IFR COMMUNICATIONS

092-01 INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS AND

ORGANISATIONS

092-01-01 Meanings and significance of associated terms

1. Which of the following calls is a GENERAL CALL?

A – YX-DEF Stephenville CONTROL

B – YX-EFG, YX-FGH over
C – ALL STATIONS Stephenville CONTROL
D – YX-ABC, YX-BCD, YX-CDE Stephenville CONTROL

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: C

2. Blind transmission shall be made:

A – On the designated frequency (frequency in use)

B – To all available aeronautical stations
C – On regional guard frequencies only
D – During IFR flights only

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: A

3. What does the word CHECK mean?

A – I understand your message

B – Confirm your last transmission
C – Read back my last instruction
D – Examine a system or procedure

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: D

4. What does the word APPROVED mean?

A – Permission for proposed action granted

B – That is correct
C – Authorized to proceed under the conditions specified
D – I repeat for clarity or emphasis
 Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: A

5. What does the term AIR-GROUND COMMUNICATION mean?

A – One-way communication from stations or locations on the surface of the

earth
B – One-way communication from aircraft to stations or locations on the
surface of the earth
C – Two-way communication between aircraft and stations or locations on the
surface of the earth
D – Any communication from aircraft to ground station requiring handling by
the Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication Network (AFTN)

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: C

6. What does the phrase BREAK BREAK mean?

A – The exchange of transmissions is ended and no response is expected

B – It indicates the separation between portions of a message transmitted to
an aircraft station
C – It indicates the separation between messages transmitted to different
aircraft in a very busy environment
D – My transmission is ended and I expect a response from you

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: C

7. What does the term CLEARANCE LIMIT mean:

A – The time after which an air traffic control clearance will be automatically
cancelled if the flight has not been commenced
B – The time of expiry of an air traffic control clearance
C – The time at which an aircraft is given an air traffic control clearance
D – The point to which an aircraft is granted an air traffic control clearance

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: D
8. What does SELCAL mean?

A – A system in which radiotelephony communication between two stations

can take place in both directions simultaneously
B – A system in which radiotelephony communication can be established
between aircraft only
 C – A system which permits the selective calling of individual aircraft over
radiotelephone channels linking a ground station with the aircraft
D – A system provided for direct exchange of information between air traffic
services (ATS) units

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: C

9. When flying in accordance with IFR, which of the following best describes the
term VISUAL APPROACH?

A – An approach by an IFR flight when either part or all of an instrument

approach procedure is not completed and the approach is executed in
visual reference to terrain
B – An approach executed by an IFR flight unable to maintain VMC
C – A visual manoeuvre executed by an IFR flight when the weather
conditions at the aerodrome of destination are equal to or better than
required VMC minima
D – An extension of an instrument approach procedure to bring an aircraft into
position for landing on a runway which is not suitably located for straight-
in-approach

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: A

10. What does the word CONTACT mean?

A – That is correct
B – Radar contact established
C – Listen out on (frequency)
D – Establish radio contact with ….

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: D

11. What does the word CORRECT mean?

A – That is correct
B – An error has been made in this transmission. The correct version is…
C – Permission for proposed action not granted
D – Negative, the correct version is ….

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: A

12. What does the term EXPECTED APPROACH TIME mean:

 A – The time at which ATC expects that an arriving aircraft, following a
delay, will leave the holding point to complete its approach for a landing
B – The holding time over the radio facility from which the instrument
approach procedure for a landing will be initiated
C – The time at which an arriving aircraft expects to arrive over the
appropriate designated navigation aid serving the destination aerodrome
D – The time at which an arriving aircraft, upon reaching the radio aid serving
the destination aerodrome, will commence the instrument approach
procedure for a landing

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: A

13. What does the word RECLEARED mean?

A – Consider that transmission as not sent

B – Permission for proposed action granted
C – An error has been made in my last transmission
D – A change has been made to your last clearance

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: D

14. What does the word REPORT mean?

A – Say again
B – Repeat all of this message back to me exactly as received
C – Pass me the following information
D – Examine a system or procedure

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: C
15. What does the phrase VERIFY mean?

A – Read back VDF bearing

B – Repeat your last transmission
C – Check and confirm with originator
D – Consider that transmission as not sent

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: C

16. What does the word DISREGARD mean?

A – Consider that transmission as not sent

 B – An error has been made in this transmission
C – Annul the previously transmitted clearance
D – Wait and I will call you

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: A

17. What does the word ACKNOWLEDGE mean?

A – Let me know that you have received and understood this message
B – Pass me the following information
C – Repeat all of this message back to me exactly as received
D – Repeat all of your last transmission

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: A

18. What does the term BROADCAST mean?

A – A transmission where no reply is required from the receiving station

B – A radiotelephony transmission from ground station to aircraft in flight
C – A transmission of information relating to air navigation that is not
addressed to a specific station or stations
D – A transmission containing meteorological and operational information to
aircraft engaged in flights over remote and oceanic areas out of range of
VHF ground stations.

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: C

19. Which word or phrase shall be used in order to repeat for clarity or emphasis?

A – I say again
B – Confirm
C – Read back
D – Verify

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: A

20. The SELCAL system:

A – allows two way VHF data transmission between ATC and aircraft
 B – allows two way data transmission between operator and aircraft
C – allows the aircraft to be contacted on VHF and HF frequencies that are not
being monitored by the flight crew
D – allows satellite communication

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: C

21. Which of the following are radar services?

(i) Radar Control

(ii) Radar Advisory
(iii) Flight Information Service
(iv) Approach Control
(v) An SRA
(vi) A PAR
(vii) A QGH
(viii) An ILS

A – All are
B – (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (viii)
C – (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi)
D – (i) (ii) (iv) (v) (vi)

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: D
22. A Flight Level is:

A – a height above 3000 ft

B – a surface of constant atmospheric pressure related to a datum of 1013.2
Hpa
C – a surface of varying atmospheric pressure related to a datum of 1013.2
Hpa
D – an altitude of constant height related to 1013.2 Hpa

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: B

23. The abbreviation HN means he facility described operates:

A – between sunrise and sunset

B – 24 hours a day
C – by prior Notification
D – between sunset and sunrise

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

 Ans: D

24. A “FINAL” call is made when the aircraft turns on to final approach within
____ from the landing threshold:

A – 8 nm
B – 8 km
C – between 4 nm and 8 nm
D – 4 nm

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: D

092-01-02 Air Traffic Control abbreviations

1. What does the abbreviation SAR mean?

A – Surveillance airport radar

B – Search and rescue
C – Standard arrival route
D – Secondary altimeter responder

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: B

2. An Automatic Terminal Information Service provides:

A – An Automatic Terminal Information Service provides:

A – Information concerning en-route weather phenomena which may effect

the safety of aircraft operation
B – Routine information to arriving and departing aircraft by means of
continuous and repetitive broadcast
C – Current meteorological and operational information essential for the safety
of the air navigation within a FIR
D – Weather reports relating a specific number of aerodromes located within a
flight information region (FIR)

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: B

3. What does the abbreviation ATIS mean?

A – Air traffic information service

B – Airport terminal information service
C – Aircraft terminal information service
D – Automatic terminal information service
 Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: D

4. What does the abbreviation RVR mean?

A – Runway visibility report

B – Runway visual range
C – Radar vectors requested
D – Recleared via route……

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: B

5. What does the abbreviation SSR mean?

A – Standard snow report

B – Search and surveillance radar
C – Surface strength of runway
D – Secondary surveillance radar

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: D

6. What does the abbreviation IMC mean?

A – In most cases
B – Instrument meteorological conditions
C – International meteorological channel
D – In meteorological conditions

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: B

7. What does the abbreviation H24 mean?

A – Sunset to sunrise
B – Sunrise to sunset
C – Continuous day and night service
D – No specific working hours

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: C

8. What does the abbreviation INS mean?

 A – Instrument navigation system
B – Inertial navigation system
C – International NOTAM system
D – International navigation service

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: B

9. What does the term WAY POINT mean?

A – A general term meaning the taxiway-and the runway-system of an

international airport
B – A defined position on an aerodrome used for the calibration of the inertial
navigation system
C – A signal indicating the direction of the runway-in-use
D – A specified geographical position used to define an area navigation route
or the flight path of an aircraft employing area navigation

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: D

10. What does the abbreviation AIS mean?

A – Airport information system

B – Aerodrome identification signal-area
C – Aeronautical information service
D – Aerodrome information service

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: C

11. What does the abbreviation MLS mean?

A – Microwave landing system

B – Minimum safe level
C – Radar aided navigation
D – Radio navigation

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: A

12. What does the abbreviation RNAV mean:

A – Area navigation
B – Route navigation
 C – Radar aided navigation
D – Radio navigation

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: A

13. An air traffic radar service in which the controller will inform the pilot of the
bearing, distance and, if known, the level of conflicting traffic, but in which
no avoiding action is given is known as a:

A – RAS
B – RIS
C – FIS
D – RS

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: B

14. What is SSR an abbreviation of?

A – Stationary Surveillance Radar

B – Sector Surveillance Radar
C – Secondary Sector Radar
D – Secondary Surveillance Radar

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: D

15. The abbreviation MLS is a shortened form of:

A – Military Light Signals

B – Mandatory Landing System
C – Military Landing System
D – Microwave Landing System

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: D
16. What does “H24” mean?

A – Operates 24 hours
B – Sunrise to sunset
C – Available 24 hours a day by prior notice only
D – Aircraft handling available 24 hours a day

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

 Ans: A
092-01-03 Q-code groups commonly used in RTF air-ground
communications

1. QNH is the Q-code to indicate:

A – The atmospheric pressure at aerodrome elevation (or at runway threshold)

B – The atmospheric pressure measured at the aerodrome reference point
(ARP)
C – The atmospheric pressure referred to the highest obstacle located on the
surface of an aerodrome
C – The altimeter sub-scale setting to obtain elevation when on the ground

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: D

2. QFE is the RTF Q-code to indicate:

A – The atmospheric pressure corrected to the aircraft cockpit height

B – The altimeter sub-scale setting to obtain the flight level reference datum
C – The atmospheric pressure at aerodrome elevation (or at runway threshold)
D – The atmospheric pressure referred to the highest fixed obstacle located on
the surface of an aerodrome

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: C

3. In relation to Direction Finding a QDM is:

A – A true bearing of the aircraft measured from the VDF station

B – A magnetic bearing of the aircraft measured from the VDF station
C – A true bearing of the aircraft measured to the VDF station
D – A magnetic heading for a pilot to steer to reach the VDF station

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: D

4. The pressure at the aerodrome reduced to sea level with regard to international
standard atmosphere conditions is:

A – QFE
B – QFF
C – QRM
D – QNH

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

 Ans: D

092-01-04 Categories of messages

1. Which of the following statements relating to message categories is correct?

A – The lowest priority message category is Meteorological

B – Urgency has greatest priority over everything except Distress
C – Flight Safety messages have a higher priority than Direction Finding
messages
D – Flight Safety messages have a higher priority than Medical Urgency
messages

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: B

2. The ATC message ‘G-XX, departing aircraft advise moderate turbulence

present below FL50’ is a:

A – Flight Regularity message

B – Meteorological message
C – Flight Safety message
D – Urgency message

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: C
092-02 GENERAL OPERATING PROCEDURES

092-02-01 Transmission of letters

(No questions in this sub-chapter)

092-02-02 Transmission of numbers (including level information)

1. What is the correct way of transmitting the number 118.1 to indicate a

frequency?

A – one one eight decimal one

B – one eighteen one
C – one one eight one
D – one one eight point one

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: A
 092-02-03 Transmission of Time

1. The time is 4:15 pm. What is the correct way of transmitting this time if there
is any possibility of confusion about the hour?

A – Four fifteen in the afternoon

B – One six one five
C – Four fifteen PM
D – Sixteen fifteen

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: B

2. When indications of time are passed on the RT for position reports, ETAs and
EATs RTF operators should employ:

A – GMT
B – LMT
C – UTC
D – EST

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: C

092-02-04 Transmission technique

1. Which elements of a position report cannot be omitted?

A – Aircraft identification, position, time, level

B – Aircraft identification, position, time
C – Aircraft identification, position, level
D – Aircraft identification, position, next position

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: B

2. Before transmitting the pilot should…

A – Make sure that the emergency frequency is tuned in at the same time
B – Listen out on the frequency to ensure no interference with another station
already transmitting will occur
C – Make sure that the aircraft is levelled off
D – Always write the message and read it during the transmission
 Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: B

3. A pilot may file a flight plan with an ATSU during flight. Which air traffic
service should normally be used for this purpose?

A – FIR
B – RADAR
C – APPROACH
D – TOWER

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: A

4. On the first call to an Air Traffic Service Unit a pilot should pass:

A – call-sign, service requested

B – call-sign, aircraft type, position, heading, ETA
C – call-sign, point of departure and current position, heading, level, intention,
type of service required
D – call sign only

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: A

092-02-05 Standard words and phrases (relevant RTF phraseology

included)
1. What does the word CANCEL mean/

A – Wait and I will catch you

B – A change has been made to your last clearance
C – Annul the previously transmitted clearance
D – Consider that transmission as not sent

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: C

2. Which of these phrases is used if you want to communicate that a message:

CONSIDER THAT TRANSMISSION AS NOT SENT:

A – My last transmission is cancelled

B – Cancel my last message
C – Forget it
D – Disregard
 Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: D

3. Which word or phrase shall be used if you want to say: REDUCE YOUR
RATE OF SPEECH?

A – Speak slower
B – Words twice
C – Repeat
D – Say again

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: A

4. To indicate that he is no longer occupying the active runway a pilot shall

report to the controller:

A – Runway vacated
B – Runway cleared
C – Runway free
D – Clear of runway

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: A

5. Which phrase should a pilot use to inform ATC that he is initiating a missed
approach procedure:

A – Going around
B – Missed approach
C – Pulling up
D – Overshooting

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: A

6. Which phrase shall be used if you want to say COMMUNICATION IS

DIFFICULT. PLEASE SEND EVERY WORD OR GROUP OF WORD
TWICE?

A – Words twice
B – Say again, say again
C – Repeat twice
D – Message second time
 Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: A

7. How shall a pilot inform the control tower that he has to abandon the take-off
manoeuvre:

A – Stopping
B – Abandoning take-off
C – Aborting take-off
D – Cancelling take-off

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: A

8. What does the instruction: FASTAIAR 345 STANDBY 118.9 FOR TOWER
mean:

A – Fastair 345 should standby on the current frequency

B – Fastair 345 should change frequency to 118.9 on which aerodrome data
are being broadcast
C – Fastair 345 should contact TOWER on 118.9
D – Fastair 345 should listen on frequency 118.9 on which TOWER will
Initiate further communications

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: D

9. Which phraseology shall a pilot use if he receives an instruction from ATC

which he cannot carry out:

A – Unable to comply
B – Negative instruction
C – Impossible to make it
D – Disregard

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: A

10. Which word or phrase shall be used to indicate that a change has been made to
your last clearance and this new clearance supersedes your previous clearance
or part thereof:

A – Recleared
B – Cleared
C – Approved
D – Break break
 Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: A

11. Which word or phrase shall be used to indicate a separation between portions
of a message?

A – Break
B – Stop
C – I say again
D – Over

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: A

12. Which word shall be used to indicate that an error has been made in a
transmission or message?

A – Correction
B – Correct
C – Negative
D – Disregard

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: A

13. What does the word Monitor mean:

A – Examine a system or procedure

B – Wait and I will call you
C – Establish radio contact with….
D – Listen out on (frequency)

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: D

14. Which word or phrase shall be used when giving authorization to proceed
under specified conditions?

A – Approved
B – Go ahead
C – Cleared
D – I say again : proceed

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: C
15. When an aeronautical station broadcasts information to more than one station,
the call starts with:

A – “Message to all aircraft on this frequency”

B – “Please listen”
C – “All stations”
D – “General broadcast”

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: C

16. The instruction REPORT means:

A – pass me the following information

B – file an ATSU report on landing
C – return to home base
D – read back this clearance

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: A

17. What would you say if you are having trouble with communications and wish
to have everything repeated twice?

A – I say again
B – Words twice
C – Please repeat
D – Speak twice

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: B

18. For clarity or confirmation of a transmission you would use the phrase:

A – Words twice
B – I say again
C – I repeat
D – Encore

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: B

19. Certain RT procedures require messages to be broadcast to all stations using a

particular frequency. Such messages would be preceded with the phrase:

A – All aircraft on frequency

 B – All aircraft
C – Now hear this
D – All stations

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: D

20. The phrase UNDER RADAR CONTROL means:

A – ATC instructions may be obeyed at the pilot’s discretion

B – ATC instructions must be obeyed unless avoiding immediate danger
C – ATC information is advisory
D – ATC will provide information on other traffic but no avoiding action will
be given

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: B

21. The correct way to say “yes” on the RT is:

A – AFFIRMATIVE
B – AFFIRM
C – YES
D – ROGER

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: B

22. Clearances relating to the runway in use shall be read back only if the aircraft
is to:

A – Enter, land on, take off from, cross and backtrack

B – Enter, cross and backtrack
C – Land on and take off from
D – Enter, land on, take off from and backtrack

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: A

23. In addition to aircraft identification, routine position reporting on HF or VHF

must contain:

A – Position, time and height

B – Position, time, next reporting point and ETA
C – Time, level, next reporting point and ETA
D – Position, time, level, next position and ETA
 Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: D
092-02-06 Radiotelephony call signs for aeronautical stations

1. What is the radiotelephony call sign suffix for the aeronautical station
providing radar service (in general)?

A – RADAR
B – CONTROL
C – RADAR-CONTROL
D – RADAR-SERVICE

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: A

2. What is the radiotelephony call sign suffix for the aeronautical station
indicating clearance delivery?

A – CLEARANCE DELIVERY
B – CLEARANCE
C – DELIVERY
D – RADIO

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: C

3. What is the radiotelephony call sign for the aeronautical station indicating
approach control radar departures:

A – RADAR
B – CONTROL
C – DEPARTURE
D – APPROACH

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: C

4. What is the radiotelephony call sign for the aeronautical station indicating
approach control radar arrivals:

A - …ARRIVAL
B - …APPROACH
C - …RADAR
D - …DIRECTOR
 Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: A

5. What is the radiotelephony call sign for the aeronautical station proiding
approach control (no radar service)?

A – RADAR
B – ARRIVAL
C – APPROACH
D – CONTROL

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: C

6. What is the radiotelephony call sign for the aeronautical station indicating area
control centre (no radar):

A – APPROACH
B – CENTRE
C – CONTROL
D – RADAR

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: C

092-02-07 Radiotelephony call signs for aircraft

1. What is the correct call sign of Fastair 345 in the initial call to the aerodrome
control tower and the approach control unit, if the aircraft has a maximum
take-off weight of more than 136 tonnes:

A – Fastair 345
B – Heavy Fastair 345
C – Fastair heavy 345
D – Fastair 345 widebody

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: C

2. What, if any, is the abbreviated call sign of Fastair 2345?

A – No abbreviated form
B – Fastair 345
C – Fastair 45
D – 2345
 Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: A

3. The correct phonetic abbreviation for G-ZULU is:

A – GOLF ZULU
B – GOLF LIME UNIFORM
C – GOLF UNIFORM LIMA UNIFORM
D – LIMA UNIFORM

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: B

4. VIRGIN 1, an aircraft in the HEAVY weight category, should make first

contact with an ATSU as follows:

A – HEAVY VIRGIN 1
B – VIRGIN 1 HEAVY
C – VIRGIN HEAVY 1
D – HEAVY 1

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: B

092-02-08 Transfer of communication

1. When shall an aircraft in the heavy-wake-turbulence category include the

word HEAVY immediately after its call sign eg. Fastair 345 heavy:

A – In the initial call to the aerodrome control tower and the approach control
unit
B – Never
C – In all calls
D – In all calls to the aerodrome tower and the approach control unit

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: A

2. When shall the phrase TAKE-OFF be used by a pilot:

A – Only when the aircraft has already moved onto the active runway
B – Never, it is used only by the control tower
C – To inform TOWER when ready for departure
D – To acknowledge take-off clearance only

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

 Ans: D

3. What is the consequence of a microphone button stuck on transmit (switched

on)?

A – The frequency can not be used by others

B – None
C – Other stations will have to use the WORD TWICE technique
D – Readability will improve for all stations

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: A
092-02-09 Test procedures including readability scale

1. What phrase shall be used when asking for the readability of a transmission?

A – Read you loud and clear

B – Read back
C – Report readability
D – How do you read?

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: D

2. What is meant by the phrase “READABILITY 4”?

A – Readable now and then

B – Readable
C – Perfectly readable
D – Readable but with difficulty

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: B

3. What is meant by the phrase “READABILITY 2”?

A – Readable but with difficulty

B – Readable
C – Unreadable
D – Readable now and then

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: D

4. On the readability scale what does READABILITY 1 mean?

 A – Readable but with difficulty
B – Unreadable
C – Readable
D – Perfectly readable

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: B
5. A transmission given readability scale of 3 is defined as:

A – Readable
B – Readable now and then
C – Perfectly readable
D – Readable but with difficulty

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: D

6. Test transmissions should include the word(s):

A – “Test”
B – “Radio check”
C – “Test transmission”
D – “Testing, testing”

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: B

092-02-10 Read back and acknowledgement requirements

1. Must a general call be acknowledged?

A – Yes, but only from the station first called

B – No
C – Yes, from all stations in the sequence they have been addressed
D – Yes, from all stations in a random sequence

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: B

2. What is the correct way for the pilot to acknowledge that ATIS Information
Golf has been received:

A – Information Golf
B – Weather Golf received
C – We have the Information
 D – We have the ATIS Golf

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: A

3. Fastair 345 has been instructed to contact Stephenville ARRIVAL on

frequency 118.0. What is the correct way to indicate it will follow this
instruction:

A – Changing to ARRIVAL Fastair 345

B – Changing over Fastair 345
C – 118.0 Fastair 345
D – Stephenville ARRIVAL Fastair 345

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: C

4. Which word shall be used to ask a station whether you have correctly received
a message, clearance, instruction, etc?

A – Confirm
B – Correct
C – Acknowledge
D – Verify

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: A

5. During radar vectoring, the controller asks the pilot of XY-ABC to turn on to
heading 360o. The correct read back of this instruction is:

A – A read back is not necessary as XY-ABC has been identified

B – Heading north, X-BC
C – Heading three hundred sixty, X-BC
D – Heading three six zero, X-BC

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: D

6. What shall the pilots read back be for CLIMB TO FL 280:

A – Climbing to flight level two eighty

B – Climbing to flight level two eight zero
C – Climbing two eight zero
D – Climbing to two eighty
 Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: B

7. Which of the following messages sent by ATC to an aircraft in flight must be

read back?

1 – descend to (altitude) 3,000 feet

2 – wind 240o, 15 knots, gusts 30 knots
3 – turn right heading 210
4 – reduce speed to 160 knots
5 – squawk 1723
6 – braking action poor

A – 1, 2, 3, 5
B – all
C – 1, 3, 4, 5
D – 1, 3, 4, 5, 6

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: C
8. Which elements of instructions or information shall always be read back?

A – QNH, SSR code, approach aid serviceability

B – QNH, weather information, runway-in-use
C – ATC clearance, speed instructions, runway state information
D – SSR code, QNH, take-off clearance, speed instructions

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: D

9. ATC clears Fastair 345 to descent from FL 100 to FL 80. What is the correct
read back by the pilot?

A – Descending to 80, Fastair 345

B – Leaving flight level 100 descending to flight level 80, Fastair 345
C – Down to flight level 80, Fastair 345
D – Leaving 100 to 80, Fastair 345

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: B

10. Which of the following instructions and information are required to be read
back?

(i) Descend to altitude 2000 ft

 (ii) Wind 060/20 gusting 30 knots
(iii) Heading instructions
(iv) Speed control instructions
(v) Squawk 2310
(vi) Runway braking action

A – (i) (ii) and (iii)

B – (i) (iii) (iv) and (v)
C – (i) (iii) (iv) (v) and (vi)
D – All of them

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: B

11. What is the correct reply to the instruction ‘Climb to FL 280’?

A – Recleared Level Two Eight Zero

B – Climb Two Eight Zero
C – Climb to Two Hundred and Eighty
D – Climb to Flight Level Two Eight Zero

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: D

12. What is the correct reply to an ATC instruction which you can’t comply with?

A – Negative comply
B – Negative instruction
C – Negative compliance
D – Unable to comply

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: D

13. When receiving radar vectors an aircraft XY-ABC is told ‘turn right heading
360’, the correct reply is?

A – There is no need to respond as you have been identified as XY-ABC

B – Heading north, X-BC
C – Heading three hundred and sixty, X-BC
D – Heading three six zero, X-BC

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: D
092-02-11 Radar procedural phraseology
1. The correct phraseology to instruct an aircraft to cease the MODE C SSR
reply because of incorrect indications is:

A – Climbing to two point five

B – Up to two thousand five hundred
C – Climbing to two thousand five hundred feet
D – Climbing to two thousand five hundred

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: B

2. Which of the following statements is true?

A – An IFR flight may be commenced if the SSR transponder is unserviceable

B – If the SSR transponder becomes unserviceable during an IFR flight it must
be continued under VFR
C – If the SSR transponder becomes unserviceable during an IFR flight ATC
must be informed as soon as possible
D – If the SSR transponder becomes unserviceable during an IFR flight it
must be continued under VMC

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: C

092-02-12 Level changes and reports

1. What shall the pilots read back be for CLIMB TO 2.500 FEET?

A – Climbing to two point five

B – Up to two thousand five hundred
C – Climbing to two thousand five hundred feet
D – Climbing to two thousand five hundred

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: C

2. If you are requested to REPORT FLIGHT CONDITIONS, what does that

mean:

A – Indicate weather conditions as wind, visibility, temperature

B – Indicate whether you are flying in IMC or in VMC
C – Indicate if visibility is sufficient for landing
D – Indicate whether you are flying IFR or VFR

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: B
3. All messages relating to an aircraft’s climb or descent to a HEIGHT or
ALTITUDE should:

A – employ the word “TO” followed immediately by the word HEIGHT or

ALTITUDE
B – avoid using the word “TO” altogether
C – employ the word “TO” followed immediately by the QFE or QNH
D – be preceded by the required altimeter subscale setting

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: A

092-03 ACTION REQUIRED TO BE TAKEN IN CASE

OF COMMUNICATION FAILURE

1. An aircraft encountering radio communication failure on an IFR flight in IMC

has to commence descent over the designated navigation aid serving the
destination aerodrome (no EAT received):

A – After 3 minutes, if an expected approach time is not acknowledged

B – 5 minutes after the last expected approach time acknowledged
C – Immediately after reaching in any case
D – At, or as close to, the ETA resulting from the current flight plan

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: D

2. In case the transponder fails before the departure for an IFR flight, the pilot
shall:

A – Inform FIS for relay to AIS

B – Obtain prior permission by ATC to conduct the flight
C – Insert under item 18 of the flight plan TRANSPONDER
UNSERVICEABLE and inform ATC after departure
D – Cancel flight

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: B

3. An aircraft encountering radio communication failure on an IFR flight in IMC

has to hold over the designated navigation aid serving the destination
aerodrome:

A – 3 minutes, if an expected approach time is not acknowledged

B – Under no circumstances
 C – 5 minutes in any case
D – Until the expected approach time last received and acknowledged

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: D

4. In case of a SSR transponder failure occurring after departure of an IFR flight,

the pilot shall:

A – Land at the nearest suitable aerodrome for repair

B – Inform the competent ATC unit immediately
C – Squawk 7600
D – Continue the flight in VMC

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: B

5. A departing aircraft experiencing radio communication failure on an IFR flight

under radar vectors has to:

A – Squawk 7600 and maintain the heading last assigned by ATC for a period
of 3 minutes and then return to the flight path in accordance with the
current flight plan
B – Squawk 7600 and thereafter return to the route indicated in the current
flight plan in the most direct manner
C – Squawk 7600, maintain present heading for 1 minute and thereafter return
to the route indicated in the current flight plan on the shortest way
D – Squawk 7600 and thereafter, regardless of any limitation instructed by
ATC, return to the route indicated in the current flight plan on the shortest
way

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: B

6. An aircraft encountering radio communication failure on an IFR flight in IMC

has to land, if possible, within:

A – 30 minutes after ETA or the last EAT, whichever is later

B – 30 minutes after noticing the radio failure
C – 30 minutes after waiting for the EAT
D – 15 minutes after vacating the transition layer

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: A
7. Within the European Region, an aircraft experiencing radio communication
failure on an IFR departure has to squawk 7600 and:

A – Climb immediately to the cruising level indicated in the flight plan

B – Maintain the level last assigned by the ATC for a period of 3 minutes and
then climb in accordance with the flight plan
C – Land at the departure aerodrome in any case
D – Maintain the altitude last assigned by ATC for a period of 5 minutes and
then continue in accordance with the flight plan

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: B

8. An aircraft on an IFR flight in VMC experiences radio communication failure.

The aircraft is assumed to:

A – Land at the destination aerodrome

B – Return to the aerodrome of departure
C – Land at the alternate aerodrome
D – Land at the nearest suitable aerodrome

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: D

9. An aircraft experiencing radio communication failure on an IFR flight in IMC

is assumed to:

A – Proceed in accordance with the current flight plan to the designated

navigation aid serving the destination aerodrome
B – Proceed to an area from where the flight can be continued according to the
visual flight rules
C – Divert to the most suitable aerodrome according to the route of flight
D – Execute a VMC approach at the nearest suitable aerodrome

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: A
10. An aircraft encountering radio communication failure on an IFR flight in
VMC is assumed to:

A – Continue to fly in VMC, land at the nearest suitable aerodrome, report its
arrival
B – Leave controlled airspace and continue the flight within uncontrolled
airspace
C – Squawk IDENT and proceed to the alternate aerodrome
D – Continue the flight to destination aerodrome in any case

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

 Ans: A

11. After suffering a radio receiver failure the pilots should make blind
transmissions preceded by the phrase “Transmitting blind due to receiver
failure” and subsequently:

A – hold for 5 minutes

B – proceed to the pre-planned alternate
C – enter the next en-route holding pattern encountered
D – advise the time of the next intended transmission

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: D

12. What is the action required to be taken on an IFR flight after a transponder
failure?

A – Inform ATC immediately and continue VFR

B – Land immediately
C – Inform ATC immediately
D – Continue flight in VMC

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: C
13. What is the correct action of a flight on an IFR flight plan in IMC conditions if
it experiences total communication failure?

A – Continue as filed to beacon over the destination airfield, squawk 7600

B – Continue in VMC
C – Continue as filed to beacon over the destination airfield, maintain assigned
squawk
D – Leave controlled airspace

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: A

14. On an IFR flight two way communications is lost as the aircraft is holding
above the final destination. The expected approach time (EAT) was passed as
1420 UTC before communications was lost. The aircraft should squawk 7600
and make an approach to land at:

A – the EAT, plus or minus 10 minutes

B – not before the EAT and no later than 10 minutes after EAT
C – not before the EAT and no later than 20 minutes after EAT
D – not before the EAT and no later than 30 minutes after EAT
 Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: D

15. If an aircraft has had a radio failure, the SSR should be set to:

A – 7700
B – 2000
C – 7600
D – 7500

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: C
092-04 DISTRESS AND URGENCY PROCEDURES

092-04-01 PAN medical

1. A message concerning a protected medical transport operated by aircraft

assigned exclusively to medical transportation shall be preceded by the signal:

A – MEDICAL TRANSPORT
B – PAN PAN MEDICAL
C – PROTECTED TRANSPORT
D – PAN PAN TRANSPORT
Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir
Ans: B

2. What do the spoken words PAN PAN MEDICAL mean?

A – The phrase/signal is inadmissible in radiotelephony

B – The aircraft has a sick passenger on board and requests priority to land
C – The aircraft has an urgent need of medical care upon landing at destination
airport
D – The message which follows concerns a protected medical transport
operated by aircraft assigned exclusively to medical transportation

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: D

3. What is the initial message for an aircraft in a protected medical transportation

flight?

A – PAN PAN MEDICAL

B – MEDICAL TRANSPORT
C – TRANSPORTATION MEDICAL
D – MEDICAL PAN PAN
Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir
Ans: A
 092-04-02 Distress

1. The distress communication and silence conditions shall be terminated by

transmitting a message. Which words shall this message include?

A – Disregard distress communication, OUT

B – Emergency communication finished
C – MAYDAY traffic ended
D – Distress traffic ended

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: D

2. When an aircraft is no longer in distress, it shall transmit a message cancelling

the distress condition. Which words shall this message include?

A - …MAYDAY, resuming normal operations

B - …cancel distress
C - …MAYDAY cancelled
D - …distress condition terminated

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: B

3. Radio silence can be imposed by an aeronautical station in case of:

A – Technical difficulties
B – Urgency communication
C – Overload of the frequency
D – Distress traffic

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: D

4. Which of the following messages shall a station in control of distress use to

impose silence?

A – Stop transmitting, EMERGENCY

B – Stop transmitting, DISTRESS
C – Stop transmitting, MAYDAY
D – All stations in this frequency, MAYDAY traffic

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: C

5. A signal sent by radiotelephony consisting of the spoken word MAYDAY

MAYDAY MAYDAY means:
 A – The aircraft is forced to perform a fuel dumping procedure
B – The aircraft has a very urgent message to transmit concerning the safety of
a ship, aircraft or vehicle
C – The aircraft has a message to transmit concerning adverse weather
conditions along its route of flight
D – Imminent danger threatens the aircraft and immediate assistance is
required

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: D

6. When an aircraft station receives the call ALL STATIONS STEPHENVILLE

RADAR, DISTRESS TRAFFIC ENDED it is requested:

A – Discontinue communication with Stephenville RADAR

B – To impose silence to other stations in its vicinity
C – Acknowledge receipt of this message
D – To resume normal communication with Stephenville RADAR

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: D

7. The distress signal and the distress message to be sent by an aircraft in distress
be on:

A – The FIS frequency designated for the airspace concerned

B – The emergency frequency in any case
C – The regional guard frequency
D – The air-ground frequency in use at the time

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: D

8. When an aircraft station receives the call ALL STATIONS STEPHENVILLE

RADAR, STOP TRANSMITTING MAYDAY it is requested:

A – To continue normal communication on the frequency in use

B – Not to interfere with the distress communication
C – To assist Stephenville RADAR in handling the distress traffic
D – To leave the frequency in use

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: B
9. In a distress situation it may be necessary to impose silence either on all
stations or on a particular station. This action of imposing silence may be
performed:

A – only by the ground station controlling the frequency

B – by either the aircraft in distress or the station in control of the distress
incident
C – by any station who considers it necessary to impose silence
D – only by the distress and diversion cell at the Rescue Control Centre (RCC)

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: B

092-04-03 Urgency

1. The urgency message to be sent by an aircraft reporting an urgency condition

shall contain at least the following elements/details:

A – Name of the station addressed, present position, assistance required

B – Aircraft call sign, destination airport, ETA at destination, route of flight
C – Aircraft call sign, nature of the urgency condition, pilots intention, present
position, level and heading
D – Aircraft identification, aerodrome of departure, level and heading

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: C

2. Which of the following statements is correct?

A – The urgency communications have priority over all the other

communications
B – The urgency communications have priority over all the other
communications, except distress
C – There is no difference regarding priority between distress communications
and urgency communications
D – ATC clearances have the same priority as urgency communications

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: B

3. On hearing an urgency message a pilot shall:

A – Impose radio silence on the frequency in use

B – Acknowledge the message immediately
C – Monitor the frequency to ensure assistance if required
D – Change the frequency, because radio silence will be imposed on the
frequency in use
 Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: C

4. A signal sent by radiotelephony consisting of the spoken words PAN PAN,

PAN PAN, PAN PAN means:

A – An aircraft on final approach is starting the missed approach procedure

B – Imminent danger threatens the aircraft and immediate assistance is
required
C – The aircraft is diverting from the route cleared because of a thunderstorm
and asks for immediate re-clearance
D – The aircraft has a very urgent message to transmit concerning the safety of
a ship, aircraft or other vehicle, but immediate assistance is not required

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: D
092-05 RELEVANT WEATHER INFORMATION
TERMS

092-05-01 Aerodrome weather

3127. When transmitting runway visual range (RVR) for runway 16 ATC will use
the
following phrase?

A – RVR runway 16 touchdown ___ metres, mid-point ___ metres, stop end
___ metres
B – The values of the transmissiometer are ___ metres and ___ metres
C – RVR at the beginning of runway 16 is ___ metres
D – RVR runway 16 ___ metres diagonal ___ metres diagonal ___ metres

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: A

1. What does FRICTION COEFFICIENT 20 in a runway report mean?

A – Braking action medium

B – Braking action poor
C – Braking action good
D – Braking action unreliable

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: B
2. What does FRICTION COEFFICIENT 45 in a runway report mean?
 A – Braking action not measurable
B – Braking action medium
C – Braking action poor
D – Braking action good

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: D

3. Under what runway conditions is the braking action reported to be

UNRELIABLE?

A – Runway covered with dry snow

B – Runway covered with ice
C – Runway covered with wet snow and slush
D – Runway conditions normal

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: C

4. A braking coefficient of 0.45 indicates runway braking action:

A – poor
B – medium
C – good
D – unmeasurable

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: C

5. In a METAR, cloud reported as “broken” means:

A – 3 – 4 octas
B – 2 – 3 octas
C – 5-7 octas
D – 4-6 octas

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: C

6. CAVOK may be used in place of visibility, weather and cloud, provided that
visibility is ___ or more; there is no cloud below ___ or MSA whichever is the
___ and no significant weather phenomena.

A – 10 km, 5000 ft AAL, lower

B – 10 nm, 5000 ft, AAL, higher
 C – 10 nm, 5000 ft, AGL lower
D – 10 km, 5000 ft, AAL, higher

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: D

092-05-02 Weather broadcast

1. Weather information contained in the ATIS is updated every:

A – 30 minutes
B – 20 minutes
C – 60 minutes
D – 50 minutes

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: A

2. Meteorological information broadcast in VOLMET is the same as:

A – TAFs
B – SPECI TAF sometimes with METARS
C – SIGMETs
D – METARs with TRENDS and sometimes TAFs

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: D

092-06 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF VHF PROPAGATION

1. What are the consequences of an aircraft with a transmit button stuck on?

A – It improves readability for everyone else

B – It has no effect on other transmissions
C – It prevents other aircraft transmissions being heard but does not affect the
readability of ATC transmissions
D – No one else can use the frequency

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: D

2. The RTF band allocated to aviation VHF communications is:

A – 30MHz to 300MHz
B – 108 MHz to 117.95MHz
C – 118MHz to 136.95MHz
 D – 108MHz to 111.95MHz

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: C

3. HF Frequency bands used for aviation are between:

A – 2850 to 22000 KHz

B – 2850 to 25000 MHz
C – 258 to 2500 MHz
D – 2580 to 22000 KHz

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: A

4. What is the expected range of VHF air to ground communications if an

aircraft is flying 35,000 feet above the transmitter height?

A – 187 nm
B – 234 nm
C – 150 nm
D – 267 nm

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: B

5. The VHF aviation band channel spacing in upper airspace is:

A – 8.33 KHz
B – 12.5 KHz
C – 25.0 KHz
D – 7.98 KHz

Ref: AIR: atpl, ir; HELI: atpl, ir

Ans: A