Pacific Coast,

Vancouver has shipyards. developed

infrastructure for ship building
industry.
INDUSTRIAL REGIONS OF ANGLO-AMERICA
technological ad vances Th
industrial and
Anglo America has achieved great in the world. So is the
is the richest and the most highly developed country e
USA
case of Canada.
as under
The reasons for this advancement are
1. Anglo America is a vast region. It is almost two times of Europe in size. t
has a variety of relief, climate and soils. It produces different agricultural products
which form the raw material for many industries.
2. Anglo America is endowed with rich and varied mineral resources, fores
resources and sources of power.
3. The population was originally of immigrants from European countries
particularly Britain, France and Germany. These migrants brought with them
experience, skill and technology. Therefore, Anglo America got readymade skilled
labour force for industrial development.
to Europe and transportation services North
4. Nearness
Atlantic Ocean route.
provided by the
5. Water transportation has played
an important role in the industrid
development of Anglo America because raw materials can be easily and cheapiy
Lransported
6.
Availability of plenty of capital in the region.
7. Kail, road and air
transportation is highly developed thus tacltai
transporation of goods produced to other parts of the world and witnt
country.
All these
factors have helped in the
industrial prowth of Anglo Amet
Anglo
cach
America can be divided
into nine industrial reeions. A briet
industrial region is acou
(1) New England
given as under:

Region (4) Great Lakes Region (2) Mid-Atlantic Coastal Region i o n (3) Hudson-Mtohau
(3) Fili
South Region (5) Ohio River Valley gion (6)
Appalachian Region (8) ion(
Mid-Plain Reg
(
California Region (9) St.Region
(6) Md
Laurence Kgn
 GRAPHY OF ANGLO-AMERICA
REGIONAL GEOGA

301
MAIN INDUSTRIAL REGIONNS

MAIN INDUSTRIAL REGIONS

1. NEW ENGLAND
2. MID ATLANTIC
3. HUDSON MOHAWK
4. GREAT LAKES
INDUSTRIAL
REGIONI
5. OHIO RIVER VALLEY
6. MID PLAINS
7. SOUTH
APPALACHIAN
8. CALIFORNIA
INDUSTRIAL REGION
9. ST. LAWRENCE

1. NEW ENGLAND INDUSTRIAL REGION

Situation. Industrial development has taken place in all the states of New
England like Connecticut, Rhode Islands, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire and
Maine. Boston has seen great industrial development around it.
Main Industries and Centres
(1) Cotton Cloth: New Bedford, Fall River, Lawrence and Lowell.
(2) Woollen Cloth: Worcester (Rhode Is.).
(3) Paper: Holyoke (Massachusetts).
(4) Artificial Silk: Troy (New Hamsphire).
(5) Electrical Machines: Bridge Port.
(6) Artificial Rubber : Watsburg.
The most important favourable conditions in this region are
1. Availability of hydro-electricity from the Niagara Falls. The rivers of the
region make waterfalls and thus provide excellent sites for dam construction. This
has accelerated industrial development. Moreover, in winter, agricultural
operations come to a stand-still because of harsh conditions. As such. farmers
accept employment in the factories. Thus there exists plenty of labour in the
2. The New region.
England region is nearer to Europe. Therefore, a large number ot
people who migrated from Europe setlled here and started
industries. working in the
3. Soft wood forests are there to
supply wood resources for industries.
4. Due to coastal situation, raw material can be
imported and manulactured goods exported. cheaply
and conveniently
5. Dense population consumes large quantities of the
6. Rail and road network lacilitates last and cheap
goods produced.
transportation.
 wORLD REGIONAL
302 INDUSTRIAL REGIOON
GEOGRAPHY
MID-ATLANTIC
COASTAL
Ncw York to Chesapeak R
2. extends from ay. ItIt
is gitas
is
Situation. This region
of New York,
Pennsylvania,.Maryland,
ania, Delaware and situalec
Maryland, Dela
in the southern part of manufacturings.
states. The region has diversily
COASTAL INDUSTRIAL REGION
MID ATLANTIC

(FROM SUIRPONERIOR) PATTERSON

iPATTERSON
ALLENTOwNO
BATHLEHAMO
EASTON T

o NEw
PENNSYLVANIA PChBRUNSWICK
PHILADELPHIA
OM,Ch
LANCASTERo
FROM PITTUSBURG
M, Ch
TRENTON
OShE
CAMDEN
MARYLAND

BALTIMORE IO LMIwILNMGTONINGToN FROM

IRON
LABRADOR)/

DELAWARE:
(FROM VENEZUL A
E
M-MACHINE T-COTTON TEXTILE
Sh-CHIPS S-IRON STEEL
CI-GARMENTS Ch-CHEMICAL
E-ELECTRICAL P-PLASTIC

Main Centres and Industrles

New York. It is a lamous industrial centre. Different types of industries ave
developed here. Chemicals, cotton and silk textiles,
printing, chemical fertilizers, sugar garments, petroleum tining
are well-known industries. refining, pharmaceuticals, ship bul
The other industries and centres are
) Chemicals : Wilmington, Camdon,
Baltimore, Steelton,Philadelphia, etc.
(2) Iron and Steel :
(3) Machinery : Lancaster, Philadelphia, Allentown, Bathleham, el
(4)
6)
Smelting and Refining: Wilmington,Baltimore, etc.
Baltinore.
Sea-going Ships: Philadelphia, New York
Favourable Conditlons
DUe
export.
lo coaslal
situalion, these centres the facilities
enjoy O
 GEOGRAPHY OF ANGLO-AMERICA
R E G I O N A L

303

oil from the

Appalachians.
() Coal and
come

(i) Cheap and fast transport is available in the north, west and south by way
of rail-road network.

Civ) Import of iron is convenient due to availability 'excallent port facilities.

C The Sasquehanna, the Shiulkill, the Delaware and other rivers have been
harnessed for producing hydro-electricity.
(vi) Migrants form skilled labour force. Dense population has created demand
for industrial products. All such factors have helpedin developing this industrial
region.
3. HUDSON-MOHAWK VALLEY INDUSTRIAL REGIONN
Situation. It extends from Albany to Rochester in the river Hudson and the
river Mohawk valleys.
HUDSON-MOHAWK VALLEY INDuSTRIAL REGION
MACHINE
M INDUSTRY

GARMENTS

Ch CHEMICALS
UTICA Schenectady
ROCHESTER oOIL REFINERY
R. MO h PAPER
M
:ALBANY QOTTROY
PENINSYLVANIA
COAL
FROM

kINGSTON
AIROPLANE
R RAYON

En RAIL ENGINE

ELECTRIC
BINGHAMTON GOODS
0 LONG S._ Ph PHOTOGRAPHIC
MATERIAL
NEW YORK

MAIN INDUSTRIAL AREA

LIMIT OF INDUSTRIAL AREA

Main Industries and Centres

(1) Paper: Albany
(2) Electrical Appliances: Syracuse-Schenectady, Rochester, etc.
(3) Photography goods : Binghamton and Rochester.
(4) Aeroplane components: Binghamton, Utica-Rome, etc.
(5) Chemicals : Syracuse, Albany, Schenectady, etc.
(6) Machinery : Utica-Rome, Syracuse, Troy and Rochester.
Favourable Conditlons
(i) The Hudson-Mohawk rivers, The Erie Canal and a network of rail-road
transport system provide easy and cheap lransportation.
(i) Coal is obtained Irom Pennsylvania.
(ii1) Hydro-electricity is oblained Irom the waterlalls on various rivers of the
region.
(i) There are many industrial centres, which have created a great demand for
industrial goods.
 WORL O REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY

304 2st resources around

forest
resources r o u n d the
the area.
a

sufficient

There a r e important ind.

(v) have made this region
an
rial area of
These
factors
Angle
America. REGION
INDuSTRIAL

LAKES
d around the Great
4.
GREAT
This region is
situated
kes, the uperior,
Situation. n
Situation. d Huron. It includes the Lake Peninsula c

Centres
also
Industries and
Main
Machinery: Chicago, Erie, Gary
(1) Gary, Buffalo (USA) and Sernia (Canada
(2) Chemicals: Chicago,
Detroit, Toledo (USA)
and Windsor (Canada)
(3) Automobile:
Bufjfalo (USA), Toronto (Canadai
(4) Iron and Steel: Chicago, Gary,
(USA), Sernia (Canada)
(5) Petroleum Refining:
Gary
Agricultural Implements: Chicago, South Bend (USA)
(6)
Instruments: 1oledo, Cleveland and Chicago (USA)
(7) Electrical Toronto (Canada)
(8) Food Stuff: Chicago (USA),
Favourable Conditions
(1) Chicago is the centre of all routes. Al the southern rail and road routes are
connected with Chicago. The eastern industrial area is also connected with ths
The air, waler, rail and road transport play a significant role in the industral
region.
development of this region.
(ii) A variety of goods like leather material, agricultural machinery, ship pats
machine tools, meat,paper, rayon, foodstuffs, etc. are produced.Wood is converted
into paper, furniture, rayon, etc. Chicago is the best market for meat in the US.A

(ii) Due to the development of agriculture and industries, different types ot

chemicals are manufactured.

(io) Hydroelectricity from the Niagara Falls is used in these industries.
() An excellent quality of coal is brought from the North Appalachiar reg
(o1) Clean water is available from the Great Lakes and rivers flowing n
region.
(uii) The iron ore from Lake Superior is
put to use.
vin) Engineering goods: Toledo,
Buffalo, Chicago, Gary.
(ix) Cheap land is available for the of faxtore
of
t x t o n s

here exists plenty of labour to construction and

an expansion
ston nisation inth
work in the factories beca
ories because or uro
Lake
regjon where a galaxy of urban ceni
centres has sprung up
ban
All these n gi n d u s t r

region of Anpl
factorss have contributed to making this regio*
havo

5.
O Anglo America.
OHIO RIVER
VALLEY INDUSTRIAL
REGION Stule

ation. The western part of

fall in
this Pennsylvania, Indiana anu F
region.
Main Centres and Industrles
The
greatest
Ashland, Ironton, industrial centre of this COther centr
Pittsburgh.

(1) Iron and Cincinnati,

Ag region
Johnstown,Ashland,
Steel: /Ohnstown
Pittsburgh,
is
i o n is
le Wheeling. Youngs
benville,
Warron, Sharon and Wheeling, Lou1S ille.

Cleveland.
REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY OF ANGLO-AMERICA
305

) Chemicals:Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Buffalo

3Machinery: Pittsburg. Cincinnati, Springfield.
(4 Agriculture Based Industries (soap, meat, etc.): Cincinnati, Columbus, ctc.
(5) Electrical Goods: Pittsburgh, Louisvile.
6) Metal Extraction: Pittsburgh, Cincinnati
(7) Synthetic Rubber: Akron
(8) Textiles: Cleveland
9) Pottery: East Liverpool
OHIO VALLEY INDUSTRIAL REGION

Erne.
STIUBENVILLE
OChS HNS TOWVN
PITTSBURGH
COLUMBUS ChS, M,M:
MIDDLE TOWN
CE OWHEELINC
ELINC
SPRINGFIELDOM OD
INDIANAPOLIS
S. CHO
AYTON O
ORTSTOWN IRONTON
CINCINNAT!OQ HUNTINTON
ME, F7M SOOch
EVANSVILLE
ASHLAÑD
LOUISVILLE
CAIRO
LIMIT OF INDUSTRIAL REGION

INDUSTRIAL CENTRES

Favourable Conditions
water. The industries have
The Ohio river and its tributaries provide
developed along the R. Manengahela. Mid-Continental
the Appalachian and the
h i s region is situated between from the Appalachians and iron ore trom
r e a . Thus coal is easily available
C
Mesabi range through the Great Lakes. Besides, the large
the Corn Belt of the USA where rich farmers live.
d is demand for industrial products.
population has created Great Lakes and the Metropolis
(io) The reg location, between the
of New region has ideal American heavy industry. Pittsburg
is reganded
York,
the stooand
as the and isi thecore ofthe a variety of
tems of iron
as steel capita
of the the Ohio river valley,
world. In industries have
andstolapital
manufactured. Various other agro
and mineral based
en sore
been set in up the
6. region.
MID-PLAINS INDUSTRIAL
REGION between the basins of
the Mississippi
has developed Missouri, Kansas
and R n.This region tributarics. The main states are the
tISSouri and their
and Nebraska.
and
 WORLD REGIONAL G E O G R A P H Y

306

MID-PLAINS INDUSTRIAL REGION

Ch
M
Ch
RPlatte
.
OMAHA

R. Kansas MO,M.
Ch Fo Mt N
KANSAS C
MEOCITY
OaANITE CITY
EFo,FTY
O KANSAS CITY
opeka
6E.ST. LOUIS CITY
Fo Fe St. Louis Ch

TA.
PoT.E,A
Ch S M

Tr =TRANSPORT GOODS

Main Centres. The main centres are St. Louis, Kansas City, Alton, St. Louis City.
etc.
Main Industries
() Food Processing: Kansas City, Wichita, Si. Louis, Omaha,
(ii) Chemicals: Kansas City, St. Louis.
(ii) Machinery: Kansas City, St. Louis, Omaha.
(iv) Metal Extraction: Kansas City, St. Louis.
(o) Garments and Footwear: St. Louis, Omaha.
(Ui) Meat Canning and Flour Crushing: Omaha, St. Joseph.
Geographical Conditions
() Most of the industrial centres have come up around the river junctions
e.g. Kansas City, Platte, Omaha, etc. As such, water transportation is available. Water
is also used for industrial
purposes.
7) It is a famous agricultural area. Hence the industries are mostly agricultur
based. Examples- Food processing, garments, footuwear, canning of ear, ec.
n) Besides the various rivers which provide cheap transport, a vast rail-roud
network also provides transport facilities
in the region.
D) This region is situated away from the New England and Lake industnl
region. As such large number of industries have
developed in this region.
co) Because of concentration of population there is a wide demand for indust
products.
Al
the above
industrial region. mentioned factors are responsible for making the Mid-Plains
.
n

7. SOUTH APPALACHIAN INDUSTRIAL REGION statesof

Situation. It is situated in
Alabama, Georgia, North and the south-eastern part of the U.5.A. " Tenness
etc. South Carolina, Mississippi,
Louisiana,
 GEOGRAPHY OF ANGLO-AMERICA 307
REGIONAL

Industries and Centres

Main
(1) Iron'and
Steel Birmingham
: Chattanooga.
and

(2) Textile: Atlanta, Augusta, Greenville, Columbus

(3) Machinery: Birmingham, Chattanooga, Atlanta
4) Metallurgy: Birmingham, and Chattanooga.
(5) Food Processing: Atlanta, Columbus, Chattanooga, Noxville.
SOUTH APPALACHIAN INDUSTRIAL REGION
C O A L
NORTH
CAROLIRA

TENNESSEE KNOXVIL EO
CHATTANOOGA
O s
Fo
SPARTONN
BURG
RALEIGH
Ch
COLUMBIA,
BIRMINGHAM M
ME,Ct 7
OGREEN Z7
OGREEN
cOAL ATLANTA o r
VILLE
eITHCAROLINA
soUTHCAROLINA

fo SAUGU`TA
PETROLEUM AREA
MONT
S OGOMERY COLUMBUS

T-COTTON TEXTILE
LIMIT OF THE
Mt-METALS INDUSTRIAL REGION
C-CLOTHINGS
OTHERSSYMBOLS COMMON

Favourable Conditions
() The South Appalachian Coal is the bases of industrial development in the
region.
(i) Iron ore is locally ayailable but good quality iron is imported from other
countrieS.
(ii) The Fall Line provides sufficient electricity to the industries developed here.
(iv) Cotton, the raw material for cotton textile manufacturing is locally available
or is procured from the neighbouring cotton producing states.
(b) Plenty of cheap labour is available in the region particularly the Negros,
who are ready to work at-low wages.
(vi) The climate is warm and as such ideal for working throughout the year.
(vii) Means of transport are very well developed.
(vii) There is a wide demand for industrial products because of urbanisation
and rich farmers living in the region.
These are some of the factors which have contributed to making this region an
important industrial region.
 308
WORLD REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY

8.
CALIFORNIA INDUSTRIAL AREA
Situation.
It is situated in the state of
California.
CALIFORNIA INDUSTRIAL AREA

SHASTA DAM
KESWICK DAM

g
SAC

SAN FRANCISCO
Ch,0,ShM.Mt,Pr
-SAN JOSSE
Stockton

PACIFIC OCEANA Fo

M AO. HOLLYWOOD
PARKER
LOS ANGELES- :DAM:
SAN
BARNARDINO:
opeo100'8.
o

AGINADAM
MANDOTA CANAL-
ABOVE 100 METRES Guf
FIFILMS.===---: o f Calit
The most important industries are
(1) Aeroplanes: Los Angeles, San Diego.
(2) Films: Hollywood.
(3) Electrical Goods: Los Angeles, San Jose.
4 Food Processing: Fruits, coffee, sugar and fish canning industries : >ur
Jose, Fesno, San Diego, Los Angeles, San Francisco.
(5) Petroleum Refining: San Francisco, Los Angeles.
(6) Electronic & Computers:Silicon Valley.
(7) Ships : Los Angeles.
Favourable Conditlons
(1) Many dams have been constructed and a large amount of tricity
IS hyoroich is
produced. The Central Valley and the Hoover Dam produce electrici9
used in the industries.
REG/ONAL
GEOGRAPHY OF ANGLO-AMERICA
309

(2) Many petroleum refineries have been constructed. As such, plenty of oil is
a v a i l a b l e in the region for different uses.

(3) The mediterranean fruits and vegetables are

grown in large quantity. Jams,
iellies, wines, etc. are manulactured. Wheat products, biscuits, bread, etc. are also
prepared. Floriculture is practised.
(4) Population in California has increased due to economic potentialities and
development in different fields. As such, there is a great demand for different
industrial goods.
(5) Introduction of canal irrigation and fertile soils result in higher
yields.
agricultural
(6) The network of rail road transportation and air transportation is highly
developed.
(7) Availab1lity of excellent ports in the region.
(8) Excellent climate, availability of hydro-electricity, skilled labour, plenty of
capital, in immigration, job potentialities, etc. have made California an important
industrial region. This region is known for Electronic and Computer
in the world.
manufacturing
9. ST. LAWRENCE INDUSTRIAL DECIOl