Pilot’s Guide for Models

NGT-9000 NGT-9000R
NGT-9000+ NGT-9000R+
NGT-9000D NGT-9000RD
NGT-9000D+ NGT-9000RD+
 Document Precedence
This Pilot’s Guide provides general information about the operation of the NGT-
9000. Refer to your FAA-approved Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) and its flight
manual supplements for information specific to your aircraft. If there is conflicting
information between the AFM and this guide, the AFM takes precedence over
this guide.
Disclaimer
The term “Lynx NGT-9000” when used in this Pilot’s Guide encompasses all
models unless otherwise stated.
This Pilot’s Guide is subject to change without notice. The illustrations in this
guide are typical for the Lynx NGT-9000.
Screen information may look different on displays interfaced with the Lynx NGT-
9000. Refer to the pilot’s guide for that display for a description of how
information is depicted.
The installation of ADS-B In avionics provides the pilot with supplemental
information and does not replace a pilot’s see-and- avoid responsibility. This
equipment is not approved as a collision avoidance tool. Any deviation from an
air traffic control clearance based on cockpit information must be approved by the
controlling ATC facility prior to commencing the maneuver. Uncoordinated
deviations may place an aircraft in close proximity to other aircraft under ATC
control not seen on the airborne equipment and may possibly result in the
issuance of a pilot deviation.
ADS-B is currently being deployed throughout the National Airspace System
(NAS). The availability of U.S. ground based transceivers (GBT) is limited in
selected areas. For information regarding the FAAs system of ADS-B, TIS-B,
ADS-R, and FIS-B refer to the FAAs Aeronautical Information Manual sections
4-5-7 to 4-5-10.
Revision Highlights
Revision N: Converted to Word, minor format differences. Updated for features
added in Software Release 4.0.

Pilot’s Guide i
 Pilot’s Guide
Methods and apparatus disclosed and described herein have been developed
solely on company funds. No government or other contractual support or
relationship whatsoever has existed which in any way affects or mitigates
proprietary rights of ACSS® in these developments. Methods and apparatus
disclosed herein may be subject to U.S. Patents existing or applied for. ACSS®
reserves the right to add, improve, modify, or withdraw functions, design
modifications, or products at any time without notice.
Export Notice
This Pilot’s Guide meets the definition of public domain in accordance with (22
CFR 120.11 or 15 CFR 734.7-11)
Product Part No.
9029000-2xxxx (panel mount)
9029000-4xxxx (remote mount)
Document Part No. 0040-17000-01 (Revision N)
© Copyright 2015 ACSS ®
Refer to the following for additional copyright information:
http://www.l3aviationproducts.com/open-source/
http://www.l3aviationproducts.com/open-source- software-report/
Trademarks
Lynx ® is a registered trademark of ACSS
The NGT-9000 is covered by one or more of the following patents: 9,285,472
and 8,736,465. Other patents pending
Aviation Communications and Surveillance Systems (ACSS)
19810 N. 7th Ave.
Phoenix, AZ. 85027-4741
Telephone: (623) 445-7070 Technical Assistance Hotline (24/7 Service
available)
Fax: (623) 445-7001
Email: ACSS.TechSupport@L3Harris.com

Pilot’s Guide ii
 Table of Contents

Chapter 1 DESCRIPTION......................................................................................... 1-1

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 1-1
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION .............................................................................. 1-2
EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION ................................................................................ 1-8
Chapter 2 OPERATION - PANEL MOUNT .............................................................. 2-1
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 2-1
PILOT ADVISORY ................................................................................................. 2-1
POWER ON ........................................................................................................... 2-2
BASIC OPERATION .............................................................................................. 2-6
TRANSPONDER OPERATION ........................................................................... 2-11
TRAFFIC OPERATION ....................................................................................... 2-16
AURAL ANNOUNCEMENTS............................................................................... 2-30
AUDIO MUTING .................................................................................................. 2-31
DETAILS ON TRAFFIC OPERATION ................................................................. 2-32
TRAFFIC ALERTING........................................................................................... 2-35
WEATHER OPERATION..................................................................................... 2-45
TAWS OPERATION ............................................................................................ 2-65
LIGHTNING OPERATION ................................................................................... 2-83
MAINTENANCE MODE ....................................................................................... 2-88
Chapter 3 OPERATION - REMOTE MOUNT ........................................................... 3-1
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 3-1
POWER ON ........................................................................................................... 3-1
CP-2500 CONTROL PANEL ................................................................................. 3-2
Chapter 4 CONTROLS AND INDICATORS............................................................. 4-1
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 4-1
COCKPIT SWITCHES ........................................................................................... 4-1
INDICATOR LAMPS .............................................................................................. 4-2
ALTERNATE DISPLAYS ....................................................................................... 4-3
Chapter 5 TROUBLESHOOTING ............................................................................ 5-1
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 5-1
GENERAL DISPLAY CONDITIONS ...................................................................... 5-1
SYSTEM STATUS MESSAGES............................................................................ 5-4

Pilot’s Guide iii

 List of Illustrations
Figure 1-1: Example of Panel Mount Lynx NGT-9000 .............................................. 1-3
Figure 1-2: Example of Remote Mount Lynx NGT-9000 ........................................... 1-3
Figure 1-3: Example of Own Aircraft UAT, 1090ES, & TAS/TCAS Traffic ................ 1-7
Figure 2-1: Example of Splash Screen ...................................................................... 2-2
Figure 2-2: Example of System Status / Version Screens ........................................ 2-3
Figure 2-3: Example of Flight ID Screen ................................................................... 2-4
Figure 2-4: Example of Normal Operation ................................................................. 2-4
Figure 2-5: Example of Normal Operation (TCAS Only Configuration)..................... 2-5
Figure 2-6 Example of Normal Operation (Transponder Disabled Configuration) .... 2-5
Figure 2-7 Left Screen - XPDR Disabled................................................................... 2-9
Figure 2-8: Transponder Application Screen ........................................................... 2-11
Figure 2-9: Squawk Code Edit Screen .................................................................... 2-13
Figure 2-10: Example of System Test Screen ......................................................... 2-14
Figure 2-11: Traffic Applications Screen ................................................................. 2-17
Figure 2-12: Traffic Options Screen – Status (Internal GPS) .................................. 2-25
Figure 2-13 Traffic Options Screen - Status (External GPS)................................... 2-26
Figure 2-14: Traffic Options Screen – Settings ....................................................... 2-27
Figure 2-15 Traffic Option Screen – Settings (Transponder disabled) .................... 2-27
Figure 2-16: Example of Traffic Information Window .............................................. 2-29
Figure 2-17: ATAS Traffic Display and Traffic Zone Graphic .................................. 2-38
Figure 2-18: Example of ATAS Predicted Intruder Path.......................................... 2-39
Figure 2-19: Traffic Display Mode and TAS/TCAS Traffic Zone Graphic ................ 2-43
Figure 2-20: FIS Button ........................................................................................... 2-48
Figure 2-21: Weather Map ....................................................................................... 2-49
Figure 2-22: Example of NEXRAD Weather Map ................................................... 2-52
Figure 2-23: On/Off Options Screen ........................................................................ 2-54
Figure 2-24: Weather Map Legend Screen ............................................................. 2-55
Figure 2-25: Declutter Option Screen ...................................................................... 2-56
Figure 2-26: Weather Map Text Screen .................................................................. 2-57
Figure 2-27: Product Pick List Window.................................................................... 2-58
Figure 2-28: Aloft Map Screen ................................................................................. 2-58
Figure 2-29: Winds Aloft Map Elements .................................................................. 2-59
Figure 2-30: FIS-B Textual Application.................................................................... 2-61
Figure 2-31 Example of Edit Airport ID Window ...................................................... 2-62
Figure 2-32: Example of Favorites Window............................................................. 2-63
Figure 2-33: Example of Product Pick List Window ................................................ 2-64
Figure 2-34: TAWS Screen ..................................................................................... 2-65
Figure 2-35: Terrain Display Only - No Alerts Screen ............................................. 2-66
Figure 2-36: TAWS Airport Text Screen .................................................................. 2-71
Figure 2-37: TAWS Options Screen ........................................................................ 2-72
Figure 2-38: Forward Looking Terrain Avoidance (FLTA) ....................................... 2-75
Figure 2-39: Phase of Flight Definitions .................................................................. 2-75
Figure 2-40: Reduced RTC Alert Condition ............................................................. 2-76
Figure 2-41: ITI Alert Condition ............................................................................... 2-77

Pilot’s Guide iv
Figure 2-42: Premature Descent Alert Condition .................................................... 2-78
Figure 2-43: Excessive Descent Rate Alert Condition ............................................ 2-79
Figure 2-44: Excessive Descent Rate Graph .......................................................... 2-79
Figure 2-45: Negative Climb Rate or Altitude Loss after Takeoff Alert Condition ... 2-80
Figure 2-46 Negative Climb Rate Graph ................................................................. 2-81
Figure 2-47: Altitude Loss After Takeoff Graph ....................................................... 2-81
Figure 2-48: Altitude of 500 Feet Callout Condition ................................................ 2-82
Figure 2-49: Lightning Screen 360 View ................................................................. 2-83
Figure 2-50: Lightning Screen 120 View ................................................................. 2-84
Figure 2-51: Lightning Setting Page ........................................................................ 2-86
Figure 2-52: Maintenance Screens ......................................................................... 2-89
Figure 3-1: Example of CP-2500 ............................................................................... 3-3

Pilot’s Guide v
 List of Tables
Figure 1-1: Example of Panel Mount Lynx NGT-9000 .............................................. 1-3
Figure 1-2: Example of Remote Mount Lynx NGT-9000 ........................................... 1-3
Figure 1-3: Example of Own Aircraft UAT, 1090ES, & TAS/TCAS Traffic ................ 1-7
Figure 2-1: Example of Splash Screen ...................................................................... 2-2
Figure 2-2: Example of System Status / Version Screens ........................................ 2-3
Figure 2-3: Example of Flight ID Screen ................................................................... 2-4
Figure 2-4: Example of Normal Operation ................................................................. 2-4
Figure 2-5: Example of Normal Operation (TCAS Only Configuration)..................... 2-5
Figure 2-6 Example of Normal Operation (Transponder Disabled Configuration) .... 2-5
Figure 2-7 Left Screen - XPDR Disabled................................................................... 2-9
Figure 2-8: Transponder Application Screen ........................................................... 2-11
Figure 2-9: Squawk Code Edit Screen .................................................................... 2-13
Figure 2-10: Example of System Test Screen ......................................................... 2-14
Figure 2-11: Traffic Applications Screen ................................................................. 2-17
Figure 2-12: Traffic Options Screen – Status (Internal GPS) .................................. 2-25
Figure 2-13 Traffic Options Screen - Status (External GPS)................................... 2-26
Figure 2-14: Traffic Options Screen – Settings ....................................................... 2-27
Figure 2-15 Traffic Option Screen – Settings (Transponder disabled) .................... 2-27
Figure 2-16: Example of Traffic Information Window .............................................. 2-29
Figure 2-17: ATAS Traffic Display and Traffic Zone Graphic .................................. 2-38
Figure 2-18: Example of ATAS Predicted Intruder Path.......................................... 2-39
Figure 2-19: Traffic Display Mode and TAS/TCAS Traffic Zone Graphic ................ 2-43
Figure 2-20: FIS Button ........................................................................................... 2-48
Figure 2-21: Weather Map ....................................................................................... 2-49
Figure 2-22: Example of NEXRAD Weather Map ................................................... 2-52
Figure 2-23: On/Off Options Screen ........................................................................ 2-54
Figure 2-24: Weather Map Legend Screen ............................................................. 2-55
Figure 2-25: Declutter Option Screen ...................................................................... 2-56
Figure 2-26: Weather Map Text Screen .................................................................. 2-57
Figure 2-27: Product Pick List Window.................................................................... 2-58
Figure 2-28: Aloft Map Screen ................................................................................. 2-58
Figure 2-29: Winds Aloft Map Elements .................................................................. 2-59
Figure 2-30: FIS-B Textual Application.................................................................... 2-61
Figure 2-31 Example of Edit Airport ID Window ...................................................... 2-62
Figure 2-32: Example of Favorites Window............................................................. 2-63
Figure 2-33: Example of Product Pick List Window ................................................ 2-64
Figure 2-34: TAWS Screen ..................................................................................... 2-65
Figure 2-35: Terrain Display Only - No Alerts Screen ............................................. 2-66
Figure 2-36: TAWS Airport Text Screen .................................................................. 2-71
Figure 2-37: TAWS Options Screen ........................................................................ 2-72
Figure 2-38: Forward Looking Terrain Avoidance (FLTA) ....................................... 2-75
Figure 2-39: Phase of Flight Definitions .................................................................. 2-75
Figure 2-40: Reduced RTC Alert Condition ............................................................. 2-76
Figure 2-41: ITI Alert Condition ............................................................................... 2-77

Pilot’s Guide vi
Figure 2-42: Premature Descent Alert Condition .................................................... 2-78
Figure 2-43: Excessive Descent Rate Alert Condition ............................................ 2-79
Figure 2-44: Excessive Descent Rate Graph .......................................................... 2-79
Figure 2-45: Negative Climb Rate or Altitude Loss after Takeoff Alert Condition ... 2-80
Figure 2-46 Negative Climb Rate Graph ................................................................. 2-81
Figure 2-47: Altitude Loss After Takeoff Graph ....................................................... 2-81
Figure 2-48: Altitude of 500 Feet Callout Condition ................................................ 2-82
Figure 2-49: Lightning Screen 360 View ................................................................. 2-83
Figure 2-50: Lightning Screen 120 View ................................................................. 2-84
Figure 2-51: Lightning Setting Page ........................................................................ 2-86
Figure 2-52: Maintenance Screens ......................................................................... 2-89
Figure 3-1: Example of CP-2500 ............................................................................... 3-3

Pilot’s Guide vii

 List Of Abbreviations and Acronyms
° Degree
AC Advisory Circular
ACSS Aviation Communications and Surveillance Systems
ABV Above
ADS-B Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast
ADS-R Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Rebroadcast
AFM Airplane Flight Manual
AGL Above Ground Level
AIRB Basic Airborne Situation Awareness
AIRMET Airmen’s Meteorological Information
ALT Altitude
APS Aviation Products Sector
ATAS ADS-B Traffic Advisory System
ATC Air Traffic Control
ATCRBS Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System
BLW Below
BRT Brightness
CAZ Collision Airspace Zone
CDTI Cockpit Display of Traffic Information
CEL Cell
CLR Clear
CONUS Contiguous United States
CPA Closest Point of Approach
DCM Detachable Configuration Module
dens Antenna Diversity, Extended Squitter, Enhanced Surveillance,
Surveillance Identifier Code
DTIF Display Traffic Information File
DO- RTCA Document
EAR Export Administration Regulations
EGPWS Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System
EVAcq Enhanced Visual Acquisition
FAA Federal Aviation Administration
FDE Fault Detection and Exclusion
FLTA Forward Looking Terrain Avoidance
FIS-B Flight Information Service - Broadcast
fl Foot-Lambert
ft Feet
ft/min Feet Per Minute
GA General Aviation
GBT Ground Based Transceiver
GALT GPS Altitude
GND Ground
GPWS Ground Proximity Warning System
GPS Global Positioning System
GS Ground Speed
GPWS Ground Proximity Warning System
HAE Height Above Ellipsoid
HPLSBAS Horizontal Protection Level Using SBAS error estimates
HPLFD Horizontal Protection Level using a weighted FDE algorithm
hPa Hectopascals
Hz Hertz
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization
ID Identification
IDENT Identification
ITI Imminent Terrain Impact
InHg Inches of Mercury
kt/kts Knot (s)
lbs pounds

Pilot’s Guide viii

 List Of Abbreviations and Acronyms

max Maximum
METAR Aviation Routine Weather Report
MHz Mega Hertz
MOD Mode
MSG Message
MSS Multilink Surveillance System
NACp Navigation Accuracy Category for Position
NAR Non Altitude Reporting
NAS National Airspace System
NEXRAD Regional and Next-Generation Radar
NIC Navigation Integrity Category
NOTAM Notices to Airmen
NM or nmi Nautical Miles
NRM Normal
OT Other Traffic
PA Proximity Advisory
PAZ Protected Airspace Zone
PALT Pressure Altitude
PED Personal Electronic Device (e.g., tablet)
PIREP Pilot Report
P/N Part Number
R Reply
RAIM Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring
REF Reference
RTC Required Terrain Clearance
RTCA Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics, Inc.
SBAS Satellite-Based Augmentation System
SIGMET Significant Meteorological Information
SIL Source Integrity Level
SPECI Aviation Special Selected Weather
SPI Special Identification
STBY Standby
STAB Stabilization
STK Strike
SUA Special Use Airspace
SSR Secondary Surveillance Radar
TA Traffic Advisory
TAWS Terrain Awareness and Warning System
TAF Terminal Aerodrome Forecast
TAS Traffic Advisory System
TCAS Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System
TSAA Traffic Situational Awareness With Alerts (i,e, ATAS)
TFC Traffic
TIF Traffic Information File
TRK Track
TFR Temporary Flight Restrictions
TIS-B Traffic Information Service - Broadcast
TSO Technical Standard Order
UAT Universal Access Transceiver
UNR Unrestricted
VFR Visual Flight Rules
VMC Visual meteorological conditions
WAAS Wide Area Augmentation System
Wx Weather
XPDR Transponder
Pilot’s Guide ix
 Page intentionally blank

Pilot’s Guide x
Lynx ® NGT-9000 Description

DESCRIPTION
INTRODUCTION
The Lynx NGT-9000 family of products are a Mode S Level 2 dens Class 1
Transponder with an integrated GPS receiver providing Automatic Dependent
Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) output using 1090ES (Extended Squitter). The
Lynx NGT-9000 also receive ADS-B data via 1090ES and UAT (978 MHz
Universal Access Transceiver).
The panel mounted version of the Lynx NGT-9000 has a multifunction touch
screen display that allows the user to view transponder, traffic, and weather
information. The touch screen provides the means to select screen views and
interface with transponder, traffic, and weather displays. See Figure 1-1.
The remote version of the Lynx NGT-9000 provides the same functionality as
the panel mount, but is controlled using a compatible alternate display or
controller. See Figure 1-2.
In addition to ADS-B surveillance, some models of the Lynx NGT-9000 include
an Active Traffic Advisory System (TAS) or Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance
System (TCAS) as well as support for antenna diversity. Table 1-1 provides
model and part number information. The TAS/TCAS and Diversity options are
software activated features.
The installed ADS-B Out system has been shown to meet the equipment
requirements of 14 CFR 91.227.
Table 1-1: Model Option

MODEL PART NUMBER TAS/TCAS DIVERSITY REMOTE

NGT-9000 9029000-20000 No No No
NGT-9000+ 9029000-20000 Yes No No
NGT-9000D 9029000-20000 No Yes No
NGT-9000D+ 9029000-20000 Yes Yes No
NGT-9000R 9029000-40000 No No Yes
NGT-9000R+ 9029000-40000 Yes No Yes
NGT-9000RD 9029000-40000 No Yes Yes
NGT-9000RD+ 9029000-40000 Yes Yes Yes
NGT-9000RD+ 9029000-41001 Yes Yes Yes
NGT-9000RD+ 9029000-41002 Yes Yes Yes
NGT-9000RD+ 9029000-42001 Yes Yes Yes

Pilot’s Guide 1-1

Lynx ® NGT-9000 Description

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
The panel mount versions of the Lynx NGT-9000 can display and control the
following information:
• Built-in test and operational status
• Transponder functions
• Traffic and weather output interfaces
• Diversity (optional, model specific)
• ADS-B System
• Traffic display
• TAS (optional, model specific)
• ATAS (with Release 2.0 and after, optional)
• TCAS (with Release 3.0 and after, optional, model specific)
NOTE: The use of TCAS in this Pilot’s Guide refers to a TCAS II system.
• Weather displays (enable/disable)
− Graphical Weather
− Winds and Temps Aloft
− Textual Weather Reports
• TAWS, Class B (with Release 2.0 and after, optional)
• TerrainVisionTM (Panel Mount with Release 2.1 and after, optional)
NOTE: The use of TERR Advisory is this Pilot’s guide refers to
TerrainVisionTM feature.
• Lightning detection (with Release 2.1 and after, optional. Panel mount
version only)
The remote mount versions of the Lynx NGT-9000 provides the same
functionality as the panel mount, but is controlled using a CP- 2500 Control Panel
(or compatible control panel) and cannot control lightning detection or display
TAWS information (callouts and lights only). Display information is shown on an
optional compatible display or PED. See Figure 1-2.
The unit has multiple transmit/receive ARINC429, RS-422 and RS-232 data ports
used to transmit data to traffic, weather, and PED displays.
The unit provides the transponder code, reply symbol, and mode of operation
to the display.
With Release 4.0 and after, the Transponder function and ADS-B system can be
disabled via DCM settings. When the Transponder function is disabled, the
transponder screens on the Panel Mount unit are not available. When the
Transponder and ADS-B system are disabled (e.g. TCAS-only installation), the
Panel Mount unit display only provides Traffic screens for active (TCAS) traffic.
See Figure 2-5 and Figure 2-6.

Pilot’s Guide 1-2

Lynx ® NGT-9000 Description

Figure 1-1: Example of Panel Mount Lynx NGT-9000

Figure 1-2: Example of Remote Mount Lynx NGT-9000

Transponder
The transponder function of the Lynx NGT-9000 replies to Mode A, Mode C and
Mode S interrogations on 1030 MHz and transmitting responses at 1090 MHz.
The transponder function also provides the Elementary Surveillance (ELS) and
Enhanced Surveillance (EHS) capabilities to support airspace operations in
European airspace.
On a Panel Mount unit, the transponder operation is on the left application
screen.
Transponder Diversity Options
The Diversity option requires a specific model of the Lynx NGT- 9000. This
feature offers enhanced transponder operation and traffic awareness via
1090MHz using the ADS-B service. This option requires the installation of an
additional top mounted UAT (L-Band) antenna.
ADS-B System
The ADS-B system used by the Lynx NGT-9000 has the following capabilities:
• 1090 In - Receives ADS-B, ADS-R and TIS-B
• 1090ES Out - Transmit ADS-B
• UAT In - Receives ADS-B, ADS-R, TIS-B, FIS-B
The Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) improves situational
awareness and flight safety by providing real time traffic information.
Pilot’s Guide 1-3
Lynx ® NGT-9000 Description

The ADS-B In function is used to receive ground station supported TIS-B and
ADS-R traffic, and direct communication with ADS-B out equipped aircraft.

Pilot’s Guide 1-4

Lynx ® NGT-9000 Description

The ADS-B Out (1090MHz) function is used to periodically broadcast (without

interrogation) information about the aircraft that includes aircraft identification,
position, altitude, velocity and other aircraft status information.
The Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Re-broadcast (ADS-R) is a ground
based broadcast service that repeats ADS-B messages from one link (1090ES
or UAT) to the other link for aircraft with ADS-B In.
Traffic Information Service Broadcast (TIS-B) is a ground based broadcast
service that provides secondary surveillance radar (SSR) derived traffic data
(ATC transponder equipped aircraft not equipped with ADS-B Out capability) to
ADS-B In equipped aircraft.
The Flight Information Services - Broadcast (FIS-B) function provides pilots with
a cockpit display of certain aviation weather and aeronautical information for
awareness of own aircraft location with respect to reported weather, including
hazardous meteorological conditions.
A composite of UAT / 1090ES traffic (UAT, 1090ES, ADS-R, TIS-B, TAS, and
TCAS) is provided in Figure 1-3.
Traffic Display
The Lynx NGT-9000 monitors the airspace around the aircraft using ADS-B In
(and TAS or TCAS if equipped) to show other aircraft on the screen. When within
range of a participating ground station TIS-B and ADS-R traffic services are
also shown on the screen. Traffic is identified on the screen using
corresponding traffic symbols.
Traffic Advisory System (TAS)
The Traffic Advisory System (TAS) is an optional feature of the Lynx NGT-9000.
This feature provides the capability to interrogate nearby aircraft transponders
and issue Traffic Advisory (TA) alert as well as a voice audio output that
announces Traffic Advisories and relative altitude to the flight crew. This option
requires the installation of a directional antenna.
Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS)
With Release 3.0 and after, the Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System
(TCAS) is an optional feature of the Lynx NGT-9000. This feature provides the
capability to interrogate nearby aircraft transponders and issue Traffic Advisory
(TA) alert as well as a voice audio output that announces Traffic Advisories and
relative altitude to the flight crew. This option requires the installation of a
directional antenna.

Pilot’s Guide 1-5

Lynx ® NGT-9000 Description

ADS-B Traffic Advisory System (ATAS)

With Release 2.0 and after, the ATAS [also referred to as TSAA] option provides
traffic alerts using ADS-B In (ADS-B, ADS-R, and TIS-B) traffic information. The
TA alerts the flight crew aurally and visually in a manner similar to a conventional
TAS/TCAS which assists the pilot in the visual acquisition of aircraft that may
represent a danger. Traffic Alerts are graphically depicted on the Lynx NGT-9000
panel mount units or on compatible external displays. ATAS and TAS or TCAS
may operate at the same time with traffic information being correlated by the
unit. Refer to 2-36 for details on operation.
Weather Display
The weather displays are optional features setup during installation and when
active are shown on the right application screen. Weather information is obtained
from the FIS−B system which is a ground broadcast service provided through
the ADS−B Services network over the 978 MHz UAT data link. Three screens
are available and are designated as follows:
• Graphical Weather
• Winds and Temps Aloft
• Textual Weather Reports
Traffic and Weather Output Interfaces
The Lynx NGT-9000 can output traffic information via ARINC 429 and RS-422.
Weather information is output via RS-422. Weather and traffic can be output on
RS-232 via WiFi to be viewed on a personal electronic device.
Built-In Test and Operational Status
The Lynx NGT-9000 uses fault monitoring on all stages of operation from start
up to power down and provides screen messages for degraded or failed
operation. In addition, a system test is available providing operational status of
external data inputs.
Terrain Awareness and Warning System (TAWS)
With Release 2.0 and after, the Terrain Awareness and Warning System (TAWS)
is an optional function that continuously monitors the aircraft’s position, altitude,
speed, track, and phase of flight and compares the information to an internal
terrain, obstacle, and runway database. If TAWS predicts a potential Controlled
Flight Into Terrain (CFIT) situation, the system alerts the pilot visually on the Lynx
NGT-9000 display, aurally over the cockpit speakers or headset, or via cockpit
lamps (caution & warning).

Pilot’s Guide 1-6

Lynx ® NGT-9000 Description

TerrainVisionTM
With Release 2.1 and after, this optional function provides a terrain display
(“TERR Advisory”) similar to the TAWS display but without visual or audio alerts.
This function is not available for the NGT-9000R Remote Mount version.
Lightning Detection
With Release 2.1 and after, lightning Detection is an optional function provided
by the interface of a WX-500 Stormscope. This information is shown on the right
application screen of the NGT-9000 Panel Mount unit. This function is not
available for the NGT-9000R Remote Mount version.

Figure 1-3: Example of Own Aircraft UAT, 1090ES, & TAS/TCAS Traffic

Pilot’s Guide 1-7

Lynx ® NGT-9000 Description

EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION
The Lynx NGT-9000 MSS family consists of the following standard and optional
equipment. Refer to the Aircraft Flight Manual Supplement to determine what
optional equipment is installed. Chapter 4 provides a list of optional cockpit
switches and lamps.
Required Equipment
• NGT-9000/9000R unit
• GPS antenna
o With Release 4.0 and after, a GPS Antenna for the NGT-9000
installation is not required if the NGT-9000 is configured for an
external GPS source.
• L-Band (978MHz/1030/MHz/1090MHz) antenna
• Detachable Configuration Module (DCM)
Optional Equipment
• Directional antenna (required for TAS or TCAS operation)
• Additional L-Band antenna (required for diversity operation without
TAS/TCAS)
• Traffic display
• Weather display
• WiFi serial adapter and personal electronic device (PED)
• CP-2500 (or compatible) control panel (required for the remote
• Mount version)
• WX-500 Stormscope (panel mount version only)
GPS Antenna and Internal GPS Receiver
The GPS utilizes signals from the Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite
constellation and Satellite-Based Augmentation System (SBAS). The Lynx NGT-
9000 has an internal GPS function that provides position, velocity, time and
integrity (NIC, NAC etc.) information to the applications. The antenna is located
on the top of the aircraft.
With Release 4.0 and after, the Lynx NGT-9000 has the option of using external
GPSs or internal GPS to support Lynx functions.

Pilot’s Guide 1-8

Lynx ® NGT-9000 Description

L-Band Antenna
The L-Band antenna is used by the Lynx NGT-9000 to receive 1030MHz, receive
and transmit 1090MHz and receive 978MHz. It is located on the bottom of the
aircraft.
A second L-Band antenna is installed on the top of the aircraft for models with
Diversity. Installations with either TAS or TCAS and Diversity options use the
TAS/TCAS directional antenna instead of the second L-Band antenna.
Detachable Configuration Module (DCM)
The DCM is a solid-state device that retains software and hardware configuration
information. It is permanently attached to the aircraft via the wiring harness and
communicates with Lynx NGT-9000 via serial bus. Configuration options are set
up during installations and saved in the DCM.
Directional Antenna
A directional antenna is used to receive 1090MHz and transmit 1030MHz for
models with TAS or TCAS.
Alternate Displays
Screen information may look different on displays interfaced with the Lynx NGT-
9000. Refer to that displays manual for a description of how information is
depicted.
The operation and display features provided in this Pilot’s Guide are specific to
the information depicted on the Lynx NGT-9000.
Personal Electronic Device (PED)
The Lynx NGT-9000 supports the use of personal electronic devices (e.g.,
tablets) via a WiFi connection. The PED must use compatible applications that
support the ADS-B broadcast services (i.e., ADS-B In, TIS-B, ADS-R, and FIS-
B). Check with an avionics dealer or contact ACSS for a current list of compatible
applications.
WiFi Serial Adapter
The Lynx NGT-9000 can be connect to a PED via WiFi using a compatible WiFi
Serial Adapter.
CP-2500 Control Panel
The CP-2500 is a control panel offered by ACSS for operation of the remote
mount Lynx NGT-9000R. The operational information provided in this guide is
limited. Refer to the CP-2500 Pilot’s Guide (0040- 17250-01) for detailed
information.

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Description

WX-500 Stormscope
The WX-500 is a weather mapping system that detects electrical discharges
from thunderstorms within a 200 nmi radius of the aircraft. This information plots
the location of the thunderstorms and is shown on the right application screen of
the Panel Mount Lynx NGT-9000.

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Description

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Panel Mount

OPERATION - PANEL MOUNT

INTRODUCTION
This chapter describes the operation of the Panel Mount version of the Lynx NGT-
9000. Details on the optional cockpit switches and indicator lamps are provided
in Chapter 3.
PILOT ADVISORY
The display of ADS-B data only supplements and does not replace any
operational procedure. All pilots/operators are reminded that the airborne
equipment that displays traffic is only for pilot situational awareness. This
equipment is not approved as a collision avoidance tool and does NOT relieve
the pilot of responsibility to “see-and-avoid” other aircraft. Any deviation from an
air traffic control clearance based on cockpit information must be approved by the
controlling ATC facility prior to commencing the maneuver. Uncoordinated
deviations may place an aircraft in close proximity to other aircraft under ATC
control not seen on the airborne equipment and may possibly result in the
issuance of a pilot deviation.
• Occasionally the traffic display may show a “shadow” or duplicate of your
own aircraft on the traffic display. Generally, this is caused by a TIS-B track
of the aircraft reported from a ground station. In most cases, the own
aircraft TIS-B tracks are detected and filtered out by the NGT software. In
some cases, own aircraft maneuvers can cause enough separation of the
TIS-B track from own aircraft that it is treated as a new intruder and
displayed. This is not an error or malfunction in the system. As ground
stations improve, the occurrence of these shadows should be minimized
or eliminated.
• Ground stations only produce TIS-B intruders for Mode C/S equipped
aircraft that have no ADS-B output. Mode A or non- transponder equipped
aircraft are not reported as TIS-B intruders. It is the pilot’s responsibility to
“see and avoid”.
• Information shown on the display is provided to the pilot as an aid to
visually acquiring traffic. When under ATC control pilots should maneuver
their aircraft based only on ATC guidance or positive visual acquisition of
the conflicting traffic. Maneuver should be consistent with ATC
instructions. ATC should be contacted for resolution of the traffic conflict.

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Panel Mount

• The transponder signal must be transmitting during all flight and ground
operations. It may be placed in standby only if the system is inoperable or
if advised by ATC to disable ADS-B.
• Loss of input data may not cause the NGT-9000 to fail but could degrade
operation. Failure and degraded conditions will be annunciated by the
NGT-9000 to alert the pilot to the operational status. In many cases, fault
conditions will recover if erroneous data inputs are restored.
• Aircraft will be displayed when the information received meets ADS-B,
ADS-R, and TIS-B data integrity requirements.
POWER ON
1. Depending on the aircraft use either the battery switches or avionics master
switch to apply power.
2. After power is applied the unit begins initialization and self-tests begin.
3. When on ground the unit cycles through the following screen sequence:
• Splash
• System Status / Version
• Flight ID (optional)
• Normal Operation
4. When in air and power is cycled the unit transitions to normal operation within 5
seconds, bypassing the splash, version, and flight ID screens.
Splash Screen
The splash screen is displayed in less than 5 seconds after power is applied.
The company name/Logo is shown on the left side and the product name on the
right. See Figure 2-1.

Figure 2-1: Example of Splash Screen

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Panel Mount

System Status / Versions Screen

The system status is shown on the left screen and should show “System Pass”
in green text along with an audio indication of “System Test Passed”. The version
screen is located on the right side and shows the software and database version
information. See Figure 2-2.

Figure 2-2: Example of System Status / Version Screens

• If System Status is “System Fail”, then the message “Self-Test Failures
Occurred” is shown on the right side of the display and the “System Test
Failed” is heard through the aircraft audio system. The option to restart the
unit or to continue start up in a degraded mode is shown on the right side
of the display
• Tap the Restart button to restart the system.
• If the “System Fail” message continues to be seen tap the Continue button
to proceed. Refer to Chap. 5 (Troubleshooting) for corrective actions.
• If System Status is “System Degraded”, then the message “See MSG
Window” is shown on the right side of the display.
• The System Status is failed if the audio indication of the status is not heard.
• Tap Continue button to proceed. Refer to Chap. 5 (Troubleshooting) for
corrective actions.
Flight ID Screen (optional)
The Flight ID Screen is a configuration option that must be setup during
installation. Most general aviation aircraft will be operated in a manner that does
not require Flight ID. See Figure 2-3. It is shown after the System Status/Version
Screen and shows the following information:
• Use Tail # (call sign) button, located in the upper left, may be tapped to be
activated in place of a Flight ID.

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Panel Mount

• The Flight ID Number is entered using the keypad. For Release 1.x/2.x the
keypad will change to numbers after three alpha characters are entered.
For Release 3.x and after tap the “123”, “A-M” or “N-Z” button to change the
keyboard buttons as needed. When complete, tap the Done button to
proceed to normal operation.
• The Flight ID from the previous power cycle is retained if the unit went in-
air.
• The Flight ID can be changed using the Flight ID Button in the options
setting.

Release 1.x and 2.x

Release 3.x
Figure 2-3: Example of Flight ID Screen
Normal Operation
Figure 2-4 shows an example of the unit in normal operation. When the aircraft is
on ground the System Test button and ON-GND indication are shown. Functional
instructions are located in the Basic Operation section below.

Figure 2-4: Example of Normal Operation

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Panel Mount

Figure 2-5: Example of Normal Operation (TCAS Only Configuration)

Figure 2-6 Example of Normal Operation (Transponder Disabled Configuration)

With Release 4.0 and after, when the Transponder function is disabled, the Normal
Operation screen is shown in Figure 2-5 and Figure 2-6

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Panel Mount

BASIC OPERATION
The touch screen display is divided into left and right screens that show
information specific to the selected application. The user can select, input, and
adjust information on the screen using buttons, edit boxes and screen objects
using gestures (actions) such as tap, momentary press, drag, or swipe.
Screen Buttons
The buttons are used to select, input, and adjust screen information. The buttons
have the following common functionality:
• Buttons are typically gray background color with white or green text.
• The shape of a button can vary according to its location.
• The button background highlights in blue when pressed.
• A button function that is inhibited has its button label grayed out.
Table 2-1 provides examples of screen buttons, edit boxes, and other screen
objects and their functionality.
Table 2-1: Button Functions

NAME - FUNCTION EXAMPLE

Momentary Button: Use a tap action

on the momentary button to perform a
onetime function

Latch Button: Use a tap action on the

latch button to set a single function to
On or Off. Once pressed the button
retains the latched appearance Not Selected Selected
indicating that it is active.

Toggle Button: The toggle button is

used to control related functions of
which only one may be active at a time.
Performs a onetime action when
Not Selected Selected
pressed that changes the selected
indicator located at the bottom of the
button. The background is blue only
while pressed.

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Panel Mount

Table 2-1: Button Functions

NAME - FUNCTION EXAMPLE

Radio Button: The radio button is used

to control related functions of which
only one may be active. The circular
button indicator is bright green when
the button function is active and is dark Not Selected Selected
when not active.

Options Button: The gear shaped

options button is used to access
options available for the application
screen. Tap the button to open the list
of options. The gear is blue only while
pressed. Not Selected Selected

Brightness Button: Used to

increase or decrease the display
brightness level. Tap the button to
open a slide bar. The button is blue
only while pressed.
Not Selected Selected

Scroll Bar: The scroll bar is used to

navigate vertically through a list or
block of text. Use a drag or swipe
action to move the scroll bar.

Slider Bar: A slider bar is used to

increase or reduce a value. Use a drag
or swipe action to move the slider bar.

Options Tab: The Options Tab is

comprised of at least two latch buttons
and a “Done” momentary button. It is
used on the application option screens
to select between two “pages” of
information by tapping on the desired
page name on the tab.

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Panel Mount

Table 2-1: Button Functions

NAME - FUNCTION EXAMPLE

Selection List: Selection Lists are

used where there is a list of items
from which a selection can be made.
A green filled circle is shown when
an item is selected. A drag or swipe
action is used to scroll the list up or
down.
Message Window: The message
window is used when a system
message is present that requires a
user response. Two function active
buttons can be arranged in a row
below the message text.
On/Off Button: This button is used to
indicate whether a function is
enabled (green) or disabled (dark).

Application Screens
The display is divided into left and right screens with each screen having access
to a particular application. An Application indicator is located at the bottom of
each screen. The indicator shows the number of available applications for that
side of the display as well as the current application setting. Each application
can slide into view using both Drag and Swipe actions. See Figure 2-4.
Left Screen
The left screen has two application indicators. The first indicator (from left to right)
corresponds to the Transponder the second indicator corresponds to Alternate
Traffic.
The Transponder screen Displays Mode A Squawk Code, Pressure Altitude,
Flight ID or Call Sign (tail number).
The Alternate Traffic screen displays a bird’s-eye display of traffic and own-ship
compliant with the requirements of AC 20-172B and DO- 317B for the purpose
of supporting the Enhanced Visual Acquisition (EVAcq) and Basic Airborne
(AIRB) CDTI applications.

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Panel Mount

With Release 4.0 and after, when the Transponder function is disabled via DCM
setting, the Transponder Screen and Alternate Traffic Screen are not available.
Additionally, when the aircraft is on ground, the Left Screen displays only the
Function Button, the ON-GND Indication, and Pressure Altitude.

Figure 2-7 Left Screen - XPDR Disabled

Right Screen
The right screen has between one and six application indicators. The number of
indicators is dependent on the feature enablement.
The two screens that are always available are the Traffic and the FIS-B
Graphical Data Screen. After Release 4.0, on installations where only TCAS is
enabled, only the Traffic screen is available on the right screen.
The Traffic bird’s-eye display of traffic and ownship for the purpose of supporting
the Enhanced Visual Acquisition (EVAcq) and Basic Airborne (AIRB) CDTI
applications. This includes display of traffic advisories, when installed and
enabled (TAS, TCAS, or ATASOptional). The FIS-B Weather Graphic screen is a
simplified moving map display with depiction of ownship and the ability to
selectively overlay graphical FIS-B products such as METAR, TAF, NOTAMs,
AIRMET, SIGMETs, TFR and NEXRAD.
The following four screens are dependent on the feature enablement: TAWS (or
Terrain Display Only - No Alerting), Lightning, FIS-B Graphical Winds and Temps
Aloft, and FIS-B Textural Data.
The Terrain Awareness and Warning System screen displays a bird’s- eye
display of terrain, obstacles, airports, and ownship for the purpose of supporting
a Class B TAWS. With Release 2.1 and after, an option for Terrain Display only
without alerting is included.
The Lightning screen displays electrical discharges from thunderstorms within a
200 nmi radius of the aircraft. This Lightning data depicted as cells or strikes. A
“Nearby Strike Indicator (lightning bolt)” is shown over the lightning application
Dot when storm activity is detected.

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Panel Mount

The FIS-B Weather Graphic Winds & Temp Aloft screen is a simplified moving
map display with depiction of ownship and the ability to selectively overlay winds
and temps aloft at the desired flight level.
The FIS-B Weather Textual Data screen displays airport associated textual
products provided by FIS-B including METAR, TAF, NOTAMs.
The application indicators and their screens have the following order (from left
to right) when enabled: Traffic, TAWS, Lightning, FIS-B Graphic Data, FIS-B
Graphical Winds & Temps Aloft, and FIS-B Textual Data.

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Panel Mount

TRANSPONDER OPERATION
The transponder receives interrogations from surrounding aircraft and from ATC
and then transmits replies.
Ground stations can interrogate Mode S Transponders individually using a 24-
bit ICAO Mode S address, which is unique to the particular aircraft. In addition,
ground stations may interrogate the unit for its transponder data capability and
the aircraft’s Flight ID.
The transponder application is the first screen on the left side of the display as
indicated by the application indicator. See Figure 2-8 and the functional
description below for operating instructions.
Release 2.1 and after, an external Standby Mode switch and pilot option to
enable or disable the “Squawk VFR” button is available. See Chapter 4 for details
on Transponder screen and operation changes.

Figure 2-8: Transponder Application Screen

Squawk Code
When the Squawk Code text is tapped, the Squawk Code Edit Screen is shown.
See Figure 2-9. The current Squawk Code continues to be transmitted until the
last digit of the new Squawk Code is entered. The edit mode is canceled by
tapping the Squawk Code before the fourth digit is entered, or after 5 seconds
of inactivity, or if a Traffic Advisory or TAWS Alert occurs.

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Panel Mount

Current Pressure Altitude

The current pressure altitude (PALT) is located below the Squawk Code. A value
greater than 99,900 ft will set the value to 99900 with amber text. An invalid
pressure altitude is shown as amber dashes.
Flight ID / Call Sign
The Flight ID or Call Sign (tail number) is located below the PALT. During initial
installation either the tail number is setup to be shown or the Flight ID can be set
each flight using the Flight ID screen (configuration option).
Mode Control
The Mode Control toggle button has the following selections: Standby (SBY),
ON, and Altitude (ALT).
• ALT is the default mode. It puts the transponder in ATC mode C. When the
aircraft is In-Air the transponder replies to interrogations and includes the
plane’s pressure altitude in the replies .

The transponder should be in this setting when In-Air or On- Ground

unless otherwise directed by ATC .

When On-Ground, the display includes an “ON-GND” indication. While

On-Ground the transponder does not reply to Mode C/S All- Call
interrogations and outputs ADS-B at a slower surface rate.
• Selecting SBY stops all transponder transmissions. However when
transitioning from On-Ground to In-Air, if SBY is selected, the transponder
mode will automatically transition to ALT to prevent inadvertent Standby
operation in flight. To force Standby mode in flight, the pilot must reselect
SBY after departure. If a separate cockpit standby switch is available,
placing the switch to Standby will prevent the transition to ALT upon
transitioning from On-Ground to In-Air.
• Selecting ON puts the transponder in ATC mode A in which it replies to
interrogations, but does not report the plane’s altitude.
A “FAIL” message, in amber text, is shown if a transponder failure is detected.
Transponder Reply
When the transponder (XPDR) reply is active an “R” indicator is shown to the right
of the Squawk Code. The “R” is replaced with “IDENT” when the IDENT button
is tapped.

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Panel Mount

IDENT Button
Tap the IDENT button to transmit the Special Identification (SPI) pulse. An IDENT
pulse highlights the aircraft’s symbol on the ATC’s radar screen and is identified
on the screen next to the squawk code.
Squawk VFR Button
Tap the Squawk VFR toggle button to change the transponder squawk code to a
predefined (1200) VFR value. The value shown on the button is the code that is
activated when the button is tapped. A second press reverts the transponder to
the previous squawk code.
Gain access to the Squawk Code Edit Screen from the Traffic page as follows:
Tap the Options (the Gear symbol), Settings, and VFR Code button. See Figure
2-9.
With Release 2.1 and after, the Squawk button can be removed from the
transponder screen. Do this by entering the edit screen and tapping the Enabled
button. The buttons green light turns gray and is shown as “Disabled”.

Figure 2-9: Squawk Code Edit Screen

MSG Button
If a new message is available a flashing MSG button is shown on the left screen.
Tap the MSG button to view fail or degraded messages during normal operation.
Once the messages in the message window have been viewed, the MSG button
will stop flashing. When all messages have cleared, the MSG button is removed
from the screen. On the Message window tap the Done button to return to the
previously viewed screen.
Refer to the Chap. 5 (Troubleshooting) for corrective actions.
ON-GND Indicator
The ON-GND indicator provides the pilot a notification that the transponder is
operating in the on-ground mode (does not reply to all-calls).

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Panel Mount

System Test Button

The System Test button is available only when the aircraft is on the ground.
Tapping the button initiates the Test. During the System Test, the user functions
are disabled and the right screen shows a preset traffic display with the message
“Self-Test In Progress” at the top of the screen. See Figure 2-10.

Figure 2-10: Example of System Test Screen

The left screen shows the system effect of the tests results on the functional
areas of the system.
NOTES:
1. With Release 1, functions that are not part of the installation are not
shown. With Release 2.0 and after, TAS, ATAS, and TAWS are listed
with a “disabled” indication if not installed. With Release 3.0 and after,
TCAS is listed with a “disabled” indication if not installed. FIS-B is
removed from the list if it is disabled. With Release 4.0 and after, when
the Transponder function is disabled, “Transponder” and “ADS-B Out”
are listed with “disabled” indication. When the Transponder and GPS
function are disabled (i.e. TCAS-Only configuration), all fields except
TCAS are indicated “disabled”.
2. Individual test failures are recorded in the fault log. (Accessible to
service personnel only.)
The unit returns to normal operation if no failures are detected within 5 seconds.
• If a “Fail” or External Fail” is shown for any of the system functions, then the
message “Self-Test Failure” is shown on the right side of the display as
well as the option to restart the unit or to continue operation in a degraded
mode.
• Tap the “Restart” button to reset the unit and once it is operational, perform
the System Test again. If the failures continue, tap the “Continue” button
to proceed in a degraded operational mode.
• If “Degraded” is shown for any of the system functions, then the message
“Service Unit Soon” is shown on the right side of the display.
• Tap Continue screen button to proceed.
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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Panel Mount

• Correct failures before going any further with the functional check.
NOTE: It is normal to show degraded for certain functions if some aircraft
systems are still aligning, or if the GPS has not yet acquired a signal.
• On the Transponder Screen, tap the “MSG” button located on the
Transponder Application screen to view fail messages.
• Check signal availability when failures for ADS-B In, FIS-B, GPS, TAS, or
TCAS are noted.
• Refer to the Chap. 5 (Troubleshooting) for corrective actions.

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Panel Mount

TRAFFIC OPERATION
The Lynx Multi-Link Surveillance System monitors the airspace around the
aircraft using ADS-B In (and TAS/TCAS if equipped) to communicate with like
equipped aircraft with ADS-B Out and shows these other aircraft on the screen.
When within range of a participating ground station TIS-B and ADS-R traffic
services are also shown on the screen. Traffic is identified on the screen using
corresponding traffic symbols. Refer to the descriptions below and Figure 2-11
for detailed information.
Limitations
• The ADS-B, ADS-R, TIS-B, TAS, and TCAS traffic information assists the
pilot in visually acquiring traffic while airborne and is expected to improve
both safety and efficiency by providing the pilot with enhanced traffic
awareness. This functionality does not relieve the pilot of “see and avoid”
responsibilities as described in 14 CFR 91.113b.
• Traffic information shown on the Lynx NGT-9000 is dependent on other
aircraft having similar ADS-B equipment, or a Mode A/C transponder for
models with TAS/TCAS, or being in range of a ground station that provides
TIS-B and ADS-R. If another aircraft cannot meet these requirements,
then the other aircraft will not be displayed on the Lynx NGT-9000.
• The EVAcq, AIRB, and ATAS functions are unavailable when ownship
position is beyond 85 degrees North or South latitude. The result is a
display of “Traffic Unavailable” on Panel mount units and an indication of
“Standby” for remote displays. However, for NGT-9000 installations, where
TAS or TCAS is enabled, the range/ bearing based TAS/TCAS targets are
displayed.
• Some Aircraft may be equipped with an external CAWS or TAWS type
system that has higher priority audio annunciation that will delay traffic or
terrain alerts.
Traffic Advisory
The TAS, TCAS, and ATAS functions are optional features providing advisories
via aural announcements over the cockpit speakers or headset and visually via
the display or a cockpit lamp. ATAS and TAS or TCAS may operate at the same
time with traffic information being correlated by the Lynx NGT-9000. Details on
these features are shown in “Traffic Alerting” on Page 2-35.

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Panel Mount

Traffic Screen
The traffic screen has a black background. Transponder Mode can be set to
Standby (SBY), On (ON), or Altitude (ALT).
The Traffic application is available on both the left and right screen. The Traffic
information is shown if ADS-B, TAS, TCAS data is valid.
A “Traffic Failed” is displayed if both ADS-B and TAS/TCAS (optional) are failed.
“Traffic Unavailable” is displayed if ADS-B In has no heading or track available and
TAS/TCAS (if installed) is in standby. See Figure 2-11 for an example of Traffic
Screens. Refer to the Functional Description below for detailed information.
If TAS, TCAS and ATAS options are configured and the traffic screen is not being
displayed on either the left or right screen and a traffic advisory occurs, the traffic
screen automatically opens on the right screen if there is no TAWS Alert (option)
active and will open on the left screen if a TAWS alert is active.

Figure 2-11: Traffic Applications Screen

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Panel Mount

Ownship Symbol
The ownship is shown as a white triangle on the traffic display. When ownship
direction source is not valid, the ownship symbol is a white circle with a black
inset. Ownship orientation matches ownship heading when available or track
angle if heading is not available.
Traffic Symbols
The traffic symbols indicate the approximate range, relative bearing, and relative
altitude of intruder aircraft. Traffic data with directional data for intruder aircraft
are shown as arrowheads. Traffic data without directional data for intruder aircraft
are shown as diamonds.
• A solid amber circle (or with a black filled arrowhead) is a Traffic Advisory
(TA) that represents an intruder aircraft that may pose a collision threat. (A
semi-circle at the edge of the display represents an off-scale TA).
• Units with the optional TAS or TCAS feature (e.g., NGT-9000+ or NGT-
9000R+) display traffic advisory symbols and output aural TA warnings
(Release 1 “traffic, traffic” or Release 2.0 and after “Traffic” with the other
aircraft clock position) that are annunciated over the cockpit speaker or
headset.
NOTE: Optionally available extended call-outs including the relative attitude
and range (low, 5 miles). This is a configurable option selected at the time of
installation.
• Units with the optional ATAS feature (Release 2.0 and after) display traffic
advisory symbols and output aural TA warnings (“Traffic” along with the
other aircraft clock position) that are annunciated over the cockpit speaker
or headset.
NOTE: Optionally available extended call-outs including the relative attitude
and range (low, 5 miles). This is a configurable option selected at the time of
installation.
• A solid diamond or arrowhead is a Proximity Advisory (PA) that represents
traffic that is close but does not pose an immediate collision threat.
• A hollow diamond or arrowhead indicates Other Traffic (OT) that
represents traffic that does not pose an immediate threat.
• Directional intruders are oriented such that symbols point in the direction
of their reported heading or track, relative to own aircraft direction.

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Panel Mount

• A velocity vector arrow may be appended to the right side of a traffic

symbol to indicate that the intruder aircraft is ascending (up arrow) or
descending (down arrow) faster than 500 fpm. No arrow is shown for
intruder aircraft in level flight, or for those moving vertically slower than
±500 fpm, or for non-altitude-reporting intruder aircraft.
• A two-digit number may be appended to traffic symbols to indicate, in
hundreds of feet, the relative altitude of the intruder. For example, +03
means the intruder aircraft is 300 ft above ownship. A positive data tag is
displayed above the traffic symbol to emphasize that the intruder aircraft
is above your aircraft. A negative data tag is displayed below the traffic
symbol. If the intruder is at the same altitude as the aircraft, “00” is
displayed below the traffic symbol. The data tag for a vertically out of range
TA displays the relative altitude of the intruder regardless of the current
vertical display mode. Only display data tags for altitude reporting aircraft
are shown. Non-altitude reporting aircraft are considered to be at the same
altitude as ownship.
• Tapping a traffic symbol generates a circle around it indicating that the
traffic symbol is selected. In addition, the following is displayed: Selected
Traffic Info Button, Selected Traffic ID, and if enabled the Selected Traffic
Ground Speed (GS). Tap the traffic symbol again to remove the circle and
data. Once an aircraft is selected, more data (if available) can be seen by
tapping the “i “ button.
• When TAS/TCAS functionality is enabled and in installations with no
heading source, the TAS/TCAS traffic (referenced to the heading/ nose of
the aircraft) and ADS-B traffic (referenced to track) are displayed
simultaneously. The ADS-B targets will therefore appear skewed by the
crab angle of the aircraft.
• When TAS/TCAS functionality is enabled and in installations with no
heading source, low speed operations (< 7 knots) will result in a removal
of the ADS-B tracks because ownship track cannot be adequately
determined. TAS/TCAS Only text will appear on the display if TAS/TCAS
is enabled. This can happen in both rotorcraft hover operations and when
fixed wing/rotorcraft aircraft are on- ground.
See Table 2-2 for a list and description of traffic symbols used by the panel
mount unit.

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Panel Mount

Table 2-2: Traffic Symbols

SYMBOL DESCRIPTION - EXAMPLE
Airborne Directional Traffic Advisory (TA) (TAS, TCAS, or
ATAS option only)

Airborne Directional Proximity Advisory (PA) *

Airborne Directional Other Traffic (OT) *

(Panel mount only)

Airborne Non-directional (TA) (TAS, TCAS, or ATAS

option only)

Airborne Non-directional (PA) *

Airborne Non-directional (OT) *

On Ground Directional (OT)

Ground Vehicle Directional

On Ground Non-directional (OT)

Ground Vehicle Non-directional

Airborne Directional TA Traffic symbol with a data tag

indicating a relative altitude of 100ft below with a
horizontal velocity vector. (Panel mount only)

Airborne Directional Other Traffic symbol with a data tag

indicating a relative altitude of 800ft below own aircraft
descending with a horizontal velocity vector. (Panel
mount only)

* To promote cockpit commonality, installation configuration options are available

to set the airborne PA & OT traffic color to either cyan or white.
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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Panel Mount

Traffic Display Priority

When multiple intruders are displayed, some overlapping of symbols and/or data
may occur. In these instances, the intruder with the greatest threat partially or
completely overlaps the intruders that pose lower threats. Threat levels are
calculated based on the intruders’ proximity, heading, altitude, and speed.
Traffic is displayed on the screen using the following priority scheme:
1. TAS/TCAS Traffic Advisories
2. ATAS Traffic Alerts
3. Selected Traffic
4. Proximate Advisories
5. Other Traffic
Traffic Altitude Mode
The available Traffic Altitude Modes are shown on a Toggle button with green
text. The altitude ranges are in relation to the ownship. A description of each
mode is detailed below:
• Normal (NRM): Traffic is displayed from altitudes of between -2,700 and
+2,700 ft. This mode is typically used during the enroute phase of flight to
reduce screen clutter.
• Above (ABV): Traffic is displayed from altitudes of between +9,000 and -
2,700 ft. This mode is typically used during takeoff.
• Below (BLW): Traffic is displayed from altitudes of between +2,700 and -
9,000 ft. This mode is typically used during approach and landing.
• Unrestricted (UNR): Traffic is displayed from altitudes of between +9,900
and -9,900 ft. This mode is typically used during the enroute phase of flight
to show all aircraft within the entire detection area.
The Altitude Mode button is available only when the status of the aircraft is In-
Air. When the aircraft status is On-Ground the altitude mode button is replaced
with the TFC button. With Release 4.0 and after, the Altitude Mode button is
displayed both In-Air and On-ground on TCAS-only installation.
See Figure 2-11 for a graphic representation of the Traffic Display Modes and
Traffic Zones.

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Panel Mount

Zoom Buttons
Zoom In (+) and Zoom Out (-) buttons are located on the bottom of each traffic
screens. The buttons are used to change the traffic display range.
Range Rings
The range rings are oriented around the ownship. A range indicator is located
outside the upper left corner of the outer most ring. Bearing indicators are shown
on the 2 nm range ring. The range ring setting is controlled by the zoom buttons.
The Traffic screen has the following display range with additional inner rings as
noted:
• Range 40 has 40 nm and 24 nm range rings.
• Range 24 has 24 nm and 12 nm range rings.
• Range 12 has 12 nm and 6 nm range rings.
• Range 6 has 6 nm and 2 nm range rings.
• Range 2 has only the 2 nm range ring.
• Range 1 has only the 1 nm range ring.
• Range 0.5 has only the 0.5 nm range ring.
TFC Button
The Traffic (TFC) button replaces the Traffic Altitude Mode button when the
status of the aircraft is On-Ground. The button also activates TAS/TCAS
(optional) when the aircraft is On-Ground. A description of each mode is detailed
below:
• Ground (GND): The display shows ADS-B ground traffic only and places
TAS/TCAS (if installed) in Standby. TAS or TCAS Standby indication is
located on the Traffic Mode Indicator. This is the default mode when the
aircraft goes on ground.
• Air (AIR): The display shows air traffic only and activates TAS/ TCAS (if
installed).
• All (ALL): The display shows air and ground traffic and activates
• TAS/TCAS (if installed).

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Panel Mount

NOTES:
1. When no heading source is available and when going through low
speed operations (< 7 knots), ADS-B tracks are removed because
ownship track cannot be adequately determined. If TAS/TCAS is not
active, a “Traffic Unavailable” message is displayed.
2. When the Transponder-GPS option is disabled (e.g. TCAS –only
configuration), the NGT-9000 only displays TAS/TCAS traffic. The
TFC Button is not available in this configuration.
Transponder Banner
When the traffic application is displayed on the left screen, the transponder
banner is displayed at the top of the left screen with the following information:
• Quick return button is labeled “XPDR” and is used to return to the
Transponder Application screen
• Mode A squawk code
• Reply “R” or Ident “ID” indicator shown to the right of the squawk code
when either function is active.
• Current transponder operating mode status indicator with green text. An
amber “XPDR Failed” is shown when the transponder function has failed.
Traffic Mode Indicator
The Traffic Mode Indicator is available only when a Lynx NGT-9000 with
TAS/TCAS is installed. Otherwise, the “ADS Only” is assumed to be operating
for non-TAS or non-TCAS installs.
The indicator is located above the Zoom in (+) button. The possible modes of
operation are detailed below:
• TAS STBY: This mode is shown if the TAS is in standby.
• TAS Only: This mode is shown if the TAS is operating and ADS-B traffic is
not available.
• TCAS STBY: This mode is shown if the TCAS is in standby.
• TCAS Only: This mode is shown if the TCAS is operating and ADS-B traffic
is not available.
• ADS Only: This mode is shown if TAS/TCAS has failed (or not available)
and ADS is operating.

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Panel Mount

NOTE: With Release 4.0 and after, TCAS Only is shown whenever TCAS is
operating on TCAS-only installations.
A “Traffic Failed” message is shown with amber text when all available traffic
functions have failed. This results in all the traffic symbols being removed from
the traffic screen.
A “Traffic Unavailable” is shown with white text when insufficient information is
available to display traffic. This results in all the traffic symbols being removed
from the traffic screen.
MSG Button
The MSG Button seen on the Traffic Screen has the same functionality as the one
shown on the Transponder screen. See Page 2-13 for details.
Traffic Options Button
The gear shaped Options Button is located in the upper right corner of the right
application screen. Tap the button to open the options screen.
Traffic Options Screen
Two latch buttons and a done button are located on the bottom. The Status
button opens a screen showing GPS satellite information. The Settings button
opens a screen allowing the setting of Initial Traffic Altitude Mode, VFR Squawk
Code, Display Brightness Trim, and Flight ID (if configured). Tap the Done button
to close the Options Screen.
With Release 4.0 and after, only the Initial Traffic Altitude Mode and Display
Brightness Trim setting are available when the Transponder function is disabled.
See Figure 2-15.
Options - Status
See Figure 2-12. The status screen provides the following GPS information:
• 24 Bit ICAO ID (Mode S Identifier): This value is displayed in octal format.
• NACp (Navigation Accuracy Category for Position): This value is
determined using HFOM data.
• NIC (Navigation Integrity Category): this value is determined using HPL
data.
• GNSS Mode (GPS), possible indications are:
− For Internal GPS:
• “No Pos” - unknown or DR [Insufficient Satellites to compute
a position]

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Panel Mount

• “2D” - 2D Nav, no integrity [Sufficient satellites to compute a

lateral position, but not to compute either HPLSBAS or
HPLFD]
• “3D” - 3D Nav, no integrity [Sufficient satellites to compute a
lateral and vertical position, but not to compute either
HPLSBAS or HPLFD]
• “FDE” - RAIM/Alt (aided integrity) [HPLFD computed using
barometric altitude aiding is valid]
• “WAAS” - RAIM [HPLSBAAS is valid or HPLFD computed
without using barometric altitude aiding is valid]
• “Error” - SVERROR (trying to exclude) [Fault detection
detects a position failure which cannot be excluded within the
time-to- alert when integrity is being provided by FDE]
− For external GPS, the GNSS Mode (GPS) is indicated based on GNSS
Mode and Horizontal Integrity Limit (HIL) provided by the external GPSs.
• “3D” – GNSS Mode is Navigation with unknown Horizontal
Integrity Limit (HIL)
• “FDE” – GNSS Mode is Navigation with normal HIL
• “WAAS” – GNSS Mode is Wide Area Augmentation System
(SBAS or GBAS) with normal HIL
• “No Pos” – GNSS Mode is indicating no position data.
• “Error” – GNSS Mode is indicating Satellite Failure

Figure 2-12: Traffic Options Screen – Status (Internal GPS)

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Panel Mount

Figure 2-13 Traffic Options Screen - Status (External GPS)

• SIL: This value is always 3.
• Displayed GPS Satellite information is shown as horizontal bars in
increasing numerical order. The bars are green-filled for greater signal
strength and gray-filled when no signal is detected. The bars are displayed
for Internal GPS only.
• Latitude and Longitude data: Shows the GPS computed own aircraft
latitude/longitude in degrees, minutes, and seconds.
• With Release 2.0 and before, GPS Altitude (GALT): Shows the GPS
computed own aircraft altitude (Height Above Ellipsoid (HAE) in feet.
• With Release 2.1 and after, GPS Altitude (GSL): Shows the GPS computed
own aircraft altitude (Height Above Geoid). -Approximate MSL- Not to be
used for navigation)
• HFOM (Horizontal Figure of Merit): An indication of the quality of the GPS
position for horizontal position data.
• VFOM (Vertical Figure of Merit): An indication of the quality of the GPS
position for vertical position data.
If no valid data is available for the GPS data a white dash is inserted.
Options - Settings
The Settings screen provides the following information and functionality: See
Figure 2-14. When the Transponder function is disabled, the VFR Code and FLT
ID buttons are not available.
• Radio buttons to set the traffic altitude mode (Normal, Above, and
Unrestricted). This selects the default altitude mode used when the aircraft
goes in-air. This is also used as the altitude mode when on the ground and
the “TFC” button has selected “AIR” or “ALL”.

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Panel Mount

• Display Brightness Trim button “BRT” is used to open a slide bar to adjust
the screen brightness up or down from the automatic brightness control
setting. This is trim adjustment not a 0 to 100% control.
• The VFR Code button is a means to update the default VFR code to use
when the “Squawk VFR” button is pressed on the transponder application
screen. Tap the button to go to a VFR Code edit screen to set a new VFR
code. This should typically be set to 1200 for use in the USA. With Release
2.1 and after, an option to disable the VFR button is available. See Page
2-13 for details.
• A Flight ID toggle button is shown if configured. The ID edit screen can be
used to update the FLT ID or revert to the tail number

Figure 2-14: Traffic Options Screen – Settings

Figure 2-15 Traffic Option Screen – Settings (Transponder disabled)

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Panel Mount

Acknowledge Button
The Acknowledge Button is located on the right side of traffic screen and appears
as a speaker icon. It is only available if extended callout option was setup during
installation. The acknowledge button is available when the optional TAS, TCAS,
or ATAS function is configured and after a traffic advisory is detected.
Tap the button to silence the aural part of the current traffic alert. The button is
then removed from the screen until another alert occurs.
NOTE: Some aircraft may be equipped with a yoke or panel mounted acknowledge
button that performs the same function.
Selected Traffic Info Button (i)
The selected traffic info button appears on the left side of both the left and right
screen after a traffic symbol is pressed. When the button is tapped a traffic
information window is located over the top of the traffic screen. See Figure 2-16.
TIS-B No Coverage Indicator
When configured to be enabled (required in the U.S.), the indicator is located
next to the Zoom Out button and is shown when TIS-B / ADS-R data is not
available in the area (i.e. out of range of an ADS-B ground station).
• The indicator is also shown if a problem exists with the NGT-9000 System.
See the troubleshooting section.
• The indicator will not be shown when TAS/TCAS (if installed) is
operational (i.e. installed, not failed, not in standby).
Traffic Information Window
The window is shown over the traffic screen and provides the following data and
functionality:
• Flight ID of the selected aircraft.
• Emitter Category or “type” of aircraft.
• An aircraft Icon is located on the right side of the window showing a
representation of the aircraft being tracked. If there is no aircraft icon
available then:
− Release 2.0 or earlier: A “?” is shown.
− Release 2.1 and after: A text indication of the source of the traffic is
shown (TIS-B, TAS, ADS-R, or ADS-B and TCAS for Release 3.0 and
after).
• Calculated ground speed of the selected aircraft.

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Panel Mount

• A Display GS Latch button is used to activate the selected Traffic GS on

the traffic screen.
• Tap the Done button to close the window. The window is also removed
from the screen if a Traffic Advisory or TAWS Alert is detected.
• See Figure 2-16 for an example of the Traffic Information Window.

Figure 2-16: Example of Traffic Information Window

Selected Traffic ID
The Selected Traffic ID is located along the right side of the traffic screens after
a traffic symbol is pressed. The Traffic ID is removed when the selected traffic
symbol is tapped, a Traffic Advisory (TA) occurs, or if the selected traffic is no
longer being tracked. The Traffic ID is restored to the screen if the Traffic
Advisory is no longer present and if no other user action (i.e., selecting a different
traffic symbol, tapping a button, or changing the zoom range) has occurred since
the Traffic Advisory occurred. See Figure 2-11.
Selected Traffic GS
The Selected Traffic GS (if configured) is located along the right side of both
screens (under the selected traffic ID) after a traffic symbol is pressed. The
Traffic GS is removed when the selected traffic symbol is tapped, a Traffic
Advisory (TA) occurs, or if the selected traffic is no longer being tracked. The
Traffic GS is restored to the screen if the Traffic Advisory is no longer present
and if no other user action (i.e., selecting a different traffic symbol, tapping a
button, or changing the zoom range) has occurred since the Traffic Advisory
occurred. See Figure 2-11.
True Track (TRK)
This indication is located on the lower right side of the traffic screen when a
heading source is configured as an input, but the heading source is not
operational.

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Panel Mount

AURAL ANNOUNCEMENTS
Aural Traffic Advisories are provided by the optional TAS, TCAS, or ATAS
function.
“Traffic, Traffic” (or “Traffic”& aircraft clock position Release 2.0 and after) is a
normal aural component of a traffic advisory is announced once over the cockpit
speakers or headset when a TA is first detected. This aural announcement can
be silenced using the audio acknowledge buttons. It may also be delayed if a
higher priority alert is occurring at the time of the alert.
Do not rely solely on the aural alerts for intruder aircraft information. Use
the display to view the latest TA and aircraft information.
Units with the TAS/TCAS feature aural announcements are only made when the
TA first occurs and may be silenced by the audio acknowledge button.
Units with the ATAS feature have 2 alert level or “zones”. The Protected Airspace
Zone (PAZ) and the Collision Airspace Zone (CAZ). Alerts may be generated for
both of these alert zones so one TA aircraft may generate 2 alerts for ATAS.
Extended Audio Callouts
The Extended Audio Callouts is a configuration option that adds relative bearing,
relative altitude (when available) and range to the intruder information
announced as well as the normal alert (or relative altitude, range, and vertical
sense for Release 2.0 and after) It is available to the TAS, TCAS, and ATAS
functions.
• The relative bearing provides a clock bearing (e.g. “12 O’clock).
• The relative altitude (if available) announces either “High” if > 50 ft or “Low”
if < -50 ft or “Same Altitude” if > -50 ft and < 50 ft of own altitude).
• The range in nautical miles is either slant range if TA is Altitude Reporting
or flat range if TA is not Altitude Reporting (NAR).
• Release 2.0 and after: The Vertical Sense (if available) announces either:
− “Climbing” if vertical climb rate is >= 500 fpm
− “Descending” if vertical descent rate is >= 500 fpm
− “Level” if vertical rate is < 500 fpm

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Panel Mount

Some examples of extended audio alerts are:

• Release 1: “Traffic, Traffic, 10 O’clock high, 5 miles” This aural
announcement is for an intruder at a relative bearing of 300 degrees, at a
higher altitude, 5 miles away.
• Release 2.0 and after: “Traffic, 6 O’clock same altitude, less than a
mile, level” This aural announcement is for an intruder at a relative
bearing of 180 degrees, at the same altitude, less than a mile away, flying
level.
AUDIO MUTING
Audio may be silenced in the following ways:
• Some Aircraft may be equipped with an external CAWS or TAWS (i.e., stall
warning > Terrain Alert > Traffic Avoidance) type system that has higher
priority audio annunciation that will delay traffic or terrain alerts.
• (Release 2.0 and after) Press the external mounted Audio Acknowledge
Button (located on the yoke or panel) to silence the current aural
announcement.
• (Release 2.0 and after) Tap the Acknowledge Button on the Lynx NGT-
9000 traffic display to silence the current aural announcement.
• (Release 2.1 and after) Configuration Options “TAS Ground Filtering”: (1-
standard) aural traffic alerts from TAS functions are suppressed when the
ownship is at or below 1700 ft AGL and the intruder is below 380ft AGL
(above ground level). (2-alternate) Aural Traffic Alerts suppressed when
the ownship is at or below 1700 ft AGL and the intruder is below 5ft AGL
(instead of 380 ft AGL). For Release 3.0 this configuration also applies for
TCAS.
• No traffic alerts are generated for aircraft that are on-ground even though
ground-based symbols are displayed by ADS-B.

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Panel Mount

DETAILS ON TRAFFIC OPERATION

Operational details for ADS-B, ATAS, ADS-R, and TIS-B are provided below. This
information is being provided to help in the understanding of the Lynx NGT-9000
ADS-B traffic system.
Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B)
ADS-B improves situational awareness and flight safety by providing real time
traffic information. The ADS-B In function is used to receive ground station
supported TIS-B and ADS-R traffic, and direct communication with nearby like
equipped aircraft (with Mode S or UAT). The ADS-B Out (1090ES) function is
used to periodically broadcast (without interrogation) information about the
aircraft that includes aircraft identification, position, altitude, velocity and other
aircraft status information.
• ADS-B does NOT relieve the pilot of responsibility to “see-and- avoid”
other aircraft.
• No avoidance maneuvers are provided for, nor authorized, as a direct
result of an ADS-B other aircraft being displayed in the cockpit. Avoidance
maneuvers must be based on visually acquiring the target
• The traffic display shows the relative position of ADS-B or standard traffic
using text, shapes, and colors. ADS-B also provides similar information on
ADS-B equipped ground vehicles.
• The effective surveillance range is 60 nmi (ADS-B In) The passive- mode
surveillance range is 160 nmi and maintains report messages for a
minimum of 200 1090ES ADS-B participants and 300 UAT ADS-B
participants simultaneously. To reduce display clutter a set number of other
aircraft of the highest priority other aircraft are displayed at a time.

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Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Re-broadcast (ADS-R)

ADS-R is a ground based broadcast service that repeats ADS-B messages from
one link (1090 MHz or 978 MHz) to the other link for aircraft with ADS-B In.
• ADS-R does NOT relieve the pilot of responsibility to “see-and- avoid”
other aircraft.
• No avoidance maneuvers are provided for, nor authorized, as a direct
result of an ADS-R other aircraft being displayed in the cockpit. Avoidance
maneuvers must be based on visually acquiring the target.
• The actual availability of services depends upon both the availability of a
ground station to support ADS-R source data and aircraft being within range
of the ground station.
• ADS-R transmissions are updated at least every 2 seconds on the surface,
5 seconds in the terminal area, and 10 seconds in the enroute airspace.
• Other aircraft are provided by the ground station if within a 15 nm
horizontal range and +/-5,000 ft of altitude of the receiving aircraft. ADS-B
equipped ground aircraft and vehicles are not displayed to airborne
aircraft.
• An aircraft on the ground receiving ADS-R is provided both ground aircraft
and vehicles as well as airborne other aircraft within 5nm and 2,000 ft
above ground level of the airport reference point.
• Receiving aircraft must be in both ATC radar coverage and ground based
transceiver (GBT) coverage in a given area to receive ADS-R service in
that area. ADS-R range is larger than the TIS-B range of 24,000 ft above
station.

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Traffic Information Service - Broadcast (TIS-B)

TIS-B is the broadcast from Ground Radio Stations of ATC derived traffic
information to ADS-B equipped aircraft.
• The actual availability of TIS-B source data depends upon the
availability of ground-based radar.
• Receiving aircraft must be in both ATC radar coverage and ground based
transceiver (GBT) coverage in a given area to receive TIS-B service in
that area. When ownship is above 24,000 ft, the ground station will no
longer provide TIS-B service. (Targets will be provided up to 27,500 ft when
ownship is at 24,000 ft)
• Other aircraft are provided by the ground station if within a 15nm horizontal
range and +/-3,500 ft of altitude of the receiving aircraft. ADS-B equipped
ground aircraft and vehicles are not displayed to airborne aircraft.
• Aircraft not equipped with a transponder, or equipped with a Mode A only
transponder are not part of the TIS-B data and will not be seen on the
traffic display.
• The ground station will not provide display information for Mode C and
Mode S transponder equipped aircraft that do not provide altitude
information.
• An aircraft on the ground receiving TIS-B is provided both ground aircraft
and vehicles as well as airborne other aircraft within 5nm and 2,000 ft
above ground level of the airport reference point.
• The TIS-B service is intended to improve the pilot’s ability to visually see
traffic in the air and on the airport surface so that pilots can more effectively
apply traditional “see-and-avoid” techniques.
• TIS-B does NOT relieve the pilot of responsibility to “see-and- avoid” other
aircraft.
• No avoidance maneuvers are provided for, nor authorized, as a direct
result of a TIS-B other aircraft being displayed in the cockpit. Avoidance
maneuvers must be based on visually acquiring the target.

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TRAFFIC ALERTING
The Lynx NGT-9000 has three traffic alerting methods available.
• The Traffic Advisory System (TAS) and Traffic Alert and Collision
Avoidance System (TCAS) options require a specific model of the Lynx
NGT-9000. TAS/TCAS is an active traffic system that interrogates nearby
aircraft transponders. The TCAS option is available for Release 3.0 and
after.
• The ADS-B Traffic Advisory System (ATAS) option provides traffic alerts
using ADS-B In (ADS-B, ADS-R, and TIS-B) traffic information. This
feature is available for Release 2.0 and after.
Each system alerts the flight crew aurally and visually which assists the pilot in the
visual acquisition of aircraft that may represent a danger. ATAS and TAS/TCAS
may operate (if installed) at the same time with traffic information being
correlated by the unit. ATAS alerting has the highest priority if using ADS-B or
ADS-R, but TAS/TCAS has priority if ATAS is using TIS-B.
Each of the traffic alerting systems share the following operational details:
• Traffic information is graphically displayed on the NGT-9000+ or alternate
display.
• The system display shows the relative position of traffic using text, shapes
and colors.
• The system uses an audio output that announces Traffic Advisory and
relative bearing, relative altitude and range.
• Alerts are generated first from ADS-B data, then by TAS/TCAS data (if
aircraft is equipped with the NGT-9000+), and lastly by TIS-B data (if
available). ATAS alerting is superimposed over TAS/TCAS alerting
providing suppression of nuisance TAS/TCAS alerts. If other aircraft are
being tracked only by TAS/TCAS, then TAS/TCAS alerting is used.
• An optional discrete output (traffic alert lamp) may be used to indicate a
traffic advisory (TA) has been detected.
• All other aircraft that may be displayed that do not meet the criteria of a TA
or PA are classified as Other Traffic (OT).

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• For Software earlier then 3.0 Sensitivity Level A is an area within 10 nm of

an airport which is also identified as the Airport environment or terminal
area. The Lynx NGT-9000 defines an airport environment as an airport
with a runway with at least 500 ft of hard surface. Any airport without those
specifications (e.g. runway with grass or <500ft long) will not be shown on
the traffic screen, but will be categorized as a sensitivity level A.
• For Software 3.0 and after Sensitivity Level A uses ownship AGL altitude
when ownship is < 2,000 AGL or < 120 knots, rather than airport elevation.
• Sensitivity Level B is the area outside the airport environment which is
also identified as the enroute area.
ADS-B Traffic Advisory System (ATAS)
The ADS-B Traffic Advisory System (ATAS) aurally and visually alerts the flight
crew to nearby aircraft and assists in the visual acquisition of aircraft that may
present a danger. See Figure 2-17.
ATAS is a dynamic system that uses two protected zones of airspace (i.e. CAZ,
PAZ) around ownship to generate alerts. The Collision Airspace Zone (CAZ) has
a constant detection zone. The Protected Airspace Zone (PAZ) predicts the path
of intruder aircraft and alerts the flight crew that the intruder aircraft will enter the
path of the ownship. See Figure 2-18 for an example.
• The dimensions of CAZ is fixed at 500 ft. horizontal radius and +/- 200
ft. relative altitude.
• The dimension of PAZ is dependent on closure rate. The PAZ dimension
decreases as closure rate decreases with a minimum 750 ft. horizontal
radius and +/- 300 ft. (Sensitivity A) or +/- 500 ft. (Sensitivity B) relative
altitude.
• The tracking of aircraft traffic is in a cylindrical volume centered on own
aircraft with a maximum radius of 20 nmi and extending 10,000 ft. above
and 10,000 ft. below ownship.
• ATAS will track up to 60 intruder aircraft simultaneously.
• A Traffic Advisory (TA), Proximate Advisory (PA), and Other Traffic (OT) are
issued only when the ownship aircraft status is in air.
• Aircraft that are within a range of 6 nmi of ownship with a vertical distance
of +/- 1200 ft (if altitude is reporting) are identified as a Proximate Advisory
(PA).

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The following information provides details for issuing traffic alerts. See Figure
2-18.
• A TA is issued when an intruder aircraft comes within the CAZ area of the
ownship.
• A TA is issued at least 35 seconds prior to Closest Point of Approach (CPA)
when no acceleration in intruder and ownship.
• A TA is issued at least 12.5 seconds prior to the CPA with intruder aircraft
when intruder aircraft are within Sensitivity Levels A and B of the ownship.
• A TA symbol remains on the screen for at least 8 seconds unless the
respective track is terminated.
ATAS Sensitivity Levels
The A or B sensitivity level is used to determine when to display a TA within
Protected Airspace Zone (PAZ). Having two sensitivity levels allows the unit to
reduce the number of nuisance TAs during takeoff and landing (Sensitivity Level
A), and to maximize the detection of TAs during the cruise phase of flight
(Sensitivity Level B).
Sensitivity Level A
Sensitivity level A (terminal area) uses the following criteria for displaying a TA:
1. Ownship has a valid altitude < 2,000 ft. Above Ground Level (AGL) or an invalid
ownship altitude with a valid ground speed of < 120 kts.
2. Alerts at least 12.5 seconds prior to Closest Point of Approach (CPA) within 750
ft. horizontally and +/- 300 ft. vertically.
3. No alerts are issued if the intruder aircraft CPA is >0.5 nm horizontally or 500 ft.
vertically.
Sensitivity Level B
Sensitivity level B (enroute area) uses the following criteria for displaying a TA:
1. Ownship has a valid altitude > 2,000 ft. Above Ground Level (AGL).
2. Alerts at least 12.5 seconds prior to Closest Point of Approach (CPA) within 750
ft. horizontally and +/- 500 ft. vertically.
3. No alerts are issued if the intruder aircraft CPA is >2.0 nm horizontally or 850 ft.
vertically.

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Figure 2-17: ATAS Traffic Display and Traffic Zone Graphic

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Figure 2-18: Example of ATAS Predicted Intruder Path

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Traffic Advisory System (TAS) and Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance
System (TCAS)
TAS and TCAS is an active system that interrogates transponders (aircraft to
aircraft) in the surrounding airspace similar to ground based radar. When replies
to these active interrogations are received, the responding aircraft’s range,
altitude, and closure rates are computed to plot traffic location and predict
collision threats. The NGT-9000+ or NGT-9000R+ alerts the flight crew to nearby
transponder equipped aircraft and assists the pilot in the visual acquisition of
aircraft that may represent a danger. Table 2-3 summarizes the criteria
necessary to display a traffic advisory. Figure 2-19 shows the TAS/TCAS Traffic
Zone Graphic.
• The effective active-mode surveillance range is 35 nmi and track 35
ATCRBS intruders simultaneously with the other aircraft bearing relative
to the nose of own aircraft.
• The tracking of other aircraft is in a cylindrical volume centered on own
aircraft with a maximum radius of 35 nmi and extending 10,000 ft above
and 10,000 ft below own aircraft.
• A TA symbol remains on the screen for at least 8 seconds, even if the
intruder aircraft no longer meets the TA criteria, as long as the Lynx NGT-
9000 continues to track the aircraft.
TAS/TCAS Sensitivity Levels
The A or B sensitivity level is used to determine when to display a TA. Having
two sensitivity levels allows the unit to reduce the number of nuisance TAs during
takeoff and landing (Sensitivity Level A), and to maximize the detection of TAs
during the cruise phase of flight (Sensitivity Level B).

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Sensitivity Level A
Sensitivity level A (terminal area) consists of two criteria for displaying a TA:
1. The intruder aircraft enters into an area of airspace surrounding ownship defined
by a 0.2 nmi horizontal radius and a height of ±600 ft from ownship
2. The intruder aircraft approaches ownship on a course that will intercept ownship
within 15 or 20 seconds (within 15 seconds for a non-altitude reporting intruder
aircraft; within 20 seconds for an altitude reporting intruder aircraft).
The unit uses sensitivity level A in the following situations (corresponds to
numbers 1, 2, 7, and 8 in Table 2-3:
1. For Software earlier then 3.0 Sensitivity Ownship has a valid AGL (above ground
level) altitude and is below 2,000 ft AGL.
NOTE: The unit calculates height above terrain using GPS Altitude and nearest
airport elevation. With Release 4.0 and after, if a Radio Altimeter is configured, the
unit uses the Radio Altitude to determine height above terrain. If Radio Altitude is
invalid, GPS Altitude and nearest airport elevation are used.

For Software 3.0 and after Sensitivity Level A uses ownship AGL altitude when
ownship is < 2,000 AGL or < 120 knots, rather than airport elevation.
2. Ownship AGL Altitude is Invalid, and ownship ground speed is available or is less
than 120 knots.
Sensitivity Level B
Sensitivity level B (enroute area) consists of two criteria for displaying a TA:
1. The intruder aircraft enters into an area of airspace surrounding ownship defined
by a 0.55 nmi horizontal radius and a height of ±800 ft from ownship.
2. The intruder aircraft approaches ownship on a course that intercepts ownship
within 20 or 30 seconds (within 20 seconds for a non-altitude reporting intruder
aircraft; within 30 seconds for an altitude reporting intruder aircraft).
The unit uses sensitivity level B when the criteria for Sensitivity Level A has not
been met. (Corresponds to numbers 3, 4, 5 and 6 in Table 2-3).

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Table 2-3: TAS /TCAS Traffic Advisory Situations

OWN SHIP OTHER AIRCRAFT IS
NO. OWN SHIP ALT GND SPEED DETECTED
1 Within a 0.2 nmi horizontal
radius and a +/- 600 ft relative
Below 2000 ft AGL altitude.
2 Within 15-20 sec of CPA *

3 Within a 0.55 nmi horizontal

radius and a +/- 800 ft relative
Above 2000 ft AGL altitude.
4 Within 20-30 sec of CPA *

5 Available and Within a 0.55 nmi horizontal

> to 120 knots radius and a +/- 800 ft relative
altitude.
6 Has in- valid AGL Within 20-30 sec of CPA *
7 Altitude Available and Within a 0.2 nmi horizontal
< 120 knots radius and a +/- 600 ft relative
altitude.
8 Within 15-20 sec of CPA *

Sensitivity Level A Sensitivity Level B

* CPA means Closest Point of Approach

** Ground speed is not available whenever the GPS navigation information is
not available.

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Figure 2-19: Traffic Display Mode and TAS/TCAS Traffic Zone Graphic

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Other Aircraft Ground Filtering

If the ownship is at or below 1700 ft AGL, the traffic Advisory system (TAS) or
TCAS will not display or calculate alerts for other aircraft which are determined to
be on ground (not airborne). Intruders determined to be below 380 ft AGL are
considered to be on ground and will not be output with the TAS/TCAS active
traffic output.
(Release 2.1 and after) Configuration Option “Ground Filtering Altitude”: The on
ground (alternate) determination can be set for 5ft (instead of 380 ft AGL).
NOTE: Since the Lynx NGT-9000 also receives ADS-B traffic information, aircraft
no longer under TAS/TCAS surveillance may still be displayed based on the
received ADS-B traffic data.
Interference Limiting
To assure that interference effects from active TAS/TCAS equipment are kept to
a minimum, the FAA requires TAS/TCAS equipment to “interference limit,” i.e.
reduce its transmit power, when it is operating in congested airspace. This
limiting function is based on the number of TCAS interrogators detected via
Mode S broadcast reception and the reply rate of the aircraft transponder.
Interference limiting reduces the effective surveillance range of the TAS/TCAS
equipment and is independent of the display range selected.
NOTES:
1. Selected display range has no effect on the surveillance range of the
TAS/TCAS.
2. This interference limiting function is for active TAS/ TCAS and does
not affect the range at which ADS-B reporting traffic will be received. It
also does not limit the range at which the Lynx NGT-9000 ADS-B output
will be received by other aircraft.
3. Dual TAS/TCAS and ATAS operation where aircraft tracked by both
alerting systems will alert based on the ATAS system. Aircraft tracked
only by TAS/TCAS in this scenario will still alert according to the
TAS/TCAS rules.

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WEATHER OPERATION
The Lynx NGT-9000 provides weather information using data provided by the
Flight Information Service - Broadcast (FIS-B). The FIS-B service is available
only from a ground station that is in range to aircraft equipped with UAT receivers.
The FIS-B broadcast provides a graphical and textual display of weather and
aeronautical information. This information is provided on three different
application screens named below as “Graphical Weather Application”, “Graphic
Winds and Temps Application”, and Textual Application”. This information is
detailed below. The map orientation is typically shown as north up.
Alternate weather displays and PEDs may show the weather data differently
than what is shown in this pilot’s guide. Refer to the display operation manual or
PED application information for details.
Details on Flight Information Service - Broadcast (FIS-B)
FIS−B is a ground broadcast service provided through the ADS−B Services
network over the 978 MHz UAT data link. By using FIS−B for orientation and
information, the usefulness of information received from official sources may be
enhanced, but the user should be alert and understand any limitations
associated with individual data.
The weather data listed in Table 2-4 is available on specific application screens
as detailed below.
FIS−B augments the traditional ATC/FSS/ AOCC services by providing additional
information and in some cases the advantage of being displayed graphically. The
data provided by FIS−B is for information only and does not meet the safety and
regulatory requirements of official weather data.

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Table 2-4: Description of FIS-B Available Information

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
AIRMET Text/graphical report - Airmens Meteorological Information is a
weather advisory issued by a meteorological watch office. It provides
an advisory of potentially hazardous condition exists for low-level
aircraft and/ or aircraft with limited capability. Compared to SIG-
METs, AIRMETs cover less severe weather: moderate turbulence
and icing, surface winds of 30 knots, or widespread restricted
visibility.
METAR Text reports − Surface meteorological data. Includes airport identifier,
time of observation, wind, visibility, runway visual range, present
weather phenomena, sky conditions, temperature, dew point, and
altimeter setting. Remarks may be appended to the end.
NEXRAD, Graphical report - Next-Generation Radar is a nationwide network of
Regional high-resolution Doppler weather radars, which detect precipitation
and atmospheric movement or wind. It returns data which when
processed can be displayed in a mosaic map which shows patterns
of precipitation and its movement. The “Regional NEXRAD” FIS-B
product is a composite of available NEXRAD radar imagery in a local
area, showing a more detailed image than the “CO- NUS NEXRAD”
product.
NEXRAD, Graphical report - The “CONUS NEXRAD” FIS-B product is a
CONUS summary composite of available NEX- RAD radar imagery
across the 48 states.
NOTAM Text/graphical report - Notice To Airmen is created and
transmitted by government agencies under guidelines
specified by Annex 15: Aeronautical Information Services of
the Convention on International Civil Aviation. A NOTAM is
filed with an aviation authority to alert aircraft pilots of any
hazards enroute or at a specific location. The FIS-B NOTAM
product consists of NOTAM-Ds and NOTAM-FDCs (including
TFRs).
SIGMET Text/graphical report − Potentially hazardous enroute phenomena
such as thunderstorms and hail, turbulence, icing, sand and dust
storms, tropical cy- clones, and volcanic ash in an area affecting
3,000 square miles or an area deemed to have a significant effect on
safety of aircraft operations.
SIGMET, Text/graphical report - hazardous thunderstorms and related
Convective phenomena across Continental US. Convective SIGMETs issued for
thunderstorms and related phenomena do not include with
thunderstorms such as turbulence, icing, low-level wind shear and
IFR conditions.
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Table 2-4: Description of FIS-B Available Information

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
TAF Text report - Terminal Aerodrome Forecast is a format for reporting
aviation weather forecast information. Generally, a TAF is a 9- or 12-
hour forecast, though some TAFs can cover an 18- or 24-hour period.
TAFs complement and use similar encoding to METAR reports. They
are produced by a human forecaster based on the ground. For this
reason, there are fewer TAF locations than there are METARs. TAFs
can be more accurate than Numerical Weather Forecasts, since they
take into account local, small scale, geo- graphic effects.
Winds and Graphical report - Winds and Temperature Aloft Fore- cast is forecast
Temperatures for specific atmospheric conditions in terms of wind and temperature
Aloft in a specific altitude measured mostly in feet (ft) above mean sea
level (MSL). The forecast is specifically used for aviation purposes.

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Auto FIS-B Function

When configured for Auto FIS-B, the Winds & Temps and FIS-B textual data
screens are initially deactivated and the FIS-B No Coverage Indicator is
disabled. The Winds & Temps and FIS-B textual data screens are activated and
the FIS-B No Coverage Indicator enabled when FIS-B weather messages have
been detected. When FIS-B is in operation, a button is present on the screen
that is used to disable/ enable FIS-B function. See Figure 2-20.

Figure 2-20: FIS Button

FIS-B No Coverage Indicator
When configured to be enabled the indicator is located at the bottom center of
the screen and is shown when No FIS-B data is available in the area (i.e. out of
range of an ADS-B ground station). See Figure 2-21.
• The indicator is also shown if a problem exists with the NGT-9000 System.
See the troubleshooting section.
When configured disabled, the Winds & Temps and FIS-B textual data screens
are deactivated and the FIS-B No Coverage Indicator is disabled.

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FIS-B Graphical Weather Application

The Graphical Weather Application is located in the second screen position (or
third screen position when TAWS is enabled, Release 2.0 and after) as indicated
by the Application Indicator. The Graphic Application is a simplified moving map
with depiction of ownship and the ability to selectively overlay graphical FIS-B
products such as, NEXRAD, METAR, and SIGMET. See Figure 2-21.

Figure 2-21: Weather Map

Map Elements
FIS-B weather products are overlaid on the map. The viewing of weather
products is controlled by the declutter range selected on the Options Screen.
• Tap to select Product overlaid map elements.
• The selected map elements are highlighted in a yellow outline.
• A tap of an empty area of the map de-selects the map element.
• Only one map element can be selected at a time and may be selected
when panning is active or not.
• The map is normally centered on the ownship symbol when panning is not
activated. When panning is active, the viewing area is repositioned to that
selected by the pilot.
• The directional ownship symbol is a white triangle that is a reference point
that corresponds to the ownship position.
• The ownship symbol is a white circle if direction data is not known.

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• The landmasses are black. Bodies of water are dark blue. Depiction of
NEXRAD weather radar data is overlaid on the map. Map areas where
NEXRAD data has not been received are indicated using a gray semi-
transparent graphical overlay. This will cause landmasses to appear grey
and water to appear light blue when no graphical NEXRAD data is
available.
• Country and State borders are solid light gray lines.
• Major roads are depicted as solid gray lines for display ranges less than or
equal to 200 nm.
• Cities are shown on the map in small white text centered on the cities
location. The display ranges of cities are dependent on the size of the city
as follows: Large and medium sized cities are shown at less than or equal
to 200 nm. Small cities are shown at less than or equal to 50 nm.
• The symbol for the different types of airports are described in Table 2-5.
Soft surfaced airports are shown at display ranges less than or equal to 10
nm. Hard surfaced small airports are shown at display ranges less than or
equal to 20 nm. Hard surfaced large airports are shown at display ranges
less than or equal to 200 nm.
Information Button (i)
The Information button is shown on the screen, located on the right side of the
screen, after a map element is selected. The button is gray in color and labeled
with an “i” icon. Tap the button to show the
Weather Map Text screen on the left side of the screen.
TFR Map Elements
Temporary Flight Restrictions are displayed on the map as a solid red line. A
TFR is shown as a solid orange line up to 12 hours prior to the effective date and
time of the TFR.
AIRMET and SIGMET Map Elements
AIRMET and SIGMET are weather advisories with concise descriptions of weather
conditions in an area. The AIRMET are used for less severe weather then the
SIGMET. The type and graphic description are detailed below:

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Table 2-5: Airport Symbols

DESCRIPTION SYMBOL
Towered Soft Surfaced Airport

Non-towered Soft Surfaced Airports

Towered Hard Surfaced Small Airports

(1,500 to 8,069 ft runway)

Non-towered Hard Surfaced Small Airports

(1,500 to 8,069 ft runway)

Towered Hard Surfaced Large Airports

(> 8,069 ft runway and some multi-
surfaced < 8,069 ft runways)
Non-towered Hard Surfaced Large Airports
(> 8,069 ft runway and some multi-
surfaced < 8,069 ft runways)

AIRMET TYPE DISPLAY PROPERTIES

Icing Straight hashed blue line
Turbulence Straight hashed orange line
Mountain Obscuring Straight hashed magenta line
IFR Straight hashed purple line
Unknown Straight hashed blue line

SIGMET TYPE DISPLAY PROPERTIES

Icing Straight hashed Red line
Turbulence
Convective
Volcanic Ash
Other

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METAR Map Elements

METAR is a report of weather conditions at airports represented graphically and
consists of the FAA Flight Rules and Weather Conditions. The flight rules icons
shows the FAA flight rules for each airport based on the visibility and cloud cover
conditions. The weather conditions icons indicates the weather conditions at
each airport based on precipitation, winds, and visual obstructions. The type
and graphic description are detailed below:

FLIGHT RULES DISPLAY PROPERTIES

VFR Filled cyan circle
MVFR Filled green circle
IFR Filled yellow circle
LIFR Filled magenta circle
Unknown Filled grey circle

REGIONAL NEXRAD Map Elements

NEXRAD provides data on precipitation and its intensity in the form of a
composite mosaic image. See Figure 2-22. NEXRAD information extends to
approximately a 75 nm radius of the ownship, and is only updated every 5
minutes.
NOTE: Freezing precipitation colors (pink/ blue) are not provided.
The age of the NEXRAD data is shown in the lower left corner of the screen with
yellow text. The time stamp is labeled with “RDR” and “min”. Dashes replace the
time stamp when no NEXRAD image data is available. (The actual age of the
data can be 0 to 20 minutes older than indicated.)
CONUS NEXRAD Map Elements
CONUS information covers the Continental United States. It is only updated
every 15 minutes. See Panning on Page 2-60 for more information.

Figure 2-22: Example of NEXRAD Weather Map

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Traffic Button
This button is located on the far left side of the screen and is labeled “TFC” with
a left facing triangle. Tap the button to return to the Traffic Application screen.
Zoom Buttons
Zoom In (+) and Zoom Out (-) buttons are located on the bottom of screen. The
buttons are used to change the display range shown on the display. Display
range options for the Graphic Application screen are 10 (minimum), 20, 50, 100,
200, 400, and 800 (maximum).
Display Range Indicator
This indication is a readout of the selected display range and is located in the lower
right corner of the display.
Panning
Press and hold an area of the screen that is not a button for 1 second to activate
the Panning function. Drag across the map to move the map in that direction.
Tap the Cancel Pan button to inactivate the panning function.
North Indicator
This indication is a white/green arrow located in the lower right corner of the
display. The indicator points to the top of the display when the application is
oriented north up and points true north when the application is oriented track up.
Airport ID Indicator
The airport ID is shown on the screen, located below the Information button, after
an airport map element is selected.
Orientation Button
This toggle button is located on the left side of the screen is labeled “Map”. The
button has two selections “NRTH” which is north up and “TRK” which is track up.
The lower half of the button shows the current map orientation in green text.
The north up orientation has the ownship position in the center of the map
screen.
The track up orientation has the ownship centered horizontally but moved down
to the lower one third of the screen (this orientation provides a longer look ahead
in the direction of travel).
The map defaults to North Up orientation if ownship position data is not valid.

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Map Options Button

The gear shaped Options Button is located in the upper right corner of the map
screen. Tapping the button opens the Options screen that has three latch buttons
located on the bottom of the screen. These buttons are labeled ON/OFF,
Declutter, and Done.
Tap the Done button to close the Options Screen.
On/Off Option Screen
The ON/OFF screen has Toggle On/Off buttons for the FIS-B products and a
Legend. A green LED indicates that the button and function is on. See Figure
2-23.

Figure 2-23: On/Off Options Screen

Weather Map Legend Screen
The Legend screen is located on the left screen and is shown after the Legend
button in the On/Off screen is tapped. The screen has a banner on the top of the
screen above the left display area. See Figure 2-24.
Banner
The Banner is shown on the top of the screen having a gray background. The
banner provides the following information:
• Done button used to return to the previous screen.
• Mode A squawk code indicator.
• Reply “R” or Ident “ID” indicator shown to the right of the squawk code
when either function is active.
• Current transponder operating mode status indicator with green text. An
amber “Fail” is shown when the transponder function has failed.

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Figure 2-24: Weather Map Legend Screen

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Display Area
The left display area is used to show the meaning of map elements provided by
FIS-B products. It is identified with the label “Legend”. A scroll bar on the right
side provides an indication that additional information can be seen by using an
up/down drag action.
Declutter Option Screen
The declutter screen has a banner at the top of the screen that is labeled with
the declutter range scale from 10 to 800.
The Declutter setting sets the zoom range when a product is displayed/removed
from the display.
The display area shows the declutter list of the different products (NEXRAD,
METAR, TFR, AIRMET, and SIGMET). LED indicators show declutter ranges for
each product. The selected list item is highlighted in white. Use the Zoom buttons
to increase and decrease the layer range. Use a slide action to scroll up and down
the product list. The example in Figure 2-25 would indicate that NEXRAD
information would be displayed up to the 400 nm range.

Figure 2-25: Declutter Option Screen

Weather Map Text Screen
The Weather Map Text is shown on the left screen after the Information button is
tapped. The screen is removed from view when another application is activated
on the right screen or if the selected map element is deselected. See Figure
2-26.
Display Area
The left display area is used to show text report data from the selected map
element.

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Figure 2-26: Weather Map Text Screen

Banner
The Banner is shown on the top of the left screen having a gray background.
The banner provides the following information:
• Done button used to remove the Weather Map Text screen and return the
left side application screen.
• Mode A squawk code.
• Reply “R” or Ident “ID” indicator shown to the right of the squawk code
when either function is active.
• Current transponder operating mode status indicator with green text. An
amber “Fail” is shown when the transponder function has failed.
• Product Select button opens a Product Select window. The button is
displayed only when the selected display element is an airport. See Figure
2-27.
If selected product text data report is not available, the display area indicates
this by displaying the selected product with a “not available” message.
Product Select List Window
The window shows a list of product types to select. Tapping the item will select
the product type. Only one product type can be selected at a time. The available
product are METAR, TAF, and NOTAM. Use a slide action to scroll the window
up and down. Tap the item in the list to select. A selected item is indicated by a
green indicator.
Tap the Done button to close the window and return to the Weather Map Text
screen. The selected product will now be displayed on the Weather Map Text
screen. If data for that product type is not available, the message “not available”
is displayed.

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Figure 2-27: Product Pick List Window

FIS-B Graphic Winds & Temp Application
The Graphical Winds and Temperature Application is available on the right
screen and is located in the third screen position (4th screen position when
TAWS installed, Release 2.0 and after) as indicated by the Application Indicator.
This application screen displays graphical wind and temperature aloft
information obtained from FIS-B products. The aloft map orientation is shown as
north up. See Figure 2-28.
Traffic Button
This button is located on the far left side of the screen and is labeled “TFC” with
a left facing triangle. Tap the button to return to the Traffic Application screen.
Aloft Button
This button is located on the left side of the screen and is labeled “Aloft” with
white text and the active selection labeled either “Wind” or “Temp” with green
text. Tap the button to select the other screen function.

Figure 2-28: Aloft Map Screen

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The winds aloft display properties are defined in Figure 2-29.

Figure 2-29: Winds Aloft Map Elements

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Panning
Press and hold an area of the screen that is not a button for 1-3 seconds second
to activate the Panning function. Drag across the map to move the map in that
direction. Tap the “Cancel Pan” button to deactivate the panning function.
NEXRAD images may not appear after panning and zooming to a range 200 NM
or less. Regional NEXRAD images displayed in panning mode (when display
range is 200 NM or less) are based on the data received from nearby ground
stations. Ground stations only provide Regional NEXRAD data for areas 150 to
250 NM around their location. Therefore, the Regional NEXRAD display image
area is limited to an area around your aircraft position. No data available (gray
overlay) is displayed when panning outside the available Regional NEXRAD data
range. Zooming out to a range of 400nmi or later will switch to the CONUS
NEXRAD display images (if available) and the depicted map includes areas of
the continental US (CONUS).
Both Regional and CONUS NEXRAD are affected with the declutter “NEXRAD”
setting. It is recommended that this declutter setting be set to 800NM.
Assuming both Regional and CONUS NEXRAD is available:
Zoom Range = 200NM or less: Regional NEXRAD data only is displayed.
Zoom Range = 400NM or later: CONUS NEXRAD data only is displayed.
Zoom Buttons
Zoom In (+) and Zoom Out (-) buttons are located on the bottom of screen. The
buttons are used to change the display range shown on the display. Display
range options are 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 400, and
800.
Issue Valid Time Indication
This indicator is located at the bottom of the screen and is shown with green text
when a valid time is shown. The text is shown with yellow text when the data is
not valid or available.
Ownship Symbol
The ownship is shown as a white triangle when heading or track is valid. When
ownship direction source is not valid, the ownship symbol is a white circle with a
black inset.

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North Indicator
This indication is a white/green arrow located in the lower right corner of the
display. The indicator points to the top of the display when the application is
oriented north up.
Flight Level Selection
This is a vertical array of altitudes, which is shown when the altitude is pressed.
Selection is done by tapping the screen on the value desired. The values are in
hundreds of feet.
When transitioning from one region to the other and the currently selected flight
level is not supported in the new region, the selected flight level is reset to one
that is supported.
FIS-B Textual Application
The Textual Application is available on the right screen and is located in the
fourth screen position as indicated by the Application Indicator. This application
screen displays textual weather information products for selected airports
provided by FIS-B. The products available are METAR, TAF, NOTAM. See Figure
2-30.
Display Area
The display area is used to show text report data from the selected Product.
Banner
The banner is located above the display area. The banner contains buttons to
return to the Traffic Application screen, open the Edit Airport ID window, open the
Favorites Pick List window, and a button to open the Product Pick List window.

Figure 2-30: FIS-B Textual Application

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Traffic Button
This button is located on the far left side of the banner and is labeled “TFC” with
a left facing triangle. Tap the button to return to the Traffic Application screen.
Airport Button
This button is located to the right of the Traffic button and is labeled with the
Selected Airport identifier. This information is also shown below in the display
area. Tap the button to open the Edit Airport ID window.
Edit Airport ID Window
This window is used to enter an Airport ID that is shown on the airport button and
the display. See Figure 2-31.
• Use the keyboard to enter the three or four character alpha- numeric
Airport ID in the airport edit box
• Tap the Cancel button to close the window without changing the current
Airport ID.
• Tap the Add to Favorites button (star plus icon) to add the current Airport
ID to the Favorites Pick List. The Favorites Pick List has maximum of 50
entries. The button is inhibited when the pick list has reached its maximum.
• Tap the Done button to close the window and set the selected airport ID.
If a selected airport is not found in the navigation database, an “Airport not found”
message is shown in the display area.
NOTE: Some airports are FIS-B encoded with a 3-letter identifier and omitting the
leading “K” or “P” in the entry may produce the desired airport.

Figure 2-31 Example of Edit Airport ID Window

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Favorites Button
This button is labeled with an amber star icon. Tap the button to open the
Favorites Pick List window.
Favorites Pick List Window
This window is used to select a pre-saved Airport ID. See Figure 2-32.
• The Favorite Airports list is centered in the display area showing the list of
airports set by the user via the add to favorite button located in Edit Airport
ID window. The list has a maximum 50 entries organized alphabetically.
Use a slide action to scroll the list. Tap an ID from the list to select it.
• Tap the Done button to return to close the window and set the selected
airport ID.
• Tap the Delete button to remove the selected airport ID from the favorites
list.
• Tap the Cancel button to close the window without changing the current
Airport ID.

Figure 2-32: Example of Favorites Window

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Product Button
This button is labeled with the current selected product. Tap the button to open
the Product Pick List window.
Product Pick List Window
This window is used to select an available FIS-B Textual Product, which are
METAR, NOTAM, and TAF. See Figure 2-33.
• The Product List is centered in the display area showing the list of available
Products. Tap the product from the list to select it.
• Tap the Done button to return to close the window and set the Product.
If selected product text data report is not available, the display area indicates
this by displaying the selected product with a “not available” message.

Figure 2-33: Example of Product Pick List Window

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TAWS OPERATION
The Terrain Awareness and Warning System (TAWS) is an optional function that
is set up during installation. The TAWS function continuously monitors the
aircraft’s position, altitude, speed, track, and phase of flight and compares the
information to the terrain database loaded during installation. Terrain and
obstacle hazards are indicated by cautions and warnings using screen
annunciators, aural terrain alerts, and discrete alert lamps. See Figure 2-34 and
the descriptions below for details.
The details for the TAWS Screen at the beginning of this section is for the Panel
Mount version of the Lynx NGT-9000. The instructions for TAWS Audio Alerts
(Page 2-73) and Conditions to Trigger Alerts or Callouts (Page 2-74 to 2-82) are
for both the Panel and Remote Mount versions of the Lynx NGT-9000.
NOTE: With Release 4.0 and after, the NGT-9000 is capable of receiving Radio
Altitude information, but the Radio Altitude is not used to support the TAWS
function.

Figure 2-34: TAWS Screen

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TerrainVisionTM Option
The TerrainVisionTM option is available with Panel Mount units with Release 2.1
and after, and is an optional function set up during installation. This option sets
the unit to show terrain only with no alerts. When this option is installed the TAWS
screen will have the indication “TERR Advisory” at the bottom of the screen with
all audio and display alerting disabled. See Figure 2-35.

Figure 2-35: Terrain Display Only - No Alerts Screen

Limitations
• The TAWS function shall not be used as a navigation instrument. It is not
intended to provide navigational guidance nor to relieve pilots from following
published navigational procedures, routes, altitude restrictions, and/or
instructions from air traffic control agencies except in response to alerts to
avoid potentially hazardous terrain and/or obstacles. The terrain screen is
intended to serve as a situational awareness tool only.
• Terrain elevation recorded in the database refers to the actual ground or
water; it does not include trees, shrubs, or ice.
• TAWS does not operate in north of 70° N or south of 70° S.
• TAWS will use all airport runways included in the database. Contact
Jeppesen® if a runway is not included in the database.
• Some Aircraft may be equipped with an external CAWS or TAWS type
system that has higher priority audio annunciation that will delay traffic or
terrain alerts.

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Defining Terrain Alerts

A caution alert as an alert that requires immediate pilot awareness and corrective
action usually necessary involving stop descending or initiate either a climb or a
turn, or both as necessary, based on analysis of all available instruments and
information.
A warning alert as an alert that requires immediate pilot action to initiate and
continue a climb that will provide maximum terrain clearance, or any similar
approved vertical terrain escape maneuver, until all alerts cease. Vertical
maneuvers are only recommended, unless either operating in visual
meteorological conditions (VMC), or the pilot determines, based on all available
information, that turning in addition to the vertical escape maneuver is the safest
course of action, or both.
Traffic Button
This button is located on the far left side of the screen and is labeled “TFC” with
a left facing triangle. Tap the button to return to the Traffic Application screen.
Zoom Buttons
Zoom In (+) and Zoom Out (-) buttons are located on the bottom of screen. The
buttons are used to change the display range shown on the display. Display
range options for the Graphic Application screen are 2 (minimum), 6, 12, and 24
(maximum) nmi.
Display Range Indicator
This indication is a readout of the selected display range and is located in the lower
right corner of the display.
Display Orientation Indicator
The display orientation indicator is located on the lower left side of the screen and
is shown as either, No indication (default installed direction source of heading or
track), a white/green chevron indicating North- Up orientation, or has the letters
“TRK” indicating the installed heading source has failed and the GPS track is now
being used.
The display orientation indicator is not shown during normal operation.
Installations with heading will have a default display orientation of heading up.
Installations without heading will have a default display orientation of track up.
When installations without heading are on the ground with no valid track
information, the screen reverts to north up depiction and indicates the north
chevron.
When installations with heading source have a heading failure, if track is valid, the

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screen will revert to track up and indicate “TRK”. If track is invalid (sitting on
ground), then the screen will be north up.
Aural Acknowledge Button
This button is shown on the right side of the screen and appears as a speaker
icon when a terrain caution or warning alert occurs. Tap the button to silence the
aural part of the current terrain alert. The button is then removed from the screen
until another alert occurs.
NOTE: Some aircraft may be equipped with a yoke or panel mounted
acknowledge button that performs the same function.
AGL Altitude Readout
The Above Ground Level Altitude readout is located in the top right of the screen.
The readout has an upper limit of 9,950ft. The readout is removed from the
screen if the altitude is > 10,000ft or when sitting on the ground (0 ft AGL).
Ownship Symbol
The ownship symbol is a white triangle when the display orientation is direction-
up (true heading or true track-up are valid) and is centered horizontally, but
moved down to the lower one third of the screen. An ownship velocity vector line
uses ownship track and ground speed to indicate 30 seconds of ownship travel.
The ownship symbol is a black/white circle when the display orientation is north-up
and is located in the center on the screen.
Obstacle Symbols
Obstacles are depicted as triangular shape objects that can be either small or
tall; colored as either cyan, yellow, or red; and shown as a single object or as a
group. Obstacles are shown when the display range is 2, 6, and 12 nmi.
A small obstacle is shown for obstacles that are 200ft to <1,000ft tall. Tall
obstacles are shown for obstacles that are > 1,000ft. Obstacles that are < 200ft
are not shown on the TAWS screen.
Obstacle color is based on obstacle elevation (MSL altitude at the top of the
obstacle) compared to the aircraft altitude. Cyan colored obstacles are > 1,000ft
below the aircraft. Amber colored obstacles are between 1ft and 1,000ft below the
aircraft, and red colored obstacles are equal to or above the aircraft altitude.
NOTE: While obstacles are enabled, TAWS is capable of generating alerts on all
obstacles included in the database. However, due to incomplete obstacle data and
display de- cluttering techniques such as altitude filtering and obstacle coalescing,
every obstacle may not be depicted on the Terrain Display.

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Airport Symbols
The symbol for the different types of airports are described in Table 2-6. Airport
symbols are shown on the screen when the display range is 12 nmi or less.
Airport Symbol Operation
Tap the symbol to display the Airport Identifier and the Information button on the
right side of the screen.
Tap the Information Button to open the TAWS Airport Text screen. Its operation
is identical to the “Weather Map Text Screen”. Refer to Figure 2-27.
Tap an area of the screen without an airport symbol to deselect. The airport
symbol is also deselected when the distance between the airport symbol and
ownship is > 35 nmi.
Table 2-6: Airport Symbols
DESCRIPTION SYMBOL
Towered Soft Surfaced Airport

Non-towered Soft Surfaced Airports

Towered Hard Surfaced Small Airports

(<8,069 ft runway)

Non-towered Hard Surfaced Small Airports

(<8,069 ft runway)

Towered Hard Surfaced Large Airports (> 8,069 ft runway)

Non-towered Hard Surfaced Large Airports (> 8,069 ft runway

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Estimated Quiet Zone Around Airport Symbols

On the TAWS display the 1.2 nmi radius gray-shaded area depicted around each
airport symbol is the estimated quiet zone. It is used as a visual reminder that
TAWS does not generate predictive alerts in the area near airport runways.
The TAWS system has a predictive terrain alert “or quiet zone” around each
airport runway to help reduce nuisance alerts during a normal takeoff or landing
procedures. GPWS-type alerts such as ‘excessive descent rate’, however, are
still active and will alert in this area.
Note that the predictive alert suppression is related to the location of the alert,
not the position of the aircraft. Aircraft within a quiet zone may still predict alerts
on terrain or obstacles outside the quiet zone. See the ‘forward looking terrain
avoidance (FLTA)’ section for more information on quiet zones.
TAWS Terrain Color Legend
Each color represents a terrain elevation in relation the aircraft’s current altitude.
Table 2-7 shows color samples at 500 ft steps. The system provides a smooth
color transition to changing terrain elevations and aircraft altitudes.
Table 2-7: Terrain Color Scheme

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Information Button (i)

The Information button is shown on the screen, located on the right side of the
screen, after an airport symbol is selected. The button is gray in color and labeled
with an “i” icon. Tap the button to show the TAWS Airport screen on the left side
of the screen.
TAWS Airport Text Screen
The TAWS Airport Text screen is used to show text report data from the selected
airport symbol the same as the FIS-B Textual Products Page. See Figure 2-36.
The screen is removed from view when another application is activated on the right
screen or if the selected airport symbol is deselected.

Figure 2-36: TAWS Airport Text Screen

The top portion of the screen is a gray banner that provides the following
information and operation:
• Tap the Done button remove the TAWS Airport Text screen and return the
left side application screen.
• Display of the Mode A squawk code.
• Reply “R” or Ident “ID” indicator shown to the right of the squawk code
when either function is active.
• Display of the current transponder operating mode status indicator with
green text. An amber “Fail” is shown when the transponder function has
failed.
• Product Select button opens a Product Select window. Refer to Figure
2-27. The available product are METAR, TAF, and NOTAM. If the selected
product text data report is not available, the display area indicates this by
displaying the selected product with a “not available” message.

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TAWS Options Button

The gear shaped Options Button is located in the upper right corner of the right
application screen. Tap the button to open the options screen. Refer to Figure
2-37.

Figure 2-37: TAWS Options Screen

TAWS Options Screen
The Settings latch button opens a screen providing the setting of Obstacles and
Alerting status. Both buttons may be set to “Enabled” or “Inhibited”. Both buttons
are set to “Enabled at start-up.
• Selecting “Inhibited” on the Obstacles button removes obstacles from the
TAWS display and TAWS will not include obstacles as part of the alert
detection. This is used to stop TAWS alerting when landing at an unknown
airport or runway.
• Selecting “Inhibited” on the Alerting button places an “Inhibited” indicator
on the screen and removes visual TAWS alerts and stops aural alerts from
occurring.
Tap the Done button to close the Options Screen.
TAWS Display Alerts
When a TAWS Caution or Warning Alert is detected, the appropriate alert symbol
is depicted at the location of the alert on the terrain map. Red or Amber Alert Text
indicators which relate to the active TAWS Alert are shown at the bottom center
of the screen. Refer to Figure 2-36 and Table 2-8. The display alert is
accompanied by an aural announcement.
The TAWS inhibited indicator is shown when alerting is inhibited using the TAWS
options Screen.
NOTE: Off display alerting may occur if display is at low range. Expanding of the
range will then reveal the alert area.

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Table 2-8: TAWS Display Alerts

TAWS Warning Symbol

TAWS Caution Symbol

TAWS Warning Text

TAWS Caution Text

TAWS Caution Obstacle Text

TAWS Inhibited

TAWS Audio Alerts

Aural announcements for caution alerts are repeated every 7 seconds, and
require immediate flight crew awareness and possible action. The exact phrase
used in the aural announcement depends on the installation setup, the type of
alert condition, and whether the alert is due to terrain or an obstacle. See Table
2-8.
Aural announcements for warning alerts are repeated continuously and require
immediate flight crew action. The exact phrase used in the aural announcement
depends on the installation setup, the type of alert condition, and whether the
alert is due to terrain or an obstacle. See Table 2-9.
500 ft Altitude Callout
The 500 ft altitude callout consists of the aural announcement, “five hundred.”
The callout is intended to provide situational awareness to the flight crew and
does not necessarily indicate a hazardous condition.

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Table 2-9: Caution & Warning Alert Phrases*

CAUTION ALERT Warning Alert

ALERT CONDITION PHRASES Phrases
Reduced “Caution, Terrain; “Terrain, Terrain; Pull
Caution, Terrain!” Up, Pull Up!”
Required Terrain Clearance (RTC) Or “Caution, Obstacle; Or “Obstacle,
(Figure 2-35) Caution, Obstacle!” Obstacle; Pull Up,
Pull Up!”
or
Imminent Terrain Impact (ITI) Figure “Terrain Ahead; “Terrain Ahead, Pull
2-36) Terrain Ahead!” Up; Terrain Ahead,
Or “Obstacle Ahead; Pull Up!”
Obstacle Ahead!” Or “Obstacle,
Obstacle; Pull Up,
Pull Up!”
Premature Descent (Figure 2-37) “Too Low, Terrain!” None
Excessive Descent Rate (Figure 2- “Sink Rate!” None
38)
Negative Climb Rate or “Don’t sink!” None
Altitude Loss After Takeoff (Figure 2- “Too low, terrain!”
39)

* The primary or secondary phrase options are setup at installation.

Conditions to Trigger Alerts or Callouts
The TAWS function uses Forward Looking Terrain Avoidance (FLTA) and Ground
Proximity Warning System (GPWS) functionality to determine when a terrain
alert or altitude callout is triggered due based on the following conditions:
• Reduced required terrain clearance (FLTA)
• Imminent terrain impact (FLTA)
• Premature descent
• Excessive descent rate (GPWS)
• Negative climb rate or altitude loss after takeoff (GPWS)
• Altitude of 500 ft (GPWS).

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Forward Looking Terrain Avoidance (FLTA)

The conditions, reduced required terrain clearance and imminent terrain impact,
are part of the TAWS FLTA function. Using FLTA, TAWS looks ahead of the
airplane (in the database) along its projected vertical and horizontal flight path,
including turns, to determine if any terrain or obstacles might pose a threat
(Figure 2-39). (Hereafter, the word “terrain” refers to “terrain or obstacles” unless
indicated otherwise.) The TAWS function determines the terrain threat based on
the phase of flight (Figure 2-39) and on the predicted terrain clearance compared
to the required terrain clearance (Table 2-9 and Table 2-10). FLTA alerts are
disabled within the quiet zone when landing the aircraft to prevent nuisance
terrain alerts. The quiet zone is an area 1.2 nm around the runway and 700 ft
above the runway threshold.

Figure 2-38: Forward Looking Terrain Avoidance (FLTA)

Figure 2-39: Phase of Flight Definitions

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Reduced Required Terrain Clearance (RTC)

The reduced RTC alert condition (Figure 2-40) occurs when the aircraft is
currently above the altitude of the upcoming terrain along the projected flight
path, but the projected terrain clearance is less than the required terrain
clearance (Table 2-10).
The TAWS function issues a caution alert 60 seconds before the offending
terrain and a warning alert 30 seconds before the offending terrain.

Figure 2-40: Reduced RTC Alert Condition

Table 2-10: Required Terrain Clearances for the Reduced RTC Alert Condition

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Imminent Terrain Impact (ITI)

The ITI alert condition (Figure 2-41) occurs when your aircraft is currently below
the altitude of the upcoming terrain along the projected flight path, and the
projected terrain clearance is less than the required terrain clearance (Table
2-11).
The TAWS function issues a caution alert 60 seconds before the offending
terrain and a warning alert 30 seconds before the offending terrain.

Figure 2-41: ITI Alert Condition

Table 2-11: Required Terrain Clearances for the ITI Alert Condition

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Premature Descent
The premature descent alert condition (Figure 2-42) occurs when your aircraft is
significantly below the normal final approach flight path to the nearest runway
(typically a 3-degree implied glideslope). This condition may exist for a variety of
reasons such as poor visibility or nighttime operation. If this condition is not
corrected, then likely the aircraft will touch down short of the runway even if the
aircraft is properly configured for landing and is descending at a normal rate. The
premature descent alert is only enabled in the terminal and approach phases.
The TAWS function uses the aircraft’s current position, flight path information,
and the runway database to detect the premature descent condition and then a
caution alert is sent.
WARNING: TAWS function calculates premature descent alerts
WARNING
based on the aircrafts proximity to the closest runway
and measures the aircrafts distance from that runway
once per second. The closest runway may or may not
be the runway intended for a landing.

Figure 2-42: Premature Descent Alert Condition

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Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) Alerting

The alert and callout conditions for excessive descent rate, negative climb rate
or altitude loss after takeoff, and altitude of 500 ft are determined by the TAWS
function subtracting the terrain elevation stored in its terrain database from the
GPS-based aircraft altitude to calculate height above terrain.
Excessive Descent Rate
The excessive descent rate alert condition (Figure 2-43), also known as GPWS
Mode 1, occurs when the aircraft is descending too fast for the aircrafts current
height above terrain, regardless of the aircrafts flap position. More precisely, it is
when your aircraft’s descent rate and height above terrain fall within the
envelopes shown in Figure 2-44.

Figure 2-43: Excessive Descent Rate Alert Condition

Figure 2-44: Excessive Descent Rate Graph

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Negative Climb Rate or Altitude Loss After Takeoff

These alert conditions (Figure 2-45), also known as GPWS Modes 3A and 3B
are enabled between 50 and 700 ft above the runway after takeoff or after a
missed approach. The negative climb rate alert condition is based on descent
rate. The altitude loss after takeoff alert condition is based on accumulated
altitude loss in order to catch descents that are too gradual to qualify for the
negative climb rate alert condition. The two together ensure that practically any
descent after takeoff or missed approach will trigger an alert.

Figure 2-45: Negative Climb Rate or Altitude Loss after Takeoff Alert Condition

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When the aircraft’s height above the runway elevation and its descent rate or
altitude loss fall within the envelopes shown in Figure 2-46 and Figure 2-47,
TAWS issues a caution alert.

Figure 2-46 Negative Climb Rate Graph

Figure 2-47: Altitude Loss After Takeoff Graph

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Altitude of 500 ft
This condition (Figure 2-48), also known as a subset of GPWS Mode 6, occurs
when the aircraft descends within 500 ft of the terrain during enroute mode, or
when the aircraft is in enroute mode in level flight but the terrain below rises up
within 500 ft of the aircraft. It also occurs when the aircraft descends within 500
ft of the nearest runway threshold elevation during terminal or approach mode.
When any of these conditions occurs, TAWS issues an aural 500 ft altitude
callout (“five hundred”). The 500 ft altitude callout does not occur when the
aircraft is ascending or during departure or missed approach mode. The callout
is ready to play again only after the aircraft ascends to 700 ft above the terrain or
runway.

Figure 2-48: Altitude of 500 Feet Callout Condition

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LIGHTNING OPERATION
Lightning detection is an optional function that is set up during installation. The
Lightning function continuously monitors electrical discharges from
thunderstorms within a 200 nmi radius of the aircraft and plots the location of the
discharges as cells or strikes on the right application screen. See Figure 2-48
and Figure 2-49 and the descriptions below for details.
Refer to the Stormscope (WX-500) Users Guide 009-11501-001 for in-depth
details.

Figure 2-49: Lightning Screen 360 View

WARNING: Never use the Lightning system to attempt to
WARNING penetrate a thunderstorm. The FAA Advisory Circular,
Subject: Thunderstorms, and the Airman’s Information
Manual (AIM) recommend that aircraft are to “avoid by
at least 20 miles any thunderstorm identified as
severe or giving an intense radar echo.”
Traffic Button
This button is located on the far left side of the screen and is labeled “TFC” with
a left facing triangle. Tap the button to return to the Traffic Application screen.

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Figure 2-50: Lightning Screen 120 View

Ownship Symbol
The ownship symbol is a white triangle with the nose of the ownship symbol
corresponding to the ownship position.
• When the View mode is 360 the symbol is centered on the screen. See
Figure 2-49.
• When the View mode is 120 the symbol is centered at the bottom of the
screen. See Figure 2-50.
Zoom Buttons
Zoom In (+) and Zoom Out (-) buttons are located on the bottom of screen. The
buttons are used to change the display range shown on the screen. Display
range options for the Lightning screen is 25, 50, 100, and 200 nmi.
360 View
Display range 25 NM has a white outer circle with Azimuth indicators at 30
degree intervals. See Figure 2-49.
Display range 50, 100, and 200 has Azimuth indicators at 30 degree intervals in
an outer ring. An inner white circle surrounds the Ownship that represents 25 nmi
from the Ownship.
120 View
Display range 25 NM has a white outer arc with Azimuth indicators at + / - 30
degree with white radial lines extending from the nose of the ownship symbol.
See Figure 2-50.
Display range 50, 100, and 200 has Azimuth indicators at +/- 30 and +/- 60
degrees with white radial lines extending from the nose of the ownship symbol.
An inner white arc extends from the +/- 60 radial lines that represents 25 nmi

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from the Ownship.

Mode Button
This toggle button is located on the left side of the screen and is labeled “MOD”.
The button has two selections “STK (strike) and “CEL” (cell). The lower half of
the button shows the current mode selection in green text. Refer to Table 2-12 for
Lightning Symbology.
• Set the mode for Strike to display strike data on the screen. Strike data is
most useful during periods of light electrical activity as this will show the
strengthening thunderstorm sooner than cell data.
• Set the mode for Cell to display cell data on the screen. Cell data is used
during heavy electrical activity.
NOTE: Other atmospheric phenomena can cause isolated discharge points in
the Strike Mode screen. Clusters of two or more discharge points do indicate
thunderstorm activity when they reappear after clearing the screen.
In the Cell Mode screen even a single discharge point may represent
thunderstorm activity and should be avoided.
Table 2-12: Lightning Symbols

STRIKE CELL STRIKE AGE

0-10 sec

10 sec - 1 min

1-2 min

2-3 min

Clear Button
This button is located on the far right side of the screen and is labeled “CLR”. Tap
the button to clear the screen of the current lightning data (strike or cell).
Clearing the lightning data periodically helps in determining if a storm is
strengthening or dissipating. A strengthening storm is indicated by the lightning
data reappearing faster and in larger numbers, while a dissipating storm appears
slower and with fewer number of strikes.
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Lightning Options Button

The gear shaped Options Button is located in the upper right corner of the right
application screen. Tap the button to open the Lighting Setting page. Refer to
Figure 2-51.
Lightning Settings (View Mode, Stabilization, Status)
The Settings page is active when “Settings” label is green. The page shows the
WX-500 software information, WX-500 Status information, current display View
and Stab (stabilization) status.
• The View Mode toggle button can be set for either 120 or 360 degrees.
• The Stab Mode toggle button can be set for either On or Off. When set to
“On” the position of the electrical discharge points on the display are
automatically adjusted as the aircraft changes heading. Stab should
always be “On” except for system without a heading source or if heading
is invalid.

It is recommended that Stabilization be set to “Off” if heading is invalid and

remain off until heading input is corrected. When set to Off the heading
indicator is not displayed and a “STAB OFF” message is shown on the
screen.
• Along with the software information the status of the WX-500 is indicated
as “OK” in white text, “Degraded” in amber text, or “Failed” in red text. If
degraded or failed is shown a fault code and description is shown. Multiple
codes will rotate one at a time for 3 second periods. A list of error
messages and fault information is provided in the WX-500 User’s Guide
(009-11501- 001).
Press the Done button to return to the lightning application screen.
NOTE: The Tests page is used for installation of the WX-500 and should be
ignored.

Figure 2-51: Lightning Setting Page

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Heading Stabilization
The heading stabilization automatically adjusts the position of the discharge
points on the screen when the aircraft changes heading.
• This feature is not available for aircraft without a heading input or if
heading data is invalid.
• If heading data is invalid as indicated by amber dashes shown for the
heading indicator, then stabilization should be set for Off using the Lighting
Options page.
• If heading stabilization is Off tap the “CLR” button to clear the discharge
points after each heading change to display new discharge points in the
proper location relative to the nose of the aircraft.
Strike Rate Indicator
The Strike Rate Indicator is located in the upper right corner of the screen and
is labeled “RATE”. The indicator shows the approximate number of strikes per
minute providing the user a way to determine if thunderstorms are strengthening
or weakening.
Strike Rate Trend Arrow
This white arrow is shown to the left of the Rate Indicator. When the arrow is
shown pointing up it indicates an increase in strikes while a down pointing arrow
indicates a decrease in strikes.
Heading Indicator
The heading indicator is located on the top right side of the screen and provides a
three digit (001 to 360) display of heading.
If heading is invalid the digits are replaced with three amber dashes and heading
stabilization is off.
NOTE: Heading is optional and this indicator will not be shown if heading is not
used.
Application Indicator / Nearby Strike
The Application Indicator is located on the bottom of the screen. It shows the
current application screen (lightning) compared to the other enabled application
screens.
A Nearby Strike Indication (activity indicator) is shown over the lightning
application dot. It fades in/out when active to draw attention to possible storm
activity. See Figure 2-50.

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MAINTENANCE MODE
Maintenance mode is used to perform a screen calibration. See Figure 2-52.
1. Apply power to the Lynx NGT-9000.
2. When the splash screen is shown press and hold (continue holding when the
status and version screens are showing) in the lower left corner of the display
until the Activate Maintenance Mode window is shown on the right screen.
3. Tap the Yes button to restart the unit in Maintenance Mode.
NOTE: Pressing the No screen button or 10 seconds of inactivity starts normal
operation mode.
4. Tap the Screen Calibration text.
5. In the Calibration screen touch and release each target shown. (Four calibration
targets and two verification targets). Each must be completed within 15 seconds
or the Calibration Time out message is shown. The unit returns to the main
screen.
6. If normal operation is desired cycle power to the unit or tap the Reboot text on
the main screen followed by tapping the Main App > text to perform a warm
startup.
7. When in normal operation check that the touch screen accuracy has improved.
If the accuracy has not improved, try the calibration procedure again. If the issue
continues contact ACSS Field Service for help in resolving the issue prior to
removing the unit for repair.

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Panel Mount

Figure 2-52: Maintenance Screens

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Remote Mount

OPERATION - REMOTE MOUNT

INTRODUCTION
Operational control of the Remote Mount Lynx NGT-9000R is accomplished with
a CP-2500 Control Panel or a compatible control panel. This chapter describes
the operation of the CP-2500 interfaced to the Lynx NGT-9000R. Other control
panel interfaces are described by the respective pilot’s guide. Details on the
optional cockpit switches and indicator lamps are provided in Chapter 4.
POWER ON
1. There is no power on/off switch for the Remote Mount Lynx NGT- 9000R.
Depending on the aircraft, use either the battery switch or avionics master switch
to apply power. Normal operation begins within 20 seconds of applying power.
During start up, the unit checks for valid configuration data and initializes self-
tests.
2. If not already accomplished, press the small knob button to apply power to the
CP-2500 Control Panel.
3. The Lynx NGT-9000 GPS begins acquiring position.
a. After power is applied to the CP-2500 and the self-test passes, the CP-
2500 briefly displays “OK” (or a status message is seen). Followed by the
scrolling of the firmware and hardware levels of the CP-2500
(approximately 15 seconds). The CP- 2500 then reverts to normal
operation. The message “GPS- INIT” will be shown for approximately until
a GPS position is acquired.
• If an ADS-B System Fail is displayed after approximately 2
minutes, then the GPS position was not acquired. Verify that
the aircraft (and GPS antenna) have a clear view of the sky. If
the problem continues.
b. If installed the ADS-B Out Fail lamp is Off for 2 minutes and then flashes
(1 second On/Off) indefinitely until a GPS position is acquired. Normally,
GPS acquisition occurs within the first minute and therefore no lamp
flashing occurs.

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Remote Mount

4. If using the Wi-Fi function, activate the PED and flight application. Check that
traffic and weather are operating properly. Based on available ADS-B service,
weather data and traffic may not be seen.
NOTE: NEXRAD updates are only transmitted every 5 minutes, and CONUS
information every 15 minutes.
5. If the optional traffic and weather displays are ON (and functioning), check
display status. Based on available ADS-B service, weather data and traffic may
not be seen.
NOTE: Some traffic displays may show “DATA-FAIL” until the GPS signal is
acquired.
CP-2500 CONTROL PANEL
The display of the CP-2500 shows the operational mode on the left side of the
display and the squawk code on the right side of the display as shown in Figure
3-1.
The CP-2500 has the following standard functions: set operation mode, set
squawk code, and view current pressure altitude. The following optional
functions are part of the configuration options set during installation of the Lynx
NGT-9000R: set a flight ID mode, Traffic functions, and TAWS functions.
In addition pressing the I button activates the IDENT, pressing the V button
changes the squawk code to a preset VFR code, and pressing the M button
provides access to the following functions: Info, set the VFR Code, maintenance,
TAWS inhibit (TAWS configured), TAWS obstacle inhibit (TAWS configured), TAS
or TCAS mode (TAS or TCAS configured and on ground only). Details are
provided below.
NOTES:
1. Refer to CP-2500 Pilot’s Guide (0040-17250-01) for additional
operational information.
2. The optional Flight ID function is available on the CP- 2500 if the Flight
ID is configured via the DCM settings during installation of the Lynx
NGT-9000R.

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Remote Mount

Figure 3-1: Example of CP-2500

Power Off
To remove power to the CP-2500, press and hold the small knob button until the
message “Power Down” is shown on the display. (Note - This does not remove
power to the Lynx NGT-9000R.)
Enter the Squawk Code
1. Rotate the large knob to select the squawk page.
2. Press the small knob. Observe that the left most digit blinks.
3. Rotate the small knob to change the number, rotate the large knob to select the
next digit. Repeat until all digits are changed.
4. Press the small knob or allow the screen to time out to commit the change.
NOTE: The four digit squawk code may be missing from the “Alt” and “On” screen
of the CP-2500 (code appears OK in “SBY” mode) if the NGT-9000R has a system
message, a system failure, or if the GPS signal is missing for greater than 2
minutes.

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Remote Mount

Set Operational Mode

Rotate the small knob to set the operation mode to Altitude (Alt), On, or Standby
(SBY). The Altitude mode is always selected unless Air Traffic Control (ATC)
requests a change or if there is a known problem with the control panel or NGT-
9000.
View Pressure Altitude
1. Rotate the large knob until the “Altitude” is shown.
2. Rotate the large knob to return to normal operation or screen will time out within
10 seconds.
NOTE: INVLD PA is shown if no pressure altitude source is available from the
aircraft. In some installations, it may take 2-3 minutes after power on to receive
valid pressure altitude from the encoder.
Set Flight ID
The flight ID function is optional and is part of the configuration options set during
installation of the NGT-9000.
1. Rotate the large knob to select ID.
2. Press the small knob to select the first digit.
3. Rotate the small knob to change the digit (CCW) or character (CW).
4. Rotate the large knob to move the cursor to the next digit.
5. Press the small knob to commit.
Deactivate the Flight ID
1. Rotate the large knob CW to move the cursor off the right side of the display.
2. Continue rotating unit only dashes fill the display.
3. Press the small knob to commit.
IDENT Activation
The use of this button is directed by Air Traffic Control (ATC).
1. Press the I (IDT) button. See Figure 2-10.
2. The IDENT message is sent by the ADS-B unit for 18 sec.
3. Observe that IDENT is momentarily (or for 18 sec. for Release 2.1 and after)
displayed.

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Remote Mount

VFR Code Select

Press the V (VFR) button to set the squawk code to a programmed VFR code
that preset in the menu (see VFR code below).
• Typically, the VFR code is set to 1200 (in the United States).
• Press the button again returns the code to the previous squawk code.
Set VFR Code
The VFR code can be changed from the default (always set to 1200 in the United
States).
1. Press the M (Menu) button.
2. Rotate the large knob to scroll the menu to VFR
3. Press the small knob to select the first digit.
4. Rotate the small knob to set the number.
5. Rotate the large knob to move the cursor to the next digit (4 total).
6. Press the small knob when done.
View Info
Available on ground only.
1. Press the M (Menu) button.
2. Rotate the large knob to scroll the menu to Info
3. Press the small knob button to select.
4. The Info menu option shows the following information about the unit:
5. Status (OK or FAIL)
6. Hardware (HW Rev) configuration
7. Firmware (FW Rev) configuration
8. Rotate the large knob to scroll through the information.
9. Scroll to “Done” and press the small knob to exit.
10. Press the M button to exit back to normal operation.
Traffic Advisory Aural Acknowledge and Reply
This function is a configuration option.
1. When a Traffic advisory is heard press the small knob button to acknowledge the
audio alert and silence the current audio message.

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Remote Mount

2. Press the small knob button again to replay the traffic advisory if still available.
NOTES:
1. The “TRAFFIC” message must be displayed when the button is pressed
to acknowledge or replay the aural.
2. Some aircraft may be equipped with a yoke or panel mounted
acknowledge button that will silence the current audio message only.
Enable On Ground TAS/TCAS Operation
This function is a configuration option. In the air, TAS/TCAS is always active.
The TAS/TCAS On Ground Setting is available only when the aircraft status is
“On Ground”. After takeoff, it is canceled and must be reactivated.
1. Press the M (Menu) button.
2. Rotate the large knob to scroll the menu to “TRAF”.
3. Press the small knob button to select.
4. Rotate the small knob to set the TAS/TCAS mode to “Standby” or “Operating”.
5. Press the small knob when done.
6. The message “TAS OPR” or “TCAS OPR” shown when TAS/ TCAS is operating
while on ground.
TAWS Alert Aural Acknowledge
This function is a configuration option.
When a TAWS alert is heard and the messages “PULL UP” or “TERRAIN” are
shown on the CP-2500 display or indicator lamps (if installed). Press the small
knob button to acknowledge the audio alert and silence the current audio
message.
NOTE: Some aircraft may be equipped with a yoke or panel mounted
acknowledge button that performs the same function.
Inhibit TAWS Alert Message
This function is a configuration option. The TAWS option default setting is
“Enable”.
1. Press the M (Menu) button.
2. Rotate the large knob to scroll the menu to TAWS
3. Press the small knob button to select.
4. Rotate the small knob to set the TAWS mode to Enabled or Inhibited
5. Press the small knob when done.

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Remote Mount

• Inhibiting TAWS stops TAWS visual alerts from being displayed on the CP-
2500 and stops TAWS aural alerts from occurring.
• The message “TAWS INH” is shown on the display while the TAWS option
is inhibited.
WARNING:
WARNING Valid alert conditions that put the aircraft in danger
may be missed if all terrain alerts are in inhibited.
Inhibit TAWS Obstacles
The TAWS Obstacle option default setting is “Enabled”.
1. Press the M (Menu) button.
2. Rotate the large knob to scroll the menu to Obstacle
3. Press the small knob button to select.
4. Rotate the small knob to set the TAWS Obstacle mode to Enabled or Inhibited
5. Press the small knob when done.
• Inhibiting TAWS Obstacles results in TAWS not including obstacles as part
of the alert detection.
• The message “OBST INH” is shown on the display while the obstacle
option is inhibited.
Activate Maintenance Self-Test
The maintenance item is available only when the aircraft is on ground. The
procedures and the results are slightly different depending on model, version,
and releases. Each of the procedures are described below.
The Self-Test for the NGT-9000R has evolved with the Releases. The self-test
have been separated into the following paragraphs.
NGT-9000R (Release 1.2)
1. Press the M (Menu) button.
2. Rotate the large knob to scroll the menu to Maintenance.
3. Press small knob to view status “Self-Test” “Disable”.
4. Turn the small knob to change status to “Enable”.
5. Press the small knob again to activate self-test.
6. When activated, the screen momentarily displays “Test Started”
7. The results of the test are that during the test three targets are shown on the
optional Traffic or PED display and the ADS-B Out Fail lamp (if installed) flashes
during the test.

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Remote Mount

The results shown on the display can be test passed “Tst Pass” or test failed
•
“Tst Fail”.
8. Press the M button to exit or scroll the large knob to “Done” and then press small
knob to exit and return to normal operation.
NGT-9000R (Release 2.0 & 2.1)
1. Press the M (Menu) button.
2. Rotate the large knob to scroll the menu to Maintenance.
3. Press small knob to enter “Self Tst”.
4. Press the small knob again to activate self-test.
5. When activated, the screen momentarily displays “Test Started” followed by “Test
In Progress”.
• If the optional traffic or PED display is installed, each will show three
targets during the test.
• If the optional ADS-B Out Fail is installed it will be ON for 10 seconds
during the test.
6. The results shown on the display (and over audio) can be test passed “Tst Pass”,
test failed “Tst Fail”, or test degraded “Test Degraded”.
• If a failure is detected a fail message is flashed on the CP-2500 screen for
5 seconds. The possible fail messages are:
− NO LRU RESPONSE
− XPDR FAIL
− ADS-B OUT FAIL
− ADS-B IN FAIL
− FIS-B FAIL
− GPS FAIL
− TAS FAIL
− TAWS FAIL
• If a degraded condition is detected a degraded message is flashed on the
CP-2500 screen for 5 seconds. The possible degraded messages are:
− ADS-B OUT DEGRADED
− TAS DEGRADED
− GPS INIT
− CONFIG MODULE - SERVICE SOON

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Remote Mount

NGT-9000R (Release 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 4.0)

1. Press the M (Menu) button.
2. Rotate the large knob to scroll the menu to Maintenance.
3. Press small knob to enter “Self Tst”.
4. Press the small knob again to activate self-test.
5. When activated, the screen momentarily displays “Test Started” followed by “Test
In Progress”.
• If the optional traffic or PED display is installed, each will show three
targets during the test.
• If the optional ADS-B Out Fail is installed it will be ON for 10 seconds
during the test.
6. The results shown on the display (and over audio) can be test passed “Tst Pass”,
test failed “Tst Fail”, or test degraded “Test Degraded”.
• If a failure is detected a fail message is flashed on the CP-2500 screen for
5 seconds. The possible fail messages are:
− NO LRU RESPONSE
− XPDR FAIL
− ADS-B OUT FAIL
− ADS-B IN FAIL
− FIS-B FAIL
− GPS FAIL
− TAS FAIL
− TCAS Fail
− TAWS FAIL
• If a degraded condition is detected a degraded message is flashed on the
CP-2500 screen for 5 seconds. The possible degraded messages are:
− ADS-B OUT DEGRADED
− TAS DEGRADED
− TCAS DEGRADED
− GPS INIT
− CONFIG MODULE - SERVICE SOON

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Remote Mount

Display Messages
Messages are either received from the NGT-9000R or being annunciated from
the CP-2500. Messages have priority over normal display operation and are
seen scrolling across the display. Entering the menu mode will stop the
messaging until the menu mode is exited.
Rotating the large knob scrolls through the prioritized messages and the normal
display operation (showing operational mode and squawk code). The display
begins showing the highest priority message again after 10 seconds of no
activity. The priority of the messages is discussed in the CP-2500 product
manuals.
The messages have evolved with the model and software releases. The
following messages are listed from highest to lowest priority.
NGT-9000R Release 1.2
• NO LRU RESPONSE: The CP-2500 has detected loss of communication
with the NGT-9000R. This is a CP-2500 message that was incorporated
in Firmware 15 and later.
• TAS FAIL: The TAS function has failed.
• XPNDR FAIL: The transponder function of the NGT-9000R has failed.
• ADS-B OUT FAIL: The ADS-B out is not being transmitted by the NGT-
9000R due to the GPS position not being available for more than 2 minutes
or possibly a failure of the NGT-9000R.
• GPS FAIL: The GPS derived position input is not functioning.
• IDENT: The IDENT message is being sent by the NGT-9000R to Air Traffic
Control (ATC) (CP-2500 message).
• GPS INIT: GPS Initialization –The GPS contained within the NGT- 9000R
is not ready. This message is removed after the GPS completes
initialization.
• NO ADS-B COVERAGE: This message is removed once the NGT- 900R
begins receiving an ADS-B ground station signal.
• GND MODE: Unit is in ground test mode.

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Remote Mount

NGT-9000R Release 2.0 & 2.1

• NO LRU RESPONSE: The CP-2500 has detected loss of communication
with the NGT-9000R. This is a CP-2500 message that was incorporated
in Firmware 15 and later.
• GPS FAIL (Priority On Ground): The GPS derived position input is not
functioning.
• GPS INIT (Priority On Ground): GPS Initialization –The GPS contained
within the NGT-9000R is not ready. This message is removed after the
GPS completes initialization.
• PULL UP: This is a TAWS Warning Alert that is accompanied by an aural
announcement.
• TERRAIN: This is a TAWS Caution Alert that is accompanied by an aural
announcement.
• TRAFFIC: This is a TAS or ATAS Traffic Advisory that is accompanied by
an aural announcement.
• GND MODE: Unit is in ground test mode.
• STANDBY: The STANDBY message is seen only when the transponder is
in Standby Mode. (Release 2.1 and after, CP-2500 Firmware 15 and after.)
• IDENT: The IDENT message is being sent by the NGT-9000R to Air Traffic
Control (ATC). (Release 2.1 and after, CP-2500 Firmware 15 and after)
(CP-2500 message.)
• TAWS FAIL: The TAWS function has failed.
• TAWS UNAVAILABLE: The TAWS function is unavailable due to not having
a GPS position solution of sufficient quality.
• TAS FAIL: The TAS function has failed.
• ADS-B IN FAIL: The ADS-B In and ATAS functions have failed.
• ADS-B IN UNAVAIL - POS: The ADS-B In and ATAS functions are
unavailable due to not having a GPS position solution of sufficient quality.
• XPDR FAIL: The transponder function has failed.

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Remote Mount

NGT-9000R Release 2.0 & 2.1 continued

• ADS-B OUT FAIL: The ADS-B out is not being transmitted by the NGT-
9000R due to the GPS position not being available for more than 2-
minutes or possibly a failure of the NGT-9000R.
• TAWS INH: The TAWS function is currently inhibited.
• OBST INH: The TAWS function is not alerting on obstacles.
• TAS DEGRADED: The TAS function is operating in a degraded condition.
• ADS-B OUT DEGRADED: The ADS-B out function is operating in a
degraded condition.
• GPS FAIL (Priority in air): The GPS derived position input is not
functioning.
• GPS INIT (Priority in air): GPS Initialization –The GPS contained within the
NGT-9000R is not ready. This message is removed after the GPS
completes initialization.
• NO ADS-B COVERAGE: This message is removed once the NGT- 900R
begins receiving an ADS-B ground station signal.
• FIS-B FAIL: The FIS-B function has failed.
• TAS OPR: TAS is operating while the aircraft is on ground.
• CONFIG MODULE - SERVICE SOON: Indicates a problem being
detected with the configuration module.

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Remote Mount

NGT-9000R Release 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 4.0

• NO LRU RESPONSE: The CP-2500 has detected loss of communication
with the NGT-9000R. This is a CP-2500 message that was incorporated
in Firmware 15 and later.
• GPS FAIL (Priority On Ground): The GPS derived position input is not
functioning.
• GPS INIT (Priority On Ground): GPS Initialization –The GPS contained
within the NGT-9000R is not ready. This message is removed after the
GPS completes initialization.
• PULL UP: This is a TAWS Warning Alert that is accompanied by an aural
announcement.
• TERRAIN: This is a TAWS Caution Alert that is accompanied by an aural
announcement.
• TRAFFIC: This is a TAS/TCAS or ATAS Traffic Advisory that is
accompanied by an aural announcement.
• GND MODE: Unit is in ground test mode.
• STANDBY: The STANDBY message is seen only when the transponder is
in Standby Mode. (CP-2500 Firmware 15 and after.)
• IDENT: The IDENT message is being sent by the NGT-9000R to Air Traffic
Control (ATC). (CP-2500 Firmware 15 and after) (CP-2500 message.)
• TAWS FAIL: The TAWS function has failed.
• TAWS UNAVAILABLE: The TAWS function is unavailable due to not having
a GPS position solution of sufficient quality.
• TAS FAIL: The TAS function has failed.
• TCAS FAIL: The TCAS function has failed.
• ADS-B IN FAIL: The ADS-B In and ATAS functions have failed.
• ADS-B IN UNAVAIL - POS: This message is removed when both sufficient
track/heading information is received. If no heading source is installed, the
track angle is not considered valid unless a speed of 7 knots is present and
a GPS position solution of sufficient quality begins to be received.
• XPDR FAIL: The transponder function has failed.

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Operation – Remote Mount

NGT-9000R Release 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 4.0 Continued

• ADS-B OUT FAIL: The ADS-B out is not being transmitted by the NGT-
9000R due to the GPS position not being available for more than 2 minutes
or possibly a failure of the NGT-9000R.
• TAWS INH: The TAWS function is currently inhibited.
• OBST INH: The TAWS function is not alerting on obstacles.
• TAS DEGRADED: The TAS function is operating in a degraded condition.
• TCAS DEGRADED: The TCAS function is operating in a degraded
condition.
• ADS-B OUT DEGRADED: The ADS-B out function is operating in a
degraded condition.
• GPS FAIL (Priority in air): The GPS derived position input is not
functioning.
• GPS INIT (Priority in air): GPS Initialization –The GPS contained within the
NGT-9000R is not ready. This message is removed after the GPS
completes initialization.
• NO ADS-B COVERAGE: This message is removed once the NGT- 900R
begins receiving an ADS-B ground station signal.
• FIS-B FAIL: The FIS-B function has failed.
• TAS OPR: TAS is operating while the aircraft is on ground.
• TCAS OPR: TCAS is operating while the aircraft is on ground.
• CONFIG MODULE - SERVICE SOON: Indicates a problem being
detected with the configuration module.

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Controls and Indicators

CONTROLS AND INDICATORS

INTRODUCTION
This chapter provides details on switches, indicators, and other devices that
could be interfaced to the panel and remote mounted Lynx NGT-9000.
COCKPIT SWITCHES
Cockpit switches are optional and may not be a part of the aircraft installation.
IDENT
This switch activates SPI and transmits an ident pulse. An ident pulse highlights
the aircraft’s symbol on the ATC’s radar screen and is identified on the panel
mount Lynx NGT-9000 screen when active.
Audio Acknowledge
With Release 2.0 and after, this button cancels the current aural alert.
Transponder Standby Mode
With Release 2.1 and after, this switch will place the NGT-9000 Transponder
into Standby. The mode will be indicated on the display and will cause the lower
three buttons (Mode, Squawk, and IDENT) to be removed. The squawk code
can edit screen is still available by tapping the squawk code text.
Traffic Standby mode
With Release 4.0 and after, when the Transponder function is disabled, this
switch will place the NGT-9000 Traffic function into Standby. “TRAFFIC
UNAVAILABLE” indication will be indicated on the Panel Mount display. For a
Remote Mount unit, all traffic will be removed on displays. If a CDTI display is
configured, “TCAS Standby” or “TCAS Fail” messages may be displayed.
Self-Test
With Release 4.0 and after, the optional self-test switch can be used to initiate
system self-test when the NGT-9000 is on-ground. After a self-test is completed,
the NGT-9000 will automatically exit self-test mode if the switch remains in the
active position (ground).

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Controls and Indicators

INDICATOR LAMPS
Indicator lamps are optional and may not be a part of the aircraft installation.
Lamps are generally needed when the display is not within the pilot’s primary field
of vision.
Traffic Advisory
The Traffic Alert lamp (amber) illuminates when:
• TAS, TCAS, or ATAS is enabled and there is a Traffic Advisory condition
(only possible when TAS is activated).
• TAS or TCAS is enabled and Self-test is active, the lamp will be “ON” for
approximately 8-10 seconds.
• With Release 2.0 and after, the ATAS is enabled and there is a traffic
advisory condition (ATAS uses ADS-B In traffic data).
TAWS Caution
The TAWS Caution lamp (amber) illuminates when:
• A terrain caution advisory is present.
• A Self-test is active; the lamp will be “ON” for approximately 8-10 seconds.
TAWS Warning
The TAWS Warning lamp (red) illuminates when:
• A terrain warning advisory is present.
• A Self-test is active; the lamp will be “ON” for approximately 8-10 seconds.
ADS-B Out Fail
The ADS-B Out Fail lamp primarily indicates when the Lynx NGT-9000 is not
providing ADS-B output data. The lamp may be illuminated (ON) for any of the
following reasons:
1. When Lynx NGT-9000 is not powered, lamp defaults to “ON”.
2. When the aircraft is On-Ground and the self-test is run, the lamp is “ON” for
approximately. 8-10 seconds.
3. Aircraft On-Ground startup the lamp is “ON” initially until the Lynx NGT-9000 has
started and is operational after which the lamp will extinguish.

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Controls and Indicators

4. When the GPS has “failed”, the lamp is “ON”. GPS failures happen when:
a. The Lynx NGT-9000 internal GPS or external GPS indicates a failure.
b. Aircraft is On-Ground and the GPS has acquired position, but the signal is
lost for more than 2 minutes.
c. Aircraft is In-Air and the GPS has not acquired position within 2 minutes
(either startup or had position and lost it).
5. The lamp begins to flash for the following reasons:
a. Aircraft On-Ground, there is a 2-minute “quiet period” when the GPS is
expected to acquire position. After 2 minutes, the lamp will flash indefinitely
while the GPS has never acquired, but is not failed.
b. Aircraft In-Air, at startup or if GPS had position and then lost it, then the
lamp will flash for 2 minutes while trying to acquire position, then become
failed (see 4c above).
ALTERNATE DISPLAYS
An alternate display may be interfaced to the Lynx NGT-9000, but care must be
taken to insure that there is not a conflict of input commands. Use the following
guidelines when using an alternate display:
• Refer to the operations manual for the alternate display for instructions.
• Check with a L3 APD dealer or with ACSS for a current list of compatible
alternate displays.
• Lynx NGT-9000 can provide Traffic (ADS-B, TAS, and TCAS) via ARINC
429 and Traffic/FIS-B Weather via RS-422.
• Some alternate displays have the same display ranges as the LynxNGT-
9000, while others generate their own display ranges.
Traffic Display
The look of traffic screens on alternate display may vary. Details on alternate
display symbology is shown below. Displays using conventional ARINC 735 TIF
traffic will only depict TA, Proximate and other traffic. Displays using the new
ARINC 735B DTIF traffic can depict all the listed traffic symbols noted below.

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Controls and Indicators

Other Traffic Symbol

On alternate displays the Other Traffic (OT) symbol represents an intruder
aircraft that has been detected within the selected display range and vertical
display mode, but which has not generated a TA or a PA. The symbol is white or
cyan on color alternate displays.
On some alternate displays, OT symbols disappear when a TA occurs, and
reappear (if still in range) once the TA goes away. Some alternate displays can
also have options set to filter out all OT symbols.
Proximity Advisory Symbol
The Proximity Advisory (PA) represents an intruder aircraft that has not
generated a TA, but which is within a horizontal range of 4 nmi and a relative
altitude of ±1200 ft. The symbol is white or cyan on color alternate displays.
Ownship Symbol
This symbol (cyan or white on color alternate displays) represents the aircraft’s
relative position and heading.
Off-Scale Traffic Advisory (TA)
This function is limited to Lynx NGT-9000 with TAS, TCAS, or ATAS enabled.
The Off-Scale Traffic Advisory symbol (amber on color alternate displays)
represents a TA that has been detected beyond the current display range. The
symbol is displayed at a position along the outer range ring that indicates the
relative bearing of the intruder aircraft. On an alternate display, a text message
such as “OS” or “OFFSCALE” may be used to indicate the presence of an off-
scale TA.
Indicators
The following data is output from the Lynx NGT-9000 and may be shown on the
alternate display:
• Internal GPS Position
• Maintenance Required
• Ident message
• Message Counts
• Seconds Since 0000 UTC

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Controls and Indicators

Weather Display
Compatible weather displays (Wx) can interface with the Lynx NGT- 9000 to
provide Flight Information Service Broadcast (FIS-B) weather information using
the ADS-B In link. FIS-B service is available only from a ground station that is in
range. Screen information and controls may be different for each of the
compatible displays. Refer to the displays operations manual for details on
operation and a description of how the weather is depicted.
Compatible Control Panel
A compatible control panel must be able to support the same functions provided
by the CP-2500. Refer to the control panel operations manual for details on
operation.
Wi-Fi Interface
The Lynx NGT-9000 provides the following report messages to the Personal
Electronic Device (PED) via RS-232:
• Ownship Report
• Traffic Report
• Weather Report
The PED requires applications that support the data. Examples of supported
Applications are ForeFlight, FTPL-GO, Sky Radar and Wing X Pro. Check with
the ACSS web site for latest updates.

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Controls and Indicators

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Pilot’s Guide 4-6

Lynx ® NGT-9000 Troubleshooting

TROUBLESHOOTING
INTRODUCTION
This chapter describes potential conditions that could occur while using the Lynx
NGT-9000 MultiLink Surveillance System.
Installations using a display for traffic or weather should also refer to that
products Pilot’s Guide for troubleshooting information.
It is recommended to crosscheck other cockpit displays/instruments for errors
and/or data inconsistency. Operation of indicator lamps is provided in Chapter
3.
Conditions may correct themselves, but power cycle may be required. If problems
persist, contact an L3 APS authorized service center or ACSS Field Service at
(623) 445-7070 noting symptoms, error messages, and flight conditions.
GENERAL DISPLAY CONDITIONS
The indications listed in Table 5-1 are shown on the display during normal
operation. This information is also included in the operation section and is
included here for convenience.
Table 5-1: General Display Conditions for the Panel Mount Lynx NGT-9000

INDICATION DESCRIPTION
Pressure Altitude digits Invalid Pressure Altitude
replaced with amber dashes.
ON-GND Transponder is operating in the on- ground
mode.
Traffic Failed Displayed if both ADS-B, TAS, or TCAS have
(Amber text) failed.

XPDR Failed (Amber text) Transponder data is invalid. This indication is

shown on the transponder screen and alternate
traffic screen.

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Troubleshooting

Table 5-1: General Display Conditions for the Panel Mount Lynx NGT-9000

INDICATION DESCRIPTION
Traffic Unavailable • ADS-B is operational but heading and track
(Amber text) are invalid.
• GPS is failed.
• TAS is in Standby.
• TCAS is in Standby.
• Transponder Mode Control is “ON” which
inhibits the display of relative altitude so
traffic is unavailable.
• Traffic Standby switch is set to Standby
TAS STBY A traffic mode indicator that is shown when the
(Models with TAS only) Traffic Awareness (TAS) system is in standby.

TAS ONLY A traffic mode indicator that is shown when TAS

(Models with TAS only) is in operation, but ADS-B is unavailable.

TCAS STBY A traffic mode indicator that is shown when the

(Models with TCAS only) Traffic Awareness (TCAS) system is in
standby.
Release 3.0 and after
TCAS ONLY A traffic mode indicator that is shown when
(Models with TCAS only) TCAS is in operation, but ADS-B is unavailable.
Release 3.0 and after With Release 4.0 and after, TCAS ONLY is
displayed when TCAS is in operation on TCAS-
only installation.
ADS-B ONLY A traffic mode indicator that is shown when
(Models with TAS only) TAS is failed (or not available) and ADS-B is
available.
Initializing The indication is shown on the weather map
(FIS-B application screen).
It continues to be shown until internal
operations have completed.
Map Fail The indication is shown on the weather map
(FIS-B application screen).
It is shown when a fault is detected that
prevents the FIS-B data from showing on the
screen.

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Troubleshooting

Table 5-1: General Display Conditions for the Panel Mount Lynx NGT-9000

INDICATION DESCRIPTION
TRK (Track) Shown on the display only when the system is
configured for heading and indicates that
heading is failed or unavailable.
TAWS Failed (Amber text) The indication is shown when the TAWS
Release 2.0 and after function has failed due to a GPS or database
failure.
TAWS Unavailable (White text) The indication is shown when GPS is not
Release 2.0 and after providing enough data for the TAWS system to
work or terrain data is missing from the
database.
TAWS Initializing (White The indication is shown during startup
text) Release 2.0 and after while the GPS is initializing.
Terrain Display Failed The indication is shown due to a TAWS
(Amber text) software failure. The TAWS audio Alerting
Release 2.0 and after feature is still functional.
Lightning Failed (Amber text) The indication is shown when the Lightning
Release 2.1 and after function has failed due to a fault with the WX-
500 Stormscope.
Lightning Initializing (White The indication is shown during startup while the
text) Release 2.1 and after WX-500 Stormscope is initializing.
Lighting Screen shows “--- Verify “STAB” is set to “ON” (see lightning
” for heading. setting page).

STANDBY This indication is shown on the transponder

Release 2.1 and after screen when the external standby switch is
activated or switched to the alternate
transponder.

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Lynx ® NGT-9000 Troubleshooting

SYSTEM STATUS MESSAGES

This section applies to the panel mount Lynx NGT-9000. The system status
messages are seen on the screen either during start up or when the System
Test button is pressed. The typical meanings of the messages are detailed in
the bullets below.
• A “Fail” message is caused by something internal to the Lynx NGT- 9000.
• An “External Fail” message is caused by a problem with the external
equipment input signals. The unit continues to attempt to acquire the
signal without rebooting. These messages will automatically clear once
communications has been restored to the external equipment.
• A “Degraded” message indicates a function has limited capability due to
an internal failure.
• An “External Degraded” message indicates a function has limited
capability due to an external failure.
• A “Coverage” or “No Signal” message indicates that no signal is being
received from a ground station.
Attempt to clear fail or degraded messages by cycling power to the unit.
If the NGT-9000 is muted by other devices, no audio annunciation is played for
the system status. The system is failed when no audio is annunciated for the
system status.
The Continue button is active whenever a failure or degraded window message
is shown. It may be used to begin normal operation with degraded performance.
The Lynx NGT-9000 continues to operate even if a failure is detected during the
System Test by providing any functionality unaffected by the failures. Secondary
faults are displayed as “Service Unit Soon” as part of the message. (These faults
do not directly impact the operation and function of the Lynx NGT-9000, but are
recorded in the maintenance log).
Tap the MSG button located on the Transponder Application screen to view fail
messages during normal operation. The MSG button blinks when new messages
have been received and have not yet been viewed. When all the faults are
cleared, the MSG button is removed from the screen.

Pilot’s Guide 5-4

Dealer Information

Name
Address
City, State, Zip
Telephone

Equipment Information

Date of Purchase
Installation Date
Model Number
Part Number
Serial Number
Mod Letter
Software Release

Aircraft Information

Aircraft Make
Aircraft Model
Serial Number N
Number

Register this product online at:

http://www.l3aviationproducts.com/warranty-registration/

Pilot’s Guide A-1

 0040-17000-01
Revision N (August 25, 2020)