c,v,x,z,Z,C,X,V

Area of Kangra= 5739 kmsq.

Border Area: Chamba , Lahul Spiti, Kullu , Mandi , Hamirpur , Una. [ Punjab : Gurdaspur]

History Sources:

1. Pathiar Inscriptions
2. The coins found in Kangra area [ Na,Rehlu are important]
3. The literary sources like "Tarikhe - e - Yamini" by Utbi [ Utbi was court poet of Gazini]. Utbi called Trigarta as Bhimnagar and Farishta called it
Bhimkot.

Offshoots of Kangra are Jaswan [Founder was Purab Chand, 1170] , Guler [Founder was Hari Chand] , Siba & Datarpur.

The travellouges of :
First was Finch.

1. Thomas Coryat [1615]

TRIGARTH:

The ancient kingdom of Trigarth comprised of Jalandhar daob & the modern day Kangra. It was the confluence of three rivers i.e Beas, Ravi & Satluj.
Its capital[1st] was Multan. Around 4300 BC , its founder was Bhumi Chand who fought various other local chieftains.

Around 1500 BC, a ruler named as Shusharman Chand [234th King], he build the majestic Kangra Fort. The Traigarth republic[Janpada] was
contemporary to Audamabar [Pathankot], Kulutha [ Kullu] , Kulindas [ Sirmaur - Shimla area] , etc.

The history of Trigartha republic was shaped by Katoch rulers [ lonest/oldest continous dynasty]. They fought against Ashoka, rulers of Kannauj, rulers
of Kashmir. Huieng Tsang also visited the area. The infamous attack of Gazni took place in 1109 AD that was his 7th attack. During the time of Gazni's
invasion was the ruler of Kangra was Jagdish Chand . During the time of MB Tughlaq, the ruler of Kangra was Prithbi Chand [1337] & during FS
Tughlaq was Roop Chand. During invasion of Taimur , 1398 during Megh Chand .

A ruler called as Dharam Chand paid tribute to Akbar. Hence was given the title as "Nagarkotia". Rulers like Mank Chand, Jai Chand, Bidhi Chand &
Dharm Chand were the contemporaries of Akbar.

Akbar asked for annual tributes from the rulers of the hills. Bidhi Chand denied accepting his suzenarity. Akbar sent Ram Chand Guler , Husain Quli
Khan to capture the Kangra Hills & control Bidhi Chand. He also ordered capturing a person named as "Bhakat Mal" who gave refuge to Akbar's
enemy[Sikandar Shah].Bhakat Mal was arrested & was sent to Lahore & ultimately was punished by Todar Mal & Bairam Khan at Malaun Fort.
[executed]. During the time of Jehangir, Hari Chand 2 & Trilok Chand 2 were important rulers. During his time an old friend Suraj Mal, revolted againt
Jehangir and fled to Chamba. Suraj Mal's younger brother Jagat Singh , ruler of Noorpur[ Old name : Dhameri] helped Jehangir in capturing Kangra
Fort in 1620 & Nawab Ali Khan was appointed as the 1st Quiladar[1620].

1622 : Jehangir visited with Noor Jahan and the place Dhameri was converted into Noorpur.

A ruler known as Bhim Chand helped GG Singh to fight against Mughals, and was called as "Dharamrakshak".

The last Quiladar was Nawab Saif Ali Khan [1740]. After that a ruler known as Ghamand Chand was made nizam or governor of Jalandhar Doab by
Ahmad Shah Durani. [1759] Ghamand Chand was founder of Sujanpur, renovated the fort of Pathiar [ Palampur ]. He was finally defeated by Jassa
Singh Ramgharia. [ 1st Sikh to invade Hills]

Maharaja Sansar Chand was the grandson of Ghamand Chand who wanted to regain the control of Kangra Fort from Jassa Singh Ramgharia. He was
helped by Jai Singh Kanhiya but the mughals tried to intrude into the hills affairs but Kanhiya because of his wit , caputured the full control of Kangra
Fort and handed it over to Maharaja Sansar Chand in 1786.

The golden period of Katoch dyansty begans with ascendancy of Maharaja Sansar Chand. He attacked Chamba - Raj Singh , Mandi's Ishweri Singh [12
years of onfinement], Bilaspur's Mahan Chand. Mahan Chand made confederacy against MS Chand and called upon Amar Singh Thapa to the rescue.
AST defeated MS Chand in the battle of Mehelmorian, 1805 & this led to the invasion of Gurkhas.

To this, MS Chand , he calls upon Maharja Ranjit Singh who defeated Gorkhas and ended with the treaty of Jawalmukhi , 1809 in which MS Chand
ceeded Kangra Fort & 66 illages to MRS. MRS appointed one more nazim i.e Desa Singh Majethia. In 1824 MS Chand died.

Parmod Chand was the last direct lineage /descendnat of MS Chand.

In 1846, the area of Kangra was annexed by britishers.

GULER:

Founded by Hari Chand in 1405.

Founder of Siba was Sibram Chand & Datarpur was Datarpur Chand.

KANGRA CULTURE & KANGRA PAINTING:

1. Masroor Rock cut Temple: Made in 8th century, group of 15 temples. Founder was Lalit Aditya.
2. Baijanath Temple : 13th century , Manuka & Ahuka made it. [Dedicated to Shivji] : No dushera.
3. Bajreshwari, Shakti Peeth
4. Chamunda [19th century]
5. Jakheri Devi Noorpur
6. Kal Chakar Temple

DANCES:

1. Jhamakra
2. Bhagatu
3. Chandroli
4. Gidda

FESTIAL:

1. Panch Bisham
2. Sehar

FAIR:

1. Neriti Fair
2. Jwalamukhi Fair
3. Bisowa
4. Fattu Fair
5. Ashapuri Fair

LAKE:
Dal Lake: Naddi
Pong Lake
Kari Lake

KANGRA PAINTINGS:
The Pahari School Painting got popularised when rulers like Govardhan Chand & Dalip Chand Guler started patronising the Kashmir painters who took
refuge their. It got into prominence when Basholi school of painting faded away. Around 18th century the concept of Kangra Kalam saw the light of
the day. It reached its zenith during MS Chand. Various painters like Manak, Nain Sukh were held responsible to strenghten Kangra School of
Painting.The main theme is Radha-Krishna , inspired by love poems " geet govind " by Jai Dev, Rasik Priya of Keshavdas & Bhagwatpuran. The
paintings follow lyrical, fluid & naturalistic rhythm. The beauty of women is celebrated , different hues of green is used giving it a lush green
underlining. The book known as "Kangra Painting" by W CArcher , supplemented by MS Randhawa.

The Nagar Art Gallery hoisted paintings of Nicholas Roerichk, and Andretta art gallery has the paintings of Shobha Singh.

Paintings of Shobha Singh: Kangra Bride, Heer Ranjha & Soni Mahiwal.

Basholi shool of painting reached its zenith during Kripal Singh.