ACTIVITY REPORT

ON

“STUDY OF FLYOVER CONSTRUCTION IN NAGPUR

CITY”

Submitted by

Madhukar Prakash Diwase.

Roll no. 170
V Sem. B.E. CIVIL

Guide
(Prof. C.S. Dhanjode)
Lecturer Professor Civil Engineering Department

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

K. D. K. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, NAGPUR

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 (2022- 23)
K.D.K. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, NAGPUR

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL

ENGINEERING SESSION 2022 – 23

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the activity report on titled “STUDY OF FLYOVER

CONSTRUCTION IN NAGPUR CITY ” is carried for the partial fulfilment of the
requirement for Civil Engineering.

Madhukar Prakash Diwase (170)

Guide
Prof. C.S. Dhanjode

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 INDEX

1. Aim And Objectives.

2. Introduction
3. Methodology
4. Conclusion
5. Future Scope
6. Referance

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 Aim & Objectives

The project area is having very high density of traffic flow. The public felt inconvenient to cross the
busy five roads highways &therefore the flyover is essentially required at the junction.

For easy traffic flow of agricultural goods and industrial goods without traffic congestion flyover is
essential to overcome the traffic congestion required.

Public transportation systems include a variety of transit options such as buses, light rail,
and subways. These systems are available to the general public, may require a fare and run at
scheduled times. A metro system is a railway transport system in an urban area with a high capacity,
frequency and the grade separation from other traffic. Nagpur Metro is a new multi-model mass
rapid transport system (MMRTS) developed in Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. The MRTS covers a
total length of 38.21 km and is estimated to cost Rs 86.80bn($1.4bn). The Nagpur Metro
encompasses two alignments, which include the north-south corridor and the east-west corridor. In
this paper we come to know the various the constructional aspect and various techniques used in
construction of Nagpur metro rail also we go through the procedure of material used, casting,
construction method of pier and girder. This paper also explores the various some unique features of
Nagpur metro rail like construction feeder system and green metro taken into Nagpur metro rail.

Index Terms - Multi-Model Mass Rapid Transit System, Metro Rail, Nagpur Metro, finance, Green
Metro.

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 Introduction

The flyover-bridge intersection is an intersection that has a special bridge constructed over an at-
grade intersection to allow for the free flow in two directions on one of the main road to increase
capacity of traffic flow and reduce the traffic congestion in both of these directions, but underneath
of the bridge, the existing traffic signalization is still used to control traffic as the situation. The
flyover only facilitates traffic flows in the directions of the bridge, but the infrastructure cannot fully
solve all of the problems especially on the secondary road.

Nagpur: One of city’s busiest market places — Sadar and Chhaoni — are set to get rid of severe
traffic congestion after inauguration of the flyover on January 2.
The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) is yet to complete cement road below the flyover
which is likely to take two more months.

The flyover will be the city’s fourth to open for public. City comprises Shaheed
Gowari flyover over Sitabuldi, the flyover in front of railway station and over Katol Road from
Mankapur square. There are a many railway overbridges (ROBs) and railway underbridges (RUBs)
across the city. Three more flyovers are under construction on Wardha Road, Pardi and Kamptee
Road. One flyover over Chhatrapati square was demolished a couple of years ago. Another one in
front of railway station is likely to be removed in coming days.

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 Literature Survey

T. RAWAL “Integrated Multi-Modal Transportation In India” Multi-modal commuting

combines the benefits of walking, bicycle commuting or driving with the benefits of rapid transit
while balancing some of the major disadvantages of each individual mode .The location play a large
role in multi-modal commuting .When the commuter finds the distance between the origin and
destination too far to be enjoyable or practical ,commute by car or motorcycle to the station may
remain practical ,as long as last mile connectivity to destination is practical by walking ,a bicycle ,or
shuttle/feeder bus. The biggest challenge for Indian cities would be to achieve the highest level of
integration of multiple modes to shift the captive ridership of personalized transport to at least
partial usage of public transport for mixed-mode travel. It is also important that utilization of multi-
modal mass rapid transit system to its maximum capacity, depends on mobility of non-motorized
vehicles and intermediate para transit.

A. SAO, “Nagpur Metro Rail: A review” Nagpur Metro Rail System comprise with the
following features: • Greenest Metro

• Green Building

• Advance Project Management Technology (5D-BIM)

• Multi-Modal Mass Rapid Transit System (MMRTS)

• High quality and efficient feeder service

• Transit Oriented Development (TOD)

• Common Mobility card for Seamless travel

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 Methodology

DIFFERENT STAGES OF PROJECT

1.SURVEY AND ANALYSIS

Each and every civil engineering project starts with survey. There are various stages of survey.
first step of surveying is reconnaissance Then after that various maps of the site is studied. Only
after this detail survey of proposed project site is done. Here in this project a detail survey of the
siteis done by the Total Station and various other instruments of surveying and layout is drawn in
Autocad. With help of this total space available for construction, alignment of flyover and no. lanes
of flyover & total carriageway.

It should be noted that surveying not only plays an important role in the design of the project but
also in the execution.

2. TRAFFIC SURVEY AND ANALYSIS

The main purposes of traffic survey are: traffic monitoring, traffic control and management, traffic
enforcement, traffic forecasting, model calibration and validating etc. The purposes of carrying out
traffic volume count are designing, improving traffic system, planning, management etc.

Traffic forecast predicts the future traffic volume levels on the project road. In this project, the
flyover is designed to meet the requirements of traffic for next 25 years. From traffic survey it was
decided to design the flyover for live load for a single lane of class 70R or 2 lanes of class-A.

3. GEOTECHNICAL ASPECTS AND ANALYSIS

It is very necessary to carry out thorough soil investigation of the site as the whole load of the
structure is ultimately taken by soil through foundation. Feasibility, design and safety of the
structure all depends upon load bearing capacity of the soil strata at the site. For this purpose bore
holes were drilled in the ground to get information about the sub-soil strata. Boring was done at an
interval of 40m along the alignment and depth of exploration was 39m. Samples were taken from
the bore hole and tested in the laboratory and engineering properties of the soil was investigated.

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Also some field test was carried out. From these tests & investigations, it was concluded that the
Soil Bearing Capacity (SBC) of the site was 230 MPa..

4. PLANNING & DESIGN

All the results were taken into account and with help of Various Is Codes detailed planning and
design were prepared according to which execution is going through and the flyover is under
construction. From all available data a pile was designed and Initial Load Test for pile was done to
confirm the load carrying capacity of the single pile.

COMPONENTS INVOLVED

FOUNDATION

Piles and the Pile cap comes under the Foundation part Piles:

The function of pile is to transfer the load to the soil.

Three types of pile are there:

1. End bearing pile

2. Friction pile

3. End bearing and friction

In this project we used End bearing Pile, some parts of the load transferred by the pile by end
of remaining load is by the friction between pile and the surface of soil around the pile.Arrow in the
above image denotes how laid Transfer to the ground

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 Pile cap reinforcement

Piles usually exists as a group which are all integrated by means of a pile cap as shown in figure.
Piles carrying very heavy point loads tend to produce high tensile stress at the pile ca

Reinforcement is thus designed to provide:-

1. Resistance to tensile bending forces in the bottom of the

cap 2.Resistance to the vertical shear.

SUBSTRUCTURE

Pier and Pier-cap Support of superstructure, transfer dead and live load to pile.it also carries its
own considerable weight.

Pier : It is a raised structure typically supported by well-spaced piles or the pile cap. It can be made
by wooden concrete, steel, mixed, but in this project we use concrete pier with well-maintained iron
rod

Pier cap : The upper or bearing part of the pier, usually made of concrete or hard stone; designed to
distribute Concentrated loads evenly over the area of pier. The width of pier cap depends upon the
width of Carriageway, its size depends upon the live load and dead load bridge capacity.

SUPERSTRUCTURE

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Wearing surface

Consists of the deck structure itself, which support the direct loads due to traffic and all the other
Permanent and variable leads to which the structure is subjected. Also known as carriageway Width
of carriageway depends upon number of lane of flyover. For intermediate carriage-5.5 m and For
two lane-7.5 m.

Bearing :Bridge bearings are used to transfer forces from the superstructure to substructure,
allowing the following types of movements of the superstructure Translational movements; are
displacements in vertical and horizontal directions due to in place or out-of-Place forces like wind
and self-weight Rotational movements; cause due to moments. Until the middle of this century, the
bearings used considered of following types: -pin, roller, rocker, metal sliding etc.

Girder : It is support of carriageway between two piers, it is of many types like bos shape, Z
shape, l-shape and many other forms. In this flyover, 1-shape pre-stressed beam used

Crash barrier : A strong fence at the side of carriageway, intended to reduce the risk of serious
accidents It is of various types ex-wooden, tin, steel, cable, wire, concrete. Concrete barrier is
strongest one and cheap as well. Now these days in flyover concrete crash barrier is preferred
generally.

Machines And Equipment Used

PILE-In this particular project, we use rotary hammer machine for drilling purpose.

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 1. Pile boring procedure

Set up the Location of Bored Pile. We use Total Station instrument to survey each pile point. The
dia of the pile is 1.2m and the depth is 32m

5. INSERTION OF TREMIE AND POURING OF CONCRETE

Number of piles: number of piles required for a particular pier is depends upon the spam, length
number of lane of carriage way, capacity of a particular pile and type of bridge it is Capacity of

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each pile in this project is 230 tones

PILE CAPS

A pile cap is thick concrete mat that rests on piles to provide a suitable foundation It forms the
part of the foundation of structure. This pile cap distributes the load to piles uniformly

Pile capping Procedure

1. Shuttering and Reinforcement 2. Concreting 3. Curing

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Dimension of pile cap varies as number of piles and type of soil at that particular place, Carry a
height in the rage of 10-15 feet. In this project the height is taken as 10feet.

DESIGN AND SPECIFICATIONS OF FOUNDATION

1. Pile foundation with pile cap

2. No. of piles-4 for Abutments & 9 for piers
1. M35 Grade Concrete is used for casting piles & pile cap
2. Depth of pile 32000 mm & Dia of pile 1200 mm
3. Depth of pile cap is 3000mm
4. Bars used-Fe 500 Tor Steel Bar of Dia 28 mm & Dia 32 mm
5. Sand filling is done around per caps to control minimize expansion & contraction of
Structure and sand is economical also

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 PIER:

A part of substructure which transfers the load to pile followed by pile cap, its construction is a
Normal process of filling concrete mixture with steel rod arranged in particular manner as shown in
Picture. The dimensions and construction details of the cast-in-situ piers are given below.

Every single pier consists of Reinforcement bars of different dia (max upto 32mm)

1. Casted by using M35 grade Concrete.

2. Internal vibrators are used for compaction of concrete.

PIER CAP-

Main function is to distribute concentrated loads evenly over the area of pier. Pier cap carry a
standard shape of inverse triangle shape, which behave like a truss of compression and tension
member. I tried to show it in the picture below, tension member by dotted line and Compression
member by bold line, P1, P2, P3, P4, PS shows the vehicle load of the carriageway.
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I-GIRDER-

It is a pre-stressed beam of having a shape of t. that’s why also called as 1-girder. There are so
many factor are considering for its construction.

Its dimension varies as the dead and live load of carriageway. It is only for low spam Length
Bridge. Its length varies 20-40 m Here are some pictures which explains how to assemble it in
bridge.Lower part of I girder is of 600 mm, upper part is of 700 mm and middle part is 500 mm.
DECK-

The part of superstructure which carry the load of vehicle, also known as wearing surface. Also
support the crash barrier and light installation Its construction is of simple molding of concrete and

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steel bar (in well-arranged manner). Takes 28 days in Fully settings of concrete. Daily and enough
water is required for setting

CRASH BARRIER-

The Main purpose is to prevent the vehicle by ride of from the road, prevent the accident and also
used as holder of light installation.It is of size lower part 500 mm and upper part is of 200 mm in
parabolic shape w.r.t vertical line.

LIGHT INSTALLATION

Installation of light is different aspects of bridge construction, but we have to leave space

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According to its decoration. But in some project it comes in under it. I haven’t seen the process of
installation of light, construction of crash barrier and installation of Deck in this one-month training
period so don’t have too much idea about the processes.

QUALITY CONTROL

Test on Aggregates

Aggregate plays an important role in pavement construction, pile construction, pile construction.
Aggregates influence, to a great extent, the load transfer capability of pavements. Hence it is
essential that they should be thoroughly tested before using for construction. Not only that
aggregates should be strong and durable, they should also possess proper shape and size to make

The pavement act monolithically. Aggregates are tested for strength, toughness, hardness, and
shape and water absorption.

Crushing test-Used to determine the strength of aggregates.

The test consists of subjecting the specimen of aggregate in standard mould to a

compression test under standard load conditions. Dry aggregates passing through 12.5mm sieves
and retained 10 mm sieves are filled in a cylindrical measure of 11.5 mm diameter and a8 cm
height in three layers.
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Each layer is tamped 25 times with at standard rod. The test sample is weighted and placed in the
test cylinder in three layers each layer being tamped again. The specimen is subjected to a
compressive load of 40 tones gradually applied at the rate of 4 tones per minute. Then crushed
aggregates are then sieved through 2.36 m sieve and weight of passing material is expressed as
percentages of the total sample which is aggregate crushing value. A value less than 10 signifies an
exceptionally strong aggregate.

Impact test: -The aggregate impact test is carried out to evaluate the resistance to impact of
aggregates. Aggregate passing 12.5 mm sieve and retained 10 mm sieve is filled in a cylinder steel
cup of internal diameter 10.2 mm and depth of 5 cm which is attached to a metal base of impact
testing machine.

Shape test: - Flakiness and Elongation test

Flakiness index is defined as the percentage by weight of aggregate particles whose least
dimension less than 6 times their size. Flakiness gauge is used for this test. The elongation
index of an aggregate is defined as the percentage by weight of particles whose great
dimension is 1.8 times their mean dimension. This test is applicable to aggregate larger than
6.3 mm.
Elongation gauge is used for this test.

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 4. Bitumen adhesion test: -

Bitumen adheres well to all normal types of road aggregates provided they are dry and free
from dust. In the absence of water there is practically no adhesion problem of bituminous
construction. Adhesion problems occur when the aggregate is wet and cold. This problem
can be dealt with by removing moisture from the aggregates by drying and increasing and
mixing temperature.

TEST ON CEMENT

A. Date of packing: Date of manufacturing should be seen on the bag, it is important because
the strength of cement reduces with age.

B. Color: - The cement should be uniform in color. In general, the color of cement is grey with
a light greenish shade. The color of cement gives an indication of excess lime or clay and the degree
of burning.

C. Rubbing: -we take a pinch of cement between fingers and rub it. It should feel smooth

while rubbing. If it is rough, that means adulteration with sand.

D. Hand insertion: Thrust hand into the cement bag and it should give cool feeling. It
indicates that no hydration reaction is taking place in the bag.

E. Float test: - throw a small quantity of cement in a bucket of water. It should sink and should
not float on the surface.

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F. Shape test: - Take 100g of cement and make a stiff paste prepare a cake with sharp edges
and put on the glass plate. Immerse this plate in water. Observe that the shape shouldn't get disturb
while setting. It should be able to set and attain strength. Cement is capable of setting under water
also and that is why it is also called "hydraulic cement".

G. Strength test: A block of cement 25 mm 25 mm and 200 mm long is prepared and it is

immersed for 7 days in water. It is then placed on supports 15000 mm apart and it is loaded with a
weight of 340 N. The block should not show any sign of failure.

CONCLUSION

For the last two decades, Sadar and Chhaoni have been witnessing severe traffic congestion due
to narrow road between Liberty Square and Raj Bhavan’s rear gate. Sometimes, it takes around 30
minutes to cross this stretch of around 500m. Also, congestion can be seen from Chhaoni Square to
Nelson Square.

This project will prove a great asset to mankind as it will prevent chronic jams in traffic
gridlock in areas like LIC square, liberty square & chhaoni road Head and hence will save
considerable amount of fuel & time.

REFERENCE

1. https://m.timesofindia.com/city/nagpur/flyover-to-free-sadar-chhaoni-from-
trafficcongestion/articleshow/73010425.cms

2. https://theconstructor.org/transportation/flyover-types-design-advantages/568014/?amp=1
3. https://www.takeoffpros.com/2020/02/21/types-of-civil-surveying/
4. https://civiltoday.com/geotechnical-engineering/foundation-engineering/deepfoundation/176-
pile-foundation-definition-types

5. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/how-check-quality-cement-site-rajkumar-adhikari

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 PROGRAM OUTECOMES (PO’s)

PO1 – ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE: - As a design of cracks is very complex engineering

problem, with the help of this study mini project report. We are able to solve problems related to
design of crack by applying engineering fundamental.

PO2 – PROBLEM ANALYSIS: By identifying the various types of speed with the activity, we are
able to analyze & solve engineering problem & conclude the result by using engineering science.

PO7- ENVIRNOMENTAL AND SUSTAINABILITY: - With the help of this activity, we are
able to understand the impact of the professional engineering solution. In society & environmental
contend also understand the need for sustainable development.

PO9- INDIVIDUAL AND TEAM WORK: - Function effectively as an individual, and as a

member or leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.

PO10- COMMUNICATION: - Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with

the engineering community and with the society at large, such as, being able to comprehend.

PO11- PROJECT MANAGEMENT: - Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the

engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and leader
in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.

PO12- LIFE-LONG LEARNING: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability
to engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.

PSO2- SUSTAINABLE SOLUTION: - It has contemporary knowledge in civil engineering to

provide sustainable solutions to the societal problems.

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