10.31% area 4rth rank .popn highest.

Meeting place of east+west monsoon

Ranges

1.dhauladhar -starts frm right bank of beas,forms border with kullu below sarui pass

2.Hathi Dhar border with chamba

3.Paprola range separates Bir Bhangal then crossee binwa at paprola into mandi and called sikandar
dhar.

Present dist made on 1 sep 1972.

It was largest dist of composite punjab in area had 6 tehsils nurpur,kangra,

Palampur,dehragopipur,hamirpur,kullu was a tehsil upto 1962, LAHAUL SPITI was made sep dist in 1960

Kangra tx to hp with shimla,kullu,ls+tehsil of una, Nalagarh+3villages of gurdaspur.

Before 1 sep 1972 kangra had tehsils of Nurpur, kangra, Palampur,dehragopipur,

hamirpur,una,Amb,Barsar.

Vill. Har of nurpur among villages +dharamshala municipal committee among towns are biggest in
population.

Rivers

Beas main rise from pir panjal near rohtang

Trib -Binwa (near baijnath) joins above sandhol

Neugal - joins opposite Tira Sujanpur.

Banganga with tributaries Dehr and Chakki nalla form boundary with gurdaspur dist of punjab.

Beas After kullu ,mandi enters kangra @sandhol in Palampur then nadaun

@mirthal ghat leaves kangra and enters gurdaspur dist. Punjab .

Bajreshwari devi temple razed by ghazni

Famous temples -shiv temple bhawan,bhimtila near chetru ,basheshar temple

Dharamshala,thakurdwara of Fatehpur.

Earliest rock inscription @pathiar+kanihara in brahmi

Stupa 270 m in circumference @chari+chetru.

History

Kangra dist name from kangra town

Trigarta- satluj,beas,ravi

Stone age

Gc mahapatra found 52 stone axes bank of banganga in village Rahaur

Also on nadaun on beas river

And south of nurpur.

Banganga+patalganga near kangra Nandrool vill almond shape stone axe.early/mid stone age

More stone age remnants-kuparlahar,dehragopipur(naker khad) ,dhawala village,jamol vill on thor

khad,panjasaran village of sukhar di khad located near Raja ka Talab .

Out of 360 Audumbaras coins ,103 found in kangra ,near Tripal and jwalamukhi.

4 coins kushans in kanihara and 3 of kunindas in jwalamukhi.

1853 audumbaras+trigarta coins drowned near sri lanka.

Cunningham first to history of royal family of jalandhar and trigarta.

He says name comes from jalandhar demon.padma puran.jalandhar tirth 48 kos or 64 miles. His head
north of beas,mouth jwalamukhi,body between beas and satluj,back beneath dist jalandhar and feet at
multan.killed by shiv

Second version killed by vishnu

Third version confines his body to kangra valley

Top of head under nandikeshwar temple at jidrangal on neugal.

Head under Mukteshwar temple in village sinsol near baijnath.

One hand on left bank of beas river south of jwalamukhi.

All pilgrimage places in this circuit lie to the north of beas except kalesar.

Ain i akbari - jalandhar called bist Jalandhar .

Trigarta name in Mahabharata ,puran, rajtarangini.

Jalandhar was also same as Bahlikas ,Valhikas.

1st historical mention in 5bc by panini trigarta shashtas.

Cunningham says first mention of jalandhar in Ptolemy kalindarine.

Alexandre halted at murthal 326 bc porus. Trigarta also called susharma chsndra 234 th king.

Kaushik 6 members of trigarta shashthas

1. Kaundopartha 2. dandaki 3. Raushokti

4. Jalamani 5. Brahmgupta 6. Janaki

Traketa janpadasya brahmi coin same in kharoshti on obverse.

Meand it was independent

In 2 bc

Rajtarangini ,huen tsang mention it

Nagarkot capital first mentioned sfter 1009 ghazni siege.

Tarikh i yamini utbi calls it bhimnagar,but farishta calls bhimkot. nagarkot name mentioned by al beruni
abu raihan in 1017 - 31 while travellinh kannauj to Kashmir from pinjore via dhamala /dhameri,called
capital of jalandhar at foot of himalayas.

Baijnath eulogies susharmapura

Travellers :

Coryat 1615

Thevenot 1666

vigne 1835

Foster 1783

Moorcraft in 1832

Both foster ,moorcraft did not visit kangra but went through outer hills.

Earliest historical reference is Farishtas history 1ad

Next in rajtarangini -sreshta sena of Kashmir bestowed trigarta in 470 ad

520 ad pravarsena 2 conquered trigarta.

Hieun Tsang jalandhar march 635 kangra guest of raja utito (adima) 4 months then left for kannauj
return journey jalandhar 643 ad .

883-903 rajtarangini again mentions sankara varman of kashmir attacking gurjara and it was opposed by
prithvi chandra.

Hieun tsang said trigarta was under harsha

997 ad mahmud succeded.1001 ad invaded india.4rth trip 1009 defeated anand pal of ohind and lahore.

Kangra fort was called bhimnagar.

After defeating brahman pal son of anand pal he looted wealth.

Farishta said 7 lakh dinar ,700 man gold silver plate,200 man pure gold ,2000 man silver ,20 man jewels.

Raja was jagdish chand 436 th from bhuma and 202 from susharma.

Mahmuds garrison held till 1043 when tomar delhi mahipal marched at hansi ,thanesar vs modud
grandson of mahmud. 4 month seige nagarkot.

1030-40 Ananta deva of kashmir married 2 katoch girls daughter of indu chandra. This is last refrence in
rajtarangini to kangra.

1051-52 Abdul rashid son of mahmud appointed hastagin hazib guv punjab who recaptured nagarkot
fort but katoch regained in 1060 . till 1170 it remained undivided . Padam chand and his bro parab chand
founded jaswan. For 200 yrs after mahmud muslims cudnt do much.

Next refrence to trigarta- 2 baijanth slabs -rana laxman chandra of jaya chandra.jaya sinha chandra
-hutchinson and vogel.

Prithvi Chandra 1330-mohd tughlaq captured fort in1337. Coins of kangra rajas begun.

Rup chand 1360-name found in dharam chand natak by manik chand 1562. plunder raid to delhi-shahab
ud din of kashmir surrender. Feroz tughlaq seige of kangra 1365. 6 months .broke idol of jwalamukhi
cows felsh mixed bags around brahmins. No mention of this in tarikh i feroz shahi. 1300 books .rup
chand surrendered.

Sangara Chand 1375 1387 nasir ud din named succesor of feroz but he fled to sirmaur then to nagarkot
in 1389 aug 1390 mohd tughlaq .

Megh Chand 1390 1398 timur mongol. Malfuzat i timuri 1399 raid on meerut haridwar. 20 battles in 32
days captured 7 forts .pathankot ,dhameri mustve suffered. Alan chand hindur raja . Sirmaur punder.

Hari chand 1 1405 – harsar guler fell in well merchant rescue. Young bro karam chand became kangra
raja . He established haripur fort on junction of banganga ,kurali ,neugal rivers

Suvira chand 1480 born in kumhar hut

Ram chand 1510 babur invasion

dharam chand 1528 – after humayun expulsion 1540 sher shah sent khwas khan to capture nagarkot.
Then hamid khan kakar made inchareg of nagarkot,jawali,dadhwal,jammu hills. 1556 akbar new king
dharam chand submitted.

Jai chand 1570 akbar jailed him. Raja ram chand guler arrested him.Bidhi chand rebelled in 1572.khan
jahan hussain quli khan viceroy of punjab sent to subdue in jagir of birbal who also joined via paithan
and dhameri. Takht mal remained neutral kotla fort annexed by dharam chand and jai chand returned to
ram chand of guler. Then ibrahim mirza and masud mirza punjab attack . Khan jahan took 5 man gold
from nagarkot fort lifted seige.

Tabakat i akbari khan jahan 1572 captured fort of bhun (bhawan) idol of mahamai 200 black cows
killedboots filled with blood. After this todar mal imperial demense.

1583 akbar came to dasuha (near hoshiarpur) without visiting fort akbar was told kangra famous for 4
things – 1. new noses2.eye disease treatment.3 basmati rice 4.strong fort.

Bidhi chand 1858 confedration of jammu kangra 1588-89 revolt . Akbars foster bro zain khan koka 13 hill
rajas surrender trilok chand held hostage 1594-95 41st year of akbar another revolt led by jasrota but
bidhi singh or nurpur raja basu were not there. Mirza rustam qandhari and shaikh farid -murtaza khan

trilok chand 1605 parrot jahangir

Hari Chand 2 1612

1615 jahangir sent murtaza khan+suraj mal(son of basu ),murtaza khan died 1616 raja man of amber or
jaipur then lead forces.he was killed by sangram.then suraj mal returned from dakhan campaign and
sent to kangra seige with shah quli khan mohammad taqi . Bakshi quli khan was then recalled on
complaint of suraj mal.

Then he revolted shah jahan sent rai rayan sundar dass .jagat singh was made raja of nurpur

1620 kangra fell nawab ali khan first kiladar . Suraj mal had ravaged jagir of itimad ud daulah

1622 jahangir came via siba and guler left via nurpur and pathankot

2nd kiladar Humrat khan . Shah jahan time nawab asad ulla h khan and koch quli khan (munni river
banganga)

hari chand was killed by jahangir.

Chander Bhan Chand 1627 – gurilla war – after annexation of kangra only jagir of rajgir on beas above
alampur included-lambagraon ,jaisinghpur ,bijapur

nirwanah fort then 9000 ft chander bhan ka tilla b/w palampur and dsala captured under aurang zeb

Vijai ram chand 1660 founded bijapur remained residence till ghamand chand

Bhim chand 1690 -pacifist called diwan built temple @ bijapur his bro kirpal chand made bhawarnawali
kuhl.

Above bandla hills dhauladhar.

Alam chand 1697 founded alampur near sujanpur

Hamir Chand 1700 fort hamirpur

in aurangzeb time kangra fort under sayyid hussain khan, hasan abdullah khan pathan ,nawab sayyid
khalil ullah khan .

Hamir chandsaw nawab saif ali khan 1740 as last kiladar

Abhay chand 1747 built thakurdwara alampur and fort abhaymanpur or tira in 1748 on hill of sujanpur

Ghamand chand 1751 -1752 delhi emperor ceded punjab to durrani .1758 bowed down to Adina Beg
Khan .made nizam of jallandhar doab .captured chauki from kutlehr ,apalm from chamba .founded
Sujanpur and use of double name tira sujanpur.

Sansar Chand 2 -10 yrs kingmohd latif in history of the punjab writes jai singh kanehya bribed jiwan khan
son of saif ali khan for kangra fort. And took it for 4 years . 1787 jai singh exchanged fort . Asked for rihlu
from chamba refuse -war at Nerti near shahpur. 3 dist mandi 1-1 to kullu suket 1 for self . Kamlagarh fort
unsuccesful. Kutlehr totally annexed.

Ghulam muhaiuddin tarikh i punjab raja was hatim and ingenerosity rustam.

1803-04 invaded hoshiarpur+batwara but repulsed by ranjit singh then invaded kahlur

AST crossed satluj @bilaspur +jiuri in suket

4 years siege sansar chand through wazir naurang persuaded gurkhas to leave the gate briefly and
secretly went to tira sujanpur made request through fateh shah for ranjit singh. May 1809 ranjit singh
moved from lahore. Anirudh chand son hostage under fateh singh ahluwalia.

AST sent zorawar singhw ith double nazrana but ranjit refused.

Fort liberated and put under naurang wazir then on 24 august 1809 under ranjit singh AST paid 1 lakh to
escape unhurt. Sansar chand and fatesh singh ahluwalia 1st to enter fort. Dessa singh majithia appointed
nazim. Sansar chand army under jackson.

Anirudh chand 1824 - ranjit singh asked 2 lakh nazrana at adinanagar but had 1 lakh discount. Prince
kahrak singh became his bro dhian singh prime minister son hira singh . Fateh chand married his
grandaughter instead. Anirudh chand married them to raja of tehri garhwal. 1833 brits request ranjit
singh recalled his sons and gave jagir worth 50000 in mahal morian.

Revolt against brits by sikhs – 1848 wazir of nurpur +pramudh chand son of anirudh +raja jaswan
datarpur - lawrence suppressed. Exiled to almora.

Col maharaja Sir Jai Chand – hon colonel in 37 dogras ,distinction in black mountain and chitral releif
expedition . Confered title maharaja for ww1

offshoots – Guler,Jaswan,SIba,Datarpur,Nurpur,Kutlehr,Bara bhangal

Guler
originally gwalior from gopala or gwala . Tiger and goat drinking water together . Hair chand of kangra
1405 fort haripur on banganga river. 6 forts on borders –
mastagarh,kotla,nehklonok,gandharp,ramgarh,mastgarh.

Ram Chand 1540 – refrece to guler in tarikh i daudil in regin of islam shah son of sher shah.

Jagdish Chand 1570

1572 bidhi chand revolt akbar ,guler raja did not rebel akbar restored kotla fort next 2 revolts too guler
was absent

RUP chand 1610 most famous guleria .active part in seige of kangra . 1623-24 jagat singh nurpur
rebelled on encouragement by prince khurram shah jahan rup chand helped quell rebellion.

He received Bahadur title from jahangir.

1634 shah jahan sent army under Najabat khan to invade garhwal of prithvi shah . Najabat khan fled but
rup chand died in invasion of srinagar

najabat khan fought well in seige of maukot against jagat singh in 1641-42.

Man chand Singh 1635 roop chands son changed surname to SINGH by order of shah jahan called him
sher afghan . Involved ins eige of maukot and taragarh in 1641-42.

conquered mandi ,suket,kullu,bushahr+with aurangzeb seiged kandhar. Built fort of Mangarh.

Bikram singh 1661 could break coconut with fingers . Inavded yusufzai pathans but died on way back at
chauntra.

Raj Singh 1675 -viceroy lahore khwaja riza beg – guler+chatar singh+kirpal deo jammu+dhiraj pal basholi
defeated him. Also defeated hussain khan kiladar of kangra ,alaf khan and mian khan to save mandi and
kahlur.

Dalip singh 1695 7 yrs old raja udai singh of chamba guardian. Udai singh+siba+kahlur+mandi repulsed
jammu+basholi when they invaded guler.hussain khan kiladar kangra was also repulsed.

Govardhan Singh 1730 adina beg khan fight over a horse and won.

Prakash Singh 1760 -1758 ghamand chand conquered guler later sikhs till 1776 . Kotla ilaqa of guler
under control of mughals when freed in 1785 was captured by Dhian Singh wazir of guler who even
defeated sansar chand.

Bhup singh 1790 last rulign chief joined gurkhas against sansar chand. In 1811 guler was first to be
annexed by ranjit singh.desa singh majithia annexed fort kotla.

Shamsher Singh 1826 -british had given him haripur fort

liberated haripur fort from sikhs in 1st sikh war

Raja raghunath Singh 1884 -confered title of raja by lord minto 15 march 1909.

Raja Baldeo Chand 1920 - 1st vice regal darbari in kangra district
Jaswan

1170 Parab Chand

capital was rajpura

1572 jai chand of kangra rrested Bidhi chand minor was under Raj Gobind chand of jaswan who dfended
kangra fort

1588-89 rebellion was joined by Anirudh chand of jaswan .also in revolt of 1594-95

Umed chand helped gurkhas against sansar chand

annexed by sikhs in 1815

Sialkot assembly nurpur and jaswan didnt go Umed singh surrendered for jagir

1848 second sikh war umed singh against brits sent to almora

Raja Ran singh – title of raja not recognised by brits for him. At request of amharaja Ranbir singh of
jammu kashmir in 1877 jagir in jaswan +family garden at amb abd buildings at rajpura restored to him.

Raja raghunath singh – granted personal title of raja for amrriage with maharaja of jk family.

Rajkumar Shivdev singh served as admin of maharaja Hari singh of jk and retired as chairman upsc india

SIBA

offshoot of guler 1450 by Sibram chand /sibarn chand younger bro of guler

jahangir+noor jahan visited in 1622 mention in tuzuk

raja Gobind singh time gurkhas invaded

1808 bhup singh of guler annexed siba-1809 maharaja ranjit singh subdued -in 1830 restrored to Gobind
singh -raja dhian singh pm of ranjit had married siba girl.

Siba state was divided into 2 parts -1/3rd with raja gobind singh +1/4th mian devi singh +fort under sikhs.

Siba state -gobind singh ,siba jagir mian devi singh koi branch and kotla branch

Ram singh 2nd sikh war retook siba fort also explelled mian devi singh from kotla branch.

1848 brits incorporated siba jagir of devi singh with datarpur ,jaswan,guler- then made dadu siba now
dadasiba a part of british district kangra

Ram singh restored Radha Krishna temple in siba and built palace on hill.

Siba jagir 1/4th part was later restored by brits to Bijai Singh son of mian devi singh in 1858 but no title of
raja.

Brits made jai singh son of bijai singh raja of dada siba but siba stae was independent as per punjab state
agencies map 1946
wazir Sunder singh of siba state of raja ram singh went to lahore for horse race and won.thakur sundar
singh visited lahore through chak ladian muslim gujjar village .

On his return to koi branch he saw brits with dada siba royal family on beas bank on border of dada siba
jagir and siba state . He killed 2 brits and 1 royal of jagir brits exiled him went to chak ladian of
kapurthala state hoshiarpur.

Took shelter in inn of purans hah suthara .

he set up tantpalan village between chak ladian and chak nur ali

DATARPUR

half size of jaswan

off shoot of siba

datarchand 1550 founder

manak chand raja of siba had 3 sons – narmuda chand ,ram chand ,lakhudah chand. Lakhudah resided in
dada his future gen datar chand created new state.

1786 under sansar chand -1806 gobind chand helped gurkhas 1809 ranjit singh reduced it to jagir .
Gobind chand died in 1818 and ranjit annexed it.

Raja jagat chand 1848 revolted against brits sent to almora

NURPUR

Audumbara – pathankot+nurpur

transfer of capital pathankot to nurpur in time of akbar called themselves pandi like
basholi,kullu,bhadu,bhadrawah,mandi,suket. Descent from tomar rajas of delhi.

Vishnupuran and brihat samhita -ancient audumbara udumbara tree ,copper color skin,coins with name
audumbara. Many ancient coins found here.

Greek zoilus +goudophares coins found by cunningham

muslims coins from Keusru Ghazni to shah jahan and coins of kangra from pithama chandra to triloka.

Single coin indo scythian – nagari letters sri vagamarisha like barkamaris of rashid ud din in mujmal ut
twarikh.

Anicent pathankot coins were thin copper square or oblong temple on 1 side lephant on other

symbols of swastik ,dharma, snake. Before elephant there is a tree surrounded by buddhist railing with
aryan legend on both sides one half reading ODUMBARA.

Pratishthana was old capital. One ruler was called dharaghosha coin- mahadevasya dharaghosha
audumbaras. Both sides in kharoshti+brahmi.

Shah jahan time called mau or paithan.

Transfer of capital from pathankot to dhameri (nurpur) in time to akbar

tuzuk i jahangriri calls it dhameri ,europeans temmery

pathanias from tuar clan rajput

term paithan 17th c mentioned in ain i akbari and badshah nama whole dist paragana of bari doab.

2 vanshavalis 1 by cunningham other by mian raghunath singh in tarikh i rajan i pathania

FOUNDER JHET PAL younger bro of delhi raja in 1000 ad

JASPAL 1313-37 was contemporary of Ala ud din khilji.

Kailash Pal 1353-97 defeated tatar khan of khorasan + irrigation channel ravi to pathankot.

Nag Pal nag was born with him put into baoli is kul devta.

BHIL pal contemporary of sikandar lodhi and helped him.

Bakht Mal -mention in akbar nama ally of lodhi ally of sher shah maukot made by islam shah surin his
reign.

Humayun return in 1555 war with sikandar shah 1557 akbar continued pursuit bakht mal lahore
execution. In 1558. built fort of shahpur on ravi naming it after shah sur family.

From cunnighams list kiratpal a pathania raja was called rana which was a vassal of trigarta.

Theyre called zamindar of paithan and mau by muslim chornicles of akbar.

Pahari Mal/bihari mal by cunnigham and takht mal in muslims. He was first to realise dange rof having
capital at pathankot plains and wanted to shift to nurpur but died.

BAS dev 1580-1613 basu trasnfered capital to Dhameri his son jagat singh anmed it nurpur. In 1622
when she visited.

Basu revolted many times 1585,1589-90,1594-95,1602-03,1603-04 salims bet against dad

1st revolt hassan beg umri commander in chief was sent but todar mal saved him.

2nd revolt mirza rustam and asif khan but they were his friends so refused . The raja man singhs son jagat
singh was sent . He captured maukot east of chakki river basu fled to forest. Basu was used by jahangir
to capture khurram on flight from agra in march 1606.

akbars time he wasnt deputed at expeditions but in 1611 jahangir sent him on recommendation of
abdullah khan against rana of mewar udaipur 1613 basu died in thana shahbad before winning against
mewar. Another version he died in dakhan campaign of jahangir.

He built nurpur fort ,canal ravi to pathankot , mango raja ka bagh

Suraj mal 1613-18

ordered to join murtaza khan shaikh farid . Murtaza khan sent a complaint to king . Suraj mal wrote to
khurram then 1616 murtaza khan died in pathankot. Suraj mal returned from dakhan in 1617 then sent
with shah quli khan and mohd taqi . Suraj mal asked for return of taqi . Then revolted olundreed nur
jahan fathers jagir ghiyas beg itimad ud daula.

Rai rayan sundar dass +jagat singh sent another version suraj mal madho singh were executed by
jahangir

Jagat Singh 1619-46

1623 khurram rebelled jahangir sent sadiq khan punjab viceroy . Madho singh youger bro of jagat singh
was made raja and to assist operations . Raja rup chand of guler also sent.

Chamba 12 yrs war with jagat singh 1613 onwards final invasion in 1623 dahlog battle balbhadra was
actual raja .

Basholi was 1st state annxed by jagat singh 1614-15 bhupat pal was arrested. Then bhupat pal escaped
ind isguise came back to basholi in 1627 and drove off nurpur forces but was murdered by jagat singh
@delhi. Jagat singh revolt in 1640 with son rajrup singh. Murad baksh young bro of shah jahan sent.

Dara sikoh visited on 23 nov 1642 on his report najabat khan was apoointd faujdar of kangra.

Maukot was demolished by mughals taragarh and nurpur forts remained in use till 1857when nurpur
was destoyed. Taragarh dismantled in 1872.

1642 jagat singh with dara sikoh to kandhar

1645 apointed to reinforce amir ul umara ali mardan khan for conquest of bakh and badakhshan . On
return journey 1646 he died in peshawar.

Nurpur zenith under him. Rhapsodies gambir rai the nurpur bard 1650 written a few years after his
death. Dhampal ashram founded by narain brahmn of kahnuwan in gurdaspur in this ashmram temple
was built by jagat singh 1646. 2 storeyed ashram 1st floor Rang mahal in 1650.

Rajrup Singh 1646 served aurangzeb .

Bhau Singh younger bro of rajrup served well in badakhshan campaign so in 1650 given fief of part of
nurpur taluqas – shahpur,palahi,kandi. With capital at shahpur. In 1686 bhau singh embraced islam
name murid khan by mughal emperor. Sikhs annexed this fief in 1781 then sujanpur near madhopur
became residenceof family.

Mandhatta 1661 hal fof rhapsodies on jagat singh written by him. Last one to hold office under mughals.

Dayadhatta 1700 his son indar singh married in kangra and settled there starting REH branch of family.

Prithvi Singh 1770 jassa singh ramgarhia 1775 kanheya

nurpur in 1785 acquired lakhanpur from basholi

Bir singh last ruler of nurpur – ranjit singh adninanagar asked 40000 nazarana

1815 sialkot assembly jaswan nurpur failed. Bir singh sold everything but cudnt remain independent.

1816 he plotted with shah shuja against ranjit singh hew as explelled from ludhiana and settled in arki
1826 he reached nurpur rebelled . Ranjit sent dessa singh majithia bir singh fled to chamba. Then
chamba gave him up jailed at govindgarh fort amritsar

married to sister of chamba raja charhat singh who got him freed by paying 85000. offered jagir at
kathlot but declined.

NURPUR FORT

abul fazl mentions dhameri but not this fort so it came later. Tuzuk says it was made by basu . Jahangir
visit in 1622 granted 1 lak ruppes for buildings. Later rajas kept adding to it eg suraj mal as said by tuzuk.

Badshah nama says jagat singht o fortified it.

Edifice in west built by mandhatta called thakurdwara brajraj image black marble. Built like diwan i aam

main feature fresco krishna life and a hindu raja . 3 plain sanctums to north 1 has devi image with
sanskrit inscirption in nagari dated 1667 samvat 1610 ad .

South of thakurdwara 2 mini temples fort blown up in 1857

most important building is temple excavated by CJ rodgers arch. Surveyor to punjab .

March 1904 dr vogel suggested to blow it up mr. Farley did it.exen kangra

a temple was exposed red snadstone octagon similar to govind dev temple at bindraban and hari dev at
govardhan near mathura.

No signs of shiv shakti worship. Image of brajraj was originally located here. No proof that it was
destroyed by ghazni.

It is similar to hari dev temple built by Raja bhagwan das 1557 and govind dev by mans ingh in 1590 in
akbars reign so ornamentation is hindu mughal style.

Raja basu built it but suppressed it in 1618 . tuzuk says jahangir had ordered to destory all forts buildings
after revolt by basu and suraj mal.

1848 second anglo sikh war NUPUR was first to revolt against brits.

JASWANt singh – brits annexed nurpur and merged it with kangra. With force from jammu Ram singh
wazir crosed ravi and annxed shahpur fort proclaimed jaswant singh as king then fled to sikhs in gujrat in
1848 . commissioner was henry lawrence and colelctor kangra barnes.

1849 ram singh fought at dalle di dhar pathankot pahad singh betrayal. John peel nephew of brit pm sir
robert peel was killed . Ram singh exiled to singapore

nurpur is on jabhar khad tributary of chakki of beas.

It was famous for shawl trade.

Bangahal state

bara banghal+chota banghal+paprolo+landoh+rajjer

capital bir in bir banghal

founder a brahmin turned rajput early rajas chandervanshi used pal name.

Kangra mandi kullu kept invading

1240 madan sen suket

1554 sahib sen mandi

annexed it

1637 suraj sen mandi invaded but jagat singh kullu helped and took some part as price.

Prithi Pal 1710 son i law sidh sen mandi sala of man singh kullu .man singh repulsed sidh sen.

Raghunath pal 1720 – sidh sen tried to annex karanpur but repulsed on second occasion sidh sen went
as far as kotharlu galu but kullu again repulsed , shamsher sen son of mandi then annexed karanpur
when raghunath pal was in punajb to meet mughal viceroy.

Dalel pal 1735 – combo of mandi+kullu+kahlur+nalagarh+guler+jaswan attacked but repulsed.after his

death mandi kullu annexed huge part.

Man pal 1749 last ruler with landoh paprola rajjer died on way to delhi mughal darbar then banghal
annxed by kangra+guler ladoh+paprola with kangra rest with guler. His widow with minor son nihal pal
given refuge by Raj singh of chamba.

Sansar chand married man pals daughter then gave army to his son uchal pal to get back territory from
mandi but he failed thne kullu +mandi paid 5 lakh to sansar chand to retain their territory of banghal

Kutlehr

smallest

founder a brahman turned rajput

in 10th 11th century JAS pal conqured talhati and kutlehr and estd capital at kot kutlehr

bhajji and koti in shimla hills were founded by his son and grandson respec.

1758 ghamand chand annexed chauki 1786 sansar chand seized it fully but gurkhas restored 1809 sikhs

1825 ranjit singh invaded but narain pal defended kotwalbah later took jagir

last raja brijmohan pal

ECONOMY

Tea plantations and orchards

brits started it 1849 post 1905 earthquake replaced by assam tea tea process factory at BIR near
baijnath. Tea plantation supply and marketing coop indus society @ palampur

Tea farm estd in palampur in 1939 hp agri uni @ palampur in 1978 chaudhary sarvan kumar uni.

HORTICULTURE
fruit farm palampur 1936

progeny orchard nursery at kangra dehra nurpur palampur

dist kangra largest production of mangoes.

SERICULTURE

uniboltine silk – under silk production program foreign species basic silk seed station at nagrota

palampur,shahpur silk farms

silk FILATURE at bodh in teh nurpur.

APICULTURE

spring honey is brownish autumn is whitish .

Govt bee farm nagrota 1936 kvic apiculture.

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

local sheep wool rough and short flapped rambollet ,spanish marino

murrah buffalo

poultry – breeds kangra leghorn ,rhode island , red and white plymouth rock .

Poultry farms – palampur,jaisinghpur,nagrota,nurpur,baijnath,kangra,dehra gopipur and bhawarna.

Milk supply scheme 1973

3 chilling centres darkota,kotla,jalari main chilling centre dhagwar

FISHERIES

60km of rivers and stream

sport fishing at jaisinghpur,alampur,bharoti,chamba,pattan,kura dera

1962-63 punjab govt fish farm at kangra remodelled in 1980

mirror carp spawns imported from calcutta . Fingerlings then stocked in pong dam chamba pattan to
bharoli

INDUSTRIES

1. TEA Plantation Dr. Jameson superintendent of botanical garden NWFP came in 1849 and tea
took off.

2. Dhoop making jawalamukhi kangra

3. Lac Industry nurpur dehra gopipur lac exported to amritsar hoshiarpur

4. katha making from khair tree

 5. Wool Spinning and Weaving -floral shawls Nurpur -Carpet weaving Palampur +multhan -Gudmas
and namdas palampur

6. slates – dharamkot ,bhagsu,jia,kangra,narwana,chachoana,deol,kandhari

Minerals

1. limestone dharamkot

2. slate khaniara ,kharli,bhagsu,north of yol camp

3. natural gas jwalamukhi

Fairs festivals

1. Naoni fair (kalkar kulari nurpur)

2. Mela Shah Abdul Rehman (nurpur)

3. BABA DAYAGir fair (daulatpur kangra)

4. Dhamu shah afir (Bari kangra)

5. Mela Sujan Bharti (pananpuri)

6. Chamba Fair (Dagoh Palampur)

Cattle Fair

1. Zamora

2. Bhatberni

3. Lidbar (kangra)

4. Bhika Shah

5. Harshi

6. Salyana (palampur)

7. Narihasma and garli (dera gopipur)

8. indora (nurpur)

Temples

1. MATA tunge balika (harnera shahpur)-dhauli mata

2. Sri krishna Thakurdwara (dhar kalan near harchakian)

3. BABA kalyan ki samadhi vill lage lapyana(harchakian)

4. baba Bhupat

5. baba gauriya Sidh temple (pargor vill near lapyana)

 6. Mata Kaltha temple (salol)

7. dargah of pir bindli (masrur)

8. mata atal devi (tal) darini built in 1808-25 rani sharda of chamba mom of charhat singh.

9. Temple kelong wazir and Khabra (gaddi deity) in dhauladhar

People -gaddis+gujjars tribes ,ghirth kangra+dehra

dress – ghagri (lehnga)

morning meal Datyalu , lunch dupahari 4 pm – tukru ,sanjyalu and dinner

language – pahari,kangri,gaddi,pahari kangri,dogari,nepali

offocial early times – tankri and urdu

mughals urdu

Dharamshala

-built in 1849 due to space shortage in kangra for troops cant for native regiment

1855 made hq of dist kangra

upper dsala – forsythganj,st johns church and macleodgunj in honor of donald mcleod former lg of
kangra. Dsala was summer seat of commissioner of jallandhar.

Macleodgunj

dalai lama -1959

gompa -1500 year old idol of padma sambhav +life size of avalokiteshwar +225 volumes of buddha
sermonsin sanskrit called thangayur in tibetan

tipa founded in aug 1959 in dsala mcleodgunj annual opera fest SHOTOU

Annual Himalayan International Festival Mcleodgunj december

Baijnath

kiragram -binduka river(binwa) -kiras tribe rajtarangini+chamba history as warrior tribe employed by
dogra raja gainst sahil varman

on road that leads to central asia from punjab plains

custom house sanskrit mandapika in bain ath eulogy 13th century it was frontier station.

Jhakhpur -baron of baijnath residence ,dak bungalow built by brits. Cu coins found

ranas acknowledged raja of chamba s lord.

EMINENT PEOPLE

Brig Sher jung thapa – 1st MVC in 1948

durga mal – fredom fighter hanged delhi in 1943

dal bahadur – hanged in 1945

OP Taak – painter of kangra miniatures

Bakshi tek Chand – Member of constituent assembly +cji of punjab high court

Master mitrasen – Social reformer poet dramtist

NN Nowrojee – parsi settler mcleodgunj

sex ratio 1012