A Case Study:

Social Responsibility Practices of Public Administration: A

Research of Good Health and Well-Being in the Philippines

I. Facts of the Case

I.1 Financial Security

I.2 Community Safety
I.3 Limited Access to Health Care
I.4 Training and Retention of the Health Workforce
I.5 Physical Well-Being

Financial Security

The legal and informal old age protection systems in Malaysia, Singapore, and the
Philippines' largest cities were examined in this study. Research has also been done
on the significance of family support in Asian nations for the preservation of the
elderly. Surveys and interviews were used to gather data. Interviews were conducted
with a total of 250 young people and 250 senior people in Kuala Lumpur. In Manila,
an equal number of young and old people were questioned. Data was gathered from
206 and 161 elderly and young people in Singapore, respectively. To examine how
the availability of different old age safeguards for the two generations overlapped
and how their relative proportions varied among the three cities, a Venn diagram was
created. Since it was well acknowledged that the official old-age benefits were
insufficient, many turned to unofficial safeguards including insurance, savings, and
family support. According to the younger generations, depending on family
assistance has become less significant—with the exception of Manila (Mohd et al.,
2010).

Both the GSIS and SSS are mandated, publicly administered, benefit-defined social
insurance programs. They are supported by investment income from reserves as
well as contributions from members' employers. Both the systems' solvency and the
specified benefit amounts are guaranteed by the government. Due to the rise in
unemployment and the decline in the number of wages that serve as the basis for
payments, the global economic slump will likely result in a decrease in the stream of
contributions to the social security system. Simultaneously, politicians will be enticed
to utilize the pension funds as a means of partially funding the fiscal stimulus
package produced in reaction to the crisis (Manasan, 2009).

Private and public sector workers in the Philippines are covered by two different
organizations that offer social security benefits. Because social security is so
important for meeting individual financial needs, this phenomenon has the potential
to spark some important conversations about e-government. Using a theoretical
framework based on the IS success model, previous experience, and trust theory,
this study documents the opinions of 541 government and private sector employees
regarding the e-social security services that are available to them. The results of
structural equation modeling show that the degree to which people perceive the
quality of e-social security is highly dependent on their level of faith in e-government.
(Capistrano, 2022).

Community Safety

Peace is worldwide and indivisible because it is essential to human survival.

Maintaining social order, political stability, and economic growth all depend on the
people's peace and security. The government of the Philippines closely monitors the
operation of public safety (POPS) and community peace and order. This descriptive-
comparative study evaluated how well the POPS were being implemented in terms
of public safety, anti-illegal drug campaigns, crime prevention and control, and
ordinance enforcement. It also looked into how the software is implemented
differently when the communities are grouped based on different variables. It also
looked at the issues and recommendations raised by local authorities. Data were
collected from respondents using a survey questionnaire created by the researcher.
(ORCID,n.d.)

A community-convened committee looked into ways to avoid drowning deaths and

began implementing basic remedies. Community education programs, capability-
building exercises, playpen construction, community well redesign, and barrier use
are some of these initiatives. Involving the community is essential to the creation and
execution of any health program. This study shows that by interacting and
cooperating with the community, action takes place; yet, additional assessment work
is required to ascertain whether the community's efforts persisted after the project
ended and contributed to a reduction in drowning incidents. The process outlined
has the advantage of being site-specific, culturally relevant, and empowering the
community to come up with answers on its own. (Guevarra et al., 2014)

The study looked at what helps or hinders the community-based leadership of the
people of Pugad Island, Philippines, to attain disaster resilience. It did this by using
the GOAL framework for measuring community disaster resilience (MCDR). The
results of the study show how the community-based leadership of Pugad's disaster
resilience was both aided and hampered by the interaction of strengths and limits in
the practice of disaster risk reduction (DRR). These interactions focused on the
benefits and constraints of community leadership, respecting human rights, financing
community-based disaster recovery initiatives, collaborating with outside
development actors, and involving vulnerable populations—including women—in
disaster recovery. (Abenir et al., 2022)

Limited Access to Health Care

The Philippines did not meet its target of reducing maternal fatalities by 75% as
stipulated by the Millennium Development Goal (MDG). Combining this with the
recently announced Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlights how
important it is for the nation to maintain its current pace of expanding access to
maternal and child health treatments. One of the risk factors contributing to the
variations in health outcomes between socioeconomic groups is the unequal
utilization of health care. After pro-poor national health policy reforms, this study
attempts to investigate the level of disparities in the utilization of MCH services in the
Philippines. (Paredes, 2016)

Since equity is an abstract notion that encompasses philosophical ideas like social
justice and fairness, it is difficult to define and quantify. Using the equity index of
opportunity, this study aims to identify and quantify equity in health status and health
care utilization. The paper presents an approach that uses within-group and
between-group equity to explain equity. Within-group equity suggests that people
with distinct needs should be treated differently based on those differences, but
between-group equity emphasizes equal treatment for equal needs. The suggested
approach is applicable to all socioeconomic and demographic categories. The
Philippines' annual poverty indicator surveys as well as its demographic and health
surveys are used for empirical analysis. (Son, 2009)

In the Philippines, diarrhea and respiratory illnesses rank as the two leading causes
of death for children under five. As it works to overhaul its healthcare system, the
government has given cutting the number of deaths brought on by these disorders
top priority. Policy makers must possess a solid understanding of both the public and
private sectors' usage of health services in order to re-design health systems. The
Philippines National Demographic and Health Survey dataset from 1998 was utilized
to analyze the patterns of service utilization for children under five who had
respiratory illnesses or diarrhea. To identify determinants of health care utilization, a
nested logit regression strategy was employed, with the Andersen Model serving as
the conceptual framework. (Thind, 2003)

Training and Retention of the Health Workforce

The Doctors to the Barrios (DTTB) initiative was founded in 1993 to address the
maldistribution of healthcare providers and the lack of doctors in remote and
underprivileged areas of the Philippines. Retention refers to the decision made by
just 18% of DTTBs as of 2011 to remain in the communities to which they were
assigned following their two-year deployment. The purpose of this research is to
determine the personal, environmental, occupational, national, and international
elements that influence DTTBs' decision to stay in their designated communities
following a two-year deployment. (Flores et al., 2021)

A global problem is creating and maintaining a high-caliber medical staff in low-

resource nations. A major emphasis on socially accountable health professional
education (SAHPE) has been implemented by the Filipino Ateneo de Zamboanga
University–School of Medicine (ADZU-SOM) to solve the physician shortage in both
rural and urban populations in the Western Mindanao region. In a cross-sectional
survey of alumni from two medical schools in the Philippines—ADZU-SOM in the
Mindanao region and a more traditional curriculum—it was discovered that
graduates from ADZU-SOM were more likely to have entered the field out of a desire
to help people (p = 0.002), to have come from lower socioeconomic strata (p =
0.001), and to have significantly (p < 0.05) more positive attitudes toward community
service. (Halili et al., 2017)

About a third of the countries affected by shortage of human resources for health are
the emerging market economies (EMEs). The greatest shortage in absolute terms
was found to be in India and Indonesia leading to health system crisis. This review
identifies the patterns of migration of health workers, causes and possible solutions
in these EMEs. (Nair & Webster, 2012)

Physical Well-Being

The Philippines has a young population structure, but in the years to come, this is
projected to change. Comprehending the welfare of the elderly is crucial in order to
formulate policies that provide a sufficient standard of living. To ensure that
individual development is equal, one must have a thorough understanding of the
variability of a population. Years of Good Life (YoGL) is a brand-new well-being
indicator made up of metrics for happiness with life, being out of poverty, and having
good bodily and mental health. To find which indicators best suit the stated
characteristics of YoGL, a variety of measurements were tested. (Vicerra, 2022)

Extant literature has shown that the compound personality variable core self-
evaluations (CSE) is associated with various psychological outcomes. However,
there is a dearth of research on CSE across cultures. Consistent with self-construal
theory, because there can be differences in self-construal’s within and between
cultures, the present study examined the moderating role of culture on the relation
between CSE and subjective well-being while also allowing for individual differences
in self-construal in the US and the Philippines. In both countries, CSE positively
predicted subjective well-being. Notably, the association between CSE and
subjective well-being was stronger in the US than in the Philippines. In addition,
independent self-construal strengthened the positive impact of CSE on subjective
well-being especially in the US. Overall, CSE positively predicts subjective well-
being; however, the relationship depends on not only the cultural context, but also on
individual differences in self-construal. (Rosopa et al., 2016)

Many people have experienced significant psychological distress as a result of the

COVID-19 epidemic, and worry is becoming more common, which may be harmful to
people's health. However, there have also been accounts of optimism in overcoming
the obstacles the pandemic has brought forth. The goal of the study was to
determine if the various locus-of-hope dimensions—internal, familial, peer, and
spiritual—would mitigate the effect of anxiety symptoms on well-being, which
includes psychological, social, and emotional well-being. A national poll of 10,529
adult Filipinos was carried out. The findings indicated a negative correlation between
anxiety symptoms and emotional, social, and psychological well-being. (Dizon et al.,
2023)

II.Point of View

Financial Security

The adoption of a sound business model that targets a sizable untapped market and
is modeled after Grameen Bank, support from the government and/or donor
agencies, a supportive policy and regulatory environment, and innovations based on
Internet and mobile technology have all contributed to the growth of the microfinance
industry in the Philippines. Even as they work to attain financial sustainability,
microfinance institutions (MFIs) continue to encounter obstacles that may limit their
capacity to assist more impoverished individuals. We suggest a research program
that fills in the gaps in measuring the "quality" and "welfare" dimensions of financial
inclusion and supplements the development-economics literature by looking at MFIs
from a business perspective in order to better understand the difficulties MFIs face in
achieving both their social and economic goals. (Habaradas & Umali, 2013)

The Social Security System (SSS), the largest pension system in the Philippines that
provides coverage to private sector workers, and its financial reporting policies. The
amount and caliber of information in the reports that allowed users to evaluate the
System's cash flows, performance, and financial status was a focus of the current
evaluation of the SSS financial reports. The investigation concludes that there are
deficiencies in the SSS's reporting procedures with relation to receivables,
investment property, and its pension and insurance liabilities, even in light of the
Commission on Audit's unqualified conclusion regarding the reports. As a result,
consumers cannot evaluate the SSS's financial situation due to the lack of high-
quality information in its financial reports, even with regard to its 2011 stated
unfunded obligation of ₱1.22 trillion. (Valderrama, 2017)

For Indonesia and the Philippines, a model of food security and foreign exchange
supply is used. Over the past 20 years, the total amount of grain supplies in both
countries have been impacted by the cost of food security imports relative to
available foreign currency. Furthermore, during the 1997–1998 financial crisis,
Indonesia's fall in cereal supplies outpaced that anticipated due to a scarcity of
foreign currency. The research indicates that the interplay between foreign exchange
availability, food import prices, and domestic food production has a significant impact
on the short-term food security of food-importing nations. Programs for
compensatory funding that support food security must to be adaptable to further
instances of financial contagion, price hikes, or production shocks. (“Foreign
Exchange, Food Security, and Financial Crises in Indonesia and the Philippines on
JSTOR,” n.d.)

Photo Courtesy of Bank, 2022

Community Safety
120 residents and 138 PNP officers from four Municipalities of Salug Valley
Zamboanga del Sur evaluated the efficacy of crime prevention strategies
implemented by the Salug Valley Philippine National Police (PNP) in terms of the
Police Integrated Patrol System, Barangay Peacekeeping Operation, Anti-Criminality
Operation, Integrated Area Community Public Safety services, Bantay Turista, and
School Safety Project. To choose the respondents, stratified random sampling was
used. In the town of Salug Valley, the PNP's crime prevention tactics and the index
crime rate were associated. A self-made questionnaire was used in this study as part
of a descriptive research design. The primary statistical methods, such as frequency
count, percentage, mean computation, Kruskal Wallis Analysis of Variance, and
simple correlation, were used to examine the acquired data. According to 158
participants' responses, the study's findings showed that the crime prevention tactics
in four (4) municipalities—the Integrated Patrol System, Barangay Peace Keeping
Operations, Anti-Criminality Operations, Integrated Area Community Public Safety
Services, Bantay Turista, and School Safety Project—were "much effective." The
index crime rate and the methods used to prevent crime are significantly correlated.
(Patalinghug, 2017)

In Metro Manila, the Philippines, disaster governance is aided by civil society

organizations and the national, local, and community levels of government. Above
all, it examines cooperative measures taken by state and non-state actors to mitigate
the risk of disasters for unofficial settlers residing close to rivers, as well as the
elements that facilitate or hinder such cooperation. It also looks at how informal
settler communities are involved in these kinds of projects. The chapter makes the
case that through transferring technologies and offering resources, civic society
promotes urban resiliency. Nonetheless, in order to maintain the benefits of
collaborative governance and quicken the pace of urban resiliency, the state must
demonstrate political will, commitment, and social accountability. (Balgos, 2016)

Institutional frameworks that could be necessary to support Philippine rural

development and organic agriculture. Community-based organic agriculture is given
special consideration as a means of achieving rural development. Two decades of
community-based natural resource management have been practiced in the
Philippines. In contrast to publicly owned natural resources like forests, streams, or
fisheries, the goal of the community-based organic agricultural program is to address
the regime of private property. Thus, agrarian land reform must to continue if the
program is to succeed. Since that duck meat is a popular delicacy in the Philippines
and rice is a major agricultural crop, integrated rice-duck farming is one of the
appropriate and feasible solutions for organic agriculture. (Suh, 2015)

Photo Courtesy of Moncada_Tine, 2023

Limited Access to Health Care

A randomly chosen sample of 3000 rural and urban women who were prospectively
studied during pregnancy and at three or four days postpartum are used to assess
the determinants of prenatal care. The most popular kind of traditional, contemporary
public, or contemporary private prenatal care, as well as the number of visits to each
type of care, were found to be influenced by a wide range of policy considerations;
however, few of these factors had an impact on the first month of visits. Prenatal
trends were significantly impacted by the standard of care given, the mother's
insurance status, and the ease with which this care could be obtained. The range of
workable policy choices for enhancing prenatal care in rural and urban locations
differs significantly. (Wong et al., 1987)

Effective reduction of stroke-related mortality and morbidity requires an assessment

of the condition of stroke care at the moment, the resources that are required, and
the gaps in health policies and programs. This study uses the World Health
Organization's health system building blocks approach to describe the stroke care
network and system in the Philippines. The Philippine Department of Health (DOH)
established a national policy framework for managing and preventing stroke in order
to align the numerous general rules that now govern stroke and its risk factors.
Policy changes notwithstanding, the scope of government financing is still restricted.
Regarding medication availability, the government started the Stroke Medicine
Access Program (MAP) in 2016, giving subsidized vials of alteplase or recombinant
tissue plasminogen activator (RTPA) to more than 1,000 government hospitals
nationwide. Unfortunately, the lack of neuroimaging equipment and a well-organized
healthcare system to facilitate the administration of the medication in question led
DOH to terminate the experiment. Stroke diagnosis and treatment facilities are
concentrated in urban areas, primarily in private hospitals, where out-of-pocket
expenses are common, despite the scarcity of resources. (Collantes et al., 2021b)

The compromise that patients make while seeking medical care, choosing between
cost and quality. Based on information gathered from homes and medical facilities in
Cebu, Philippines, the analysis was conducted. This is one of the few health care
studies that incorporates comprehensive information on the individual characteristics
and facility attributes of all relevant alternatives due to the availability of both types of
data. The context of developing nations offers significant diversity in the kind of
facility selected; at one extreme of the spectrum is home delivery assisted solely by
friends and family, while at the other end are cutting-edge private hospitals. The
quality and cost of the options differ significantly, which makes this a perfect setting
for analyzing how these factors affect facility selection. The estimated nested logit
model specifications include cost, travel time, and various combinations of quality
measures, such as practitioner training, service availability, facility size and
crowdedness, availability of medical supplies, and their interaction with individual
characteristics. (Hotchkiss, 1998)
 Photo Courtesy of Jaymalin, 2019

Training and Retention of the Health Workforce

The quality of patient care services in the nation is in jeopardy due to the persistent
trend of Filipino nurses migrating abroad. The amount of organizational commitment
and turnover intention among nurses in the Philippines were investigated in this
study. Additionally, indicators of nurses' intention to leave the organization and their
organizational commitment were found. For this study, a cross-sectional research
design was chosen. 166 nurses, or 83% of the 200 nurses from nine rural hospitals
in the Central Philippines, answered the study's invitation to participate. The
Organizational Commitment Questionnaire and the Six-item Turnover Intention
Inventory Scale were the two standardized tools utilized. (Labrague et al., 2018)

In order to join their families in the United States, a group of Filipino internationally
educated nurses (IENs) applied to sit for the registered nurse licensure exam. The
state board of nursing denied their application after reviewing their transcripts of
education because they had not taken the clinical laboratory component of their
nursing courses concurrently with the theory section. The Board of Nursing declared
them ineligible and ordered them to retake these nursing courses in a recognized
nursing program. It should be mentioned that, in accordance with states' rights, the
additional requirement of concurrent theory and clinical courses proved problematic
in this state. (Joel et al., 2018)

An increasing number of senior citizens need sophisticated care, yet professional

collaboration to deliver all-encompassing, superior care is seen to be insufficient.
There are few opportunities, especially for those who are already employed, to
acquire the knowledge and abilities necessary for interprofessional collaboration in
the context of geriatric care. A pilot study was conducted to develop and assess a
brief interprofessional collaboration training program for health and social care
workers in the Philippines. After group interviews regarding training needs and a
review of the literature on geriatric care education, the program was developed. This
research aims to present the training program and assess its impact on participants'
attitudes and preparedness for collaboration by utilizing both quantitative and
qualitative approaches. (Nakamura et al., 2022)

Photo Courtesy of World Health Organization: WHO, 2019

Physical Well-Being

Whether ostensibly adaptive or maladaptive biological diversity has any true bearing
on people's lives and well-being is the general theoretical question our work
addresses. A sample of twenty-five boys and twenty-five girls who had finished first
grade at the age of eight were measured from a disadvantaged barrio of a rural
lowland Philippine fishing town. By NCHS standards, this group might be classified
as significantly undernourished, but not by Philippine norms. Anthropometry,
academic standing, and visual-motor abilities were found to be correlated. Here,
grades—which are considered to include both cognitive and social-behavioral
components—correlate most with the percentage of median height (NCHS and
Philippine), with visual motor skill showing a weaker but still significant correlation,
and not with height weight. Anthropometry and visual-motor skills (as measured by
the Beery VMI) did not correlate. (Steegmann et al., 1992)

It is said that caregivers for children have a big impact on the healing process of the
kids entrusted to them. Despite the fact that the healthcare sector is beginning to
conduct research on children who are at risk, this vulnerable population is still not
given priority as a research subject. The few research on child care providers
frequently concentrates on burnout and hazards associated with the job. According
to some research, it's crucial to consider positive elements like psychological health
and self-efficacy while attempting to comprehend the experiences of child care
providers. In this study, a sample of 100 Filipino childcare workers' psychological
well-being and self-efficacy are examined in relation to emotional tiredness. The
results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that psychological well-
being and emotional tiredness had a significant positive association, whereas
psychological well-being and self-efficacy had a substantial negative link. (Mata &
Tarroja, 2022)

University students face a variety of pressures that could be detrimental to their

psychological well-being (PWB) in many different countries. They so run the danger
of developing psychological and physical issues. This study looked at how self-
efficacy, social support, and mindfulness predicted psychological well-being in
college students. A non-experimental study was carried out in a Philippine university.
An appropriate sample size was determined using power analysis, and 630 people
were conveniently selected for the sample. Online self-reported surveys were used
to gather data between 2013 and 2015. The study data were analyzed using
structural equation modeling, correlational analysis, and descriptive statistics. The
majority of the participants were female, Filipino, Christian, and enrolled in nursing or
medical schools, according to the results. Support from friends, family, significant
others, self-efficacy, and mindfulness were all highly significant indicators of
psychological well-being. The greatest predictor of positive psychological well-being
was mindfulness, while the best predictor of poor PWB was self-efficacy.
Undergraduate students could benefit from psychosocial interventions that
emphasize self-efficacy and mindfulness in order to improve their psychological well-
being. The therapies can be tested in further studies, and multi-centered research
can be carried out to improve the generalizability of study results. (Klainin‐Yobas et
al., 2016)
 Photo Courtesy of Zurbano, 2023

I.Areas of Consideration (SWOT Analysis)

Financial Security

STRENGTH WEAKNESSES OPPURTUNITIES THREATS ACTION PLAN

Financial security Financial security Building savings This occurs when Create a budget to
provides stability can be and assets can put someone steals track your income
and peace of compromised by individuals on a your personal and expenses.
mind by ensuring various types of path of upward information, such This will help you
that individuals fraud and scams. mobility, allowing as your Social identify areas
and families have This includes them to improve Security number where you can
enough identity theft, their financial or credit card save money and
resources to phishing scams, situation and details, to commit reduce
meet their basic Ponzi schemes, achieve their fraud or access unnecessary
needs and handle and fraudulent goals. your financial spending.
unexpected investment accounts.
expenses. opportunities.
Individuals and
organizations
need to be
vigilant and take
precautions to
protect
themselves from
 these risks.

It acts as a safety Financial security Financial security Hackers can gain Set aside a portion
net, protecting can be creates a unauthorized of your income for
individuals and undermined by foundation for access to savings. Aim to
businesses economic individuals to financial systems build an
against financial downturns and explore and seize and steal emergency fund
risks such as job market volatility. economic sensitive data, that can cover at
loss, illness, Economic opportunities. It including least 3-6 months of
accidents, or recessions, stock provides the customer living expenses.
natural disasters. market crashes, stability and information and Additionally,
Adequate or sudden resources needed financial records. consider saving for
financial security changes in to pursue This can lead to specific goals such
measures can interest rates can entrepreneurship, financial losses as retirement,
help mitigate the lead to financial investments, and and reputational education, or a
negative impact losses for career damage for down payment on
of these risks. individuals, advancements. individuals and a house.
businesses, and organizations.
financial
institutions.

Financial security Financial Having financial Financial security Evaluate your

allows individuals institutions security enables can be insurance needs
to plan for the operate in a individuals to threatened by and ensure you
future, whether highly regulated withstand economic have adequate
it's saving for environment. unexpected recessions or coverage for
retirement, Failure to comply financial downturns, which health, life,
funding with applicable challenges and can lead to job disability, and
education, or laws and emergencies. It losses, reduced property.
achieving other regulations can provides a safety income, and a Insurance can
long-term goals. result in financial net that can help decline in the provide financial
It provides a penalties, them recover from value of protection in case
sense of control reputational setbacks and investments. of unexpected
and the ability to damage, and loss maintain stability. events or
make informed of customer trust.
financial Compliance risks emergencies.
decisions. include anti-
money laundering
regulations, data
privacy laws, and
consumer
protection laws.

Community Safety

STRENGTH WEAKNESSES OPPURTUNITIES THREATS ACTION PLAN

Community Communities Community safety Criminal This involves

capability refers to may face initiatives aim to activities such promoting trust,
the combined challenges in create a safe and as theft, collaboration,
influence of a terms of limited secure environment robbery, and
community's social financial for residents. By assault, and communication
systems and resources, implementing drug-related between the
collective resources staffing, and effective crime offenses can police and
that can address infrastructure to prevention strategies, pose a community
community effectively promoting significant members. It can
problems and address safety collaboration threat to be achieved
broaden community issues. between law community through
opportunities. It enforcement safety. community
consists of three agencies and policing
domains: what community members, programs,
communities have, and addressing the regular meetings,
how communities root causes of crime, and initiatives
act, and for whom community safety that address
communities act. can significantly community
enhance public concerns.
safety.

Community Poor Community safety Acts of Implementing

development plays communication empowers individuals violence, crime prevention
a vital role in and coordination and communities to including programs that
building and between take an active role in domestic educate
strengthening community their own safety. By violence, community
communities. It members, law providing resources, gang members about
involves taking a enforcement training, and support, violence, and crime prevention
systems approach agencies, and community safety hate crimes, strategies, such
to understanding other initiatives enable can endanger as neighborhood
development stakeholders can residents to develop the well-being watch programs,
initiatives and hinder the skills, knowledge, and security security
focuses on the effectiveness of and resilience to of individuals assessments,
ecological community prevent and respond within a and self-defense
framework of safety efforts. to safety issues community. classes.
human effectively.
development.

In the context of the Communities Community safety With the Empowering

COVID-19 that face high initiatives not only increasing community
pandemic, levels of poverty, focus on reducing reliance on members to take
community safety unemployment, crime but also technology, an active role in
support plays a and social address broader communities their own safety
crucial role in inequality may issues that impact are vulnerable by providing
preventing the experience well-being. By to cyber them with the
spread of the virus. higher crime addressing factors threats, necessary
It enhances risk rates and such as substance including knowledge, skills,
perception, struggle to abuse, mental health, hacking, and resources.
disruption implement poverty, and identity theft, This can include
recognition, and effective safety inequality, and online training in
criticality recognition measures. community safety scams. emergency
within the can contribute to the response, first
community. overall well-being of aid, and self-
individuals and defense.
communities.
 Limited Access to Health Care

STRENGTH WEAKNESSES OPPURTUNITIES THREATS ACTION PLAN

Limited access to When individuals Limited access to Limited access Enhance the
health care can have limited traditional to healthcare can existing healthcare
force health care access to health healthcare facilities exacerbate infrastructure by
providers and care, they may can drive the existing health building or
systems to experience development and inequities, as upgrading
prioritize their delays in adoption of marginalized healthcare
resources and receiving telemedicine and populations may facilities, including
allocate them more necessary remote health face greater hospitals, clinics,
efficiently. This can medical treatment services. These barriers in and medical
lead to better or may not technologies allow accessing centers. This can
utilization of receive adequate patients to receive essential help in increasing
available care at all. This medical healthcare the capacity to
resources and can lead to consultations, services. This provide healthcare
potentially improve worsened health diagnoses, and can result in services to a larger
the quality of care conditions, treatments disparities in population.
for those who can increased remotely, reducing health outcomes
access it. complications, the need for in- and contribute to
and poorer health person visits and the cycle of
outcomes. improving access poverty and ill
to healthcare for health.
underserved
populations.
When access to Limited access to Limited access to When people Allocate sufficient
health care is health care can health care can have limited financial resources
limited, there may result in prompt the access to to the healthcare
be a greater individuals establishment of healthcare, they sector to ensure
emphasis on seeking care in community health may experience the availability of
preventive care emergency programs and delays in essential medical
and public health departments or initiatives. These receiving equipment,
initiatives. This can hospitals, which programs aim to necessary medicines, and
include promoting are often more provide essential medical supplies. This can
healthy lifestyles, expensive than healthcare treatment. This be achieved
disease prevention primary care services, health can lead to the through increased
programs, and settings. This can education, and progression of government
community lead to increased preventive care to diseases, funding, public-
outreach efforts to health care costs underserved worsening of private
address health for both communities. They health partnerships, and
issues before they individuals and often involve conditions, and health insurance
become severe the overall health collaborations increased schemes.
and require more care system. between healthcare morbidity and
extensive medical providers, mortality rates.
interventions. community
organizations, and
volunteers.

Limited access to Access to Limited access to Limited access Promote health

traditional health preventive care, health care to healthcare education and
care services can such as highlights the need may result in awareness
drive innovation vaccinations, for health policy individuals campaigns to
and the adoption screenings, and and reform. It can seeking care at a empower
of technology- regular check- drive discussions later stage when individuals and
enabled solutions. ups, is crucial for and actions to their conditions communities to
Telemedicine, early detection address healthcare have worsened. make informed
mobile health and prevention of disparities, improve This can lead to decisions about
applications, and diseases. Limited healthcare higher their health. This
remote monitoring access to health infrastructure, and healthcare costs can include
devices can help care can hinder ensure equitable due to the need initiatives on
bridge the gap and individuals from access to quality for more preventive
provide access to receiving these healthcare intensive healthcare,
medical advice preventive services. This can treatments or disease
and care in areas services, leading lead to positive hospitalizations. management, and
with limited to missed changes in healthy lifestyle
resources. opportunities for healthcare practices.
early intervention systems, such as
and increased increased funding,
health risks. expanded
coverage, and
improved
healthcare delivery
models.

Training and Retention of the Health Workforce

STRENGTH WEAKNESSES OPPURTUNITIE THREATS ACTION PLAN

S

Various There is a global Investing in the Health workers The Working for
interventions and shortage of development of often face Health 2022–
strategies have healthcare healthcare challenging 2030 Action Plan
been identified to workers, including professionals and working is a global
improve job nurses, doctors, providing them conditions, commitment and
retention of and other with necessary including long strategy that
healthcare healthcare resources can working hours, addresses critical
workers, including professionals. enhance their high workload, and long-standing
nurses and This shortage skills and and limited challenges in the
physicians in a puts a strain on knowledge, resources. health and care
hospital setting. healthcare leading to These workforce. It aims
These strategies systems and improved conditions can to improve the
aim to address the affects the quality retention rates. lead to burnout training and
challenges of and accessibility and retention of health
turnover rates and of healthcare dissatisfaction workers to ensure
ensure the services. among health quality healthcare
sustainability of workers. for all.
the health
workforce.

High turnover Many healthcare Implementing The absence of The Mental

rates in the professionals are supportive clear career Health and
healthcare reaching strategies, such pathways and Wellbeing
workforce can retirement age, as mentorship limited Workforce Action
result in financial leading to a loss programs, career opportunities Plan focuses on
losses related to of experienced development for professional the five pillars of
recruitment. By and skilled plans, and work- growth and Plan, Attract,
implementing workers. This life balance advancement Train, Employ,
effective retention further initiatives, can can discourage and Nurture. It
strategies, exacerbates the contribute to the health workers outlines strategies
healthcare shortage of retention of from staying in to enhance the
organizations can healthcare healthcare the profession. training and
minimize these workers and workers. retention of the
losses and creates mental health
maintain a stable challenges in workforce.
workforce. maintaining
continuity of care.

Retaining Healthcare Offering training Health workers Recruitment and

healthcare workers may opportunities and may feel retention
workers is leave their jobs personalized undervalued strategies play a
essential for due to various career guidance and crucial role in
maintaining the reasons, such as can help unappreciated, addressing
quality of care burnout, healthcare leading to workforce
provided to dissatisfaction workers enhance decreased job challenges. These
patients. High with working their skills and satisfaction and strategies aim to
turnover rates can conditions, or advance in their motivation. attract and retain
lead to increased better job careers, thereby Supportive healthcare
mortality rates, opportunities increasing their work professionals
medical errors, elsewhere. High motivation to stay environments through measures
loss of care turnover rates can in the workforce. and recognition such as offering
continuity, and disrupt healthcare for their competitive
patient services and contributions wages, providing
dissatisfaction. By hinder the are crucial for flexible
focusing on development of a retaining health scheduling, and
retention, stable and workers. recognizing and
healthcare experienced rewarding
organizations can workforce. employees'
enhance the efforts.
quality of care and
patient outcomes.

Physical Well-Being

STRENGTH WEAKNESSES OPPURTUNITIES THREATS ACTION PLAN

Regular exercise Not engaging in Engaging in Consuming an Engaging in

and physical regular physical regular physical unhealthy diet physical activities
activity can activity can lead activity lacking in like walking,
improve to a decline in contributes to essential jogging,
cardiovascular physical well- better physical nutrients can swimming, or
health, strength, being. It may health. It helps compromise joining a fitness
flexibility, and result in prevent and physical well- class can help
overall fitness decreased manage being. A diet high improve
levels. stamina, muscle noncommunicabl in processed cardiovascular
weakness, and e diseases such foods, sugars, health,
overall reduced as cardiovascular and saturated strengthen
physical fitness. diseases, cancer, fats can lead to muscles, and
and diabetes. weight gain, increase
Physical activity nutrient flexibility.
also improves deficiencies, and
cardiovascular increased risk of
 fitness, muscle chronic diseases.
strength, and
flexibility.

Good physical A diet lacking in Taking care of Substance Consuming a

well-being often essential your physical abuse, including nutritious diet that
means having high nutrients can well-being can alcohol, drugs, includes fruits,
energy levels and negatively impact result in and tobacco, can vegetables,
endurance to physical well- increased energy have severe whole grains,
perform daily being. It may lead levels. Regular negative effects lean proteins,
activities without to weight gain or exercise and a on physical well- and healthy fats
feeling excessively loss, nutrient healthy lifestyle being. These can provide
fatigued. deficiencies, and can boost your substances can essential
an increased risk energy levels, damage organs, nutrients for
of various health making you feel weaken the optimal physical
conditions. more energetic immune system, health.
and productive and increase the
throughout the risk of various
day. health problems.

Physical well- Engaging in Engaging in Inadequate sleep Find healthy

being is often harmful physical activities or poor sleep ways to manage
associated with a substances such can help reduce quality can impair stress, such as
robust immune as tobacco, stress levels. physical well- practicing
system, which alcohol, or drugs Exercise releases being. Sleep relaxation
helps defend can significantly endorphins, which deprivation can techniques,
against infections impact physical are known as weaken the meditation, or
and illnesses. well-being. It can "feel-good" immune system, engaging in
lead to addiction, hormones, contribute to hobbies that
organ damage, providing a weight gain, and bring joy and
increased risk of natural mood increase the risk relaxation.
diseases, and boost and helping of chronic
decreased overall to alleviate stress conditions such
health. and tension. as obesity,
diabetes, and
 cardiovascular
disease.

IV.Courses of Action

Financial Security

One of the most important steps in successfully managing funds is budget creation.
It includes keeping tabs on earnings and outlays, ranking necessities, and figuring
out how to cut back on wasteful expenditure. People may make sure that their
income meets their necessities and enables them to invest for the future by creating
a budget and practicing prudent cost management.

A fund for emergencies must be established in order to ensure financial security.

This fund serves as a safety net to pay for unforeseen costs like auto repairs,
medical bills, and job loss. Try to put up three or six months' worth of living expenses
in a readily accessible account to safeguard your finances in hard times.

One of the most important steps toward financial security is reducing and eliminating
debt. Credit card debt and personal loans with high interest rates can be
burdensome and prevent one from making financial progress. Make paying off debt
your top priority by employing techniques like the debt avalanche or snowball tactics.
People can free up income for savings and investments by paying off their debt.

Community Safety

Engaging and educating the community about safety procedures and practices is
one way to go about things. This can be accomplished by educating locals on crime
prevention techniques, emergency preparedness, and personal safety advice
through workshops, seminars, or community activities. Members of the community
can improve their individual safety and contribute to the community's general safety
by arming themselves with knowledge.

Promoting a close alliance and cooperative relationship with local law enforcement
officials is another crucial line of action. This may entail launching community
policing programs in which law enforcement officials collaborate closely with locals to
address safety issues, foster trust, and create crime prevention plans that are suited
to the community's unique requirements. Effective identification and resolution of
safety concerns can be facilitated by regular information exchange and contact
between the community and law enforcement.

Putting neighborhood watch programs into place is a good way to improve

community safety. In these initiatives, people live in a neighborhood and cooperate
to keep an eye out for suspicious activity, report it, stay visible, and foster a sense of
community responsibility for safety. Programs like neighborhood watch can
strengthen the sense of community togetherness and act as a deterrent to crime.

Limited Access to Health Care

Increasing the number of medical professionals, such as physicians, nurses, and

other healthcare providers, can help address the issue of limited access to
healthcare. This can be accomplished by implementing plans such as growing
training programs, encouraging medical professionals to practice in underprivileged
areas, and boosting the number of students enrolled in medical schools.

Lack of health insurance is frequently linked to limited access to healthcare.

Increasing health insurance coverage—through public programs or commercial
insurance options—can assist people in affording essential healthcare services and
lower financial obstacles to access.

Addressing the issue of limited access to healthcare requires improving access to

primary care. Improving primary care services helps guarantee that people have a
regular source of healthcare and can obtain prompt and appropriate care. Some
examples of these improvements include expanding the number of primary care
physicians, telemedicine choices, and prevention care promotion.
Training and Retention of the Health Workforce

Creating thorough training programs that give medical personnel the know-how and
abilities they need to carry out their jobs well is one way to go about things. In order
to guarantee that healthcare professionals are adequately equipped to handle the
demands of their line of work, these programs may incorporate both theoretical and
practical components.

Opportunities for ongoing professional development should be made available to

healthcare workers so they can continue to advance their knowledge and abilities
throughout their careers. Workshops, seminars, conferences, and online courses
that highlight the most recent developments and industry best practices can fall
under this category.

Establishing encouraging work environments is essential for fostering employee

wellbeing and job satisfaction. This can be done through encouraging a happy work
environment, allowing chances for career development and progress, giving
competitive pay and benefits, and making sure that work and life are balanced.

Physical Well-Being

Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining physical health. This can involve
exercises like cycling, swimming, jogging, walking, or playing sports. Depending on
age and fitness level, different amounts of exercise are advised, but a weekly
minimum of 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity is a decent place to
start.

Physical well-being can be adversely affected by ongoing stress. Reducing stress

and promoting physical health can be achieved by practicing stress-reduction
strategies like yoga, deep breathing exercises, meditation, or taking up enjoyable
and relaxing hobbies and pastimes.

For physical health, abstaining from dangerous substances like tobacco, excessive
alcohol use, and illegal narcotics is essential. These drugs may be harmful to
general health and raise the chance of developing certain illnesses.