EDUCTION
SIMPLE CONVERSION
Synopsis:
1. Interchange the subject and the A to E
predicate. Obvertend: All books are reading
materials.
2. Retain the quality.
Obverse: No books are non-reading
3. Do not extend any term. materials.
Synopsis: E to A
Obvertend: No fishes are carnivorous
E to E Obverse: All fishes are non-carnivorous
Convertend: No cat is a dog I to O
Converse: No dog is a cat Obvertend: Some leaders are active
I to I Obverse: Some leaders are not inactive or
Convertend: Some houses are white non-active
Converse: Some white are houses O to I
A and O= No Simple Conversion Obvertend: Some teachers are not
competent
PARTIAL CONVERSION Obverse: Some teachers are incompetent
or non-competent.
1. Change the quantity from Universal
to Particular. PARTIAL CONTRAPOSITION
2. Interchange the subject and 1. The subject is contradictory of the
predicate. original predicate.
3. Retain the quality. 2. The quality is changed
3. The predicate is the original
Synopsis: subject.
A to I
Synopsis:
Convertend: All men are mortal
A to E
Converse: Some mortal are men
Contraponend: All animals are
E to O
sentient
Convertend: No aliens are voters
Contraposit: No non-sentient are
Converse: Some voters are not aliens
animals
E to I
OBVERSION
Contraponend: No dogs are biped
1. Retain the subject and the quantity
Contraposit: Some non-biped are
of the obvertend.
dogs.
2. Change the quality (affirmative to
O to I
negative and vise versa).
Contraponend: Some writers are not
3. Get the contradictory term of the
prolific
predicate.
Contraposit: Some non-prolific are
writers
I = No Partial Contraposition
COMPLETE CONTRAPOSITION COMPLETE INVERSION
1. Interchange the subject and the 1. Change the quantity of the
predicate and get the invertend
contradictories. 2. Contradict the subject and the
Synopsis: predicate of the invertend
A to A 3. Retain the quality.
Contraponend: Every man is mortal
Contraposit: Every non-mortal is non-man Synopsis
E to O A to I
Contraponend: No flowers are fragrant Invertend: All communists are harmful
Contraposit: Some non-fragrant are not Inverse: Some non-communists are
non-flowers harmless or non-harmful.
O to O I to A
Contraponend: Some females are not Invertend: Some spiritualists are theists
pregnant Inverse: All non-spiritualists are non-
Contraposit: Some non-pregnant are not theists
non-females E to O
I = No Complete Contraposition Invertend: No idealists are naturalists
Inverse: Some non-idealists are not non-
SIMPLE INVERSION naturalists.
1. Change the quantity and quality of O to E
the invertend. Invertend: Some Ateneans are liberal
2. Contradict the subject of the Inverse: No non-Ateneans are non-liberal
invertend.
3. Retain the predicate.
Synopsis
A to O
Invertend: All cute are petite
Inverse: Some non-cute are not petite
O to A
Invertend: Some mothers are not
responsible.
Inverse: All non-mothers are responsible
E to I
Invertend: No patriots are coward
Inverse: Some non-patriots are coward.
I to E
Invertend: Some heroes are letranites
Inverse: No non-heroes are letranites
