Macpherson Constitution 1951
The Macpherson Constitution of 1951 was a significant constitutional document in the history
of Nigeria. It marked an important step towards self-government and greater political
participation for Nigerians. The constitution was named after Sir John Macpherson, the then
Governor General of Nigeria.
Some of the key features and provisions of the Macpherson Constitution were:
1. Legislative Councils: The constitution established three regional Legislative Councils in
Nigeria, one each for the Northern, Eastern, and Western regions. These councils were
empowered to make laws for their respective regions, subject to certain limitations.
2. Regional Autonomy: The Macpherson Constitution granted a significant degree of
autonomy to the regional governments. Each region had its own Executive Council and
Premier, responsible for the administration of the region.
3. Central Government: While regional autonomy was increased, the constitution also
maintained a central government for Nigeria. The central government had authority over
certain matters, such as defense, foreign affairs, and fiscal policy.
4. Regional Assemblies: The constitution introduced regional assemblies, which served as
advisory bodies to the regional governments. These assemblies included representatives
from various interest groups, such as traditional rulers, business associations, and
educational institutions.
5. Representation: The Macpherson Constitution expanded the electoral franchise and
increased the number of eligible voters. It allowed more Nigerians, including women, to
participate in the political process and vote in elections.
6. Political Parties: The constitution encouraged the formation of political parties. It
recognized the importance of political parties as vehicles for political mobilization and
representation.
7. Judicial System: The constitution established regional courts, which had the power to
handle certain legal matters within their respective regions. The regional courts were
hierarchically organized, with the Supreme Court serving as the highest appellate court for
all regions.
8. Amendment Process: The Macpherson Constitution provided a mechanism for its
amendment. Amendments could be proposed by the Governor-General or by a regional
legislative council. However, certain provisions of the constitution, such as those related to
the central government, required special majorities for amendment.
The Macpherson Constitution of 1951 was an important milestone in Nigeria's constitutional
development. It granted greater autonomy and representation to the regions, laying the
foundation for subsequent constitutional reforms and eventually leading to Nigeria's
independence in 1960.
