| makeup look like? Draw them.

Ask a partner about his or her persona and take notes about the answers.
Remember to ask about the reasons for his or her choices.

Costume

Appearance: Appearance:

Meaning: Meaning:

Share your partner's answers with the class.

"My partner's name Is . His/her makeup would be

It is meant to show _ . My partner's costume would be

74
 1. What do you see in the picture?
2. What do you know about this game?

Match the definition with the right expression.

1, ___—S_ being required; of things that must be done a. chess

2. ____ a person who teaches a subject or skill b. set aside

3. _____— to accept and begin to use Cy MIsiPucron

4. ____—s_ a test on a subject d. champion

5. ___—- to not agree; to have a different opinion e, exam

6. ____ someone who wins a contest over all others f. adopt

7. ____ to save or keep money or time for future use g. mandatory

8. _ a board game of skill for two players h. disagree
 Chess for All Children &
All second graders study math and reading in school. They now also study chess
in Armenia. Chess became required in 2011. It is the only country in the world that has
required chess in school. Children between seven and nine play chess two hours per
week. The government set aside $1.5 million for schools to teach chess.
Chess became popular in Armenia in the 1960s. The country has long been known
for its great chess players. They have the most grand masters of any country. This is
surprising for a country that only has 3 million people. Chess is so popular that there
are TV shows about it. Chess masters are as famous as sports stars. Chess instructors
believe that chess helps children think more creatively. They also use their classes to
look for future chess champions.
Children often learn better with games. Learning to play chess is fun, and it
teaches many skills. The game improves many areas of the brain. Students learn
critical-thinking skills. This will help them learn to think on their own. They also learn
how to think strategically. Armenian children score higher on exams for creative
thinking. They are also more confident students.
Other countries may soon also adopt chess into their school schedules. Hungary,
Moldova, and Spain plan to make it part of school studies. There are classes in the US,
Switzerland, and Russia that teach chess. These countries have no plans to make it
mandatory, though.
Many believe that chess should not be required of all children. They agree that it teaches
many skills. They disagree that it will help every child. Many people feel that it is best to
give children choices. This will allow children to learn what they are interested in.

Words & Phrases

grand master n. one of the best chess players in

international competitions
strategically adv. in a way that uses planned moves
to attack and defend in order to win in the end

76
 Reading Comprehension
Circle the best answer.

1. What is the main idea of the reading?

a. Chess players are like sports stars. b. Armenian children have to learn chess.
c. Critical-thinking skills are important. d. Many countries think chess is enjoyable.

2. Which of the following is NOT true about Armenia?

a. Chess became popular in 2011. b. There are TV shows about chess.

c. It has a $1.5 million fund for chess classes. d. It has the most grand masters in the world.

3. How does learning chess affect children?

a. It causes them to score lower on creative tests.

b. It teaches too many skills to be useful.
c. It makes them as confident as adults.
d. It helps them think on their own.

4. What is the meaning of critical-thinking skills in line 13?

a. Methods to solve problems b. Ways to form good opinions

c. Skills for a grand master . d. Talents that champions have

5. Why do some people disagree with making chess mandatory for children?
a. They want children to learn math instead.
b. They want to give children choices.
c. They feel few children would be interested in chess.
d . They feel mandatory games are not fun.

Vocabulary Review
Write the right word in the blank.

adopted champions chess disagree instructors mandatory

Children are required to study 1. in Armenia. The game first became popular there

i tae: 960s; Chess 2. say it helps children think more creatively. They teach

children early so that they can create future chess 3. . Some countries have

4. chess in school, but no other country has made it 5.

Some people 6. that it should be required study.

 Focus on Language

WAV
olee Ke-Vals imallel aah

@ Look back at the reading. Find and circle these expressions.

|on (one’s) own idiom without help; alone

|feel v. to believe; to think

® Write the correct expression in the blank.

1. John’s parents that he should study engineering, but he wants to

major in art.
2. Susan made the cake , without help from anyone.

® Study the language below.

® Rewrite the sentences using one of the forms from above.

1. Checkers ts less difficult than chess. =

2. Jacques and Sylvia are equally tall. as _
3. Alaska 1s colder than California. —
4. Pablo and Marie are equally creative. >

Vocabulary Extension
Write the right word in the blank. Use the correct form of the word.
instructor
1. A chess player must think in order to make a plan to Mandat exam
: ator
defeat a good opponent. strategically we
Chess
2. Ken liked Max’s style so much that he decided to a grand Master aside
similar style for himself. Champion adopt

3. People should set some time every day for fun and relaxation.

4. Liz has won many chess tournaments for children. She hopes to keep winning and one day
become a(n) at chess.

5. A balanced diet and an active lifestyle are for maintaining good health.

78
 Focus on Strategies

Strategy Focus > Inference

©® Read what some famous people said about chess.

1. Thank you, darling, for

learning to play chess. It is 2. Chess makes man
an absolute necessity for wiser and clear-sighted.
any well-organized family. —Vladimir Putin
— Alexander Pushkin
(in a letter to his wife)

5. Chess is like bodybuilding.

3. Chess is not relaxing; If you train every day, you
it’s stressful even if 4. Chess is the cure stay in top shape. It is the
you win. for headaches. same with your brain—
— Jennifer Shahade — John Maynard chess is a matter ofdaily
Keynes training.
—Vladimir Kramnik

@® Write the correct number in the blank.

Who plays chess...

a. to think about problems better?

b. even though it is not fun?

c. like he or she is doing exercise?

d. with someone in the family?

Talking Point
1. Which quote do you agree with? Why-

2. Have you ever learned to play chess? If so, how old were your If you can’t play chess, would you
like to learn? Why or why not?

UNIT 12

79
 PUT IT TOGETHER

Think About It

Think of a game that you enjoy playing. Write notes about the game.

What game do you enjoy playing?

What type of game is it?

Me How many players can each game have?

When did you learn how to play?
Why do you like it?

Ask two partners about the games they thought of. Write notes about their answers.

What game do you enjoy playing?

What type of game is it?
—t

How many players can each game oe

1
Partner
When did you learn how to play?
Why do you like it?
What game do you enjoy playing?
What type of game is it?
How many players can each game have?
2
Partner
When did you learn how to play?
Why do you like it?

Write a summary. Fill in the blanks using information from one of your partners.
Then share your summary with the class.
SS EE EE % a LR > LE AIEEE IF = EE eS ee SE = A SS Saas,

} My partner enjoys playing

It is a type of game. Each game has
players. My partner learned to play this game when he/she was years old. He/She
likes it because

80
 !
ee i,

1. What is an important event from the history

of your country? Why is it important?
* 2. What kinds of objects from this time or
| event can people see today?

Match the definition with the right word.

1. __ a mark left on the ground by a shoe or a foot a. dinosaur

2. ___—- a mixture of dirt and water b. coal

3. _____ being a little wet and easy to attach things to c. mud

4. ____ a black rock from inside the earth, often used as fuel d. geologist

5. ____—_ a series of metal pieces joined together like a rope e. chain

6. __— an animal (usually a reptile) that lived a very, very long time ago f. sticky

7. ___ an object made by people in the past @. artifact

8. ____—- a type of scientist that studies rocks h. footprint
 OOPArts “&

In 1891, a woman from the city of Morrison, Illinois, got some coal to make a fire.
As she was breaking a big piece of coal, a small gold chain fell out from the middle of
it. She took the coal and the gold chain to the town newspaper. The newspaper called
a geologist from the university, who looked at the coal. Inside of another of the coal
pieces was more of the gold chain. This meant that the gold chain must have fallen into
the coal as it was being made thousands of years ago. At that time, no one in the area
knew how to make gold into chains!
This is an example of an OOPArts. An OOPArts. is an Out Of Place Artifact. This is
a thing that exists, but should not exist. Another example of an OOPArts is a footprint
in Glen Rose, Texas. By a river near the town of Glen Rose, scientists found a long line
of dinosaur footprints. The footprints showed that a dinosaur walked in sticky mud
a very long time ago. Then the mud was quickly covered in sand. This helped to save the
footprints. The dinosaur footprints are not strange. However, along with the footprints
are the footprints of a person walking. And the person was wearing shoes! The person’s
footprints seem to have been made at the same time as the dinosaur footprints.
There is even the person’s handprint. History teaches that dinosaurs died out long
before people. But places like Glen Rose seem to show otherwise.
OOPArts are not just in America. They come from around the world. In Peru, there
are stones called Ica stones. They show animals that look like dinosaurs along with
people. The stones are about 600 years old. How did people living 600 years ago know
what dinosaurs looked like?
OOPArts are strange, and they raise a flag that our history may not be what we
think!
—seconds
324 words

Words & Phrases

area n. all places near or around some point

handprint n. a mark left on a surface by a hand
otherwise adv. differently; in another way

82
 Reading Comprehension
Circle the best answer.

1. What is the main idea of the reading?

a. There are many interesting things in the world.

b. There are some things that exist but should not.
c. People often find gold chains in coal.
d. Dinosaurs may still live in Peru.

2. According to the article, what is an OOPArt?

a. Something that comes from coal b. A type of dinosaur
C An out of place artifact d. Another name for a gold chain

3. Which of the following was NOT found at Glen Rose?

)
a. Dinosaur footprints b. A strange kind of coal
c. A person’s footprint d. A person’s handprint

4. What is unusual about the Ica stones?

a. Vey dont exist b. They show people and dinosaurs together.

c. They are made of gold. d. They were found by dinosaur footprints.

5. What does the phrase raise a flag in line 22 mean?

a. To make people notice something b. To show that you own something

c. To show that something ts true d. To show that something is dangerous

Vocabulary Review
Write the word for the definition. Then use the letters with circles to decode the
final message.
1. An animal that lived long ago O O

2. Marks on the ground made by one’s foot O |

3. Something made by people in the past Ol

4. A rock scientist ¢e |
5. A black rock that can be burned for fuel e
6. Metalal circles
circles put together
gether like
a p rope -
ce i)

as ne
[Esa a
ieee
ate = 38 i a 5
al
 okeou wareaim et Make ROR Meh-)

Wav ola KurVale faKeltedaah

© Look back at the reading. Find and circle these expressions.

die out phrasal v. to become extinct; to disappear completely |

along adv. together; in the presence of

© Write the correct expression in the blank.

1. Do you mind if my little brother comes with us?

2. All the flames after we poured water on the fire.

Grammar Focus

@ Study the language below.

@® Rewrite the present active-voice sentences into past passive-voice sentences.

1. Dinosaurs leave footprints. =

2. A geologist looks at the coal. _

3. Scientists find footprints. =

4. Students study chess. —

Vocabulary Extension
Circle the best answer.

1. The soccer field became after the heavy rains.

a. mud b. muddy c. muddle d. muddily
Zz. speaking, 100 years is a very short time.
a. Geology b. Geologist c. Geological d. Geologically

3. When Sam his dog, it ran around the yard very happy to be free.
a. chain b. chained c. unchained d. chainless

4. Use tape to this note on the classroom door.

a. stick b. sticky c. stuck d. unstuck
84
 Focus on Strategies

Strategy Focus > Analyzing

@® The world is full of things that are strange and out-of-place. Read the following
information and circle the correct answer.

1
Z| Japan's Underwater Pyramids \\
In the deep water of the ocean near Yonaguni Island, there are very large stones that look like they
were made by humans into a giant pyramid. No one knows who made it. No one knows how long
ago it was made.

This is strange because:

(a) Japanese pyramids are always on land.
(b) Pyramids are not usually found in Japan.

Ee Easter Island's Giant Stone Heads

Easter Island is a very small island very far away from any other land. It is most famous for having
over 800 giant human heads, called Moai, carved out of stone. These heads face out toward the
sea. Nobody knows why or when they were made.

This is strange because:

(a) Giant heads are usually made of wood.
(b) Nobody knows who made them.

3 Rome's Spaceship Painting

In 1961, geologists in Rome, Italy, were digging into a hill just outside of the city. As they dug
into the hill, they discovered a small stone room that had been buried for thousands of years.
Inside the room, they found a few coins. But on the wall was the real surprise. All four walls were
painted, and on one ofthe walls was painted something that looked like a spaceship. Nobody
knows exactly what the painting is supposed to be. If it is a building, it is a very strange looking
building!

This is strange because:

(a) The idea of spaceships did not exist thousands of years ago.
(b) Stone rooms usually don’t have coins in them.
eee RESSPERRONTLE STEER SRST STAN PEST TES

Talking Point
1. Which strange and out-of-place thing was most interesting? Explain.
2. Have you ever heard of any other strange objects? Talk about them.
 PUT IT TOGETHER

Think About It

Read the information below and write notes about your own ideas.

- time. When it is opened (usually after 50 or 100 years), people can see what life was like in the past. Some
things in a time capsule include newspapers, coins, pictures, music, and even clothing.
You have been chosen as the “Time Keeper” for your country. Your job is to make
| a time capsule and fill it with important things that will show the people of the future
_ what life was like now in your country. List six things that you would put in the time capsule.

Discuss your list with one or two partners. From your lists, choose the ten most
important things to include in your time capsule. Also choose a date when your time
capsule will be opened.

Our time capsule includes:

Do not open until

Find out from the rest of your class the five most common things that people
included in their time capsules. Complete the chart with the information you find
from your class.
Total number of time capsules in our class:

Top Five Things

ii T

Name of item:

Number of time
capsules the item
was in: |

86
 1. Do you like doing things alone or with others?
2. What sport or exercise do you enjoy doing?

Match the definition with the right word.

a sport where the goal is to lift the heaviest weight individual

working together toward a goal wrestling

designed for one person CC ympete

a sport that uses strength, balance, and body control cooperation

a sport where one player throws another to the ground sacrifice

a sport where the goal is to run the fastest or jump the highest track

to give up something one wants in order to help someone else weightlifting

to try to win something that someone else 1s also trying to win gh mnastics
 READING

Team Sports and Individual Sports &

Close your eyes and think of a sport. What is the first sport that pops into your
mind? Was it soccer? Baseball? Maybe judo or karate? Now think about why you chose
that sport. Some people think that the sport you think of shows whether you care more
about being part of a team or playing alone.
Team sports are sports like soccer, baseball, and basketball. Each player tries their
best to benefit the team, not themselves. Some team sports like baseball even have
special plays called sacrifices. Sacrifices are plays where one person will choose not to
do well because it can benefit the team. For example, in baseball a player may sacrifice
his chance of hitting the ball. This is so that another player can go forward one base.
’ | In team sports, the goal is usually the final number of points. Team sports can teach us
cooperation and how to work with others.
Some sports are individual sports. These are sports like judo, wrestling, and
weightlifting. In individual sports, just one person competes against another. In these
sports, winning is just one of the goals. Other goals can be to do your personal best.
Maybe an athlete tries for his or her fastest time or best final point. Individual sports
can also teach us good things. They teach us to depend on ourselves. They teach us to
face our fears and work toward a personal goal.
There are some sports that are combinations of team and individual effort.
Track is an example. A runner races individually against other runners. But the team
gets points for how well the runner does. If the runner wins races, the team gets more
points. Gymnastics is another example. Gymnasts compete individually, but the team
gets points as well.
What about you? Do you like team or individual sports?
|Reading Time Pree
: -- n SAS ts
ae eae
i

Words & Phrases

base n. a place marked in a game or sport where

members of one team are safe to rest
goal n. an end point that one works toward
athlete n. a person who competes in a sport

88
 Reading Comprehension
Circle the best answer.

f. What is the main topic of the reading?

a. How two kinds of sports are similar b. The benefit of team over individual sports
c. Three categories of sports d. Why people choose individual or team sports

According to the reading, what is one benefit of team sports?

a. We can do our personal best. b. They teach us to depend on ourselves.
c. We can wear a colorful uniform. d. They teach us cooperation.

According to the reading, which sports are individual sports?

a. Karate and basketball b. Weightlifting and judo
c. Soccer and track d. Gymnastics and wrestling

. Which of the following is NOT true?

a. Sports cannot be both team and individual.

b. Team sports benefit a team more than a person. (@
c. One athlete competes against another in individual sports.
d. In track, both the runner and the team get points.

What is the meaning of pops into your mind tn line 1?

a. To have a headache, or a pain in your head b. To forget something

c. To be the first thing that is thought of d. To think about sports often

Vocabulary Review
Write the word for the definition. Then use the letters with circles to decode the
final message.

1. Designed for one person e ©

Ze A sport in which athletes run and jump

To give up something one wants

To try to get what another also wants

A safe place to rest during a game

. A sport in which strength, balance, and body control

are important

89
 Focus on Language

WaVLoyweKe-Vale laKolleleats

@ Look back at the reading. Find and circle these expressions.

benefit v. to help; to improve

face v. to look directly at; to deal with; to not run from
ee

@® Write the correct expression in the blank.

1. Regular training can an athlete.

2. Psychologists can help people with phobias to their fears.

© Study the language below.

© Circle the correct form of the word to complete the sentence. Circle both choices if
both are correct.
1. Lisa doesn’t know (whether / if) she wants to be a chef or a lawyer.
2. (Whether / If) you enjoy it or not, you must study for the test.
3. Gloria will travel to Ireland this summer (whether / if) she saves enough money.
4 Chris will take a year off school (whether / if) his parents agree or not.

W/oYer-
|LVIEVaaan
/ eb
andatiiela a
COMbination compete

Write the right word in the blank. Use the correct form of the word. |ormancs
Wrestling

1. Rugby and football are sports that require a(n) of | C0OPeration ae

speed and strength. Weightlifting goal

2. If you work hard toward your , you can accomplish anything. =

a a , one athlete tries to hold down his opponent.

4. In swimming, the athletes against themselves more than against each other.

5. Boys often look up to in sports like soccer and baseball.

6. It is important to learn about , so we work well with others.

90
 Focus on Strategies

Strategy Focus > Paraphrasing

® Read what some famous people said about teams and individuals.

1. | know what | can do,

so it doesn’t bother me 2. Allthat is valuable in human
what other people think society depends upon the
or their opinion on the opportunity for development
situation. given to the individual.
— Usain Bolt — Albert Einstein

3. Alone we can do so 4. l’'m lucky to be part of ateam

little, together we who help to make me look
can do so much. good, and they deserve as
Melani allay, much ofthe credit for my
success as | do for the hard
work we have all put in on the
training ground.
— Lionel Messi

® Write the correct number in the blank.

Who said that...

a. we can do more together than we can do alone?

b. society benefits when individuals are allowed to develop?

c. my teammates help me to be successful?

d. other people do not affect my performance?

Talking Point
1. Which quote do you agree with? Whye

2. Do you prefer playing sports alone or as part of a team? Why?

91
 PUT IT TOGETHER

Think About It
Think about one activity you prefer to do alone and one activity you prefer to do as
a team or group. What are some benefits of doing that activity in that way?

Alone: 2 eee. eee es - Group/Team:

Benefits

Ask two classmates about their activities. What were the benefits to doing the activi-
ties in those ways? Fill in the chart below with their answers.

Classmate ba : Alone ;M tas Group/Team

Share your results with the class. Which activities are the most popular to do alone?
Which are the most popular to do as a group or team?

92
Warm-Up
1. What do you think the thing in the picture might be?
2. What are some stories or legends about mermaids
that you have heard?

Match the definition with the right word.

1. _____— the back part of an animal

to suddenly cry out in a loud voice

easily damaged or broken
4. ___ a hard outer covering of an animal or egg d. wire
hard pieces that form the skeleton of an animal @ tail

a thin, flexible piece of metal scream

easily fooled or cheated fragile

not real; made to look like something it 1s not cullible

 Are Mermaids Real? “

People have reported seeing mermaids since there have been boats. People
imagined beautiful women with long hair. They were believed to bring good luck. Long
ago, some sailors traveled to Japan. They brought back “mermaid mummies.” But they
looked nothing like what people had imagined.
Fishermen from Asia sold mermaid mummies to sailors from Europe. They used
monkey bones and fish tails to make them. A number of theater companies bought the
mummies. They sold tickets for people to see them. These companies pulled the wool
over people’s eyes. They used the mermaid mummies to make money from gullible
people.
One of the most famous mermaid mummies is the Buxton Mermaid. There is not
very much information about her. Many people believed that it was the body of a dead
mermaid. Scientists from the University of Lincoln, in the UK, studied it. Now they
know it is fake. It was made in the 19th century. They found that the Buxton Mermaid
had human hair. The teeth were bone. The eyes were made from shell. The upper body
was made with wire and wood. The bottom was made from a real fish. The tail bends
up. The mouth looks like it is screaming.
A merman is often seen in pictures with the Buxton Mermaid. It was tested also.
The merman was made with wood and wire, too. It had a fish tail added to it. Many
pieces of cloth were used to hold the body together. Both the mermaid and merman
are very fragile. No one knows exactly where they came from. They also do not know
how they made it to England. Researchers have been searching for years. They have
few real answers.
Mermaids are only real in our imagination. Most people do not believe they exist.
But it is still fun to think about a world where mermaids swim in the sea.

words
313ds
—secon

Words & Phrases

sailor n. a person who works on a boat

mummy n. a dead body that is treated before
being buried

94
Reading Comprehension
Circle the best answer.

1. What is the main idea of the reading?

a. How many mermaids there are b. That the Buxton Mermaid ts real
c. What the Buxton Mermaid is d. What fisherman from Asia eat

2. Which of the following is NOT true about the Buxton Mermaid?

a. It had human hair, b. It was found in a river.

c. It was fake. d. It was made with wire.

3. How did the merman differ from the Buxton Mermaid?

a. It was much more fragile. b. It was never tested to see if it was real.
c. People from a university studied it. d. It had pieces of cloth holding it together.

4. What does pull the wool over people’s eyes in line 7 mean?

a. To make a good sweater b. To work in a theater

c. To fool people d. To be unkind to people

5. Based on the reading, what 1s probably true about mermaids?

a . Everyone believes they still exist.
b. There are no mermaids.
a People still use monkey bones to make mermaids.
d. Researchers know where mermaids come from.

Vocabulary Review
Complete the crossword puzzle. enirace me
1 2 3
L

Oss 2 Pe
1. Easily broken 4. The back part of an ——+ :
2. The hard outer covering animal |
of an animal 5. Easily fooled
3. A thin piece of metal
6. A piece of a skeleton

oOoon
 Focus on Language

WAY olae KerVale feKellol aah

@ Look back at the reading. Find and circle these expressions.

|a number of adj. phrase several; some

|make money idiom to profit; to earn money

© Write the correct expression in the blank.

1. If you come up with a good invention, you might from it.

2. Scientists have discovered new animal species in the past 100 years.

Gre lalate lanmelalks

©® Study the language below.

Simple past

@® Write the words in the correct tense to complete the sentence.

1. le (search) for years before he (find) a mermaid.

2. By the time we (arrive) home, the ['V show
already . (end)

3. After she (study) English for five years, she (move)

to London.

Vocabulary Extension
Circle the best answer.

1. In the 80s and 90s, all computers were connected by cords, but now most machines use
technology like Bluetooth to communicate.
a. wire b. wired c. rewired d. wireless

2. Gina____ believed everything the saleswoman told her about the amazing health product.

a. gullible b. gullibility c. gullibly d. cully

3. Please be careful with this___— package.

a. fragile b. fragility c. fragilely d. nonfragile

96
 Focus on Strategies

Strategy Focus -» Making Connections

@ Read about some other reports of mermaids.

1943 — During World War II, Japanese soldiers say they

saw mermaids near Indonesia. They say the mermaids
had spikes on their heads and large tails. There were
many people who saw them.

eS i a te ee le ia ees le a SaaS oe s = oe Slee oe ee ee Ee Ee LL Se oe eee a

2005 — The body of a dead mermaid was found in

India. People say that the body is in a museum. No one
is allowed to see the body. The room where it is kept is
guarded.
admittance ia)
authorised Fe

2009 — Mermaids were seen in Israel. People in the town

say many came close to shore. The mayor offered a prize
of $1 million to anyone who could catch a mermaid.

® Write the date for which the following newspaper headlines might have been used.

1. Mermaid Kept in Secret Room

2. Mermaids Frighten Soldiers at Sea

3. Mermaids Surprise Small Town

Talking Point
1. Which story do you think is most interesting? Why?
2. If mermaids do not exist, what do you think people saw?

O7
 PUT IT TOGETHER

Think About It

Make up a story about a mermaid. Write short notes about your story.
EEN

Where does your mermaid live?

Who sees your mermaid?
|When do they see it?
What does it look like?
What do they do? ae
What happens to the mermaid?

TTT
GOEDSSLES FLEE LOD IF LST ALE ILI A EL PELL LALLA EERE EERNIGER IS
EY fcLDTEL
EGE LIE LIED EF RE ELLY
LGPL LLL OLE EG PEGE EEE ELT ELE

Share your story with a partner. Listen to your partner's story.

—_
oo

| know a story about a mermaid that lives in (where)... She was seen by (who)...
(Who) saw her (when)... (Who) was surprised because the mermaid was (looked like)...

Work as a ciass. Make a chart on the board to find out about the other stories from
your classmates. Write the total number for all of the stories in the chart.

' . Kind of mermaid? Seen where? Seen by how many people? |

Pacific Ocean —
1 person —
Atlantic Ocean —
Nice —
Asia —
2-5 people —
Europe —
Africa —
More than 3 people —
North America —
Scary —
South America —
Australia —
Other —

98
 1. What do you see when you look at the picture?
2. What do you notice first when you look at a person's
face? What is your best facial feature?

Match the definition with the right word.

1. ____—s_ a hard covering that fits over the head spacecraft

Jia very Short period oF time catve

3. ____ a large building in the shape of a triangle shadow

4. ___ when an object or thing looks like a person, or has human form height

5. _ a vehicle that can travel in space anthropomorphism

6. ____ a dark area made by something that is stopping the light pyramid

le a) how tall something is helmet

8. ____—- to cut into a very solid material moment

ce)©O
 The Face on Mars &

In July 1976, the spacecraft Viking 1 flew by the planet Mars. It took many pictures
that it sent back to Earth. Most of the pictures were of things like mountains and rocks.
But one picture was different. This was picture number 35A72. It looked like the face of
a human carved on top of a large mountain. This face was very big. It measured 2,600
feet in height. The face looked like it was wearing some type of helmet. Some people
here on Earth said that this showed that there was once human life on Mars.
Years later, in 1998, a second spacecraft flew over Mars. It was called the Mars
Global Surveyor. It flew over the face and sent back more pictures. But this time the face
did not look like a face. It just looked like a regular mountain. What happened to the
face? Some scientists said that the second picture was taken from a different position
and height than the first picture. When the first picture was taken, the shadows at that
exact moment made it seem like a human face. This is called anthropomorphism.
Anthropomorphism is when we see a rock, or cloud, or tree, and we imagine it looks
like a person. They say that the second picture was taken from a position that showed
no shadows. It showed only the rocks.
For many people, this closed the case. The face was just a rocky mountain, not a
human face. But other people still believe it is a face. They also say that near the face are
many mountains shaped like pyramids. They are even the same size as the pyramids
in Egypt.
Maybe one day astronauts will visit Mars. Will they only find rocks and mountains?
Or will a large face be smiling to meet them?

Words & Phrases

surveyor n. someone or something that

inspects other things with the purpose of
determining the condition, value, or quality
position n. a place; a reference point

100
Reading Comprehension
Circle the best answer.

1. What is the main topic of the reading?

a. A spacecraft that went to Mars b. A rock that looks like a face
c. Astronauts who went to Mars d. Rocks with faces on them

2. What was the first spacecraft to fly over Mars?

a. Pyramid 1 b. Mars Global Surveyor
GOD Ai d. Viking1

3. Which one is NOT an example of anthropomorphism?

a. A cloud that is shaped like a face b. A tree that is shaped like an old man
c. A woman that looks like a movie star d. A rock that looks like sleeping baby

4. Why did they say the face disappeared in the second picture?
The face was moved to a different place.
. The pictures were taken from a different position.
Q . The camera was broken.
=or

Qu . The face was covered by dirt and rocks.

5. What is the meaning of closed the case in line 16?

a. Solved the mystery b. Told a lie
c. Told a secret d. Stopped the answers

Vocabulary Review
Write the word for the definition. Then use the letters with circles to decode the
final message.

1. Special things to see in Egypt je |

2. A hatd lat for’one’s head alee

3. A dark area under or behind something | ; ea

4. A person who explores space SS : | |

5. The measure of how tall something is Cj 4 2

6. To cut a shape into wood or stone 6

skze
7 8
An example of | | | ||
anthropomorphism is: WeeCMEch 3. M7. Sip.) ZT Su 2 ate SS
 Focus on Language

WAV
olaeKeVaYe imallola
ahs

© Look back at the reading. Find and circle these expressions.

|once aov. formerly; at some time in the past but not now ;
|time n. occasion; incident

© Write the correct expression in the blank.

1. The last we ate at this restaurant, the food was delicious.

2. The United States was part of the British Empire.

eTelialatlemelalis

© Study the language below.

® Circle the correct form of the word to complete the sentence.

1. She (studied / was studying) when the phone rang,

2. When Jasmine (arrived / was arriving) home, Ernest was cooking dinner.
3. When it started to rain, we (played / were playing) soccer.
4 Holly dooked / was looking) at clouds when she imagined seeing a face in the sky.

Vocabulary Extension
Write the right word in the blank. Use the correct form of the word. astronaut
Surveyor
Shadow :
helmet
1. Over thousands of years, the fast-moving waters a deep SPacecraft
Position
valley out of the hard rock. Pyramid Carved
2nthropomorphic
2. They hired a(n) to tell them the value of their land.

3. When skiing or skating, you should wear a(n) to protect your head.

4. Many ancient artists created images, like animals with human-like arms, legs,
and faces.

5.- brotuader at the top of the tower, Maria could see far into the distance.

102
 Focus on Strategies

Strategy Focus - Making Connections

® Read the following information about some space movies.

1. War of the Worlds

H. G. Wells’ 1898 novel The War of the Worlds is about Martians coming
to Earth. It was performed as a radio drama in 1938 and made into a
movie in 1953. In the story, Martian technology is much more advanced
than Earth technology. In the end, Earth is saved because the Martians get
sick and die from Earth bacteria.

2. The Angry Red Planet

The Angry Red Planet (1959) was one of the first movies about a human
trip to Mars. The astronauts who explore Mars encounter many strange
and scary creatures. The astronauts must escape the planet before they
are killed. In the end, the Martians leave the humans with a message: /f
you come back to Mars, we will destroy Earth.

3. Mars Attacks!
Mars Attacks! (1996) is another movie about Martians invading Earth. In
this movie, the Martians have very large heads and big, frog-like eyes.
Most of the human characters act selfishly, and most of them die in silly
ways. In the end, Earth is saved when people discover that a certain pop
song makes the Martians’ giant heads explode.

4. John Carter
John Carter is another book that was made into a movie. The novels of
this series were written by Edgar Rice Burroughs. The movie made in
2012 follows the adventures of a US soldier named John Carter who gets
magically sent to Mars. In the end, he chooses to stay on Mars with the
Martians forever.

® Write the right number in the blank.

Which movie...

a. is a comedy?
b. has many unusual creatures?

g was first performed over the radior

d. has a character who decides to live on Mars?

Talking Point
1. Which of the movies above would you most like to see? Why?
2. What is another movie you know that shows life on another planet? What is the movie about?
 PUT IT TOGETHER

Think About It

Below are two beginnings for stories about Martians. One has Martians coming to
Earth. The other has humans going to Mars. Choose the beginning that interests you
the most.

| © | 1. One cool, fall evening, some people saw a bright light flash across the sky. The light
crashed loudly into the ground. There was a lot of smoke, so the people went closer to see
: what it was. |

2. In the year 2030, the government chooses three men and three women to fly to Mars. The
” flight takes three months, but the spacecraft finally arrives on Mars. When the astronauts
get off their ship, they are surprised by what waits for them.

Write the next part of the story.

| ae

On a separate sheet of paper, write your chosen story beginning from

above. Then, write 2-3 sentences that tell what happens next. When you
are finished, pass the story on to another student. That student then
writes 2-3 sentences that tell what happens after that. When 3-5 students
have added to your story, get it back and write the ending.

Share your stories in small groups. Who has the most exciting story? Who has the
funniest story? Whose story has the scariest Martian?

104
WORD LIST
 buckwheat /bak,wi:t/ n. a small dark grain that
is healthier than wheat: Dad made buckwheat
ability /a'bil-1-ti/ n. a skill or talent for doing pancakes for breakfast.
something: He has the ability to win the prize.
chewy /'tfu-i/ adj. requiring a lot of work to cut
amazing /a'mel-zin/ aj. very surprising: The /ittle with one’s teeth: The caramel candies are chewy.
boy Is an amazing artist.
dish /dif/ n. food that is prepared in a particular
balance /‘bel-ans/ n. the ability to control one’s way: They served a tasty dish with chicken and
weight and position in order to stand or move cheese in It.
well: Tim can balance on his toes for a very long
ingredient /in'gri:d-i-ant/ n. one of the things that
time.
goes into a mixture to make food: Some of the
behavior /br'het-vja/ n. a way of acting or doing ingredients in the stew are potatoes and carrots.
things: Susan's parents were happy with her
noodle /‘nu-dl/ n. a thin strip of dough made from
behavior during the formal dinner.
flour and water that is cooked in boiling water:
bend /bend/ v. to make something straight into a People eat a lot of noodles in Italy.
curve: Our legs bend at the knees.
nutty /‘nat-i/ adj. tasting or smelling like nuts:
chi /tfi:/ n. energy or force inside one’s body: This milk has a nutty taste because it’s made from
In Chinese medicine, chi is the most important almonds.
energy a person has.
spring roll /spri 'roul/ n. an Asian dish in which
circus /'s3r-kas/ n. a traveling show: There are meat and vegetables are rolled up inside of a thin
many acrobats and animals in the circus. pancake and then fried: We ate spring rolls and
comic book /‘kam-1k ,buk/ n. a collection of stories fried rice for dinner.
told in drawings: The artist wants to draw for starch /sta:rt{/ n. an ingredient found in grains,
comic books. beans, ard potatoes that can be used in cooking,
hang /hznr/ v. to support something at the top especially to make sauces thicker: There is starch
but leave the bottom free: My coat is hanging on in bread.
the hook beside the door. texture /‘teks-tfar/ n. the way something feels: Si/k
hero /‘hir-ou/ n. someone you respect for their sheets have a smooth texture.
intelligence or abilities: His grandfather Is his hero. wheat /wi:t/ n. a grain used to make flour for
sword /so:rd/ n. a kind of long knife used for bread: Wheat bread Is healthier than white bread.
fighting: Before guns, swords were used in battle.

auditory /'9:-di,to:r-i/ adj. related to hearing:

broth /bro:6/ n. water that has been boiled with Listening to educational talks is good for auditory
meat or vegetables: His mom made chicken broth learners.
for him when he was sick. combination /ka:m-bi'nei{n/ n. a mix of things:
A combination of red paint and blue paint gives
us purple paint.

106
flashcard /‘flef-ka:rd/ n. a small card used for perfectionist /par'fek-fa-nist/ n. a person who
notes: Many students make their own flashcards tries to do everything perfectly: Suzie is such a
to study with. perfectionist that | can’t remember the last time
organize /'9:r-ga-naiz/ v. to put in order: David she made a mistake.
organized his books by subject. personality /p3r-sa'nzl-r-ti/ n. a person's

physical activity /‘fiz-1-kl ak'tiv-1ti/ n. actions character: Katie has a very sweet personality.
that require moving one’s body: Soccer and potentially /pa'ten-fal-i/ adv. maybe; might be
basketball are both physical activities. able to: Walking alone in the city late at night is
suit /sut/ v. to fit; to be appropriate for: Living in potentially dangerous.
the country suits Max because he loves nature. sensible /‘sen-sa-bl/ aaj. acting because of
tactile /‘taek-tl/ adj. related to touch: Tactile books thinking, not because of feeling: High heels are
are often made for blind children to get them not very sensible shoes.
interested in reading. sociable /'sou-fa-bl/ aqj. liking to be around other
theory /‘6r-ri/ n. an idea like a law of nature people: Dan Is very sociable; he'll talk to anyone.
that is suggested to explain something and can stubborn /‘stab-arn/ adj. not changing your mind
be tested by experiments: Susan wants to be a easily; not listening to other opinions: Max is too
musician, and she is studying music theory. stubborn to admit that he is wrong.

tip /tip/ n. a piece of advice: The accountant gave unforgiving /an-far'giv-1n/ adj. not forgetting
us some tips on how to save money. something bad done by another; not allowing
mistakes: Gina Is very unforgiving, so | wouldn't
trace /trets/ v. to copy or follow an outline of a
do anything to make her angry.
shape: Jack couldn't draw a bear, but he traced
one from a photograph in a magazine.
visual /‘viz-u-al/ adj. related to sight: Visual
dictionaries are good for people who are
beginning to learn a new language.
amusement /a'mjuz-mant/ n. a feeling that
something Is fun, funny, or enjoyable: To their
amusement, the games were all fun.
clip /klrp/ n. a short scene from a film or video:
There is a short clip about dogs that is funny.
antigen /‘znt-1-dzan/ n. something that causes
disgust /dis'gast/ n. a feeling that something
the body to make things to fight it: Antigens
is gross or sickening to see: You could see the
include bacteria, viruses, and even pollen.
disgust he felt by the expression on his face.
bacteria /bek'tir-i-a/ n. very small living things
emotion /1'mou-fn/n. a feeling like happiness,
that can make us sick: Her sore throat was caused
sadness, anger, etc.: Even though he is angry, he
by bacteria.
shows no emotion.
confident /‘ka:n-fa-dant/ adj. being sure about
involve /tn'va:lv/ v. to include; to have to do with:
oneself: Jom is confident that his team will win.
Getting there involves walking, riding the bus, and
forgetful /far'get-fl/ adj. not having a good taking a taxi.
memory: Grandpa is a bit forgetful these days.
 lab /leb/ n. a place where scientists do research: solo /‘sou-lou/ adv. alone; by oneself: He wants to
There is a lot of expensive equipment in the take a solo hiking trip across the mountains.
science lab. steel /sti:l/ n. a metal: a form of iron: The bridge Is
rate /reit/ v. to put in order from best to worst made of steel.
or highest to lowest by labeling something with strap /straep/ n. a strong piece of fabric that is
a number: On a scale of one to ten, | rate this used to help carry something: Most backpacks
dessert a ten! have two straps.
scary /'sker-i/ aaj. frightening; able to cause fear: stretch /stret{/ v. to pull something so that it
This movie is so scary! becomes longer, wider, or looser: These pants are
scene /sin/ n. a part of a movie or play that comfortable because they stretch.
happens in one place at one time: The exciting
scene takes place on top of a mountain.

update /ap'deit/ v. to make a newer and better

version: My computer updates itself periodically.
ad /zed/ n. an advertisement; a short video used to
sell products: There are many ads on TV.

aim /etm/ nr. a goal; a purpose: Her aim is to get a

better job this year.
diverse /di'vsrs/ adj. having many different associate with /a'sou-fi-ert wi8/ phrasal v.
kinds: The school has teachers from diverse connected; having something to do with: No one
backgrounds. wants their children associating with criminals.
instrument /‘In-stra-mant/ n. something that bite /bait/ n. a piece of food taken from the whole
makes music: The violin, flute, and guitar are all
with one’s teeth: Someone took a bite out of my
musical instruments.
sandwich.
log /lo:g/ n. a large piece of wood cut from a tree: field /fi:ld/ n. a subject area: Professor Jones
They used the logs to build a fire.
specializes in the field of ancient Egyptian history.
mold /mould/ v. to bend, press, or hit into a
image /‘1m-1dz/ n. a picture or idea that comes to
certain shape: The metal is heated and then
mind: He will always remember the image of his
molded into shape by hitting It. bride in her wedding dress.
outfit /‘aut-fit/ n. a set of clothes worn together: logo /‘lou-gou/ n. a picture or symbol for a
They went shopping for new outfits. company or product: The Adidas logo has three
rattle /rzetl/ n. an instrument that makes short, stripes in the shape of a triangle.
hard sounds when it is shaken: The baby loves to
mermaid /‘msr,meid/ n. an imaginary sea creature
make noise by shaking his new rattle.
that is half woman and half fish: Helen thought
rhythm /‘rid-am/ n. a pattern of beats in music: she saw a mermaid in the ocean, but it was just
The couple dances to the rhythm of the music. some seaweed.

rubber /‘rab-a/ n. a material like plastic that modern /‘ma:d-arn/ adj. of today; up-to-date: The
stretches: The rubber ball bounces a lot. latest phone on the market has the most modern
technology.

108
refreshing /ri'fref-1n/ adj. giving a new or fresh protein /‘prou-ti:n/ n. something that is found in
feeling again: We are thirsty and some refreshing foods that helps make muscles: Meat, cheese, and
ice water Is just what we need. nuts are high in protein.
stand for /stzend fo:r/ phrasal v. to mean; to be worm /warn/ n. a long, thin creature that lives
used as a symbol for: Everyone calls him J.P. which underground: Worms are good for the soil.
stands for John Paul.

acre /‘e1-ka/ n. a measure of land area, equal to

afford /a'fo:rd/ v. to have enough money to pay about 4,047 square meters: There are two acres of
for something: /’m saving up money so that | can fields behind our house.
afford to buy a new car.
breeding /bri:-din/ n. the process of making baby
bug /bag/ n. another word that means “insect”: animals: The zoo has a breeding program for its
There is a bug on the flower. pandas.
compare /kam'per/ v. to look at two things and captive /kzp-tiv/ n. captured and kept
see what is the same and what is different: /f we somewhere: The pirates kept the captives at the
compare these two shirts, we can see that one Is back of the boat.
slightly bigger than the other.
capture /kzp-tfa/ v. to catch an animal: The
cricket /krik-It/ n. a small insect that jumps and veterinarian wants to capture the wounded cat in
makes noises with Its legs: Most crickets are black order to help it.
or brown, but some are green. chick /tftk/ n. a baby bird: The chicks are learning
diet /‘dar-at/ n. all of the food that a person to fly.
normally eats: A vegetarian’s diet has no meat in
extinct /tk'stinkt/ adj. no longer existing:
It. Dinosaurs have been extinct for many years.
insect /‘In-sekt/ n. a small animal that has six legs hatch /hetf/ v. to come out of an egg at birth:
and three parts to its body: Crickets, ants, and flies The sea turtles are hatching and soon they will
are insects, but spiders are not. make their way from the sand to the sea.
nutrient /‘nu-tri-ant/ n. something that the body nest /nest/ n. the place where a bird lays Its eggs:
needs to live and grow: Plants get nutrients from There Is a bird’s nest high up in the tree.
the soil.
pesticide /'pes-ta,said/ n. a chemical used to kill
picky /‘pik-i/ adj. choosy; being very selective insects: Fruits and vegetables grown without the
about accepting new things: Sarah Is very picky use of pesticides are safer to eat.
about her friends.
population /,pa:pjaler-fn/ n. the number
powder /‘pau-da/ n. something which looks like of people or animals in a place: The current
dust that is made by crushing: You can put this population of Smithville is 350,000 people.
yellow powder in your drink and it will make you
release /ri'li:s/ v. to set free: Once the wolf's
fee! better.
broken leg heals, we will release him into the wild.

109
 cape /keip/ n. a long piece of clothing like a coat audience /'9:-di-ans/ n. the people who watch a
without sleeves: Superman wears a red cape. show or performance: The singer loves performing
in front of an audience.
career /ka'rir/ n. a job in a certain field that
one does for a long period of one's life: She has bass /beis/ n. a type of guitar with four strings and
enjoyed a long career as a history professor. a low tone: Wendy plays the bass in a band.
costume /‘ka:s-tum/ n. clothing worn for a special clap /klaep/ v. to hit your hands together
event or to look different: Susan will wear a witch and make a sound: We all clapped after the
costume to the party. performers finished.
curse /k3rs/ n. special words or magic that some concert /‘ka:n-sart/ n. a musical performance
people believe cause bad luck: Many bad things that many people go to see: The concert begins
keep happening to Jake, and he thinks it is at 4:00, but we want to arrive early to get good
because of a curse. seats.
dice /dats/ n. small cubes that have a different form /fo:rm/ v. to create; to make for the first
number of dots on each side: Take your turn and time: She formed a vase from clay.
roll the dice.
makeup /‘metk,ap/ n. colored powder or cream
girlfriend /garl-frend/ ». a girl with whom a boy that you put on your face: That woman wears a
is in a relationship: Nick is holding hands with his lot of makeup.
girlfriend.
monster /‘ma:n-sta/ n. a strange or scary looking
incredible /in'kred-a-bl/ aaj. far beyond normal: creature or animal: The little boy believes there Is a
amazing: They enjoyed beautiful beaches and nice monster under his bed.
weather during their incredible vacation.
persona /par'sou-na/ n. the image of yourself that
producer /pra'du:sa/ n. a person who manages you show to society: The famous athlete's public
the money and operations while making a movie: persona Is different from how he acts at home.
We need permission from the producer before
recognized /‘rek-ag-naizd/ aaj. well-known,
we can increase spending on the film.
familiar, or famous: We recognized the author
role /roul/ n. a part that an actor plays: The from her picture on the back of the book.
auditions for the role of Annie will begin
sell out /sel 'aut/ phrasal v. to have no tickets or
tomorrow at eight o'clock.
products left because people bought all of them:
stuntman /‘stant-mzn/ n. a person who takes an The movie theater is sold out all weekend for that
actor's place to film dangerous scenes in a movie: new movie we wanted to see.
The stuntman will jump off that tall building and
superstar /‘su-par,sta:r/ n. a very famous and
land in the swimming pool below.
successful performer or athlete: Justin Bieber and
wheelchair /‘wi:]-tfer/ n. a chair with wheels used Selena Gomez are superstars.
by people who can’t walk: When Gina broke both
of her legs, she had to use a wheelchair.

adopt /a'da:pt/ v. to accept and begin to use: The

school adopted a new music program this year.

110
champion /'t{zem-pi-an/ n. someone who wins a coal /koul/ n. a black rock from inside the earth,
contest over all others: Jane wants to be a tennis often used as fuel: Let’s put some more coal in the
champion one day. stove.
chess /tfes/ n. a board game of skill for two dinosaur /‘dar-na-so:r/ n. an animal (usually a
players: The old men like to meet in the park and reptile) that lived a very, very long time ago: The
play chess. little boy’s favorite book is about dinosaurs.
disagree /dis-a'gri:/ v. to not agree; to have a footprint /fut-print/ n. a mark left on the ground
different opinion: They disagreed over which kind by a shoe or a foot: The sea washed away the
of pizza to order. footprints in the sand.
exam /1g'zzm/ n. a test on a subject: There is an geologist /dzi'a:l-a-dzist/ n. a type of scientist that
English exam next Tuesday. studies rocks: The geologist was very interested in
grand master /‘grzend mes-ta/ n. one of the best the rocks on the mountain.
chess players in international competitions: Ben handprint /hzend-print/ n. a mark left on a
will play chess with the grand master tomorrow. surface by a hand: The child dipped her hand in
paint and put a handprint on the wall.
instructor /1n'strak-ta/ n. a person who teaches a
Subject or skill: Lucy is the best art instructor I’ve mud /mad/ n. a mixture of dirt and water: Sharon
ever had. stepped in a puddle and got mud all over her
shoes.
mandatory /mezn-da,to:r-i/ adj. being required; of
things that must be done: /n this country, school is otherwise /‘a6-ar-waiz/ adv. differently; in another
mandatory until the age of 14. way: Close the door, otherwise it will get cold in
here.
set aside /set a'said/ phrasal v. to save or keep
money or time for future use: He sets aside some sticky /‘stik-i/ adj. being a little wet and easy to
money every month for a new car. attach things to: / got some honey on my hands,
and they were very sticky.
strategically /stra'ti:-dgik-li/ adv. in a way that
uses planned moves to attack and defend in order
to win in the end: He strategically placed his game
pieces on the board.

athlete /'26 li:t/ n. a person who competes in a

sport: Jason is a great athlete and plays soccer and
basketball well.

area /‘er-i-a/ n. all places near or around some base /beis/ n. a place marked in a game or sport
point: There is snow covering the whole area. where members of one team are safe to rest: He
hit the ball and ran to first base.
artifact /‘a:r-ta,feekt/ n. an object made by people
in the past: There are many interesting artifacts in compete /kam'pi:t/ v. to try to win something
the museum. that someone else Is also trying to win: We are
competing for the trophy.
chain /tfern/ n. a series of metal pieces joined
together like a rope: Darren locked his bike up
with a big chain.

111
 cooperation /kou,a:-pa'rei{n/ n. working together mummy /‘mam-i/ n. a dead body that is treated
toward a goal: With your cooperation, we can before being buried: There is an Egyptian mummy
finish all this work by tomorrow. in the museum.
goal /goul/ n. an end point that one works sailor /'ser-la/ n. a person who works on a boat:
toward: Her goal is to save money so that she can The sailors worked hard to keep the boat safe
go on vacation. during the storm.
gymnastics /dzim'nes-tiks/ n. a sport that uses scream /skri:m/ v. to suddenly cry out in a loud
strength, balance, and body control: Susan has voice: The child screamed when he fell down.
been doing gymnastics for 10 years.
shell /fel/ n. a hard outer covering of an animal or
individual /1m-da'vid3-u-al/ adj. designed for one egg: Some chicken egg shells are white and others
person: That pizza shop makes small individual are brown.
pizzas for lunch.
tail /terl/ n. the bottom half of a fish or back part
sacrifice /‘seek-ri-fats/ v. to give up something of an animal: Dogs wag their tails from side to
one wants in order to help someone else: side when they are happy.
Troy’s parents sacrificed a lot so that he could
wire /‘wata/ n. a thin, flexible piece of metal:
go to university.
He used wire to connect the two pieces together.
track /trek/ n. a sport where the goal is to run
the fastest or jump the highest: Nate is on the
high school track team.
weightlifting /wert,lif-tin/ n. a sport where the
goal is to lift the heaviest weight: Jim won the anthropomorphism /en-6ra-pa'mo:r-fi-zam/ n.
weightlifting competition. when an object or thing looks like a person, or has
wrestling /‘res-l1n/n. a sport where one player human form: The character of Scarecrow in The
throws another to the ground: The two Wizard of Oz is an example of anthropomorphism.
brothers are good at wrestling. carve /ka:rv/ v. to cut into a very solid material:
The artist is carving a beautiful picture into the
rock.

height /hart/ n. how tall something is: The nurse

will measure your height and weight.
bones /bouns/ n. hard pieces that form the
helmet /hel-mit/ n. a hard covering that fits over
skeleton of an animal: They found the bones of
the head: We wear helmets when we ride bikes
a cat in the forest.
and skateboard.
fake /fetk/ adj. not real; made to look like
moment /‘mou-mant/ n. a very short period of
something it is not: She bought her earrings
time: She went to the store, but she'll be back any
for two dollars; they are fake gold.
moment.
fragile /fraed3-I/ adj. easily damaged or broken:
position /pa'zifn/ n. a place; a reference point:
Don’t drop that; it’s very fragile!
The students at the front of the classroom were
gullible /‘gal-a-bl/ adj. easily fooled or cheated: in the best position to see the science experiment.
Gullible people will believe anything you tell them.

112
pyramid /pir-a,mid/ n. a large building in the
shape of a triangle: The ancient Egyptians built
large pyramids many years ago.
shadow /‘feed-ou/ n. a dark area made by
something that is stopping the light: The kids used
their hands and a flashlight to make fun shadows
on the wall.
spacecraft /‘speis-kreft/ n. a vehicle that can
travel in space: The astronauts rode inside the
spacecraft.

surveyor /sar'vel-a/ n. Someone or something

that inspects other things with the purpose of
determining the condition, value, or quality:
The surveyors made new maps of the
surrounding area.

113
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 Faasstrand Approach tsReading§ —_
Power Reading
Power Reading is a three-book series specifically developed for the intermediate
to advanced English language learner. The series has been developed to support
a four-strand approach to language instruction. Each unit incorporates reading
and listening passages on related content to both engage and inform learners. The
graded levels of the series allow learners to comfortably progress to longer and
more challenging topics as they move from book to book. Extension activities in
the Power Reading series support the development of learners’ reading, listening,
writing, and discussion skills through supplemental content that builds on each
unit's main topic.

Features

¢ Informative reading passages developed to add to the real-world

Knowledge of learners while practicing language skills in English
¢ Comprehension questions targeting facts and details, making inferences,
understanding writers’ purposes, and understanding meaning of words and
phrases from context
¢ Vocabulary development activities specifically targeting mid-frequency and
academic words |
¢ Skill-synthesis extension activities developed to practice multiple language
Skills through content related to each unit's topic
MP3 CDs including Class Booster

Power
| Reading

JOE FORTES
BRANCH

XK Compass a2"
Publishing www.compasspub.com/PR