MEDIA AND INFORMATION representation.

Students use it in their

projects: teachers and pre- service
LITERACY teachers use it to study pedagogy; and
I- Challenges and Opportunities researchers use it for capturing and
examining how learning happens, as they
 The Media and Information can function to unfold.
strengthen and enrich the connections
The perspectivity framework
between citizens and intermediary
organization including political parties, - Perspectivity frames how learners,
social movement, as well as the economy. teachers and researchers make meaning
 The spread of new freedoms and extent of of events from both individual and multiple
frontiers of freedom that the public points of viewing.
authorities have often attempted to
control; religious, freedoms, gender, In sites using video
ethnicity and sexual freedoms based on
social and cultural identities. - Learners have been able to integrate a
variety of digital media forms into
OPPORTUNITY – It is situations that makes documents. Multimedia, hypermedia, new
possible to do something. media are the terms we have used to
describe this use of visual media in
ECONOMY – Media improves the efficiency
learning. Of course, this is not the
of the economy by providing actors more and
beginning of our use of a variety of media
better information with which make decisions to learn. People have always use diverse
and improving stability. visual media to communicate with each
Media enhances political coordination in the other and learn.
development of sound economic policy. B. SOCIAL - In today‟s world, media
Media sector development can reduce becomes as essential as our daily needs.
political risk, increasing stability for higher risk Media of today is playing an outstanding
countries. role in creating and shaping of public
opinion and strengthening of society.
Economic Impact Media is the sword arm of democracy.
Media acts as watchdog to protect public
- Economic actors need accurate and
interest against malpractice and create
timely information to allocate resources
public awareness.
efficiently, investors and other groups
C. POLITICAL - Political The political
increasing value and demand a
landscape has changed quite a bit in the
governance- monitoring role from the
last couple of decades. The internet has
media.
played a large role in this transformation.
- New Industry Social media, in particular, is now a
- Film Production serious factor in political campaigns and in
- Entertainment Programs the way people think about issues.
- Print Candidates and their supporters
- Broadcast constantly post their views on Facebook
- Mobile Communication Internet and Twitter. Each party has its own
pages, from which it broadcasts
- Advertising and
propaganda and requests for donations.
- Public Relations Education Let‟s look at some of the leading ways
that social media influences politics today.
A. EDUCATION
News Around the Clock
The highly Visual Evolution
- One of the ways that social media has
- As we know from the recent ubiquity of transformed politics is the sheer speed at
online digital video, video has become a which news, poll results and rumors are
compelling tool for educational shared. Whereas in the pre-internet days,

~Roslyn B. Ignacio Stem 12- Saturn

 people had to wait for the next newspaper Demographics and Targeting
or TV news show to get the latest
information, online news is a 24/7 - Targeting is used throughout the
phenomenon. advertising industry to make sure that ads
- Social media has taken this a step further. and messages reach the right audience.
While you can access news on many Politicians do this as well. In the age of
websites at any hour, most people spend social media, politicians and people
more time on sites such as Facebook and running for office are able to target their
Twitter than they do on serious news or campaigns.
political websites. This means that you get - If a candidate wants to address the
all of the latest trending news stories and
concerns of women, college students,
opinions shared by your friends whenever
retired people, Latinos or any other group
you log on
of voters, they can now tailor their
The Impact of Polls messages. Just as advertisers on
Facebook are able to use analytics and
- Political polls are an important part of
targeted advertising, so can candidates
every campaign. They are often
and politicians. Thus, if you notice that
confusing, because you can often find
political messages seem to be talking to
multiple polls with contradictory results
you personally, this is no accident.
posted on the very same day.
- As with other types of political news, the CHALLENGES - It is something new and
internet has greatly increased the number difficult which requires great effort and
of poll result as we see each day. Social determination.
media has accelerated this even more. -Illegal content
Not only do social media sites report the
results of polls, you can actually -Cybercrime
participate in Facebook polls.
-Copyright Infringement
- Polls results have a big influence on
elections. This is true even if they are - Identity Theft
flawed. A poll can be a self-fulfilling ILLEGAL CONTENT – It‟s any type of
prophecy. For example, if people think content that could be damaging to young
one candidate is far ahead in the race, people, including:
they might conclude there‟s no point in
voting for the underdog. When people are - real or simulated violence
posting the latest poll results on social - Sexually explicit content
media throughout the day, there‟s a great - Illegal images of child sexual abuse
deal of pressure on candidates to pull
- content promoting hate based on race,
ahead of their opponents.
religion Or sexual preference
Direct Interaction With Politicians - content instructing or promoting crime or
violence
One of the positive effects that social media
has on politics is the opportunity for voters to - content promoting violent extremism
interact more easily with candidates and - content that advocates unsafe behavior
elected officials. Traditionally, if you wanted like extreme dieting or drug taking.
to meet a politician or candidate, you'd have CYBERCRIME – the use of a computer as an
to attend a live event. Not everyone is able to instrument to further illegal ends -criminal
do this. With modern technology, it's now activity or a crime that involves the internet, a
possible to attend virtual events where you computer system or a computer technology.
can participate in live streaming events and
interact with politicians and candidates.

~Roslyn B. Ignacio Stem 12- Saturn

 COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT – It is the condition, output, or process, or an average
use of works protected by copyright law or general tendency of a series of data points
without permission, infringing certain to move in a certain direction over time,
exclusive rights granted to the copyright represented by a line or curve on a graph
holder, such as the right to reproduce,
distribute, display or perform the protected
work, or to make derivative works. Fad- this term is said to be defined as
something that becomes extremely popular
IDENTITY THEFT – It is the deliberate use
within a short period of time and then goes
of someone else‟s identity, usually as a
out of style or stops being used in almost the
method to gain a financial advantage or
same short period of time.
obtain credit and other benefits in the other
person‟s name, and perhaps to the other - Nowadays, people create new things out
person‟s disadvantage or loss. of their ideas and creative mind knowing
POWER that it will be popular and it will make a
trend. Especially in today's generation, a
„Media power‟ means here the concentration simple invention will lead to a bigger and
of symbolic power in media institutions, popular one thanks to social media and
particularly those of television, radio and the technology, we can't stop the trends
press (the common- sense definition of „the because it will be widely spread on the
media‟), although the long-term impact of new internet.
media on media power is considered.
Media and Information Literacy recognizes
BUSINESS STRATEGY – It‟s a trend that is the primary role of information and media in
already spreading to businesses beyond the our everyday lives. It lies at the core of
newsroom, whether it be because of digital freedom of expression and information - since
marketing or new customer service it empowers citizens to understand the
communication channels functions of media and other information
Banks of the future providers, to critically evaluate their content,
and to make informed decisions as users and
Social media is transforming banking producer of information and media content.
relationships in very significant ways, from
A. EDUCATION
improving customer service to allowing users
to send money to others via online platforms. CURRENT TRENDS
New financial technology companies are
using social media to help people simply • posting grades on to school online
open a bank account. Social media can even systems
impact your ability to get a loan. • assignments uploaded on to classroom
portals
Health Care & Public
• collaborative applications and software for
Health Social media has been responsible for group projects cloud storage use
relevant changes in both personal and • communication via social media platforms
community health, especially by making it designed for education
easier for large numbers of people to rapidly
share information.  MOOC Massive Open Online Course
II - Current Trends in Media and A massive open online course (MOOC) is an
Information online course that has open access and
interactive participation by means of the Web.
Trends - is a behavior or new way of doing
MOOCS provide participants with course
things and it has a big impact on our society.
materials that are normally used in a
It is a sequential pattern of change in a

~Roslyn B. Ignacio Stem 12- Saturn

conventional education setting-such as recorded and added to it in chronological
examples, lectures, videos, study materials order. Blocks keep track of digital currency
and problem sets. transactions without central record keeping.
 Ubiquitous Learning -learning at any How blockchain works
time, at any place.
-transaction is required
The main characteristics of ubiquitous
- block representing the transaction is created
learning are:
-block is sent to every node in the network -
Permanency: Learning materials are always
Nodes validate the transaction and receive a
available unless purposely deleted.
reward for proof of work
Accessibility: Access from everywhere as
-block is added to the existing blockchain
personally required
and the transaction is complete.
Immediacy: Wherever a student is, he/she
Uses of Blockchain
can immediately access learning materials.
Interactivity: Online collaboration with -Smart Conteacts
teachers and/or peers (chat/blogs/forums)
-Digital currency
Situated instructional Activities: Learning
in context (on-site). -Securities

Adaptability: Getting the right information at -Record Keeping

the right place for the right student.  Artificial Intelligence is a branch of
 Internet of things science producing and studying the
machines aimed at the stimulation of
The internet of things, or lot, is system of human intelligence processes. The main
interrelated computing devices, mechanical objective of Al is to optimize the routine
and machines, objects, animals or Osearch processes, improving their speed and
digital a people that are provided with unique efficiency (provided it has been
identifiers (UIDS) and the ability to transfer implemented and supported properly). As
data over a network without requiring human- a result, the number of companies
to-human or human- to-computer interaction. adopting AI continues to grow worldwide.
 Smart spaces 10 ROLES FOR ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE IN EDUCATION
These trends permit permit rethinking of
established communication modes between 1. Activity automation
entities, creating what is called "Smart
Spaces". "Smart Office" or "Smart Homes". 2. Adaptive software

A smart space is dynamic federation of 3. Targeted improvement

wireless components into an adhoc network, 4. Tutorial support
to enable us work more effectively with
available devices. Smart spaces make work 5. Helpful feedback
easier and increase efficiency 6. Information interaction
 Block chain technology 7. Changing teacher roles
A blockchain is a digitized, decentralized 8. Trial-and error learning
public ledger of all cryptocurrency
transactions. It consists of blocks. Blocks are 9. Actionable data
the most recent transactions and they are 10. Changing learning nature

~Roslyn B. Ignacio Stem 12- Saturn

B. Wearable Technology used to deter counterfeiting of currency,
credit by ath sanusia cards, and identification.
"Wearable Device" definitions "Electronics,
mechanical technologies, and functional III. Design Thinking Process
materials that are attached to the body,
The design Thinking Process
unsupported by the hands"
 empathize
"Modern wearable technology is defined as
incorporating a microprocessor and an  define
internet connection"  ideate
 prototype
Wearable Technologies is the pioneer and  test
worldwide leading innovation and market
development platform for technologies worn PROTOTYPE
close to the body, on the body or even in the "The first example of something, such as a
body. machine or other industrial product, from
RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) is a which all later forms are developed."
form of wireless communication that I- Media and Information Literate
incorporates the use of electromagnetic or Individual
electrostatic coupling in the radio frequency
portion of the electromagnetic spectrum to A media literate person can decode,
uniquely identify an object, animal or person. evaluate, analyze and produce both print and
Every RFID system consists of three electronic media. The fundamental objective
components: scanning antenna, a transceiver of media literacy is critical autonomy
and a transponder. relationship to all media. Emphases in media
literacy training range widely, including
Virtual Reality vs. Augmented Reality informed citizenship, aesthetic appreciation
Virtual Reality- An artificial environment and expression,social advocacy,self-esteem,
where people can do things and Interact in and consumer competence.
that environment using mobile devices such Media Effects: A Definition
as Vr glasses.
 Therefore, media effects are those things that
C. Virtual Reality vs. Augmented Reality occur as a result-either in part or in whole-
VIRTUAL REALITY (VR) is an artificial. from media influence.
computer-generated simulation or recreation
of a real life environment or situation. It Can be individual, like:
immerses the user primarily by stimulating
their vision and hearing. - Cognitive media effect (influences metal
processes or outcome)
AUGMENTED REALITY AR is the term used
to describe an enhanced view of real life by - Beliefs (cognitions about the probability that
overlaying computer-generated content. This object or event is associated with a given
computer- generated 'virtual content' can be attribute.
almost anything - video, 3D models, dynamic
web content - and it can be triggered by an - Attitudes (judgments about something)
image, a location or a combination of the two. - Affect (the feelings that people experience)
D. Hologram
- Physiological effect (can be pupil dilation,
HOLOGRAM - A laser-generated image with blood pressure, sexual arousal, etc).
three-dimensional properties, increasingly
- Behaviors (overt actions of an individual)

~Roslyn B. Ignacio Stem 12- Saturn

 to conversations that may not be directly
SOCIALNOMICS linked to your brand but share a similar
- how social media transforms the way we audience.
live and do business.
-the value created and shared via social THE SOCIAL BUTTERFLY - This breed of
media and its efficient influence on outcomes social media user never seems to stop
[economic, political, relational, etc.]. showing you how small the world is by getting
tagged in pictures with what seems to be
THE LISTENER - An active social media user every person you've ever met. If you want to
who prefers to fly under the radar. They might know how popular they are, just check their
enjoy your posts but that doesn't mean they social channels!
will actually click Like, so the rest of
Facebook knows. Comments are few and far BEST WAY TO REACH THEM:
between, while posting to their own wall is Be social and make them feel included.
more or less a foreign and misunderstood
concept. THE TROLL - That person that always
manages to cross that line from unpleasant
BEST WAY TO REACH THEM: Through their opposition to downright hate speech, no
friends and family and the element of social matter how sensitive or irrelevant the issue.
proof. These people aren't worth any more time
than it takes to hit the "block" button.
THE ACTIVIST- A compassionate heart and
desire for change gives this type of user a BEST WAY TO REACH THEM:
knack for promotion. They realize the power Don't feed the trolls. Ignore and block this
of social media and strive to have their voice group of people completely!
heard to make a difference.
THE INFLUENCER - A very small
BEST WAY TO REACH THEM: Help them percentage of people create original content.
spread messages they care about. I've heard it's as low as 1%. Influencers are
those that are creating high-quality content
THE SPAMMER - This is the type of person and sharing their knowledge with their social
that tells themselves their cheesy posts count media community. They are passionate about
as "quality content" and that sending weekly their topic and love to help educate others.
promotional messages directly to your inbox They completely understand "quality content"
is cool since you are Facebook friends. and live and breathe it every day.

BEST WAY TO REACH THEM: BEST WAY TO REACH THEM:

By removing them as a friend/connection. Share and engage with their content
That should send the message. whenever possible.

THE PASSIONISTA - A wonderful breed of THE EARLY ADOPTER - They were on

user that truly enhances the social media Facebook or LinkedIn before it was
world. Bonded by passion, this type of social mainstream and love to remind you about it.
media user focuses their time on exploring This special user has also likely moved on to
and sharing their passion with others online. all the new, shiny social platforms that you
might hear about months from now.
BEST WAY TO REACH THEM:
Find new and clever ways to demonstrate BEST WAY TO REACH THEM:
your shared passion. Share content within Be ahead of the curve and go all the way with
your community (niche) and contribute ideas an exploding trend before it really takes off.

~Roslyn B. Ignacio Stem 12- Saturn

It's all or nothing for this bunch as they can be The Virgins - Taking first tentative steps in
quite a tough crowd to please. social media.
The Changelings - Adopt complotoly now
THE BLACK BOOKER -A true relationship
personality online so no-one knows real
builder, this person looks at social media in
Identity.
the most practical way possible: a means to
communicate with other people. Long before The Ranters - Meek and mild in face-to-face
the days of mobile, these people swore by conversations. Highly opinionated online.
having a little black book full of phone
The Ghosts - Create anonymous profiles, for
numbers.
fear of giving out personal information to
BEST WAY TO REACH THEM: strangers.
Provide tools that bring them closer to their The Peacocks - Popularity contest. High
clients and connections and ensure your numbers of followers, fans, 'likes' and re-
messaging focuses on relationship building. tweets essential.

THE FAMILY PERSON -These users tend to Functions of the Media

avoid technology but fell in love with social  Interpretation
media the moment they realized they could Helps people make sense of the events
keep in touch with their family members from taking place Framing issues in ways that
every corner of the world, as if they were right resonate with consumers.
across the street.
 Socialization
BEST WAY TO REACH
THEM: Try out social media contests that are Teaching us about the world around us
focused on bringing them closer to loved Reinforce economic and social values
ones while remaining relevant to your brand. The Media and Public Opinion
TYPE OF SOCIAL MEDIA PERSONALITY - The Media Influencos Public Opinion:
Media help set national agenda
A distinct new breed of social media - Agenda setting focuses public attention
personalities have started appearing over the on certain aspects of American politics
years. and ignores others
- Influences what larues people think are
The Addict - Always catch them checking important or not Important
their feed for the latest update. Happily - Stories that are likely to receive high
admits obsession. ratings
- Media can force politicians to confront
The Lurker - Hides in the social media
issues that they might
shadow. Watches what others are saying, but
not have otherwise addressed
rarely contributes in the conversations
themselves. - Television "personalizes" elections
- Media stress short-term elements of
The Hermit Crab - Access their pages elections at expense
infrequently, often going weeks or days of long-term elements (eg, party affiliation)
without posting, as if they are living in a shell. - Those who "consume media in turn
The Social Butterfly - Popularity contest. influence other
High numbers of followers, retweets, and - Politicians frame issues, Influence the "
likes are essential. will give to their issues roin the media

~Roslyn B. Ignacio Stem 12- Saturn

- Rise of advocacy journalism/adversarial The mass media function as
journalism rather than a mere reporting of socialization agents for children and
the news adults in several ways:
Media and Elections - They inform us about events
SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN - They introduce us to a wide variety of
GOVERNMENT AND THE PRESS people
- They provide an array of viewpoints on
- Journalists need politicians to inform and current issues
entertain their audiences - They make us aware of products and
- Politicians need journalists for media services that if we purchase them,
exposure supposedly will help us to be accepted by
- Big staffs of media people working for others
Congress and the President - They entertain us by providing the
- Press releases-canned news opportunity to live vicariously
- Leaks to reporters about news events MEDIA BIAS: A WORKING DEFINITION
- On-record, off-record information
 The real or perceived limitation of the I
- Presidential rewards and punishments for
reporters based on their stories press to be objective in their
newsgathering and reporting.
Big staffs of media people working for
 Media bias is also derogatively called
Congress and the President
"spin." You may hear politicians say: "The
media spun that story to make me look
USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN EDUCATION bad. That is not how it happened."
- Professional Development
- Course Assignments WHAT CAUSES BIAS?
- Online Learning 1. A non-diverse newsroom.
- Collaborative Learning 2. Pressure from advertisers & interest
- Personal Learning Network (PLN) groups.
- Integrating Real World Applications into 3. Reduced funding due to lower ratings.
Teaching 4. Government funding cuts.
5. Political affiliations that arise from the
ideological positions of media owners and
E-Commerce- Commercial transactions journalists.
carried out electronically on the Internet. 6. A culture of sensationalism.

Social Commerce - a combination of PEOPLE MEDIA

Social networking and e commerce  refers to persons that are involved in the
use, analysis, evaluation and production
Social Media Marketing (SMM) uses social of media and information
media portals to positively influence
People in Media and People as Media
consumers toward a website, company,
brand, product, service, or a person. People as Media

Mass Media as an Agent of People who are well-oriented to media

Socialization sources and messages and able to provide
information as accurate and reliable as
possible.

~Roslyn B. Ignacio Stem 12- Saturn

 People in Media 2. Crowd creation. This type involves a
company asking its customers to help with
Media practitioners who provide information
new products. This way, companies get
coming from their expert knowledge or first-
brand new ideas and thoughts that help a
hand experience of event.
business stand out. For instance,
PEOPLE AS MEDIA McDonald‟s is open to new ideas from its
consumers. The famous fast food
OPINION LEADERS company asked customers to create their
 highly exposed to and actively using perfect burgers and submit their ideas to
media the brand. The company released
 source of viable interpretation of winners‟ burgers each week, including the
messages for lower- end media users creator's short bio.
 opinions are accepted by a group
3. Crowd voting. It‟s a type of
Good examples of key opinion leaders are crowdsourcing where customers are
political figures, columnists and celebrities allowed to choose a winner. They can
who are known for their work. All key opinion vote to decide which of the options is the
leaders have prominent status in their own best for them. This type can be applied to
communities and their opinions are valued different situations. Consumers can
and listened to choose one of the options provided by
experts or products created by
CITIZEN JOURNALISM
consumers. For instance, if a brand asks
 People without professional journalism its consumers to create a new taste,
training can use the tools of modern package, or design of a product, other
technology and internet to create, consumers vote to identify the best one
augment or factcheck media on their own
or in collaboration with others. 4. Crowdfunding. It‟s when people collect
money and ask for investments for
SOCIAL JOURNALISM
charities, projects, and startups without
 Journalists are using social media to planning to return the money to the
make their content available to more owners. People do it voluntarily. Often,
people. companies gather money to help
individuals and families suffering from
CROWDSOURCING
natural disasters, poverty, social
 the practice of obtaining needed services, problems, etc.
ideas, or content by soliciting contributions PEOPLE IN MEDIA TYPES OF
from a large group of people and JOURNALIST BY MEDIUM:
especially from the online community.
o Print Journalists
1. Wisdom of the crowd. It’s a collective opinion of o Photojournalists
different individuals gathered in a group. This o Broadcast Journalists
type is used for decision-making since it allows o Multimedia Journalist
one to find the best solution for problems. Many TEXT INFORMATION AND MEDIA
brands pay attention to the collective opinion
of their customers because they help bring  A non-fiction writing written with intention
their businesses new ways of thinking, ideas, of informing the reader about a specific
and strategies. As a result, the overall topic.
performance of a company improves
Characteristics

~Roslyn B. Ignacio Stem 12- Saturn

 A text any media product we wish to  (advertisements,photographs,paintings,
examine. film, music videos, video games, picture
 A text has its limitation too books, movie poster)
 A text is effortful to comprehend
FORMATS AND TYPES TYPES OF TEXT
Types HYPERTEXT – serve to link different
electronic documents and enable users to
 Magazines jump from one to other in a nonlinear way.
 Textbooks and Instruction Manuals
 Newspaper Articles PLAINTEXT OR UNFORMATTED TEXT-
 Brochures fixed sized characters having essentially the
 Encyclopedia Articles same type of appearance.

Formats FORMATTED TEXT – appearance can be

changed using font parameters
 Documentary (bold,underline,italic,font size, font color,etc.)
 Interview
 News Article
 Advertisement
TYPEFACE
 Images
 Also called font,font type, or type
 Refers to the representation or style of a
ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS
text in the digital format
Advantages  Usually comprised of alphabets, numbers,
punctuation marks, symbols, and other
o Availability special characters.
o Flexibility
o Portability
o User-friendly TYPE OF TYPEFACE
o Economical
1. SERIF
Limitations  Connotes formality and readability in large
amount of texts
o Lacks of inherent exprssiveness of  Usually used for the body text of books,
speech newspapers, magazines and research
o A transcript may accurately record the publication.
spoken words, but the strategic and  Give a classic or elegant look when used
emotive qualities and impact of speech for title or heading.
are diminished on the page.  (ex. Times New Roman, Garamond,
Baskerville)
Values
o New Information 2. SLAB SERIF
o Varying Formats  caries a solid or heavy look to text
o Portability  can be used for large advertising sign on
o Analytical Thinking billboards
o Motivation  (ex. Rockwell,Playbill)

3. SANS SERIF
TEXT AS VISUAL  Brings a clean or minimalis look to the text
 Used for clear and direct meaning of text
 A text that we view
such as road signage, building directory or
 The words and images work together to
nutrition facts in food packages.
create meaningful patterns, symbols,
 Give a modern look and is used primarily
ideas and messages for the reader.
in webpage design

~Roslyn B. Ignacio Stem 12- Saturn

 (ex. Arial, Heveltica, Tahoma, Verdana,  Repeating some typefaces within the
Calibri) page

4. SCRIPT 7. CONTRAST
 Draws much attention to itself because of  Creates visual interest
its brush-like strokes  Two elements are different from each
 Must be used sparingly and not to be other
used in large body text
 Usually used in wedding invitation cards
or other formal events. VISUAL MEDIA AND INFORMATION
 Ex. Edwardian, Vladimir, Kunstler  Materials, programs, applications, and like
that teachers and students use to
5. DECORATIVE formulate new information to aid learning
 Caters to a wide variety of emotions (such through the use, analysis,evaluation and
as celebration, fear, horror,etc.) or themes production of new visual images.
(such as cowboys, circus, holidays,
summer, kiddle, etc.)
 Ex. Chiller, Jokerman, Curlz MT Examples
 Photography
DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND ELEMENTS  Video
1. EMPHASIS  Screenshots
 importance or value given to a part of the  Infographics
text-based content  Data Visualization (charts and graphs)
 make the text bold  Comic strips / Cartoons
 italicized  Memes
 have a heavier weight  Visual note-taking
 darkened or lightened
 enlarged
PURPOSE OF VISUAL INFORMATION
2. APPROPRIATENESS
 How fitting or suitable the text is used for o Gain attention
a specific audience, purpose or event. o Create meaning
o Facilitate retention
3. PROXIMITY
 How near or how far the text elements COMMON VISUAL MEDIA FILE TYPES
from each other
 When two things are closely related, bring  JPEG
them close together – WEB GRAPHICS
4. ALIGNMENT  Probably the most web friendly format
 How the text is positioned in the page there is. JPEG is great for images when
 Left, center, right, or justified. you need to keep the size small, such as
when you need to upload it online. If you
5. ORGANIZATION don‟t mind compromising the quality of the
 Conscious effort to organize the different image a bit, use JPEG.
text elements in a page
 Ensures that while some text elements  GIF
are separated from each other, they are  WEB GRAPHICS/ANIMATION/CLIP ART
still somehow connected with the rest of  Out of the three formats (GIF,JPEG,PNG)
the elements in the page. GIF is the worst choice for web graphics,
although file sizes are very small, and
6. REPETITION they load very fast. Plus if you want to add
 Consistency of elements animation effects, use GI. Also great for
 Unity of the entire design clip art.

~Roslyn B. Ignacio Stem 12- Saturn

  Illusion of the surfaces peaks and valleys,
 TIFF resulting in a feeling of smoothness or
 PRINT GRAPHICS roughness in objects.
 TIFF is the best and only choice for
professionals when images are intended COLOR
for print. Its ability to read CMYK and  Determined by its hue ( name of color ),
YcbCr color, plus ts ability to store such intensity (purity of the hue), and value
high pixel intensity makes it the only (lightness or darkness of hue)
choice for designers, photographers and  Used for emphasis, or may elicit emotions
publishers. from viewers.
 PNG FORM
 WEB GRAPHICS/ LOGOS AND LINE
ART  A figure having a volume and thickness
 PNGs are great for web graphics. If you  An illusion of a 3-dimensional object can
want to keep the size small, but still retain be implied with the use of light and
the image quality, use PNG. Also if you shading
want to use transparencies, the PNG is  Can be viewed from many angles
the format for you.
VISUAL DESIGN PRINCIPLES
 BMP
 PRINT GRAPHICS 1. CONSISTENCY
 These files are large and uncompressed,  Consistency of margins,
but the images are rich in color, high in typeface,typestyle, and color is necessary,
quality, simple and compatible in all especially in slide presentations or
windows OS and programs. BMP are also documents that are more than one page.
called raster or paint images.
2. CENTER OF INTEREST
ELEMENTS OF VISUAL DESIGN  An area that first attracts attention in a
composition
 Important objects or elements in a
LINE composition
 Describes a shape or outline  Can be achieved by contrast of values,
 Create texture and can be thick or thin more colors, and placement.
 May be actual, implied, vertical,
horizontal, diagonal, or contour lines. 3. BALANCE
 Visual equality in shape, form, value,
color, etc.
SHAPE  Can be symmetrical and evenly or
asymmetrical and unevenly balanced
 A geometric or organic area that standa
out form the space next to or around it, or 4. HARMONY
because of differences in value, color, or
 Brings together a composition with a
texture.
similar units
VALUE  Notice how similar harmony is to unity
(some sources list both terms)
 The degree of light and dark in a design
 Contrast between black and white all the 5. CONTRAST
tones in between  Offers some change in value creating a
visual discord in a composition
TEXTURE  Shows the difference between shapes
and can be used as a background to bring
 Way a surface feels or is perceived to feel objects out and forward in a design

~Roslyn B. Ignacio Stem 12- Saturn

 Can also be used to create an area of 4. SOUND CLIPS/EFFECTS – any sound
emphasis. artificially reproduced to create an effect in
a damatic presentation (ex. Sound of a
6. DIRECTONAL MOVEMENT
storm, or a door)
 A visual flow through the composition
 Can be the suggestion of motion in a
design as you move from object to object 5. AUDIO PODCAST – a digital audio or
by way placement and position video file or recordinh, usually part of a
themed seriex, that can be downloaded
7. RHYTHM from a website to a media player or a
 A movement in which some elements computer.
recur regularly
 Like a dance, it will have a flow of objects
that will seem to be like the bear of music WAYS TO STORE AUDIO INFORMATION

8. PERSPECTIVE 1. TAPE – magnetic tape on which sound

 Created through the arrangement of can be recorded.
objects in two dimensional space to look
like they appear in real life 2. CD (Compact Disc) - a plastic –
 Learned meaning of the relationship fabricated, circular medium for recording,
between different objects seen in space
storing, and playing back audio, video,
9. DOMINANCE and computer data.
 Gives interest, counteracting confusion
and monotony 3. USB Drive – an external flash drive,
 Can be applied to one or more of the small enough to carry on a key ring, that
elements to give emphasis can be used with any computer that has a
USB Port.
AUDIO MEDIA AND INFORMATION
AUDIO - sound, especially when recorded, 4. MEMORY CARD (AKA FLASH
transmitted, or reproduced. MEMORY CARD OR STORAGE CARD)
AUDIO MEDIA – media communication that – is a small storage medium used to store
uses audio or recordings to deliver and data such as text, pictures, audio, and
transfer information through the means of video, for use on small, portable, or
sound. remote computing devices.

TYPES OF AUDIO INFORMATION 5. COMPUTER HARD DRIVE – secondary

1. RADIO BROADCAST – live or recorded storage devices for storing audio file.
audio sent through waves to reach a wide
audience. 6. INTERNET / CLOUD – websites or file
repositories for retrieving audio files, and
2. MUSIC – vocal or instrumental sounds more preciselythe files are stored in some
combined in such a way as to produce datacenter full of servers that is connected
beauty of form, harmony and expression to the Internet.
of emotion.
AUDIO FILE FORMATS
3. SOUND RECORDING - recording of an 1. MP3 (MPEG Audio Layer 3)
interview, meeting, or any sound from the  A common format for consumer audio, as
environment. well as standard of digital audio

~Roslyn B. Ignacio Stem 12- Saturn

 compression for the transfer and playback  Give instruction or Information
of music on most digital audio players.  Provide feedback
 To personalize or customize.
2. M4A/ AAC ( MPEG4 Audio/ Advanced
Audio Coding)
ELEMENTS OF SOUND DESIGN
 An audio coding standard for lossy digital
audio compression. Designed to be the 1. DIALOGUE – speech, conversation, voice
successor of the MP3 format, AAC over
generally achieves better sound quality 2. SOUND EFFECTS – any sound other
than MP3 at similar bit rate. than music or dialogue
3. MUSIC – vocal or instrumental sounds (
3. WAV or both) combined in such a way as to
 A Microsoft audio file format standard for produce beauty of form, harmony, and
storing an audio bit stream on PCs. It has expression of emotion.
become a standard file format for game
sounds, among others. PRINCIPLES OF SOUND DESIGN
1. MIXING – the combination, balance and
4. WMA ( Windows Media Audio) control of multiple sound elements.
 An audio data compression technology
developed by Microsoft and used with 2. PACE – time control, editing, order of
windows media player. events (linear, non-linear or multi- linear)

UNITS OF SOUND
3. STEREO IMAGING – using left and right
 DECIBEL channel for depth. This refers to the
 or simply Db aspect of sound recording and
 Noise of sound measurement reproduction.
4. TRANSITION – how you get one segment
 HERTZ or element to another.
– or simply Hz
TYPES OF TRANSITIONS
– Unit of sound frequency
1. SEGUE – one element stops, the next
 PHON begins (“cut” in film)
 Unit of subjective loudness 2. CROSS- FADE – one element fades out,
the next fades in, and they overlap in the
CHARACTERISTICS AND PURPOSES OF
way.
SOUND
3. V-FADE – first element fades to inaudible
1. VOLUME – intensity of a sound before the second elements begins.
4. WATERFALL – as first elements fades
2. TONE – the audible characteristic of a out, the second element begins at full
sound volume. Better for voice transitions, than
for effects
3. PITCH – is how high or low a sound is.

4. LOUDNESS – the magnitude of the sound HEARING VS. LISTENING

heard. HEARING – the act of perceiving sound by
ear
PURPOSES OF A SOUND:

~Roslyn B. Ignacio Stem 12- Saturn

LISTENING – requires concentration so that  Drawings are rendered
your brain processes menaing from words
and sentences. Listening leads to learning. TYPES OF MOTION MEDIA

MOTION MEDIA AND INFORMATION According to Format:

 Visual media that gives the appearance of ANIMATION – animated GIFs (Graphic
a movement Interchange Format), Flash, Shockwave,
Dynamic HTML
 Can be a collection of graphics footage,
videos. It is combined with audio, text and VIDEO FORMATS / VIDEO CODECS – MP4,
/or interactive content to create DivX, MPG, 3GP, AVI,MKV, etc.
multimedia.
According to Purpose:
 Education
ANIMATIONS – a dynamic medium in which
 Entertainment
images or objects are manipulated to appear
 Advertising
as moving images. In traditional animation,
images are drawn or painted by hand on According to Source
transparent celluloid sheets to be
photographed and exhibited on film. Today  Personal
most animations are made with computer-  Social Media
generated imaagaery. (CGI)  Media Companies
VIDEOS- are produced in the same manner
except that instead of drawing the scenes According to Audience
they are acted out and shot. Once the scenes
 Private/ Public
have been shot, all clips are edited and put
together in a final product.  General / Directed

FLIPBOOK – or flick book is a book with as

series of pictures that vary gradually from one Credibility of Motion Media
page to the next , so that when the pages are
turned rapidly , the pictures appear to  Validity of Information
animate by stimulating motion or some other  Souce
change.  Relationship of the Author to the event
2 FORMS OF MOTION MEDIA
TECHNICAL METHODS TO DETECT FAKE/
1. INFORMAL – created by individuals often
TAMPERED VIDEO:
for personal use
2. FORMAL – created by professionals who
follow industry standards in creating , 1. SMOOTHNESS OF THE VIDEO- this
editing and producing motion media. is often detected when movements are
not smooth; when action seems to
STEPS IN FORMAL PRODUCTION OF jump from one position to another, as if
ANIMATIONS some action was missing.
 Writing the story
 Script is written and dialogue is recorded 2. LIGHTING COVERAGE MATCHES –
 Animators sketch major scenes, one way to detect lighting matches is
inbetweeners fill in the gaps to look at the shadows; the source of
 Background music and background light determines the size and direction
details are added of the shadow.

~Roslyn B. Ignacio Stem 12- Saturn

 4. TRANSITION - used to switch between
3. SCALE AND SIZE CONTENT – scale scenes.
refers to how the size of the objects in
reference to one another are near the 5. SOUND AND COLOR – adds meaning to
real thing. the motion.

ADVANTAGES OF MOTION MEDIA 6. BLURRING – in animation, blurring can

 It captures motion in a manner that can be provide the illusion of fast movement. In
viewed repeatedly videos, it is often used to censor
 It can show processes in detail and in information for security or decency.
sequence
MANIPULATIVE INFORMATION AND
 It enables learning with emotions
MEDIA
 It can cut across different cultures and
groups Manipulative Information and Media
 It allows scenes, history, events and
 Refers to materials, programs,
phenomenon to be recreated
applications and the like that teachers and
LIMITATIONS OF MOTION MEDIA students use to formulate new information
to aid learning through the use , analysis,
 Compared to other forms of visual media
evaluation and production of interactive
the viewer cannot always interrupt the
and hands-on media.
presentation.
 It is often timesAc more costly than other
TRADITIONAL MANIPULATIVE MEDIA
forms of visual media.
 Objects and materials that have been
 Other data may be presented best using
present since before the aadvent of
still images. Examples are graphs,
computers and computer- aided
diagrams, maps.
technology. Toys, picture and pop-up
 It is subject to misinterpretation
books, board games, flash cards, and
ELEMENTS OF MOTION MEDIA musical instruments fall under this
category.
1. SPEED – a fast movement gives vigor
and vitality, intensifying emotions. A slow DIGITAL MANIPULATIVE MEDIA
movement connotes lethargy, solemnity or  Computer-aided objects and materials
sadness. that also facilitate and encourage
interactive learning. A host of educational
2. DIRECTION – indicates a movement
computer programs, virtual and online
from one direction to another. It can also
learning platforms, 3d simulations, and
refer to the growing or shrinking of an
video games fall under this category.
object.
CHARACTERISTICS, FORMAT AND TYPE
3. TIMING – can be objective or subjective.
 ACTIVISM
Objective timing can be measured in
 Practice or doctrine that has an emphasis
minutes, seconds,, days, etc. Subjective
on direcr vigorous action especially
timing is psychological or felt.
supporting or opposing one side of
 Timing can be used to clarify or intensify conversational matter.
the message or the event. Using a pause  These can be done through public rallies,
can help time the events. strikes, street marches and even rants on
social media.

~Roslyn B. Ignacio Stem 12- Saturn

 Media activism is used by a group of Manipulation of Text – system- level
people that spread information about procedures used to order and compare
censored media. characters, determine line breaks, determine
 There are people referred to as text directionality, and keep track of character
information about government and other properties, such as case.
threats to the world. They use hacking for
VALUES AND ADVANTAGES OF
good and is a perfect example for activism
MANIPULAYTIE INFORMATION AND
in media.
MEDIA
 ADVERTISING
 It is the action of attracting public attention
to something, especially through pad 1. It teaches underlying value and skills.
announcements for products and 2. Student fel more capable and competent.
services. 3. They will see real life applications of
 Used by people who own big companies concepts.
and can afford to advertise through social 4. Can keep the students occupied
media and through the internet. 5. Easier for students to understand and
reflect on the topic.
 HOAXING
 A hoax is something intended to deceive DISADVANTAGES OF MANIPULAYTIE
or defraud. INFORMATION AND MEDIA
 Misleading public stunts, scientific frauds,
false bomb threats, and business scams 1. Costly
as hoaxes. 2. Has to be carefully planned and takes a
 It should be attract the attention of the lot of time.
public. MEDIA COLLECTION

 Propagandizing
 A form of communication that is aimed at  Media Collection are developed to meet
influencing the attitude of a community both curricular and personal needs. To
toward some cause or position by ensure that these needs are met the
presenting only one side of an argument. media apply specific selection criteria and
 Commonly created by governements, but uses recommended selection tools. All
some forms of mass-communication purchases, including gifts, must meet the
created by other powerful organizations same selection standards. Furthermore,
can be considered as propaganda as well. the collection is evaluated on a regular
basis ensure that all materials meetits
criteria.
MANIPULATION OF IMAGES OR PHOTOS
SELECTION CRITERIA FOR MEDIA
Manipulation of Images – image
manipulation is the art of transforming an
image to convey what you want, rather than 1. Appropriate for recommended levels
what the original image may have shown. 2. Accurate in terms of content]
3. Reflective of the pluralistic nature of a
This can be done for artistic reasons but
Global Society
because of the power of the photograph to
4. Free of bias and stereotype
show true depictions of reality ( and the high 5. Representative of differing viewpoints on
regard that people can hold for a picture as controversial subjects.
evidence), this can also be fone for reasons
of deceit.
TEN MEDIA MANIPULATION STRATEGIES

~Roslyn B. Ignacio Stem 12- Saturn

There are ten powerful and efficacious  Self- blame strengthen - to let the
strategies used by the master of the worls to individual blame for his misfortune,
establish a manipulation through the media. because of the failure of his intelligence,
abilities or efforts.
 The strategy of distraction - The primary
element of social control is the strategy of  Getting to know the indiciduals better
distraction which is divert public‟s than they know themselves – the
attention from attention from important system has gotten better acquainted with
issue and changes determine by the the common more than he knows himself.
political and economic elites. This means that, in most and great power
over individuals, greater than that of
 Create problem, the offer solutions – individuals about themselves.
also called “problem-reaction solution”.
Creates a problem, a „situation” referred
to cause some reaction in the audience. ELEMENTS OF MEDIA ART

 The Gradual strategy – acceptance to an LIGHT – does the artwork include the use of
unacceptance degree, just apply it light? (i.e. photography)
gradually, dropper, for consecutive years. SOUND – does the artwork include sound?
 The Strategy deferring – another way to TIME - does the artwork reveal itself over
accept an unpopular decision to present peiod of time.
as “painful and necessary”, gaining all
POINT OF VIEW
the time for future application.
- What angle do we see the subject at?
 Go to the public as a little child – most (High, LOW, ETC.)
of advertising to the general public uses
PERFORMACE - the act of creating part of
speech, argument, proper, and particularly
the artwork
children‟s intonation, often close to the
weakness, as if the viewer were litte child FRAMING – how does the subject fit in the
or mentally deficient. frame? (close-up, medium, long shot)
NARRATIVE – hast story telling been used?
 Use emotional side more than the
reflection - Use Emotional register to EDITING – has the work been revised or
open the door to the unconscious for rearrange?
implantation or grafting ideas, INTERACTIVITY – an artwork is seen as
desires,fear, and anxieties, compulsions, interactive if you can effect it in some way, or
or induce behaviors. explore it in multiple ways.
HETEROGENEITY – how can an artwork can
 Keep the public in ignorance and
be made up of many distinct experiences and
mediocrity – making the public incapable
parts that are independent, yet when places
of understanding the technologies nd together bring deeper meaning.
methods used to control and enslave.
HYBRIDIZATION - how can an artwork can
 To encourage the public to be be made up two or more artwork ideas and
competent with mediocrity – promote rearranged to create a third artwork that is
different from the “parent” artworks.
the public to believe that the fact that it is
fashionable to be stupid, vulgar and MEDIUM – the materials used to create the
uneducated. art piece determines the nature of the final
work.

~Roslyn B. Ignacio Stem 12- Saturn

TEMPORARILY – how can the passage of
time change one‟s interpreatation of an
artwork, or our ability to witness an artwork.

~Roslyn B. Ignacio Stem 12- Saturn