The Etymology of the

SUIDÆ (SUINA and SWĪNĄ, SWIEN, SWINE, SIVENS, SVINIJA)

Joannes Richter
# # Language Definition 5-letter words
- P Translingual ("existing in multiple Suidae, family of the domestic and wild swines SUIDÆ
languages") (etymology: Sus + -idae) .
- P Suina, also known as Suiformes, is a suborder of SUINA
omnivorous, non-ruminant hoofed mammals in the order
Artiodactyla. (etymology: Sus + -ina; Latin sus (“hog”).)
1 P Proto-Germanic *sw *swīną *SWĪNĄ
*sweina- *SWEINA-
2 P Low German Swien SWIEN
3 P English Swine SWINE
4 P German Schwein (de) n SchWEIN
5 P Czech svině (cs) f SVINĚ
6 P Polish świnia (pl) f ŚWINIA
7 P Russian свиньяя (ru) f (svinʹjá) , свиянтус (ru) m (svíntus) SVINʹJÁ
- SVÍNTUS
8 - Lettish Sivens "young pig;" SIVENS
9 - Old Church Slavonic Svinija SVINIJA

Table 1 Pentagrammatons for the translated words for „Swine“

Abstract
The 5 categories for the alphabetic letters symbolize the 5 main (active and passive) articulators in the Places
of Articulation: the tongue, the lips, the palate, the teeth and the thoath.
The following vocabulary lists the 5-letter words, which refer to the 5 categories for the alphabetic letters.
The categories are highlighted as follows: lingual, labial, palatal, dental and guttural. The categories follow
Rabbi Saadia Gaon's commentary to the Sefer Jetsirah.
The family of the domestic and wild swines are the Suidae (SUIDÆ), which as a name represents a 5-letter
word (pentagrammaton). Suina (SUINA), also known as Suiformes, is a suborder of omnivorous, non-
ruminant hoofed mammals in the order Artiodactyla. (etymology: Sus + -ina; Latin sus (“hog”).) The word
Swine (SWINE) is derived from the Proto-Germanic *swīną (*SWĪNĄ), which is based on an adjectival
plural form of the Proto-Indo-European *suH- (SUH, “PIG”). Basically the “SWINE” is a plural description
of the group of suhling (“soiling”) individual pigs.
The Proto-Indo-European *suH- (SUH, “PIG”) is cognate to German „SUHLEN“ (suhlen, from Middle High
German süln, suln, soln, from Old High German *sullen (SULLEN), *solōn (attested in bisullen,
BISULLEN), from Proto-Germanic *sulwijaną, *sulwōną (SULWIJNANĄ, “to soil, make dirty”), from
Proto-Indo-European *sūl- (“thick liquid”). Cognate with English soil.).
The root *SU- is possibly imitative of pig noise (SUperman is “groaning”), which of course is nonsense if
the words are based on the 5 Place of articulation.
The families swines Suidae (SUIDÆ), the genus Suina (SUINA), the plural group or adults
“SWINE”, as well as the Germanic prototype *SWĪNĄ, English SWINE, German SchWEIN, Czech SVINĚ, low
German SWIEN, Polish ŚWINIA, Russian SVINʹJÁ, Lettish SIVENS, Old Church Slavonic SVINIJA, CUNAR,
GouROÚNA, MÀDRI, MATORICA, MERUN, PORKINO, PRASNICE, TIREFT, TRUÈJA, TRUIE, TRUJA are
genuine pentagrammatons. These name-givings may represent evidence, that important names of
animals may be composed with the 5 Place of articulation!
Introduction
The Family SUIDÆ and Genus “Sus”
The family of the domestic and wild swines are the Suidae (SUIDÆ), which as a name represents a
5-letter word (pentagrammaton).
Sus (/ˈsuːs/) is the genus of domestic and wild pigs, within the even-toed ungulate
family Suidae (SUIDÆ).

Suina (SUINA), also known as Suiformes, is a suborder of omnivorous, non-ruminant hoofed

mammals in the order Artiodactyla. (etymology: Sus + -ina; Latin sus (“hog”).)
Sus include domestic pigs (Sus domesticus) and their ancestor, the common Eurasian
wild boar (Sus scrofa), along with other species. Sus species, like all suids, are native to
the Eurasian and African continents, ranging from Europe to the Pacific islands. Suids
other than the pig are the babirusa of Indonesia, the pygmy hog of South Asia, the
warthogs of Africa, and other pig genera from Africa. The suids are a sister clade to
peccaries1.

Juvenile pigs are known as piglets.[2] Pigs live in complex social groups and are
considered one of the more intelligent mammals, as reflected in their ability to learn.[3]

With around 1 billion of this species alive at any time, the domestic pig is among the
most populous large mammals in the world.[4][5]

Pigs are omnivores and can consume a wide range of food.[6] Pigs are biologically
similar to humans and are thus frequently used for human medical research.[7]

With around 1 billion of this species alive at any time, the domestic pig is among the most populous
large mammals in the world.[4][5]

The origin of Swine (“pigs”) and the root *Su- (“pig”)

Basically the “SWINE” is a plural description of the group of suhling (“soiling”) individual pigs.
From Middle English swyn, swin, from Old English swīn, from Proto-West Germanic *swīn, from
Proto-Germanic *swīną (SWĪNĄ), from an adjectival form of Proto-Indo-European *suH- (“pig”).
By surface analysis, sow + -en.
Middle English soue, from Old English sugu, su "female of the swine, adult female hog," from
Proto-Germanic *su- (source also of Old Saxon, Old High German su, German Sau, Dutch
ZEUG, Old Norse syr)2.

The root *SU- is possibly imitative of pig noise (SUperman is “groaning”), which of course is
nonsense if the words are based on the 5 Place of articulation:
This is held to be from PIE root *su- (source also of Sanskrit sukarah "wild boar, SWINE;"
Avestan hu "wild boar;" Greek hys "swine;" Latin sus "swine," swinus "pertaining to swine;"
Old Church Slavonic SVINIJA "swine;" Lettish SIVENS "young pig;" Welsh hucc, Irish suig
"swine; Old Irish socc "snout, plowshare"). The root is possibly imitative of pig noise, a
notion reinforced by the fact that Sanskrit sukharah means "maker of (the sound) 'su.' "

1 Source: Sus
2 sow
The plural of the word swine
Old English swin "domestic pig, hog, sow; wild boar" (commonly used in a plural sense, of such
animals collectively), from Proto-Germanic *SWEINA- (source also of Old Saxon, Old Frisian
Middle Low German, Old High German swin, Middle Dutch SWIJN, Dutch ZWIJN, German
SchWEIN, Old Norse, Swedish, Danish svin), neuter adjective (with suffix *-ino-). This is from PIE
*su- "pig" (see sow (n.)).3
The native word, it has been largely ousted by pig (n.1). Applied to persons from late 14c., "mean or
degraded, sensual and coarse."
• From Middle English swynLow German, swin, from Old English swīn, from Proto-West
Germanic *swīn, from Proto-Germanic *swīną (SWĪNĄ), from an adjectival form of Proto-
Indo-European *suH- (“pig”). By surface analysis, sow + -en. 4
Related to West Frisian swyn, Swien (SWIEN), Dutch zwijn, German Schwein (SchWEIN), Danish
and Swedish svin, and more distantly to Polish świnia (ŚWINIA), Russian свиньяя (SVINʹJÁ), Latin
sūinus (SŪINUS), Latin sūs, Ancient Greek ὗς (hûs), Persian‫( ککک‬xuk).
The following overview in the appendix concentrates the ~9 genuine pentagrammatons: the Germanic
prototype*SWĪNĄ, English SWINE, German SchWEIN, Czech SVINĚ, low German SWIEN, Polish ŚWINIA,
Russian SVINʹJÁ, Lettish SIVENS, Old Church Slavonic SVINIJA. In the course of time the other (~20) words
of the overview are deteriorated from the genuine pentagrammatons.

3 swine (n.)
4 swine sow
Summary
The 5 categories for the alphabetic letters symbolize the 5 main (active and passive) articulators in
the Places of Articulation: the tongue, the lips, the palate, the teeth and the thoath.
The following vocabulary lists the 5-letter words, which refer to the 5 categories for the alphabetic
letters. The categories are highlighted as follows: lingual, labial, palatal, dental and guttural. The
categories follow Rabbi Saadia Gaon's commentary to the Sefer Jetsirah.
The family of the domestic and wild swines are the Suidae (SUIDÆ), which as a name represents a
5-letter word (pentagrammaton). Suina (SUINA), also known as Suiformes, is a suborder of
omnivorous, non-ruminant hoofed mammals in the order Artiodactyla. (etymology: Sus + -ina;
Latin sus (“hog”).)
The word Swine (SWINE) is derived from the Proto-Germanic *swīną (*SWĪNĄ), which is based
on an adjectival plural form of the Proto-Indo-European *suH- (SUH, “PIG”). Basically the
“SWINE” is a plural description of the group of suhling (“soiling”) individual pigs.
The Proto-Indo-European *suH- (SUH, “PIG”) is cognate to German „SUHLEN“ (suhlen, from
Middle High German süln, suln, soln, from Old High German *sullen (SULLEN), *solōn (attested
in bisullen, BISULLEN), from Proto-Germanic *sulwijaną, *sulwōną (SULWIJNANĄ, “to soil,
make dirty”), from Proto-Indo-European *sūl- (“thick liquid”). Cognate with English soil.).
The root *SU- is possibly imitative of pig noise (SUperman is “groaning”), which of course is
nonsense if the words are based on the 5 Place of articulation.
The families swines Suidae (SUIDÆ), the genus Suina (SUINA), the plural group or adults
“SWINE”, as well as the Germanic prototype*SWĪNĄ, English SWINE, German SchWEIN, Czech SVINĚ, low
German SWIEN, Polish ŚWINIA, Russian SVINʹJÁ, Lettish SIVENS, Old Church Slavonic SVINIJA, CUNAR,
GouROÚNA, MÀDRI, MATORICA, MERUN, PORKINO, PRASNICE, TIREFT, TRUÈJA, TRUIE, TRUJA are
genuine pentagrammatons. These name-givings may represent evidence, that important names of
animals may be composed with the 5 Place of articulation!
Contents
Abstract............................................................................................................................................1
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
The Family SUIDÆ and Genus “Sus”........................................................................................3
The origin of Swine (“pigs”) and the root *Su- (“pig”)..............................................................3
The plural of the word swine......................................................................................................4
Summary..........................................................................................................................................5
Appendix 1 – The Swine overview (plural).....................................................................................7
Appendix 2 - The selected Sow-Overview (male & female)...........................................................8
Appendix 3 - The complete Sow-Overview (female)......................................................................9
Appendix 1 – The Swine overview (plural)
The following overview in the appendix concentrates the ~9 genuine pentagrammatons: the Germanic
prototype*SWĪNĄ, English SWINE, German SchWEIN, Czech SVINĚ, low German SWIEN, Polish ŚWINIA,
Russian SVINʹJÁ, Lettish SIVENS, Old Church Slavonic SVINIJA. In the course of time the other (~20) words
of the overview are deteriorated from the genuine pentagrammatons.
Language Definition of the Suidae & Suina (SWINEs) 5-letter words

1 P Proto-Germanic *sw *swīną *SWĪNĄ

2 P English swine (pig); (plural swine or swines) SWINE
3 P German Schwein (de) n SchWEIN
4 P Czech svině (cs) f SVINĚ
5 P Low German Swien SWIEN
6 P Polish świnia (pl) f ŚWINIA
7 P Russian свиньяя (ru) f (svinʹjá) , свиянтус (ru) m (svíntus) SVINʹJÁ,
SVÍNTUS
8 - Lettish Sivens "young pig;" SIVENS
9 - Old Church Slavonic Svinija SVINIJA
- Proto-West Germanic *swīn *SWĪN
- Mandarin 卑賤的人／卑贱 的人
的人 (zh) (bēijiàn de rén) BĒIJIÀN
- Hungarian disznó (hu) 5
DISZNÓ
- Korean 돼지 (ko) (dwaeji) DWAEJI
- Hebrew ‫( חזיר‬he) m ḤĂZĪRĀ
- Ottoman Turkish ‫( خنزیر‬hınzır) HINZIR
- French porc (fr) m, PORC
- Finnish sika (fi) 6 SIKA
- Latin sūinus SŪINUS
- Latin sūs SŪS
- Danish svin (da) n SVIN
- Swedish svin (sv) n SVIN
- Icelandic svín (is) n SVÍN
- Old English swīn SWĪN
- Middle English swyn SWYN
- West Frisian swyn SWYN
- Middle English swyn, swin SWYN, SWIN
- Persian xuk XUK
- Dutch zwijn ZWIJN
- Ancient Greek ὗς (hûs) ὟΣ (HÛS)
Table: The overview the ~9 genuine SWINE-pentagrammatons

5 disznó (hu)Borrowing from an Oghur language before the times of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin
(at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries).[1] Compare Chuvash сысна (sysna, “pig”), Eastern Mari сӧсна (sösna,
“pig”). Dialectal gyisznó retains an older form of the word.
6 From Proto-Finnic *cika. Cognate with Estonian siga, Livonian sigā, Võro tsiga.
Appendix 2 - The selected Sow-Overview (male & female)
The following overview in the appendix concentrates the 15 genuine pentagrammatons for the
individual maternal “sow”, which may be chosen for various specifications of the gender (boar,
respectively maternity) or sowing, or a pig's grunt. In the course of time the other words of the
overview are deteriorated from the genuine pentagrammatons: CUNAR, GouROÚNA, MÀDRI,
MATORICA, MERUN, PORKINO, PRASNICE, SVIŇA, SVINĚ, SVINJA, SVYNJÁ, TIREFT, TRUÈJA, TRUIE,
TRUJA.

# Definitions Etymology of the female members in the Definition of the Suidae & Suina (SWINE)
1 Welsh CUNAR, For Cunar the etymology is missing or incomplete.
Greek GouROÚNA, (Referring to the ?) sow (female pig) : χοίρος m (choíros)

2 Sardinian MÀDRI, These words seem to refer to Maternity of the sow

Macedinian MATORICA,
Armenian MERUN,
3 Ido PORKINO, Porcine, reference to a boar (male pig): BOAR:
Czech PRASNICE,
4 Slovik SVIŇA, Reference to the family “Swine” (SWINE)
Czech SVINĚ,
Bulgarian SVINJA,
Bulgarian SVYNJÁ

5 TarifitTIREFT7, Inherited from Late Latin troia. Cognate with Italian troia, Occitan truèja TRUÈJA,
Occitan TRUÈJA, Catalan truja TRUJA, Walloon troye. Further origin uncertain. It has been compared to
French TRUIE, Latin porcus Troiānus (literally “Trojan pig”), a singularly attested name for a stuffed
Catalan TRUJA
roast of pork, so called by humorous comparison to the “filled” Trojan horse. More
likely from a Gaulish *trogja, from a root meaning “to pull” and thence also “fertile”.
Finally it might be an imitative formation after the sound of a pig's grunt.

Table 2 The 15 genuine pentagrammatons for the individual mal “boar” or female“sow”

7 tiřeft f (Tifinagh spelling ⵜⵉⵔⴻⴼⵜ, plural tiřfin or tiřfatin, masculine iřef) (This etymology is missing or
incomplete). Source: tireft
Appendix 3 - The complete Sow-Overview (female)
The following overview lists the complete list of all translations of the 15 genuine and deteriorated
pentagrammatons for the individual mal “boar” or female“sow”.
Some of the words refer to the male “boar” (in Scandinavia: BJORN). Originally "young pig" (the
word for adults was SWINE). “su” is the "female of the swine”, hu in Avestan: "wild boar (?).
An adjectival form is porcine. The family is suid “Suidae” (as with bovid, canid).
# # Language Definition 5-letter words / pentagrammaton Remarks and references
1 P Welsh cynar f, cunar f CYNAR, CUNAR Unknown etymology
2 P Greek γουρούνα (el) f GOuROÚNA sow (female pig) ?
(gouroúna),
σκρόφα (el) f (skrófa)
3 P Sardinian cópia f, màdri f, súe f MÀDRI Maternity ?
4 P Macedonian маторица f (matorica), MATORICA Maternity ?
прасица f (prasica)
5 P Armenian մերուն (hy) (merun), MERUN Maternity ?
գոճամայր (hy)
(gočamayr),
խոզամայր (hy)
(xozamayr)
6 P Ido porkino (io) PORKINO boar (male pig), porcine
7 P Slovak sviňa (sk) f SVIŇA Reference to Swine
8 P Czech svině (cs) f, SVINĚ , PRASNICE Reference to Swine
prasnice (cs)
9 P Bulgarian свиня майка (svinja SVINJA Reference to Swine
majka)
10 P Ukrainian свиняя f (svynjá), SVYNJÁ Reference to Swine
льояха f (lʹóxa)
11 P Tarifit tireft f TIREFT Reference to sow
12 P Occitan truèja (oc) f, pòrca f TRUÈJA Reference to
13 P “(hog of) Troy” An adult swine
French truie (fr) f TRUIE
(contrasted with a pig, a young
14 P Catalan truja (ca) f, porca (ca) f, TRUJA, PORCA swine)
verra (ca) f

Hebrew ‫ חז זי הירה‬f ‫ חז זי הירה‬F

Persian ‫( ماده خوک‬mâde-xuk) ‫( ماده خوک‬MÂDE-XUK)
Indonesian babi betina BABI BETINA
Spanish cerda (es) f, marrana f, CERDA (ES) F, MARRANA F,
puerca f, PUERCA F,
Irish cráin (ga) f CRÁIN (GA) F Sow (?)
Albanian dosë (sq) f DOSË (SQ) F
Bikol Central dulag (bcl) DULAG (BCL)
Finnish emakko (fi), EMAKKO (FI),
emäsika (fi) EMÄSIKA (FI)
Ingrian emikko, imikkosika EMIKKO, IMIKKOSIKA
Estonian emis (et) EMIS (ET)
Asturian gocha (ast) GOCHA (AST)
Breton gwiz (br) GWIZ (BR)
Volapük jisvin (vo) JISVIN (VO)
Malay khinzir betina KHINZIR BETINA
Lithuanian kiaulė (lt) f KIAULĖ (LT) F
Hungarian koca (hu), nőstény KOCA (HU), NŐSTÉNY
disznó., emse (hu) DISZNÓ., EMSE (HU)
Serbo- krmača (sh) f, KRMAČA (SH) F,
Croatian prasica (sh) f PRASICA (SH) F
Roman
Farefare kurkur-yã'aŋa KURKUR-YÃ'AŊA
Polish locha (pl) f, LOCHA (PL) F,
maciora (pl) f MACIORA (PL) F
Venetian lùja, lùgia f, scroa f, LÙJA, LÙGIA F, SCROA F,
scrova f, vera f, SCROVA F, VERA F, MASCIA F,
mascia f, porseƚa f, PORSEƚA F, ROJA F
roja f
Vurës mmal MmAL
Turkmen mekejin MEKEJIN
Maori poaka uwha POAKA UWHA porcine
Aromanian poarcã f POARCÃ F Porcine, Reference to Boar
Galician porca (gl) f, bodalla f, PORCA (GL) F, BODALLA F, porcine
godalla f, golerpa f, GODALLA F, GOLERPA F,
barrionda f, BARRIONDA F,
ferruxe (gl) f, FERRUXE (GL) F,
marrá (gl) f MARRÁ (GL) F
Portuguese porca (pt) f PORCA (PT) F porcine
Sicilian porca f, troja f, scrofa f PORCA F, TROJA F, SCROFA F porcine
Esperanto porkino PORKINO Porcine, Reference to Boar
Norwegian purke (no) f or m, PURKE (NO) F OR M, SUGGE F Purce: Porcine
Bokmål sugge f or m, OR M, HUNNGRIS M,
hunngris m, hunnsvin n HUNNSVIN N
Norwegian purke f, purka f, PURKE F, PURKA F, SUGGE F, Hogris
Nynorsk sugge f, hogris m, HOGRIS M, HOSVIN N
hosvin n
Sorbian rampa f RAMPA F
Plautdietsch Säaj f SÄAJ F
Reference to sow
German Sau (de) f, SAU (DE) F,
Mother-Schwein
Mutterschwein n MUTTERSCHWEIN N
Romanian scroafă (ro), SCROAFĂ (RO), PURCEA (RO), porcine
purcea (ro), (popular) (POPULAR) POARCĂ (RO)
poarcă (ro)
Italian scrofa (it) f, troia (it) f SCROFA (IT) F, TROIA F(IT) F Reference to Troy
Latin scrōfa f, porca (la) f SCRŌFA F, PORCA (LA) F Reference to porcine
Friulian scrove f SCROVE F
Danish so (da) c SO (DA) C
Swedish so (sv) c, sugga (sv) c SO (SV) C, SUGGA (SV) C
 Low German Söög f SÖÖG F
Old Saxon sū f SŪ F “su” is the "female of the
Old High sū f SŪ F swine”
German
Middle High sū f SŪ F
German
Old English sugu f SUGU F Swine
Faroese súgv f SÚGV F Swine
Old Norse sýr f SÝR F
Icelandic sýr f SÝR F
Vilamovian zaoj f ZAOJ F
Dutch zeug (nl) f ZEUG (NL) F Reference to sow
Ancient δέλφαξ f (délphax) ΔΈΛΦΑΞ F (DÉLPhAX)
Greek
Ossetian дзӕргъ (ʒærǧ) (Iron), ДЗӔРГЪ (ƷÆRǦ) (IRON),
дзӕргъӕ (ʒærǧæ) ДЗӔРГЪӔ (ƷÆRǦÆ) (DIGOR)
(Digor)
Ingush жаргӏа (žarğa) ЖАРГӏА (ŽARĞA)
Chechen жаргӏа (žarğa) ЖАРГӏА (ŽARĞA)
Bashkir инә сусҡа (inə susqa) ИНӘ СУСҠА (INƏ SUSQA)
Kazakh мегежін (megejın) МЕГЕЖІН (MEGEJIN)
Udi нийал (nijal) НИЙАЛ (NIJAL)
Russian свиньяя (ru) f (svinʹjá), СВИНЬЯя (RU) F (SVINʹJÁ),
свиномаятка (ru) f СВИНОМАя ТКА (RU) F
(svinomátka) (SVINOMÁTKA)
Bats ნეზვ (nezv) ნეზვ (NEZV)
Georgian ნეზვი (nezvi), ქუბი ნეზვი (NEZVI), ქუბი (KUBI)
(kubi)
Arabic ‫ خي زن يز ة‬f (ḵinzīra)
‫يرة‬ ‫ خي زن يز ة‬F (ḴINZĪRA)
‫يرة‬
Sinhalese ඊර (si) (īri) ඊර (SI) (ĪRI)
Burmese ဝကမ(my) (wakma.) ဝကမ(MY) (WAKMA.)
Korean 암퇘지 (ko) (amtwaeji) 암퇘지 (KO) (AMTWAEJI)
Japanese 雌豚 (めぶた, mebuta) 雌豚 (めぶた, MEBUTA)

The 15 genuine and deteriorated pentagrammatons for the individual mal “boar” or female“sow”