S4 INTERNSHIP PROGRAM - 2023

Internship Report
Submitted by

ALFIN K JOHNSON
2101030290
In Partial fulfilment for the award of the Diploma
In
Electrical &Electronics Engineering

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

Government Polytechnic College Pala
State Board of Technical Education, Kerala
May 2023
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the internship report entitled “ S4 INTERNSHIP

REPORT PROGRAM - 2023” is a bonafide record of the work done by ALFIN K
JOHNSON [2101030290] under our supervision, in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the award of Diploma in Electrical & Electronics Engineering
from State Board of Technical Education, Kerala for the year 2023-2024.

BINU B R ALFIN K JOHNSON

Designation Designation
Internship Guide Internship Coordinator

BINU B R
Head of the Department
Electrical & Electronics Engineering

Date : Seal :
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all with a deep sense of thankfulness, let me bow before GOD Almighty
for the steadfast love, constant inspiration and flowing grace in each and every step
of this industrial visit work to make it a reality.
I am extremely thankful to our Principal Mrs. ANI ABRAHAM, for giving
permission To conduct the INTERNSHIP.
My sincere thanks to Mrs. BINU B R (Head of the Department of Electrical
and Electronics, GPTC Pala) who gave us a co-ordination. I extend my thanks
to our faculties Mrs. BABITHA our invigilator.
I extend my thanks to all teaching staff of the Electrical and Electronics
Department, GPTC Pala for the efforts they took.

At last my special thanks to my parents and friends, for all moral support and
motivation until the end.
 CONTENTS

1. Objectives...........................................................................05
2. Outcomes............................................................................06
3. Rescue And Electric Company….......................................08
4. S & S Electricals.................................................................15
5. Kerala State Electricity Board Limited...............................27
 OBJECTIVES

 Provide possible opportunities to learn and understand

technical/supervisory skills required to be developed by the student
as he advances the program.
 Expose current technological developments relevant to the subject area.
 Utilize experience gained from the ‘Internship’ in classroom discussions.
 Create conditions conducive to the quest for knowledge and its applicability
on the job.
 Apply technical knowledge in real industrial situations.
 Expose students to the engineer’s responsibilities and ethics.
 Promote academic, professional, and/or personal development Promote self-
learning

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 OUTCOMES

1. Demonstrate the importance of teamwork in engineering.

2. Demonstrate sustainable engineering practices for the benefit of the society.
3. Demonstrate the ability of learning current technological trends.
4. Assimilate engineering responsibilities and professional ethics

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7
 RESCUE AND ELECTRIC COMPANY

DATE : 09/05/2023 to 18/05/2023

About Rescue Electric Company

RESCUE ELECTRIC COMPANY (REC), an ISO 9001 & 2008 certified

company, more than a decade old organization in the field of WAT Franklin Plus
lightning protection system, lightning warning system, DEHN surge protection
system, grounding system & exothermic welding solutions. Our goal is to provide
safe and technologically advanced solutions falling under the umbrella of lightning
protection.
In striving to offer the best service, REC offers the customers a whole team of
specialists to facilitate all the following services.

• Project assessment: Risk of lightning strike analysis, regulatory compliance,

reports, designs, diagrams and techno commercial offers.
• Technical assessment: Technical team for evaluating the most suitable
solution for each case.
• Installation & execution: Team of installers and specialists to carry out
LPS works.
• Inspection & maintenance: Inspection of the lightning protection
installations according to the national and international standards and
maintenance of the system.

EXTERNAL PROTECTION

(Protection against direct lightning impact of lightning strikes on structures and

people)

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• Lightning rods with ESE design
• Mesh system / Faraday Cage / Structural Lightning Protection design
• Earthing Systems

INTERNAL PROTECTION

(Protection against surge / transient overvoltage)

• Protection of equipment’s connected to electrical networks
• Protection of equipment’s connected to signal & telecommunications lines
• Protection of measure and control equipment’s

EARTHING SOLUTIONS & EXOTHERMIC WELDING

• Design of Earthing and equipotential bonding
• Earth Mats / Grids for HV/LV, Signal & Communication applications
• Special earthing solutions and cathodic protection system
• Exothermic welding for permanent and solid electrical connectivity of earthing
system

Objectives Of The Internship

 Specific goals set for the internship period.

 Learning outcomes expected from the internship experience.

Internship Experience

 Description of the substations visited during the internship.

 Hands-on experience gained with various transmission components.
 Tasks and projects assigned during the internship.
 Challenges faced and how they were overcome.

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Products

1. Surge Protection Device

Surge protection devices are designed to protect against transient surge

conditions. Large single surge events such as lightning can reach hundreds of
thousands of volts and can cause immediate or intermittent equipment failure.

2. Lightning Arrester

Lightning arrester help prevent lightning damage to the apparatus because of

high voltages. The lightning arrester provides a low-impedance road all the
way to the ground for the lightning current. It then restores to a normal
operating condition.

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3. ESE Lightning Arrester

The ESE Lightning Arrester provides an enhanced radius of protection,

reducing the number of lightning arresters and down conductors needed for
your structure while still providing complete protection.

4. Lightning Protection System

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 The function of lightning protection system to intercept, conduct and disperse
a lightning strike safely to earth.

5. Solar Surge Protection

By providing a low- resistance path to ground, SPDs effectively absorb and

redirect the energy of the surge preventing it from damaging connected
devices.

Conclusion

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The internship was based on the electrical, electronics, instrumentation and
computer department. The internship helps to knows more and be aware of the
departments and it also helps to know technical and scientific application of the
internship topics. It also helps to engineer’s responsibility, duties and ethics.
Internship helps to gain experience and technical upgradation on the department.

13
14
 S&S ELECTRICALS

DATE : 19/05/2023 to 23/05/2023

Day 1: Introduction and Basic Training

Activities:

 Introduction to the company, team members, and safety protocols.

 Basic training on tools and equipment used by wiremen, including
pliers, wire strippers, multimeters, and screwdrivers.
 Overview of common wiring tasks and safety measures to prevent
electrical hazards.
 Observed senior wiremen perform basic wiring tasks, such as cutting,
stripping, and connecting wires.

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Learning Outcomes

 Gained an understanding of the importance of safety in electrical work.

 Learned the names and functions of essential tools and equipment.
 Familiarized with basic wiring techniques.

Day 2: Residential Wiring

Activities:

 Assisted in installing wiring for a new residential building.

 Practiced measuring and cutting wires to specified lengths.

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  Helped with routing wires through conduits and walls.
 Connected wires to outlets, switches, and circuit breakers under supervision.

Learning Outcomes:

 Improved skills in handling and installing wiring in residential settings.

 Learned the process of routing and securing wires.
 Gained experience in connecting wires to various electrical components.

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DAY 3: Troubleshooting and Maintenance

Activities:

 Participated in troubleshooting electrical issues in an existing building.

 Used a multimeter to test for voltage, current, and resistance.
 Identified and repaired faulty wiring connections and replaced
damaged wires.
 Conducted routine maintenance checks on electrical systems.

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 Learning Outcomes:

 Developed problem-solving skills related to electrical issues.

 Enhanced ability to use diagnostic tools like the multimeter.
 Learned techniques for repairing and maintaining electrical systems.

Day 4: Commercial Wiring

Activities:

 Assisted in wiring a commercial office space.

 Installed network cables and power outlets for office equipment.
 Helped with the installation of lighting fixtures and switches.
 Ensured all wiring complied with building codes and standards.

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 Learning Outcomes:

 Gained experience in commercial wiring installations.

 Learned about the different requirements and standards for
commercial electrical work.
 Improved skills in installing various electrical fixtures and components.

How To Wire A House: Step By Step

We’re going to walk you through wiring a standard room in your home that would
have outlets, light switches, and at least one light fixture in the ceiling. This can be
applied to just about any room you wire and other standard electrical jobs around
the house.

Step 1: Locate And Mark Box Locations

Before you begin to wire your room, it’s essential that you first locate and mark the
spots for any cable boxes or electrical outlets. You’re going to want a pencil so that
you can mark these locations on either side of the open wall space where they will
go in with masking tape. You can also write directly on the wall if you haven’t
installed your drywall yet. You will mark each box as either a duplex receptacle
(dual outlet), single switch, three-way switch, or light fixture. You can summarize
using initials or use the electrician symbols found here.

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Step 2: Place Box On Your Frame

It’s important to place the box on your frame to know where it will go and how
high or low. You can either measure each wall with your tape measure and mark it
with a pencil or use a level to ensure everything is flush. Standard heights for
outlets are 12 inches, and light switches will be 48 inches. Next, drill your box into
the exposed wood frame in the spot you want it, making sure to place a 2×4 behind
it to make room for drywall and window frames.

Step 3: Drill Bore Holes For Running Your Cables

Next, you’ll need to drill holes through the wall studs so you can run your
electrical cables through them around the room. This ensures they don’t sit on the
ground behind the wall and stay nice and organized. The holes should be at least
3/4 inch in size and be at least 1 1/4 inch away from the wall or back of the stud.
This ensures the cables are run right through the middle and don’t touch any
surrounding walls.

Step 4: Thread The Cable Through The Holes

Now, thread the cable through the holes in each stud. This may take some time to

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do depending on how many cables you have going through it. You’ll want to make
sure

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they’re threaded as smoothly and evenly as possible so that there are no bulges or
kinks. Threading a single wire can be done by hand, but if you have more, you
might need to use needle-nose pliers to push and pull them through.

Step 5: Cut The Cable To Length At The Box

Once you reach your cable to the intended circuit or switch box, cut it to size,
leaving at least 12 inches of extra at first. The last thing you want is to cut it too
short. Strip this last section of all but 1 to inches of sheathing to expose the wires.

Step 6: Run Cables To Your Main Circuit Panel

Now, take your exposed wires and run them to the main circuit panel in your
home. These will be either at ground level or on a low shelf in an unfinished
basement, utility room, or garage. You’ll want to clearly label each cable to the
room or circuit it’s leading to. Using a sharpie to mark these before you run them
to the service panel is a fail-proof way of doing so.

We highly recommend hiring a professional electrician to do this last part—

connecting your newly wired cables to their corresponding circuits in the service
panel. To make their jobs easy, make sure to leave 4 to 5 feet of cable extra for
them to work with.

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Step 7: Run And Strip The Wires And Cover The Ends

Each box will have pre-cut holes that you’ll punch out using a screwdriver. These
holes are where your cables go through to enter the box housing. Once you get the
cables threaded through, you can staple them 8 to 10 inches from the box against
the wall studs. This will keep them tight and secure with no extra hanging
anywhere.

You will then strip the wires, so they are separate and ready to connect to your
circuit or switch. Use a wire cover to cover each end to keep them safe until
installation can be complete.

Step 8: Group And Label Your Wires

At this point, you’ll need to group and label your wires. There are many ways of
doing so—the best way is with a marker and electrical tape. You can also use zip
ties if they’re available or have wire labels for more specific grouping purposes.
Then, when your remodel is completely done, you’ll know which groups go to
your overhead lighting, the outlets, or your light switch, etc.

Step 9: Finish Your Drywall

Complete your remodel! Make sure every bit of wiring is done before you finish
the drywall. It’s much easier to do this now than open the wall back up to make
critical repairs.

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Step 10: Install Outlets, Switches, And Fixtures

Now the fun part. It’s time to install all of your outlets, light switches, and light
fixtures in the room and see your handy work come to life! Check out our guide on
how to safely install an electrical outlet.

As you can see, wiring a house isn’t difficult with the proper guidance and
preparation. However, it might be challenging to do it all on your own—especially
if this is your first time doing something like this. So if you’re looking for some
help, our team of experts is ready and waiting to partner with you to make sure
everything goes smoothly from start (planning) to finish (installation).

We want nothing more than for you to feel comfortable about tackling any
electrical project that comes up! With these DIY tips at your disposal, we know
you can handle it, and with our help, we can ensure everything goes smoothly.

Day 5: Final Review and Assessment

Activities:

 Reviewed all tasks performed during the internship with the supervisor.
 Received feedback on performance and areas for improvement.
 Discussed career opportunities and further training options in the
electrical field.
 Completed a practical assessment to demonstrate learned skills.

Learning Outcomes:

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 Received constructive feedback and identified areas for growth.

Understood the next steps for pursuing a career as a wireman.

Successfully demonstrated practical wiring skills in a real-world setting.

Conclusion

The 5-day internship at S&S ELECTRICALS provided invaluable hands-on

experience in the field of electrical wiring. I gained practical skills, improved my
understanding of safety protocols, and learned about both residential and
commercial wiring practices. The feedback and guidance from experienced
wiremen have been instrumental in my professional development. I am grateful for
the opportunity and look forward to continuing my education and career in this
field.

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27
 KERALA STATE ELECTRICITY BOARD SUBSTATION

DATE : 24/05/2023 to 28/05/2023

Introduction

The Kerala State Electricity Board (KSEB) operates various substations across the
state to ensure the efficient transmission and distribution of electricity. One such
substation is located in Ettumanoor, within the Kottayam district. Ettumanoor is a
town known for its agricultural prominence and scenic beauty, nestled in the
foothills of the Western Ghats.

Objectives Of The Internship

 Specific goals set for the internship period.

 Learning outcomes expected from the internship experience.

Internship Experience

 Description of the substations visited during the internship.

 Hands-on experience gained with various transmission components.
 Tasks and projects assigned during the internship.
 Challenges faced and how they were overcome.

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Transmission Components and Their Functions

 Detailed explanation of key transmission components:

o Transformers: Types, functions, and role in voltage regulation.
o Circuit breakers: Types, operation, and importance in system
protection.

o Isolators: Purpose, types, and use in isolating sections of the network.

o Conductors: Types of conductors used in transmission lines, their
properties, and considerations.

Maintenance and Operation of Transmission Components

 Importance of regular maintenance in ensuring the reliability of transmission

components.
 Overview of maintenance procedures for transformers, circuit breakers,
isolators, and conductors.
 Safety protocols followed during maintenance activities.

Challenges and Innovations

 Common challenges faced in the operation and maintenance of substations

and transmission components.
 Innovative solutions or technologies implemented to overcome these
challenges.
 Future trends in substation design and transmission component technology.

Conclusion

 Summary of key findings and experiences during the internship.

 Personal reflections on the learning gained and its relevance to future career
goals.
 Acknowledgment of individuals or departments who supported during the
internship.

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Recommendations

 Suggestions for improvements in substation operations or maintenance

practices based on the internship experience.
 Areas for further study or research related to transmission components and
their works.

References

 List of sources consulted for information and data included in the report.

Appendices

 Additional documents, photos, or data relevant to the internship experience

(optional).

1. Transformers: These devices are used to change the voltage level of

electricity, either stepping it up for long-distance transmission or stepping it
down for distribution to consumers. They consist of coils of wire wrapped
around a core and operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction.
2. Circuit Breakers: Circuit breakers are switches designed to interrupt
electrical currents in case of overload, short circuit, or other faults in the
electrical system. They play a crucial role in protecting the electrical
network from damage and ensuring the safety of personnel.
3. Isolators (Disconnect Switches): Isolators, also known as disconnect
switches, are mechanical switches used to disconnect sections of the
electrical network for maintenance or repairs. Unlike circuit breakers,
isolators are not designed to interrupt current flow under normal operating
conditions but are used to isolate equipment for safety during maintenance.
4. Conductors: Conductors are materials (usually metals) that allow electric
current to flow through them with minimal resistance. In transmission lines,
conductors carry electricity over long distances from power plants to

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 substations and from substations to distribution networks. They are typically
made of aluminum or copper due to their excellent conductivity properties.

These components work together to ensure the efficient transmission and

distribution of electricity from power generation sources to end-users, while also
maintaining safety and reliability within the electrical grid.

Classification of the main components based on their function and purpose in

electrical substations:

1. Primary Components:
o Transformers: Primary transformers step up voltage for long-
distance transmission or step down voltage for distribution to
consumers.
o Circuit Breakers: These are essential for protecting the system
against faults and overloads by interrupting the flow of electricity
when necessary.
o Isolators (Disconnect Switches): Used for isolating sections of the
electrical network for maintenance or repairs, ensuring safety for
personnel working on the system.
2. Supporting Components:
o Busbars: These are conductive bars or wires that serve as junctions
for connecting various components of the substation.
o Instrument Transformers: Devices used to measure voltage and
current in the high-voltage environment of substations, providing
inputs to protective relays and meters.
o Control Panels: These house the control and monitoring equipment
for the substation, allowing operators to manage and monitor the flow
of electricity.
3. Transmission Lines:
o Conductors: The wires or cables that carry electricity over long
distances between substations and power generation sources, usually
made of aluminum or copper.
4. Protection and Control Devices:

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 o Relays: Protective relays detect abnormal conditions in the electrical
system and trigger circuit breakers to isolate the faulty section.
o Sensors: Devices that measure parameters such as voltage, current,
and temperature to provide input for control and protection systems.
o SCADA Systems: Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition systems
monitor and control the operation of the substation remotely,
providing real-time data for analysis and decision-making.
5. Auxiliary Components:
o Cooling Systems: Necessary for cooling transformers and other
equipment to maintain optimal operating temperatures.
o Grounding Systems: Ensure the safety of personnel and equipment
by providing a path for fault currents to dissipate safely into the
ground.
o Lightning Protection Systems: Protect sensitive equipment from
damage due to lightning strikes by diverting lightning currents away
from critical components.

This classification helps understand the roles and interrelationships of various

components within an electrical substation, ensuring the efficient and reliable
operation of the power grid.

WHAT I LEARNED ?

• Knows more about technical developments in my topic.

• Gained more experience and information’s from the internship.
• Gained knowledge for application of technological knowledge in real industrial
situations.
• Learning about engineer’s responsibilities and ethics.
• Learns about professional knowledge and personal development.
• Learns about the pros and cons of the current technologies of
electrical,electronics, instrumentations and computer department

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Whether I achieved Expected Learning Outcomes

It was a new experience, which gave me chance to learn more deeply regarding
the subjects. Through these sections, I achieved many of my learning goals, In a
nut shell i can conclude that I have achieved Expected learning outcome

Feedback
It was conducted very well. Through these classes, we have learned more deeply
regarding the subjects. It was different from normal classes, so we got a new
experience in studying. Here we are thanking all those persons, who were there
with us in the entire classes. Thank you all.

CONCLUSION
The internship was based on the electrical, electronics, instrumentation and
computer department.The internship helps to knows more and be aware of the
departments and it also helps to know technical and scientific application of the
internship topics. It also helps to engineer’s responsibility, duties and ethics.
Internship helps to gain experience and technical upgradation on the department.

33