Name: Macandili, Mariwin P.

Date: February 19, 2024

Course & Year: BSA 22-A

Direction: Give an acronym on a word LITERATURE.

L – Learning from the experiences of characters can be a wellspring of
I – Inspiration, guiding one toward the
T – Truths embedded within narratives and encouraging the
E – Expression of personal perspectives through introspective
R – Reflection and this process fosters an
A – Appreciation for the depth of human
T – Thought and leads to a deeper
U – Understanding of the complexities of life, often resulting in
R – Revelation that prompt further
E – Exploration of the literary landscape and the boundless realms of imagination.

Direction: Provide a story from your place/provinces.

a.) Myth
b.) Legend

The Naiad of Botocan Falls

In the province of Laguna, there is a town named
Majayjay, which has a small river on the east, known as the
Botocan, with a beautiful fall. This fall is two hundred and
fifteen feet high, but you imagine that it is higher, for much
of the water is changed into vapor and whenever the sun
shines upon the fall, one or more rainbows are seen. The
water falls into a rocky basin, then flows away in a red bed
between precipitous walls of rocks covered with foliage. In
front of this fall just at the edge of the precipice is a big tree
covered from top to bottom with inscriptions in an unknown
language. At the bottom behind this fall is a spacious cave
inhabited by a wonderful naiad. This naiad is a golden
princess dressed in a garment adorned with the most
precious jewels and gold. In her habitation, she has a servant
and also a golden cow, a golden centipede, and many other
golden things, for whatsoever the naiad uses is made of
gold.
Our ancestors have many traditions concerning the
naiad. About the time of the American occupation, a poor little girl living in a barrio of Majayjay was passing
near the fall with her mother one twilight when she stopped to wash her feet in a stream nearby. After the
mother had passed on, the little girl heard her name called and looking up, she saw the fair naiad. Following her
guidance, the little girl stepped into the stream, and lo! The water on which she stepped was changed into
golden sand. Upon her arrival at the naiad’s cave, she was very much bewildered and amazed at the decorations
of her habitation. The naiad gave this poor girl a great –sum of money including bracelets, necklaces, rings, and
earrings, saying that she must not tell where these valuables came from. Although the bag of gold was very
heavy, yet the little girl went away without any difficulty because the naiad helped her at first in carrying it, but
as she proceeded alone, the bag became heavier and heavier until she had to ask for aid. When she reached
home, her mother asked her where that money came from, but she said that she must not ask, for it was a secret.
Finally, the mother asked her so persistently that she could not keep quiet any longer, so she had to tell the
forbidden secret, but after so doing, she found no money in the chest where she had hidden her treasure.
Another tradition is that if any man brought a white cock, that is, one with feathers, legs, claws, bills,
and other parts all white, the naiad would come out from her cave and would call the man and give him money
in exchange for the cock.
 During the guerrilla warfare between the Americans and Filipinos, an American captain who was
stationed at Majayjay once went to Botocan to take a bath. When he reached the river, he decided first to go to
the bottom of the fall; he did so and when he arrived there, he saw the golden centipede. So, he dived suddenly
to catch him and as the golden centipede was so big that it could not move quickly, the captain caught one of its
legs. He made this one leg into two big rings. When the Americans heard about this treasure, many of them
went there, and they have continued to visit the falls until the present time; but whenever an American or any
foreigner goes there, even if it be Mr. William H. Taft, it rains heavily although the sun shines brightly.
Once a skilful miner came and, slipping up, he suddenly put some magic medicine at the entrance of the
naiad’s cave; but although he caught the naiad ‘s servant, she herself escaped. The naiad was seen that night
riding on a ship in the air accompanied by innumerable butterflies, and she sailed away to the top of Banahaw
Mountain. But she soon returned to her beloved haunt and has often been seen since.

The Legend of Maria Makiling

The many legends of Mariang
Makiling tell of a young woman who
lived on the beautiful mountain that
separates the provinces of Laguna and
Tayabas. Her dwelling place was never
definitely known, because those who had
the good luck to deal with her would
wander about for a long time lost in the
woods, unable to return; neither did they
remember the way, nor were they agreed
as to the place and its description.
While some say her home was a
beautiful palace, bright as a golden
reliquary, surrounded by gardens and fine parks, others assert that they saw only wretched hut with a patched
roof and bamboo sides. Such a contradiction may give rise to the belief that both parties were romancing, it is
true but it may also be due to the fact that Mariang Makiling, like many persons in comfortable circumstances,
might have had dwelling places.
According to eyewitnesses, she was a young woman, tall and graceful with big black eyes and long and
abundant hair. Her colour was a clear pure brown, the kayumangging kaligatan, as the Tagalog say. Her hands
and feet were small and delicate and the expression of her countenance always grave and serious.
She was a fantastic creature, half nymph, half sylph, born under the moonbeams of Filipinas, in the
mystery of its ancient woods, the murmur of the waves on the neighbouring shore. According to general belief,
and contrary to the reputation imputed to the nymphs and goddesses, Mariang Makiling always remained pure,
simple, and mysterious as the genius of the mountain. An old maid-servant we had, an Amazon who defended
her house against the outlaws and once killed one of them with a lance thrust, assured me that she had in her
childhood seen her passing in the distance over the reed grass so lightly and airily that she did not even make
the flexible blades bend.
They said that on the night of Good Friday, when the hunters-built bonfires to attract the deer by the
scent of the ashes of which these animals are so fond, they have discerned her motionless on the brink of the
most fearful abysses, letting her long hair float in the wind, all flooded with the moonlight. Then she would
salute them ceremoniously, pass on, and disappear amid the shadows of the neighbouring trees.
Generally, everyone loved and respected her and no one over dared to question her, to follow, or to
watch her. She has also been seated for a long period upon a cliff beside a river, as though watching the gentle
currents of the stream. There was an old hunter who claimed to have seen her bathing in a secluded fountain at
midnight, when cicadas themselves were asleep, when the moon reigned in the midst of silence, and nothing
disturbed the charm of solitude. In those same hours and under the same circumstances was the time when the
mysterious and melancholy notes of her harp might be heard. Persons who heard them stopped, for they drew
away and became hushed when any attempt was made to follow them up.
Her favourable time for appearing, it is said, was after a storm. Then she would be seen scurrying over
the fields, and whenever she passed, life, order, and calm were renewed. The trees again straightened up their
over-thrown trunks, and all traces of the unchained elements were wiped away.
 When the poor country folk on the slopes of Makiling needed clothing or jewels for solemn occasions of
life, she would lend them and besides, give her a pullet white as milk, one that had never laid an egg, a
dumalaga, as they say. Mariang Makiling was very charitable and had a good heart. Now often has she not, in
the guise of a simple country maid, aided poor old women who went to the woods for firewood or to pick wild
fruits, by slipping among the latter nuggets of gold, coins, and jewels.
A hunter who has one day chasing a wild boar through the tall grass and thorny bushes of the thickets
came suddenly upon a hut in which the animal hid. Soon a beautiful young woman issued from the hut and said
to him gently, "The wild boar belongs to me and you have done wrong to chase it. But I see that you are very
tired; your arms and legs covered with blood. So, I come in and eat and then you may go on your way."
Confused and startled, and besides charmed by the beauty of the young woman, the man went in and ate
mechanically everything she offered him, without being able to speak a single word. Before he left, the young
woman gave him some pieces of ginger, charging him to give them to his wife for her cooking. The hunter put
them inside the crown of his broad hat and after thanking her, withdrew in content. On the way home, he felt his
hat becoming heavy so he took out many of the pieces and threw them away. But what his surprise and regret
when the next day he discovered that what the he had taken to be ginger was solid gold, bright as a ray of
sunshine. Although he tried to look for them later, he could never find even one.
But for many years now, Maria Makiling's presence has not been manifested on Makiling. Her vapoury
figure no longer wanders through the deep valleys or hovers over the waterfalls on the serene moonlight nights.
The melancholy tone of her harp is no longer heard, and now lovers get married without receiving from her
jewels and other presents. Many fear that she has disappeared forever, or at least, she avoids any contact with
mankind.
Yet on the side of the mountain, there is a clear, quiet pool, and the legend persists that the vapour figure
may still be seen reflected in this pool in the mists of early dawn, and from time-to-time people of the
countryside go to watch for her there.

Name God/Goddess of... Indigenous Description

Group
Ipamahandi accidents Bukidnon goddess of accidents
Ikapati agriculture Tagalog goddess of cultivated land and
fertility
Makatalubhay agriculture Tagalog god of bananas
Ginuong Dalaga agriculture - crops Tagalog goddess of crops
Kabunyan agriculture - crops Kalinga supreme deity; makes the soul
suitable for good crops; wards off
bad spirits
Lakan-bakod agriculture - crops Tagalog god of crops; god of rice; god of
the fruits of the earth; protector of
fences
Taragomi agriculture - crops Bagobo god of crops
Kampungan agriculture - fields Tagalog god of harvests and sown fields
Pusod-Lupa agriculture - fields Tagalog god of the fields
Tagumbanwa agriculture - fields Bukidnon guardian of the fields
Uwinan Sana agriculture - fields Tagalog god of the fields and the jungle
Anianihan agriculture - harvest Ilocano god of harvest
Bangutbanwa agriculture - harvest Aklanon god of good harvests and an orderly
universe
Damulag agriculture - harvest Sambal harvest - god of protecting fruiting
rice from the elements
Dumangan agriculture - harvest Sambal harvest - god of good harvest
Dumangan agriculture - harvest Tagalog god of good harvest
Kalasakas agriculture - harvest Sambal harvest - god of early ripening of
rice stalks
Kalasokus agriculture - harvest Sambal harvest - god of turning grain
yellow and dry
Kampungan agriculture - harvest Tagalog god of harvests and sown fields
Lalahon agriculture - harvest Bisaya goddess of fire, volcanoes, and the
harvest
Tag-ani agriculture - harvest Tagalog god of harvest
Taphagan agriculture - harvest Manobo goddess of the harvest who guards
the rice in the granary
Wigan agriculture - harvest Ifugao god of good harvest
Bingsol agriculture - Tagalog god of ploughmen
ploughmen
Baybay agriculture - rice Batak goddess and master of rice
Kakiadan agriculture - rice Manobo goddess of rice
Pilay agriculture - rice Isnag spirit of the rice; a ritual is offered
to Pilay to ensure that children
don't go hungry
Apo ancestral spirits Maranao ancestral spirits (tonong) tasked to
kill or drive away evil spirits
Kapapu-an ancestral spirits Karay-a ancestral spirits from whom the
supernatural powers of shamans
originated; with their help, specific
types of shamans can cause water
to gush from rocks, create oil
shields, leap far distances, pass
through solid matter, or become
invisible
Umboh ancestral spirits Sama-Bajau ancestral spirits
Bulalakaw animals Talaandig deity who protects the creatures in
the rivers
Gemang animals Bugkalot guardian of wild beasts
(Ilongot)
Lalawag animals Talaandig deity who protects wild pigs
Maka-andog animals Waray epic giant-hero who controlled
wildlife and fish and was friendly
with the sea spirits
Makaboteng animals Tinguian guardian of deer and wild hogs
(Itneg)
Mangumanay animals Talaandig deity who protects wild chickens
Pamahandi animals Bukidnon protector of carabaos and horses
Panya’en animals Batak entities who control certain wild
trees and animals
True animals Mamanwa deity of the forest; herder of
hunting animals
Lakambini / Lakandaytan attachment Tagalog god of attachment
Dal'lang beauty Ilocano goddess of beauty
Malagu beauty Kapampangan goddess of beauty; married a
mortal
Lalawig bees Bukidnon incantu (guardian divinity) of bees
and honey
Mangusal bees Talaandig deity who protects honeybees
Ungaw bees Batak god and master of bees
Aldó bird deity Kapampangan white fiery bird; one of the souls of
Batálâ
Baroko bird deity Eskaya the bird who aided in the retrieval
of the Lingganay nga Ugis (silver
bell), which it dropped at
Kamayaan river, where it can only
be retrieved by Ai Suno, the
supreme child deity, when he
returns to free his people from
bondage; if the bell is retrieved by
someone else, a great deluge will
occur
Batálâ / Salaksak bird deity Kapampangan kingfisher deity known as father
sky; when he was swallowed by
Dapu, the crocodile deity who
carried the earth on her back,
Batálâ's two souls came out - Aldó
and Búlan
Bulalakaw bird deity Capiznon bird god who can cause illness
Búlan bird deity Kapampangan red fiery bird; one of the souls of
Batálâ
Galurâ bird deity Kapampangan giant eagle; bringer of storms
Kalao bird deity Bugkalot spirit birds who guide and protect
(Ilongot) hunters' lives and souls
Maylupa bird deity Tagalog crow master of the earth
Muhen bird deity T'boli bird god of fate; when heard, his
song is thought to portend
misfortune and any undertaking is
immediately abandoned or
postponed
Sarimanok bird deity Maranao sacred omen birds
Matanda business Tagalog god of merchants and second-hand
dealers
Busao calamity Bukidnon god of calamity
Banig caves Ifugao spirits of the hillsides and caves
Matimtiman charm Kapampangan goddess of charm; married a mortal
Abyang Durunuun charms Bisaya goddess of charms
Umouiri clouds Manobo god of clouds
Dagau creator deity Manobo goddess of creation; lives at the
world's four pillars
Makaako creator deity Ilonggo creator and the most powerful god
(Hiligaynon)
Makalindung creator deity Manobo god of creation; set up the world on
iron posts
Melu creator deity Blaan creator deity
Minaden creator deity Teduray creator of mankind
(Tiruray)
Nanolay creator deity Gaddang creator of all things
Parsua creator deity Ilocano creator deity
Tagna-an creator deity Karay-a creator god and the most powerful
and versatile shaman
Saragnayan darkness Bisaya god of darkness
Saragnayan darkness Capiznon god of darkness
Sipnget darkness Ilocano goddess of darkness
Liwayway dawn Tagalog goddess of dawn
Tala dawn Tagalog goddess of stars; also called Bulak
Tala, deity of the morning star
Aring Sinukûan death Kapampangan sun god of war and death
Hangin death Ilonggo spirits of the death wind; takes the
(Hiligaynon) life of the elderly
Malakal Maut death Maranao angel of death; takes the soul of
someone 3-7 days after the person's
leaf falls from the sacred tree
Sidapa death Bisaya goddess of death; co-ruler of
Kamaritaan, the middleworld,
together with Makaptan
Tagbayan death Ifugao divinities associated with death;
feast on human souls
Diwata ko sa Magaw destruction Maranao spirit of destruction
Kalaon destruction Bicolano god of destruction
Tungkung Langit drought Capiznon god of the sky who brings famine,
drought, storms, and floods
Apadel / Kalagang dwellers Tinguian guardian deity; dweller of the
(Itneg) spirit-stones
Aran dwellers Ibanag tiny human-like beings that reside
in trees, anthills, and dark spaces
Be’tang dwellers Bugkalot shape-shifting spirit-creatures who
(Ilongot) dwell in the forests or wilderness;
can enter dreams and alter a
human's sense of time
Bulaw dwellers Buhid immortals who live in mountain
Mangyan peaks and are depicted as shooting
stars because when they fly from
one peak to another, they light their
way with torches made from
human bone
Daniw dwellers Hanunoo spirit dwelling in the healers' stone
Mangyan
Malawan dwellers Buhid spirits that live in the springs in the
Mangyan deep forest
Munduntug dwellers Ifugao divinities living in mountains who
cause hunters to be lost
Pinacheng dwellers Ifugao deities living in caves, stones,
creeks, rocks who mislead and hide
people
Tonong dwellers Maranao divine spirits who aid heroes;
usually live in nonok trees, seas,
lakes, and the sky realm
Afo Daga earth Buhid lahi (protector spirit) of the earth
Mangyan
Bunag earth Gaddang god of the earth
Kaptan earth Ilonggo god of the earth
(Hiligaynon)
Lulid-Batang earth Capiznon god of the earth, responsible for
earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
Sedumunadoc earth Tagbanwa god of the earth, whose favor is
sought to have a good harvest
Tagma-sa-Yuta earth Subanon god of the earth
Kolyog earthquakes Ifugao god of earthquakes
Linok earthquakes Bisaya god of earthquakes
Lulid-Batang earthquakes Capiznon god of the earth, responsible for
earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
Pinganun-pinganun enchanted places Bisaya god of enchanted places
Dadanhayan ha Sugay evil Bukidnon evil deity with a human body and
ten heads
Datu na Gyadsal evil Maguindanao the chief adversary
Tungkung Langit famine Capiznon god of the sky who brings famine,
drought, storms, and floods
Ikapati fertility Tagalog goddess of cultivated land and
fertility
Lakapati fertility Tagalog fertility deity; deity of vagrants and
waifs
Obban fertility Kankanaey goddess of reproduction; daughter
of the supreme deity Lumawig
Lalahon fire Bisaya goddess of fire, volcanoes, and the
harvest
Makilum-sa-bagidan fire Bisaya god of fire
Amansinaya fishing Tagalog goddess of fishermen
Magindang fishing Bicolano god of fishing; guides fishermen to
a good catch through sounds and
signs
Tungkung Langit floods Capiznon god of the sky who brings famine,
drought, storms, and floods
Bago forest / woods Isnag spirit of the forest
Dayang Dayang Mangilai forest / woods Sama-Bajau goddess of the forest; one of two
supreme deities
Diwata ng Kagubatan forest / woods Cuyonon and goddess of the forest
Agutaynen
Mamelig forest / woods Bukidnon incantu (guardian divinity) of the
forest
Okot forest / woods Bicolano forest god; his whistles lead hunters
to their prey
Pawi forest / woods Aeta (Agta, god of the forest
Ayta)
Tagma-sa-Manguabungud forest / woods Subanon god of the woods
True forest / woods Mamanwa deity of the forest; herder of
hunting animals
Idianale good deeds Tagalog goddess of labor and good deeds;
also referred to as a goddess of the
rice field
Namtogan good fortune Ifugao god of good fortune who made rice
harvests and livestock bountiful;
paraplegic
Mangalagar good grace Sambal goddess of good grace
Tigbas government Bukidnon god of good government
Burigadang Pada Sinaklang greed Capiznon goddess of greed
Bulawan
Apadel / Kalagang guardian deities Tinguian guardian deity; dweller of the
(Itneg) spirit-stones
Incantus guardian deities Bukidnon guardian spirits and divinities who
comprised six of the seven original
figures created by the three
supreme deities
Segoyong guardian deities Teduray guardians of nature; many
(Tiruray) specialize in a particular class, such
as fire, water, trees, grass, deer,
pigs, land caves, and caves behind
waterfalls
Sumpoy guide Ilonggo god who guides the soul towards a
(Hiligaynon) very high mountain
Cabuyaran healing Ilocano goddess of healing
Menalam healing Gaddang female goddess-spirit who enters
the body of a healer in a trance and
gives instructions on how to heal
the sick
Talanganay healing Gaddang male god-spirit who enters the
body of a healer in a trance and
gives instructions on how to heal
the sick
Akasi health Sambal god of health and sickness
Lumalayag health Tagbanwa warriors who challenge and fight
the salakap (spirits of sickness)
Mangindusa / Nagabacaban heavens Tagbanwa god of the heavens; punisher of
crime; depicted as sitting and
swinging back and forth in a
bintayawan
Banig hills Ifugao spirits of the hillsides and caves
Suklang-malaon homes Bisaya goddess of happy homes
Anilaw ha Sumagda house deity Talaandig house deity who guards the door
Dadagunan hu Suguy house deity Talaandig house deity who guards the lawn
Diwata ha Manilib house deity Talaandig house deity who records the
activity of people inside the house
Diwata Pinatanlay house deity Talaandig house deity who guards the house
and stays at the ridge of the roof
Sinyuda Kahibunan house deity Talaandig house deity who keeps the hall
Abog hunting Bagobo god of hunters
Alagaka hunting Tagalog protector of hunters
Amanikable hunting Tagalog god of the sea; god of hunters
Anlabban hunting Isnag special protector of hunters; looks
after the welfare of people in
general
Kalao hunting Bugkalot spirit birds who guide and protect
(Ilongot) hunters' lives and souls
Kedes hunting Aeta (Agta, god of the hunt
Ayta)
Mamlindao hunting Kalinga hunting spirits
Paglingniyalan hunting Tagalog god of hunters
Sugudun / Sugujun hunting Manobo god of hunters and trappers
Uwinan Sana jungle Tagalog god of the fields and the jungle
Idianale labor Tagalog goddess of labor and good deeds;
also referred to as a goddess of the
rice field
Magdan-durunoon lakes Bisaya god of hidden lakes
Kaptan lightning Bisaya supreme god; god of the sky;
controls the wind and lightning
Keat lightning Bugkalot personification of lightning
(Ilongot)
Kidlat lightning Tagalog god of lightning
KiLat lightning Kalinga god of lightning
Linting Habughabug lightning Capiznon god of lightning, who shouts in
anger, and whose look can kill
people
Revenador lightning Ilocano god of thunder and lightning
Ribung Linti lightning Suludnon deity of lightning and
(Panay- thunderstorms
Bukidnon)
Anagolay lost things Tagalog goddess of lost things
Dian Masalanta lovers Tagalog goddess of lovers
Diwata mediator Pala'wan benevolent and protective deity
(Palawano) who is the mediator between
humans and the supreme deity
Liddum mediator Ifugao chief mediator between the people
and other gods; the only deity who
inhabits the Kabunian realm
Sappia mercy Bisaya goddess of mercy
Glinton metalwork T'boli god of metalwork
Ked-Yem metalwork Bontok god of blacksmiths
Tolus ka Gomanan metalwork Bagobo god of smiths
Mahinhin modesty Kapampangan goddess of modesty; married a
mortal
Apûng Malyari moon Kapampangan moon god, ruler of the eight rivers
Bulan moon Ifugao moon deity
Bulan moon Pangasinense moon god; merry and mischievous;
guides the ways of thieves; his
palace is the source of light of the
stars
Bulan moon Bisaya moon deity
Delan moon Bugkalot deity of the moon; giver of light
(Ilongot) and growth
Haliya moon Bicolano goddess of the moon
Kabigat moon Bontok goddess of the moon
Launsina moon Capiznon goddess of the sun, moon, stars,
and seas; the most beloved by
people
Mayari moon Kapampangan moon goddess who battled her
brother, Apolaqui
Mayari moon Tagalog goddess of the moon
Hanan morning Tagalog goddess of the morning
Afo Fungsu mountains Buhid lahi (protector spirit) of mountain
Mangyan peaks
Batungbayanin mountains Batak spirit of the mountains
Camiguin mountains Bukidnon mountain goddess
Dumakulem mountains Tagalog guardian of mountains
Ibabagsuk nature Bukidnon incantu (guardian divinity) of
nature and plants
Makiling nature Tagalog kind goddess of Mount Makiling
and protector of its environment
and wildlife
Saitan nature Sama-Bajau nature spirits
Inikadowa other spirits Maranao a tonong (benign spirit) double or
guardian of a person, who is with
the person from the moment the
baby is born
Jinn other spirits Sama-Bajau familiar spirits
Makalun other spirits Ifugao spirits that serve as messengers of
the gods
Sikag a Makaombaw other spirits Maranao an intelligent and independent
tonong (spirit) living within a very
powerful amulet, which grants its
wielder authority over all other
tonong
Tunung other spirits Maguindanao spirits who live in the sky, water,
mountain, or trees; listens to
prayers and can converse with
humans by borrowing the voice of
a medium; protects humans from
sickness and crops from pests
Agtayabun other top level Bukidnon adviser and peacemaker deity with
 deities a hawk-like head, wings, and a
human body
Alunsina other top level Karay-a mother goddess
deities
Ampual other top level Ifugao god of the fourth skyworld;
deities bestowed plants and animals on
people
Cumucul other top level T'boli son of the supreme deities; has a
deities sword and shield and a cohort of
fire
Dadanhayan ha Sugay other top level Bukidnon evil deity with a human body and
deities ten heads
Diwata other top level Batak god who provides for the needs of
deities humans and gives out rewards for
good deeds
Kadaklan other top level Tinguian second-ranked deity who taught the
deities (Itneg) people how to harvest crops, cure
sickness, overcome bad omens and
ward off evil spirits
Laon other top level Aklanon chief goddess
deities
Loos Klagan other top level Blaan most feared deity; uttering his
deities name is considered a curse
Lumawig other top level Bontok second son of Kabunian who taught
deities the Bontok the five core values of
an egalitarian society
Agtayabun peace Bukidnon adviser and peacemaker deity with
a hawk-like head, wings, and a
human body
Bulan peace Ilocano god of peace
Manglubar peace Sambal god of peaceful living
Kainomayan plenty Sambal goddess of plenty
Malaykat protection Maguindanao angelic beings who protect each
person from illness; they also guide
people in work, making humans
active, diligent, and good
Nága protection Kapampangan serpent deities who protect
structures against fire
Tigyama protection Bagobo god of protection
Anitun Tabu rain Tagalog goddess of wind and rain
Anitun Tauo rain Sambal goddess of wind and rain
Diwata Kat Sidpan rain Tagbanwa deity who controls the rain
Oden rain Bugkalot deity of the rain
(Ilongot)
Tagbanua rain Manobo god of rain
Balangaw rainbow Bisaya the rainbow; one of the gods of war
Bighari rainbow Tagalog goddess of the rainbow; known for
her love of flowers
Bungun rainbow Kalinga god of the rainbow
Llokesin rats Ifugao god of rats
Halupi remembrance Ifugao divinities of remembrance
Afo Sapa rivers Buhid lahi (protector spirit) of rivers
Mangyan
Apûng Malyari rivers Kapampangan moon god, ruler of the eight rivers
Fu El Melel rivers T'boli spirit of the river
Sirinan rivers Isnag spirit of the river
Sumalongsong rivers Suludnon deity of the rivers and seas
(Panay-
Bukidnon)
Tagma-sa-uba rivers Subanon god of the rivers
Bangan romance Kankanaey goddess of romance; daughter of
the supreme deity Lumawig
Amanikable sea Tagalog god of the sea; god of hunters
Dagat sea Bicolano goddess of the sea
Haik sea Tagalog god of the sea who protects
travelers from storms and tempests
Launsina sea Capiznon goddess of the sun, moon, stars,
and seas; the most beloved by
people
Lidagat sea Bisaya the sea married to the wind;
daughter of Maguayan, the god of
the waters
Limat sea Gaddang god of the sea
Magyawan sea Ilonggo god of the sea
(Hiligaynon)
Makilum-sa-tubig sea Bisaya god of the sea
Neguno sea Cuyonon and god of the sea
Agutaynen
Polo sea Tagbanwa god of the sea whose help is
invoked during times of illness
Sedsed sea Aeta (Agta, god of the sea
Ayta)
Sumalongsong sea Suludnon deity of the rivers and seas
(Panay-
Bukidnon)
Tagma-sa-Dagat sea Subanon god of the sea
Umboh Tuhan / Umboh Dilaut sea Sama-Bajau god of the sea; one of two supreme
deities
Makapulaw sea - sailors Tagalog god of sailors
Sumangâ sea - vessels Sama-Bajau spirit of sea vessels; guardian who
deflects attacks on boats
Beljan / Balyan shamans Pala'wan spirits of all beljan (shamans) who
(Palawano) travel across the universe (which is
divided into fourteen different
layers) to heal the world and
reestablish cosmic balance
Lageay Lengkuos shamans Teduray greatest of heroes; a shaman
(Tiruray) (beliyan) who made the earth and
forests; the only one who could
pass the magnet stone in the strait
between the big and little oceans
Akasi sickness Sambal god of health and sickness
Makaptan sickness Bisaya god of sickness; co-ruler of
Kamaritaan, the middleworld,
together with Sidapa
Salakap sickness Tagbanwa spirits of epidemic sickness that
arrive with the northwest winds
Alunsina sky Bisaya goddess of the sky
Aninitud angachar sky Ifugao deity of the sky world whose
dissatisfaction with offerings
manifests as lightning and thunder
Batálâ / Salaksak sky Kapampangan kingfisher deity known as father
sky; when he was swallowed by
Dapu, the crocodile deity who
carried the earth on her back,
Batálâ's two souls came out - Aldó
and Búlan
Kaptan sky Bisaya supreme god; god of the sky;
controls the wind and lightning
Languiton sky Bicolano god of the sky
Laonsina sky Karay-a sky goddess
Mino’aw a Minepen sky Maranao powerful spirit of the sky
Tawen sky Bugkalot personification of the sky
(Ilongot)
Tolos sky Maranao benign spirits (tonong) who inhabit
the sky realms; invoked in times of
battle and quests
Tungkung Langit sky Capiznon god of the sky who brings famine,
drought, storms, and floods
Apu Daga soil Hanunoo spirit in the soil
Mangyan
Talagbugta soil Bukidnon incantu (guardian divinity) of the
 soil
Apila sports Manobo god of wrestling and sports
Baka stars Teduray one of six constellation deities
(Tiruray) asked by the hero Lageay
Lengkuos to remain in the sky to
aid in people's farming
Fegeferafad / Keluguy stars Teduray one of six constellation deities
(Tiruray) asked by the hero Lageay
Lengkuos to remain in the sky to
aid in people's farming
Gaygayoma stars Tinguian star goddess
(Itneg)
Kenogon stars Teduray one of six constellation deities
(Tiruray) asked by the hero Lageay
Lengkuos to remain in the sky to
aid in people's farming
Kufukufu stars Teduray one of six constellation deities
(Tiruray) asked by the hero Lageay
Lengkuos to remain in the sky to
aid in people's farming
Launsina stars Capiznon goddess of the sun, moon, stars,
and seas; the most beloved by
people
Mi’lalabi stars Ifugao star and constellation deities
Pandac stars Bugkalot deity of the stars; giver of light and
(Ilongot) growth
Seretar stars Teduray one of six constellation deities
(Tiruray) asked by the hero Lageay
Lengkuos to remain in the sky to
aid in people's farming
Singkad stars Teduray one of six constellation deities
(Tiruray) asked by the hero Lageay
Lengkuos to remain in the sky to
aid in people's farming
Tala stars Tagalog goddess of stars; also called Bulak
Tala, deity of the morning star
Tálâ stars Kapampangan the bright star who introduced wet
rice cultivation
Fon Batoo stones / minerals Blaan spirit of rocks and stones
Liadlao stones / minerals Bisaya gold-bodied son of Lidagat and
Lihangin; his body became the sun
Libulan stones / minerals Bisaya copper-bodied son of Lidagat and
Lihangin; his body became the
moon
Licalibutan stones / minerals Bisaya rock-bodied son of Lidagat and
Lihangin; inherited control of the
wind from his father; his body
became the earth
Lisuga stones / minerals Bisaya silver-bodied daughter of Lidagat
and Lihangin; her body fragmented
to become the stars
Paglimusan stones / minerals Batak spirit of the small stones
Sulingbunganin stones / minerals Batak spirit of the big rocks
Galurâ storms Kapampangan giant eagle; bringer of storms
Inaiyau storms Manobo god of storms
Puwok storms Ifugao controls typhoons
Sarangan-sa-bagtiw storms Bisaya god of storms
Tungkung Langit storms Capiznon god of the sky who brings famine,
drought, storms, and floods
Umboh Baliyu storms Sama-Bajau spirits of wind and storms
Kasaray-sarayan-sa-silgan streams Bisaya god of streams
Bankakah strength Batak one of the deities of strength
Baybayen strength Batak one of the deities of strength
Buengelen strength Batak one of the deities of strength
Paraen strength Batak one of the deities of strength
Siabuanan strength Batak one of the deities of strength
Adlaw sun Bisaya sun deity
Agueo sun Pangasinense sun god who lives in a palace of
light
Algao sun Aeta (Agta, sun god
Ayta)
Amman sun Ilocano god of the sun
Apolake sun Tagalog god of the sun; god of warriors;
ruler of the world during daytime
Apolaqui sun Kapampangan sun god who battled his sister,
Mayari
Aring Sinukûan sun Kapampangan sun god of war and death
Chal-chal sun Bontok god of the sun
Elag sun Bugkalot deity of the sun; giver of light and
(Ilongot) growth
Init-init sun Tinguian sun god
(Itneg)
Launsina sun Capiznon goddess of the sun, moon, stars,
and seas; the most beloved by
people
Magrakad sun Tagbanwa god found on the other side of the
sun at exactly noontime; gives the
warmth which sustains life and
carries away sickness when people
are ill
Mapatar sun Ifugao sun deity
Ai Suno supreme deity Eskaya supreme child deity
Ama-Gaolay supreme deity Pangasinense supreme deity
Bagatulayan supreme deity Tinguian supreme deity; directs the activities
(Itneg) of the world and the heavenly
realms
Bathala supreme deity Tagalog supreme god and creator deity, also
known as Bathala Maykapal,
Lumilikha, and Abba
Bulon La Mogoaw supreme deity T'boli one of two supreme deities;
married to Kadaw La Sambad;
lives in the seventh layer of the
universe
Buni supreme deity Ilocano possible name of the supreme being
who tasked giants with creation
Dayang Dayang Mangilai supreme deity Sama-Bajau goddess of the forest; one of two
supreme deities
Diwata Magbabaya supreme deity Subanon supreme deity; creator of heaven
and earth; lives in the sky; can turn
anyone into stone through his
lightning
Empuq / Ampu / Nagsalad supreme deity Pala'wan supreme deity and creator of all
(Palawano) things; also called Nagsalad (the
weaver) because he is the master
who wove the world and created
several kinds of humanity
Gamhanan supreme deity Aklanon supreme deity and giver of life,
security, and livelihood
Gugurang supreme deity Bicolano supreme god; god of good
Gutugutumakkan supreme deity Aeta (Agta, supreme deity
Ayta)
Kabunian supreme deity Ifugao supreme deity; chief among the
high-ranking deities above the
skyworld
Kabunian supreme deity Ibaloi supreme deity
Kabunian / Intutungcho supreme deity Bontok supreme deity
Kabunyan supreme deity Kalinga supreme deity; makes the soul
suitable for good crops; wards off
bad spirits
Kadaw La Sambad supreme deity T'boli one of two supreme deities;
married to Bulon La Mogoaw; lives
in the seventh layer of the universe
Kaptan supreme deity Bisaya supreme god; god of the sky;
controls the wind and lightning
Laon supreme deity Ilonggo supreme goddess and creator
(Hiligaynon)
Laon supreme deity Capiznon supreme goddess
Lumawig supreme deity Kankanaey supreme deity
Magbabaya supreme deity Bukidnon supreme deity; created the earth,
sea, sky, moon, stars, and the first
eight elements
Magbabaya supreme deity Talaandig supreme deity
Maguimba supreme deity Batak god in the remotest times; lived
among the people; provided all the
necessities of life and cures for all
illnesses; able to bring the dead
back to life
Magwala / Magdili supreme deity Ati supreme spirit
Mahal na Makaako supreme deity Hanunoo supreme deity
Mangyan
Maka-ako supreme deity Karay-a supreme deity residing on the
uppermost level of the cosmic
universe's seven layers
Makapangwa supreme deity Ibanag supreme being
Makapatag-Malaon supreme deity Waray supreme deity who had both a male
(Makapatag - fearful and
destructive) and female (Malaon -
understanding) aspect
Malayari supreme deity Sambal supreme deity and creator
Manama / Sigalungan supreme deity Manuvu supreme deity; created the diwatas
to assist him in creation
Mangetchay / Mangatia supreme deity Kapampangan supreme deity
Pamulak Manobo supreme deity Bagobo supreme deity and creator of the
world
Supreme Being supreme deity Maguindanao supreme deity who is far way, and
so lesser divinities and spirits hear
people's prayers instead
Tagbusan supreme deity Manobo supreme deity; rules over the
destinies of all other gods and
mortals
Tahaw supreme deity Mamanwa supreme deity
Tohan supreme deity Maranao supreme deity
Tulus supreme deity Teduray the Great Spirit who created all
(Tiruray) things from mud, including those
that we see (such as humans) and
those that we can't see (such as
spirits)
Tungkung Langit supreme deity Suludnon supreme deity; the most powerful
(Panay- male Diwata
Bukidnon)
Umboh Tuhan / Umboh Dilaut supreme deity Sama-Bajau god of the sea; one of two supreme
deities
Mangilala temptation Bukidnon god of temptation; haunts the
seventh tier of the underworld
Ibu the dead Manobo goddess; rules over the land of the
dead
Imbayan / Lingayan the dead Ifugao divinities who guide souls after
they die
Maguayen the dead Ilonggo god who carries the souls of the
(Hiligaynon) dead to the ends of the earth in a
boat
Manduyapit the dead Manobo god who ferries departed souls
across the red river before going to
the afterworld
Paalulong the dead Tagalog god of the sick and the dead
Lampinsaka the sick Tagalog god of the lame and cripple
Paalulong the sick Tagalog god of the sick and the dead
Polo the sick Tagbanwa god of the sea whose help is
 invoked during times of illness
Tagma-sa-langit the sick Subanon god who protects the sick
Anit / Anitan thunder Manobo guardian of the thunderbolt
Kidu thunder Bugkalot personification of thunder
(Ilongot)
KiDul thunder Kalinga god of thunder
Revenador thunder Ilocano god of thunder and lightning
Ribung Linti thunder Suludnon deity of lightning and
(Panay- thunderstorms
Bukidnon)
Upu Kuyaw thunder Pala'wan grandfather god of thunder
(Palawano)
Bangun Bangun times / seasons Suludnon deity of universal time; regulates
(Panay- cosmic movements
Bukidnon)
Gatpanapun times / seasons Kapampangan represents the afternoon
Lakandanup times / seasons Kapampangan represents the sun at noontime; god
of gluttony
Linamin at Bulag times / seasons Pala'wan goddess of the dry season
(Palawano)
Mapulon times / seasons Tagalog god of seasons
Munag Sumalâ times / seasons Kapampangan represents dawn; golden serpent
child
Pahulangkug times / seasons Suludnon deity who changes the seasons
(Panay-
Bukidnon)
Sisilim times / seasons Kapampangan represents the dusk; her arrival is
greeted by the songs of the cicadas
Galangkalulua travel Tagalog winged god who loves to travel
Kapiso Pabalita travel Tagalog news-giving protector of travelers
Balungbunganin trees Batak spirit of the almaciga trees
Fon Kayoo trees Blaan spirit of the trees
Panya’en trees Batak entities who control certain wild
trees and animals
Aninitud chalom underworld Ifugao deity of the underworld whose
anger manifests as a sudden
shaking of the earth
Masaken underworld Kankanaey ruler of the underworld
Masekën underworld Ibaloi ruler of the underworld; has red
eyes, green eyebrows, and a tail
Mebuyan underworld Bagobo underworld goddess
Tabiacoud underworld Tagbanwa god of the underworld
Taliyakud underworld Tagbanwa chief god of the underworld who
tends a fire between two tree
trunks; asks questions of the souls
of the dead
Tau Dalom Tala underworld Blaan spirit who lives in the underworld
Makilum-sa-twan valleys / plains Bisaya god of the plains and valleys
Maklilum-sa-twan valleys / plains Capiznon god of the plains and valleys
Lalahon volcanoes Bisaya goddess of fire, volcanoes, and the
harvest
Lulid-Batang volcanoes Capiznon god of the earth, responsible for
earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
Apolaqui / Apolaki war Pangasinense war god
Aring Sinukûan war Kapampangan sun god of war and death
Balangaw war Bisaya the rainbow; one of the gods of war
Hipag war Ifugao ferocious spirits of war that give
soldiers courage on the field of war
Inaginid war Bisaya one of the gods of war
Makanduk war Bisaya one of the gods of war
Pamdiya war Manobo war divinities
Sidapa war Tagalog god of war who settles disputes
among mortals
Talagbusao war Bukidnon bloodthirsty god of war
Apolake warriors Tagalog god of the sun; god of warriors;
ruler of the world during daytime
Chacha warriors Bontok god of warriors
Darago warriors Bagobo god of warriors
Mandarangan warriors Bagobo god of warriors
Apo water Maranao benign tornado and waterspout
spirits (tonong) tasked to kill or
drive away evil spirits
Apu Dandum water Hanunoo spirit in the water
Mangyan
Bulalakaw water Bukidnon incantu (guardian divinity) of the
water and all the creatures living in
it
Fon Eel water Blaan spirit of water
Fu El water T'boli spirit of water
Maguayan water Bisaya god who rules the waters as his
kingdom; father of Lidagat
Tubigan water Bicolano god of the water
Yumud water Manobo god of water
Fili wealth / property Ifugao divinities of property
Kayamanan wealth / property Sambal goddess of wealth
Mamahandi wealth / property Bukidnon incantu (guardian divinity) of the
material wealth of men
Tao-sa-sulup wealth / property Bukidnon god of material goods
Abra weather Ilocano god who controls the weather
Libtakan weather Manobo god of sunrise, sunset, and good
weather
Bait Pandi weaving Bagobo goddess of weavers
Fu Dalu weaving T'boli goddess of the abaca plant; speaks
to weavers in their dreams and
guides them in creating patterns
and designs
Mamiyo weaving Ifugao stretcher of skeins; one of 23
Ifugao weaving deities
Monlolot weaving Ifugao winder of thread on the spindle;
one of 23 Ifugao weaving deities
Alipugpug wind Isnag spirit of the little whirlwind from
the burned field, whose presence is
a sign of a good harvest coming
Amihan wind Tagalog gentle wind deity who plays only
during half of the year, because
playing together with her brother,
Habagat, would be too much for
the world to handle
Anitun Tabu wind Tagalog goddess of wind and rain
Anitun Tauo wind Sambal goddess of wind and rain
Domalongdong wind Bukidnon god of the north wind
Habagat wind Tagalog active wind deity who plays only
during half of the year, because
playing together with his sister,
Amihan, would be too much for the
world to handle
Hangin wind Tagalog god of wind
Kaptan wind Bisaya supreme god; god of the sky;
controls the wind and lightning
Lihangin wind Bisaya the wind married to the sea; son of
Kaptan, the sky god
Linamin at Barat wind Pala'wan goddess of the monsoon winds
(Palawano)
Lubay-lubyuk Hanginun si wind Capiznon goddess of the evening breeze
Mahuyuk-huyukun
Magbaya wind Bukidnon god of the west wind
Maguyaen wind Bisaya goddess of the winds of the sea
Ognaaling wind Bukidnon god of the south wind
Paros wind Bicolano god of the wind
Puok wind Ifugao a kind of Hidit (punishing
divinities) who use winds to
destroy the dwellings of miners
 who break taboos
Saguday wind Ilocano god of the wind
Tagaloambung wind Bukidnon god of the east wind
Umboh Baliyu wind Sama-Bajau spirits of wind and storms
Ginuong Pagsuutan women Tagalog protectress of women and travail
Ibabasag women Bukidnon goddess of pregnant women