Program for International Student
Assessment (PISA)
The Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) is an international assessment that
measures 15-year-old students' reading, mathematics, and science literacy. The PISA 2022
results represent outcomes from the 8th cycle of PISA since its inception in 2000. PISA has
been conducted every 3 years except for a 1-year delay in the current cycle (from 2021 to 2022)
due to the pandemic. After the 2025 data collection, PISA will change to a 4-year data collection
cycle. The major domain of study rotates between mathematics, science, and reading in each
cycle. PISA also includes measures of general or cross-curricular competencies, such as
collaborative problem solving. By design, PISA emphasizes functional skills that students have
acquired as they near the end of compulsory schooling. PISA is coordinated by the
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), an intergovernmental
organization of industrialized countries, and is conducted in the United States by NCES.
Highlights of PISA 2022 U.S. Results
The Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) is an international
comparative study of 15-year-old students' performance in reading, mathematics, and
science literacy. In 2022, eighty-one education systems participated in PISA, including
37 member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
(OECD) and 44 other countries and subnational education systems. The PISA 2022
results represent outcomes from the 8th cycle of PISA since its inception in 2000 and
provide a global view of U.S. students' performance compared to their peers in the 80
other participating education systems.
In PISA 2022, the major domain was mathematics literacy, although reading and
science literacy were also assessed. The United States, along with 19 other countries
and education systems, also participated in the optional financial literacy assessment in
2022, with the results to be released in May 2024.
Click on the four buttons below to explore the PISA 2022 results by subject area. Make
sure to continue reading down the page for more information about PISA.
MATHEMATICS LITERACYMathematics literacy was the major domain in PISA 2022.
As the major domain, about half of the main assessment was devoted to mathematics
literacy items designed to measure students' capacity to formulate, employ, and
interpret mathematics in a variety of contexts. See an example mathematics item.
READING LITERACYReading literacy was a minor domain in PISA 2022. As one of
the two minor domains, about one-quarter of the main assessment was devoted to
measure students' ability to engage with texts across a variety of scenarios and tasks,
including digital contexts.
SCIENCE LITERACYScience literacy was a minor domainin PISA 2022. As one of the
two minor domains, about one-quarter of the main assessment was devoted to science
literacy items designed to measure students' ability to engage with science-related
issues, and with the ideas of science, as a reflective citizen.
FINANCIAL LITERACY Financial literacy was an optional domainin PISA 2022. As an
optional domain, it was presented to a sample of PISA-eligible students as blocks of
financial literacy items designed to measure their knowledge and understanding of
financial concepts, products, and risks, and their ability to apply what they know to real-
life situations involving financial issues and decisions. Students who took the financial
literacy assessment were also asked to complete a special questionnaire about their
financial literacy background and experiences. Results are forthcoming May 2024.
By design, PISA aims to measure how well students can apply knowledge obtained
both in and out of school to real-world tasks as they are nearing the end of compulsory
schooling. Since 2000 PISA has rotated the focus of the assessment among reading,
mathematics, and science literacy in each cycle, with one being the major domain and
the other two being minor domains. Read about the PISA cycle of domains
Peace Education - How to Implement it in
Schools
Introduction
The primary objective of education is to build a society where everyone
respects each other and lives in harmony. For this, individuals ought to
respect each other and accept differences.
This is where peace education in schools is relevant. Individuals ought
to learn the importance of peace in the society we live in to grow as
responsible adults. It is from schools that reformation begins in society.
Students gain an understanding of the importance of being able to
resolve problems amicably when they learn about their rights and
obligations as community members. Now, before we learn how you can
promote peace education in schools, let us look at what peace
education is.
What is Peace Education?
Students learn the skills and information necessary to resolve a conflict
without resorting to violence through peace education. Hence, peace
education is centred on the concepts of social justice and nonviolence.
It advocates for a fair and inclusive society where people can coexist
peacefully without encountering discrimination. Now, let us learn how
can you promote peace education in schools.
Promoting Peace Education in Classroom
Instill Empathy Among Students
Empathy is the capacity to understand another person's thoughts or
feelings. It has been proven that empathy is a significant predictor of
how successfully people resolve conflicts. It may be challenging for you
to comprehend someone's motivations for acting in a particular way and
how their actions affect those around them if you are unable to
empathize with them.
Storytelling, role-playing games, and other activities that provide
children with the chance to practice interacting with one another are just
a few approaches to teaching empathy.
In order to inculcate empathy among students, you can promote social-
emotional learning in the classroom. The main objective of social-
emotional learning is to develop students’ social and emotional
competencies. This learning promotes empathy for others and teaches
them how to control their own emotions.
Nourish Students’ Physical and Mental Well-being.
Schools should give importance to students' physical and mental health
in order to promote peace education. Because it has an impact on our
feelings, thoughts, and behaviors. Moreover, physical health is a crucial
element in fostering peace. For instance, anxiety or sadness brought on
by stress may result in violent behavior or even suicide.
Physical and mental well-being are interrelated and therefore, good
mental health lowers the chance of illness and keeps our bodies
healthy. Mental illness has a significant impact on our ability to socially
and emotionally interact with people, which also has substantial
influences on our relationships with the people around us.
Introduce Compromise, Cooperation, and Conflict Resolution.
You can be a role model for your students through your behavior. This
is crucial when discussing collaboration and conflict resolution in the
classroom. It is beneficial to demonstrate and promote courteous,
compassionate, and cooperative behavior in your classroom. In this
way, they will understand that these traits are valued outside of the
classroom as well. Students will gradually start internalizing these
principles and will become a habit if you demonstrate them to them in
front of the class every day.
In addition to this, you can include conflict resolution and negotiation in
the curriculum. Through a variety of activities and classroom behaviors,
you can teach students how to think, behave, and act in conflict
situations. This teaches students to be empathetic and resolve conflicts
in a peaceful manner.
Foster Inclusive Attitude in Classroom
Teaching students about the global community will help them
understand how interconnected we all are. When students learn about
the similarities and differences that exist in society, they are most likely
to foster an inclusive attitude among them. Because, when students
learn about differences, they tend to accept and respect everyone the
way they are. You can teach students about their rights and
responsibilities as members of their community. Conflicts can be
reduced to a great extent when people learn to accept each other for
who they are.
Another way by which peace education can be introduced is through a
trauma-informed approach means recognizing that students have
experienced trauma. Trauma can be caused by a variety of events,
including violence, poverty, and neglect. It can affect how a student
learns, behaves, and feels. As teachers, you can bring about positive
changes in the lives of such students. This can rule out any conflicts
that may arise due to the trauma they have experienced.
To learn why inclusive education is important, read our blog on All
About Inclusive Education
