Module 1: Nursing Research: Introductory Concepts

1. _________________________ defines the term nursing research as the “systematic,

objective process of analyzing phenomena of importance to nursing. “The
term includes “all studies concerning nursing practice, nursing education,
and nursing administration” as well as nurses.
a. Waltz and Bausell (2001)
b. Nieswiadomy (2008)
c. Polit and Beck (2012)
d. NCNR

2. The question, “what is the phenomenon?” pertains to description as one

purpose of nursing research.
a. The statement is TRUE.
b. The statement is FALSE.

3. Which purpose of nursing research seeks clarification of a prevailing

situation to answer questions that ask “WHY” a phenomenon occurred?
a. Control
b. Description
c. Exploration
d. Explanation

4. “What will happen if…” is a question answered under exploring in nursing

research.
a. The statement is TRUE.
b. The statement is FALSE.

5. __________________________ defined nursing research as ‘a formal, rigorous and

intensive process used for solutions to nursing problems or to discover and
interpret new facts and trends in clinical practice, nursing education or
nursing administration.
a. Waltz and Bausell (2001)
b. Nieswiadomy (2008)
c. Polit and Beck (2012)
d. NCNR
6. A nursing research can be an informal but rigorous and systematic process.
a. The statement is TRUE.
b. The statement is FALSE.
7. Which nursing research purpose assesses situations, or the phenomena that
need clarification and solutions?
a. Identification
b. Description
c. Prediction
d. Explanation

8. Research is an honest, scientific investigation undertaken for the purpose of

discovering new facts which will contribute to the present body of
knowledge and can lead to an effective solution of existing problems
according to the National Center for Nursing Research.
a. The statement is TRUE.
b. The statement is FALSE.

9. Which nursing research purpose aims to describe a phenomenon that

relates to the nursing profession?
a. Identification
b. Description
c. Exploration
d. Control

10. In control, a researcher projects a situation or events that could arise from
the investigation.
a. The statement is TRUE.
b. The statement is FALSE.

11. Which of the following is NOT a goal of nursing research?

a. Efficiency and effectiveness in nursing care
b. Worth and value of the nursing profession to society
c. Identification, implementation and evaluation of effective health care
modalities
d. Provision of evidence-based quality care to clients
e. All of the above
f. None of the above

12. One goal of nursing research is worth and value of the nursing profession
to society.
a. The statement is TRUE.
b. The statement is FALSE.
13. Which nursing research purpose explores the phenomenon being
investigated by observing and recording events or situations occurring in that
phenomenon?
a. Prediction
b. Description
c. Exploration
d. Explanation

14. The term research came from a French word which means “to seek”.
a. The statement is TRUE.
b. The statement is FALSE.

15. “Why did the bacteria become resistant?” can be answered under the
exploration purpose of the research.
a. The statement is TRUE.
b. The statement is FALSE.

16. Which nursing research purpose projects a situation or events that could
arise from research investigation?
a. Prediction
b. Description
c. Exploration
d. Explanation

17. System and order is emphasized IN the definition of research by Polit and
Beck. In the subject of nursing.
a. The statement is TRUE.
b. The statement is FALSE.

18. Which nursing research purpose puts up a barrier to hinder or minimize

the effects of anticipated outcomes or reactions?
a. Identification
b. Description
c. Exploration
d. Control
 19. According to _______________________, research is an honest, scientific
investigation undertaken for the purpose of discovering new facts which
will contribute to the present body of knowledge and can lead to an effective
solution of existing problems.
a. Nieswiadomy (2008)
b. Waltz and Bausell (2001)
c. NCNR
d. Philippine Nurses Association (1963)

20. Effectiveness in nursing care can be obtained through nursing history.

a. The statement is TRUE.
b. The statement is FALSE.

Module 2: Characteristics of Research

1. This is the dry-run of the study on a selected group of individuals or
institution(s) to determine the validity, soundness of structure and
reliability of instruments used.
a. Choice of Research Design
b. Identify the Target Population
c. Theoretical/Conceptual Framework
d. Conduct the Field Test

2. These are statements in null form to be statistically tested to prove extent of

differences or relationships between two or more variables.
a. Abstract
b. Assumptions
c. Null Hypotheses
d. None of the above

3. Intensive requires an in-depth approach in a study is one characteristic

which is carefully described under the:
a. Bibliography
b. Research design
c. Statistical analysis
d. Sampling

4. Factors such as people, status, situations, policies and practices examples of:
a. Study Limitations
b. Study Samples
c. Study Variables
 d. Target Population

5. This refers to previous knowledge and results of research studies that serve
as basis for the current research.
a. Review of Related Literature
b. Theoretical/Conceptual Framework
c. Identify the Problem
d. Determine the purpose of the study.

6. The researcher identifies and eliminates specific constraints or limitations

to ensure precise and valid results.
a. Control
b. Empirical
c. Generalization
d. Intensive

7. Some unexpected situations or circumstances can arise and will be the

limitations of the study. This can be prevented by:
a. Control
b. Sampling
c. Field Test
d. Generalization

8. This explains the relationship of the variables investigated.

a. Review of Related Literature
b. Theoretical/Conceptual Framework
c. Identify the Problem
d. Determine the purpose of the study.

9. A careful selection of the population and sample, formulating the method by

which data would be gathered and analyzed, including the appropriate
statistical tools to be used describes a characteristic of research which is:
a. Control
b. Empirical
c. Generalization
d. Intensive

10. This refers to what will be investigated and what areas of concern will be
the focus of the inquiry.
a. Formulate null hypothesis
 b. Define study variables
c. Review of related literature
d. Identify the problem

11. These are statements presumed to be true but have not been proven so.
a. Study Assumptions
b. Study Limitations
c. Study Samples
d. Research Design

12. It is the stage where the findings of the study are deemed to have
applicability to the entire population.
a. Control
b. Sampling
c. Field Test
d. Generalization

13. This is concerned with why the phenomenon is being investigated and
what its goals and objectives are.
a. Review of Related Literature
b. Identify the Problem
c. Determine the purpose of the study
d. Formulate the null hypotheses

14. The characteristic of research wherein researcher uses results of

experiences and observations rooted in objective reality as sources of
knowledge.
a. Control
b. Empirical
c. Generalization
d. Intensive

15. Which characteristic of research means the investigation is in an ordered

sequence?
a. Intensive
b. Control
c. Orderly and systematic
d. Empirical
 16. Sixty student nurses from PHINMA Upang were selected to participate in a
study on the limited face to face program. These students are from the level
2 blocks 3, 5, 8, 10 and 12. The students in these blocks are the:
a. Samples
b. Population
c. Limitations
d. Scope

17. These are uncontrolled variables that could affect research results and
limit the generalizability of findings.
a. Study Assumptions
b. Study Limitations
c. Study Samples
d. Research Design

18. The overall pattern of how the study will be conducted, particularly the
research methods and techniques to be used.
a. Study Assumptions
b. Study Limitations
c. Study Samples
d. Research Design

19. In-depth approach is used to ensure that all the possible loopholes in the
study are covered.
a. Control
b. Empirical
c. Generalization
d. Intensive

20. It is the criterion used in quantitative study to assess the extent to which
study findings can be applied to other groups and settings.
a. Control
b. Sampling
c. Field Test
d. Generalization

Module 3: Evidence-Based Nursing Practice

1. An electronic database consists of systematic reviews in various health care
fields and is also called “Cochrane Reviews”, is developed by
_______________________.
 a. Polit & Beck
b. Dr. Archibald Leman Cochrane
c. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
d. All of the above

2. _________________________ is an international, not-for-profit organization that

aims to help people make well-informed decisions about health care by
preparing, maintaining, and promoting the accessibility of systematic
reviews of the effects of health-care interventions.
a. Cochrane Collaboration
b. WHO
c. CCNAPI
d. PubMed

3. The concern is some nursing interventions can be based on tradition,

customs or “unit culture” or a person with specialized expertise who are not
infallible.
a. Inductive Logical Reasoning
b. Clinical experience, trial and error and intuition
c. Tradition and authority
d. Disciplined research

4. The process of developing generalizations from specific observations.

a. Inductive Logical Reasoning
b. Clinical experience
c. Trial and error
d. Deductive Logical Reasoning

5. Nursing research combines logical reasoning with other features to create

evidence which can be infallible but tends to be more reliable than any other
method of acquiring evidence.
a. Inductive Logical Reasoning
b. Deductive Logical Reasoning
c. Intuition
d. Disciplined research

6. The process of developing specific predictions from general principles.

a. Intuition
b. Disciplined research
c. Inductive Logical Reasoning
 d. Deductive Logical Reasoning

7. Personal experience is limited as a knowledge source.

a. Clinical experience
b. Intuition
c. Disciplined research
d. Inductive Logical Reasoning

8. This cannot be explained based on reasoning that arises in difficulty of

developing nursing policies and practices.
a. Trial and error
b. Clinical experience
c. Intuition
d. Disciplined research

9. This are practical but solutions are odd (idiosyncratic).

a. Clinical experience
b. Intuition
c. Deductive logical reasoning
d. Trial and error

10. Which of the following is not a component of Evidence-Based Practice in

Nursing?
a. Evidence from research/evidence-based theories, opinion leaders/
expert panels
b. Evidence from assessment of the patient’s history and physical exam
and availability of healthcare.
c. Information about patient’s preferences and values
d. All of the above
e. None of the above

Module 4: The Pico/T Format

1. _____________________________ advocate asking clinical questions in the PICOT
format.
a. Waltz and Bausell (2001)
b. Nieswiadomy (2008)
c. Polit and Beck (2012)
d. Melnyk and Finecout (2004)
2. This may include, but is not limited to any treatment, patient
perception, exposure or diagnostic test.
a. Patient Population
b. Outcome
c. Intervention of interest
d. Time target

3. Specific identification of the outcome variable facilitates the search for

evidence that has investigated the same outcome.
a. Time target
b. Comparison intervention
c. Outcome
d. Patient population

4. Specific time for the intervention to achieve the best outcome.

a. Time target
b. Comparison intervention
c. Outcome
d. Patient population

5. The standard of care is compared to a new treatment or procedure.

a. Time target
b. Comparison intervention
c. Outcome
d. Intervention of interest

6. It is necessary to have a clear description of the patient population and

setting to retrieve the most relevant evidence.
a. Patient Population
b. Outcome
c. Intervention of interest
d. Time target

7. The comparison can be a true control, such as placebo.

a. Time target
b. Comparison intervention
c. Outcome
d. Intervention of interest
 8. The more defined the intervention, the more focused the search for evidence
will be.
a. Patient Population
b. Outcome
c. Intervention of interest
d. Time target

9. “In African American female adolescents with hepatitis B, how does

Acetaminophen compared with Ibuprofen affect the liver function?” Given
the statement, which of the following pertains to outcome in PICOT format?
a. In African American female adolescents with hepatitis B
b. how does Acetaminophen
c. compared with Ibuprofen
d. affect the liver function

10. How do young males with paraplegia perceive their interactions with their
romantic significant others during the first year of their diagnosis? Given the
statement, which of the following pertains to intervention in PICOT format?
a. during the first year of their diagnosis
b. How do young males
c. with paraplegia
d. perceive their interactions with their romantic significant others

Module 5: Hierarchy of Evidence

1. ____________________ provides a visual and systematic depiction of forms of
research from the least reliable to the most reliable and is also
called “pyramid of evidence”.
a. Randomized Controlled Trial
b. Hierarchy of Evidence
c. Systematic Review
d. Experimental group

2. “TB Infection Control Measures”. Given the title of research, identify the
hierarchy of evidence.
a. Level I
b. Level V
c. Level IV
d. Level VI
3. ___________________________ is a form of experimental research wherein
the subjects/participants are randomly allocated into 2 groups.
a. Randomized Controlled Trial
b. Control group
c. Systematic Review
d. Experimental group

4. ___________________________ refers to all published and unpublished studies on a

particular area are assessed for their scientific rigor, and the findings are
summarized in an unbiased and balanced manner.
a. Randomized Controlled Trial
b. Control group
c. Systematic Review
d. Experimental group

5. “A Systematic Review on the Effects of Antipsychotic Medications Among

Clients with Delusional Disorders”. Given the title of research, identify the
hierarchy of evidence.
a. Level II
b. Level V
c. Level IV
d. Level I

6. An in-depth investigation of phenomena through the collection of rich

narrative materials.
a. Meta-Synthesis
b. Qualitative Research
c. Peer-Reviewed Journals
d. Meta-Analysis

7. “Antibacterial Effects of Mango Leaf Extract”. Given the title of research,

identify the hierarchy of evidence.
a. Level II
b. Level V
c. Level IV
d. Level I

8. A type of non-experimental / observational research. It examines

relationships between variables.
a. Non-Randomized Controlled Trial
 b. Descriptive Research
c. Correlational Research
d. Meta-Synthesis

9. Integrative reviews of qualitative studies, example of a Level V evidence.

a. Peer-Reviewed Journals
b. Descriptive Research
c. Qualitative Research
d. Meta-Synthesis

10. “Correlates of Depression Among Menopausal Women”. Given the title of

research, identify the hierarchy of evidence.
a. Level I
b. Level III
c. Level IV
d. Level VI

11. “An Analysis of the Cigarette Consumption among Adults: A Correlational

Study”. Given the title of research, identify the hierarchy of evidence.
a. Level II
b. Level III
c. Level IV
d. Level VII

12. The journal articles reviewed or 'refereed' by experts within the field prior
to publication.
a. Meta-Synthesis
b. Qualitative Research
c. Peer-Reviewed Journals
d. Meta-Analysis

13. “Acculturative Stress Among Foreign Students: A Case Analysis”. Given the
title of research, identify the hierarchy of evidence.
a. Level III
b. Level V
c. Level IV
d. Level VI
14. A systematic review of multiple similar quantitative studies addressing the
same research question, Level I evidence.
a. Meta-Synthesis
b. Qualitative Research
c. Peer-Reviewed Journals
d. Meta-Analysis

15. “Lived Experience of ER Nurses”. Given the title of research, identify the
hierarchy of evidence.
a. Level I
b. Level II
c. Level III
d. Level VI

16. A form of experimental research (Quasi-Experimental). It involves an

intervention without randomization.
a. Non-Randomized Controlled Trial
b. Meta-Synthesis
c. Qualitative Research
d. Peer-Reviewed Journals

17. “Opinions of Medical Scientists in Covid 19 Cross-infection”. Given the title

of research, identify the hierarchy of evidence.
a. Level I
b. Level II
c. Level III
d. Level VII

18. A type of non-experimental/observational research. Its purpose is to

observe, describe, and document aspects of a situation.
a. Peer-Reviewed Journals
b. Descriptive Research
c. Qualitative Research
d. Meta-Synthesis

19. “Systematic Reviews of Kwashiorkor Among Toddlers”. Given the title of

research, identify the hierarchy of evidence.
a. Level I
b. Level III
c. Level IV
 d. Level VI

20. “Polypharmacy Practices Among the Elderly”. Given the title of research,
identify the hierarchy of evidence.
a. Level I
b. Level II
c. Level VII
d. Level VI

Module 6: Research Variables

1. _________________________ is an attribute that varies; any quality of a person,
group or situation that varies or takes on different values.
a. Journals
b. Graph
c. Variables
d. Hierarchy of evidence

2. In quantitative studies, variables are _______________________.

a. Phenomenon
b. Concepts
c. All of the above
d. None of the above

3. In qualitative studies, variables are _______________________.

a. Phenomenon
b. Concepts
c. All of the above
d. None of the above

4. Which of the following variables can be homogeneous if the attributes or

characteristics of the group being studied have limited variability?
a. Birthweight of infants
b. Pre-operative anxiety levels
c. Ethnicity
d. Age

5. Which of the following variables have two or more mutually exclusive values
or properties that can be quantitatively and qualitatively measured?
a. Blood type
b. Weather conditions
 c. Ethnicity
d. Body temperature

6. Which of the following variables have varying qualities of people,

institutions, situations or statuses?
a. Climate change
b. Height and weight of infants
c. Government agencies
d. Civil status

7. Which of the following variables can be heterogeneous when the attributes

or characteristics of group being studied are extremely varied?
a. Type of hospitals
b. Height and weight among adolescents
c. Global warming
d. Sex

8. Which of the following statement is INCORRECT?

a. Variables are measurable qualities, properties, or characteristics of
people, things, events, or situations under study that vary from one
subject to another.
b. In a quantitative and qualitative study, the problem statement should
be written properly where the variables toe be studied must be
identified well.
c. Variables are measured qualitatively and quantitatively.
d. All of the above

9. They have varying values which are obtained to solve theresearch problem.
a. Journals
b. Graph
c. Variables
d. Evidence

10. Which of the following variables have varying factors that affect the
phenomenon, nursing situations or cases under study?
a. Body temperature
b. Levels of care
c. Pre-operative anxiety levels
d. All of the above
Module 7: Explanatory Variables
1. ________________________ refers to the phenomenon under study that varies or
assumes different values.
a. Explanatory variable
b. Independent variable
c. Dependent variable
d. Intervening variable

2. ________________________ are factors that are being manipulated by the

researcher and are the focus of the inquiry.
a. Dependent variable
b. Independent variable
c. Extraneous variable
d. Moderator variable

3. ________________________ are the factors that are affected or influenced by the

independent variable.
a. Exogenous variable
b. Organismic variable
c. Dependent variable
d. Intervening variable

4. ________________________ are factors or variables that can come between the

independent and the dependent variables and can influence the effect of the
former on the latter.
a. Explanatory variable
b. Independent variable
c. Dependent variable
d. Intervening variable

5. ________________________ are variables that affects the strength or direction of

the relationship between the independent and the dependent variable.
a. Intervening variable
b. Abstract or continuous variable
c. Dichotomous variable
d. Moderator variable

6. These are physiological, psychological and demographic factors of the target

population that could affect the outcome of the study.
a. Organismic variables
 b. Abstract or continuous variables
c. Environmental variables
d. Dichotomous variables

7. These are factors with only two values, used in comparative studies and
specifically identified in the hypotheses.
a. Dichotomous variables
b. Environmental variables
c. Dependent variables
d. Independent variables

8. These are factors that have different values which are quantitatively
measured and statistically tested through the hypotheses.
a. Environmental variables
b. Abstract or continuous variables
c. Dichotomous variables
d. Moderator variables

9. These are economic, anthropological, sociological and physical factors that

influence the phenomenon under study.
a. Organismic variables
b. Abstract or continuous variables
c. Environmental variables
d. Dichotomous variables

10. These variables are not the direct interest of the researcher and must be
controlled or eliminated in order for the hypothesis to be validly tested.
a. Extraneous or Exogenous Variables
b. Explanatory variables
c. Dichotomous variables
d. Dependent variables

Module 8: Research Problems

1. The problem is relatively new and represents previously untapped or even
rarely tapped subjects of inquiry.
a. Significance
b. Originality
c. Manageability
d. Measurability
2. Research problems may represent a response to established priorities in the
nursing profession.
a. Measurability
b. Resource availability
c. Originality
d. Significance

3. The nature and scope of the study are specific and well-defined, data are
accessible, and the research method is appropriate according to the goals
and objectives of the study.
a. Manageability
b. Significance
c. Resource ability
d. Originality

4. The study is time-bound, and variables can be subjected to quantitative and

qualitative analysis.
a. Resource availability
b. Measurability
c. Significance
d. Originality

5. Human, material, physical and fiscal resources needed to pursue the

research are adequately provided for.
a. Measurability
b. Manageability
c. Resource availability
d. Significance

6. Development of a research problem is a creative process that depends on

the imagination, experiences and ingenuity of the researcher.
a. Significance
b. Originality
c. Manageability
d. Measurability

7. Giving importance to prevailing nursing problems is a good starting point

for exploring research subjects.
a. Measurability
b. Resource availability
 c. Originality
d. Significance

8. Appropriateness of statistical tools are available to test the hypothesis and

to validate and justify research findings.
a. Resource availability
b. Measurability
c. Significance
d. Originality

9. Target respondents must be available and accessible to the researcher as

well as all other resources to pursue the research on time.
a. Measurability
b. Manageability
c. Resource availability
d. Significance

10. Which of the following is NOT an example of problem areas in nursing

under clinician specialization?
a. Psychiatric nursing
b. Communicable diseases
c. Community health
d. None of the above
e. All of the above

Module 9: Related Literature

1. These are non-research reference materials written by authorities on the
subject of the research study.
a. Research or Empirical Literature
b. Data-based Material or Research Literature
c. Conceptual or Theoretical Literature
d. Refereed Journals

2. These consist of studies and researches or theses and dissertations,

published or unpublished, which have a bearing on the current research.
This is also called data-based literature.
a. Refereed Journals
b. Conceptual or theoretical literature
c. Research or empirical literature
d. Nursing theories
3. ______________________________ serve as pieces of evidence which can be used in
making patient-care decisions.
a. Data-based Material or Research Literature
b. Refereed journals
c. Ideas from sources
d. Empirical studies

4. ______________________________ has a panel of external and internal reviewers or

editors who review submitted manuscripts for possible publications.
a. Nursing theories
b. Refereed journals
c. Empirical literature
d. Data based material or research literature

5. Literature can be taken from theoretical systems and conceptual schemes

developed in nursing and related disciplines.
a. Nursing theories
b. Empirical literature
c. Data based material or research literature
d. Refereed journals

6. Research studies may be pursued upon the suggestion of experts, interest

groups and government or non-government agencies based on current
needs or problems of the general population.
a. Refereed journals
b. Ideas from sources
c. Empirical studies
d. Nursing theories

7. Previous observations and experiences prior to the current research can

help enrich knowledge and deepen understanding of the inquiry.
a. Ideas from sources
b. Empirical studies
c. Nursing theories
d. Refereed journals
 8. ______________________________ is a form of triangulation which makes use of
multiple sources and reference or multiple findings to draw conclusions
about the validity or truth of findings which makes it critical for the
development of nursing science.
a. Replications
b. Thesis review
c. Review of related research
d. Thesis abstract

9. This describes research content of previous studies conducted, hence

descriptive elements predominate.
a. Replications
b. Thesis review
c. Review of related research
d. Thesis abstract

10. This reveals research aims, methodology and results, the purpose of which
is to identify similarities and differences of previous researches with the
current research and to determine what the latter can further contribute to
the field of the study.
a. Replications
b. Thesis review
c. Review of related research
d. Thesis abstract

Module 10: Defining Terminologies

1. ___________________________ is a definition that is universally understood.
a. Conceptual definition
b. Operational definition
c. Denotative definition
d. Connotative definition

2. __________________________ is the researcher’s own definition of terms as used in

the study.
a. Conceptual definition
b. Operational definition
c. Denotative definition
d. Connotative definition
3. _____________________________ can be thought of as dictionary meanings or
definitions.
a. Lexical definitions
b. Connotative definition
c. Denotative definition
d. Operational definition

4. _____________________________ is related to the subjective and cultural

experiences of individuals.
a. Lexical definitions
b. Connotative definition
c. Denotative definition
d. Operational definition

5. These are definitions taken from authorities on the subjects or terms being
defined.
a. Lexical definitions
b. Connotative definition
c. Denotative definition
d. Operational definition

6. Which of the following is an example of denotative definition?

a. Nurse – one who cares for people, sick or well
b. Nurse – warm, gentle mannered
c. Nurse – eating lunch, drinking coffee
d. Nurse – works at PJG

7. Which of the following is an example of connotative definition?

a. Nursing student – reliable, intelligent
b. Nursing student – one taking up Nursing degree
c. Nursing student – Third year, studying at AU
d. Nursing student – dean’s lister

8. Which of the following is an example of an operational definition?

a. Motivation - Something that causes a person to act
b. Motivation – noun
c. Motivation – the reason or reasons one has for acting or behaving in a
particular way.
d. Motivation – ability of the nurse on duty to accomplish her task on time.
9. Which of the following is an example of conceptual definition?
 a. Problem – A source of perplexity or vexation
b. Problem – failing grades
c. Problem – road traffic
d. Problem – water shortage

10. Which of the following is an example of lexical definition?

a. According to Gratton and Jones (2009), research is a systematic process
of discovery and advancement of human knowledge.
b. Research defense will be at room 500B, 8am.
c. My classmate told me that it will rain later at 5pm.
d. According to my teacher, there will be no classes tomorrow.

Module 11: Assumptions

1. These are assumptions derived from the personal knowledge of the
researcher or from observed facts, experiences and findings of
previous researches which are directly related to the problem of inquiry.
a. Study assumptions
b. Universal assumptions
c. Theory or research-based assumptions

2. These are assertions needed in the pursuit of the study which are taken as
starting points from where a study can proceed.
a. Study assumptions
b. Universal assumptions
c. Theory or research-based assumptions

3. These are assumptions derived from theories generated by previous

research in a field of study but which await further confirmation and
validation.
a. Study assumptions
b. Universal assumptions
c. Theory or research-based assumptions

4. Identify the assumption based on the given statement: “Rest and sleep
influence mood.”
a. Universal assumption
b. Study assumption
c. Theory or research-based assumption
5. Identify the assumption based on the given statement: “All blondes have
blue eyes.”
 a. Universal assumption
b. Study assumption
c. Theory or research-based assumption

6. Identify the assumption based on the given statement: “The prevalence of

Kwashiorkor is determined by a country’s economy.
a. Universal assumption
b. Study assumption
c. Theory or research-based assumption

7. Identify the assumption based on the given statement: “Work recognition

boosts morale of employees.”
a. Universal assumption
b. Study assumption
c. Theory or research-based assumption

8. Identify the assumption based on the given statement: “Duty shift affects
work performance.”
a. Universal assumption
b. Study assumption
c. Theory or research-based assumption

9. Identify the assumption based on the given statement: “A disinfectant kills

harmful microorganisms.”
a. Universal assumption
b. Study assumption
c. Theory or research-based assumption

10. Identify the assumption based on the given statement: “Clients with
depression have feelings of unworthiness.”
a. Universal assumption
b. Study assumption
c. Theory or research-based assumption

Module 12: Hypotheses

1. It is also called univariate hypothesis.
a. Simple hypothesis
b. Complex hypothesis
c. Directional hypothesis
d. Non-directional hypothesis
2. It is also called multivariate hypothesis because it involves multiple variable.
a. Simple hypothesis
b. Complex hypothesis
c. Directional hypothesis
d. Non-directional hypothesis

3. ____________________________ states the nature (positive or negative) between

two or more variables.
a. Simple hypothesis
b. Complex hypothesis
c. Directional hypothesis
d. Non-directional hypothesis

4. ____________________________ states that a relationship exists but does not predict

the nature of the relationship.
a. Simple hypothesis
b. Complex hypothesis
c. Directional hypothesis
d. Non-directional hypothesis

5. ____________________________ proposes relationship among variables that occur

or exist together in the real world, so that when one variable changes, the
other changes.
a. Associative hypothesis
b. Causal hypothesis
c. Statistical hypothesis
d. Research hypothesis

6. ____________________________ proposes a cause-and effect interaction between

two or more variables.
a. Causal hypothesis
b. Associative hypothesis
c. Research hypothesis
d. Statistical hypothesis

7. It is also known as alternative hypothesis.

a. Causal hypothesis
b. Associative hypothesis
c. Research hypothesis
 d. Statistical hypothesis

8. This is also known as scientific or null hypothesis.

a. Causal hypothesis
b. Associative hypothesis
c. Research hypothesis
d. Statistical hypothesis

9. Which of the following statements is an example of Statistical hypothesis?

a. Infants born to heroin-addicted mothers do not have the same birth
weight as infants born to non-heroin addicted mothers.
b. There is a significant relationship between maternal heroin addiction
and birth weight of infants.
c. Students who eat breakfast and have an eight-hour sleep will have good
performance in academics.
d. The older the patient, the greater the risk that she/he will fall.

10. Which of the following statements is an example of directional hypothesis?

a. Older Nurses are less likely to express approval of their
Expanding Role than Younger Nurses.
b. Older patients differ from younger ones with respect to their moods.
c. Dyspnea, fatigue and sleep are related to functional performance
d. Intellectual curiosity is related to high self-esteem