Basic fundamentals of Full stack development
1.What is web development?
Web development is the process of creating and maintaining websites or web
application. it involves a variety of tasks, including :
Front-End Development: This focuses on the visual aspects of a website
that users interact with directly. It typically involves HTML, CSS, and
JavaScript to build and style the user interface.
Back-End Development: This involves the server-side of a website, where
developers work with databases, server logic, and application integration.
Technologies often used include server-side languages like Python, Ruby,
PHP, and databases like MySQL or MongoDB.
Full-Stack Development: This is a combination of both front-end and back-
end development, covering all aspects of web development.
Web Design: This focuses on the aesthetics and usability of a website,
including layout, color schemes, and overall user experience (UX) design.
Web Maintenance: This involves updating and managing the website,
fixing bugs, and ensuring that it continues to function correctly over time.
Web development can range from building simple static pages to complex
dynamic applications and requires a range of technical skills and tools.
2.What is website?
A website is a collection of related web pages that are typically identified by
a common domain name and published on a web server. Websites can serve
a variety of purposes, including providing information, offering services,
selling products, or facilitating communication.
Each web page is usually accessible through a web browser using the
domain name of the website. Websites can range from simple personal blogs
to complex e-commerce platforms and large corporate sites.
4.Website instances
Website category Website name Purpose
Search engine Google Helps users find
information on the web
Social Media Facebook Connects people and
shares content
E-commerce Amazon Online shopping and
selling platform
Educational Geeksforgeeks Offers free educational
courses
5.Search engines
A search engine is a software system that helps users find information on the
internet. When users enter a query or keyword, the search engine scans its
database and returns a list of relevant websites or resources.
Search engines use algorithms to index and rank websites based on various
factors, such as content relevance, authority, and user interaction.
Here are some examples of search engines:
Google – www.google.com
Bing – www.bing.com
Yahoo – www.yahoo.com
DuckDuckGo – www.duckduckgo.com
Baidu – www.baidu.com
Yandex – www.yandex.com
Ecosia – www.ecosia.org
These search engines are used to find information on the internet.
Merits of Search Engines:
Quick access to vast information.
Easy to use.
Offers a variety of resources (websites, images, etc.).
Useful for research.
Customizable searches.
Free to use.
Demerits of search engine
Information overload.
Potential for inaccurate or misleading info.
Privacy concerns (data tracking).
Biased search results.
SEO-driven rankings can affect quality.
Limited access to deep web content.
6.Define Domain
A domain can also be referred to as a website address, web address, URL,
odomain name. It represents the unique name that identifies a specific
website on the internet.
7.DNS
DNS stands for Domain Name System. It is a system that translates
human-readable domain names (like www.example.com) into IP
addresses (like 192.0.2.1) that computers use to identify each other on
the internet.
Essentially, DNS acts like a phonebook for the internet, helping
browsers locate and access websites by converting domain names into
machine-readable IP addresses.
8.HTTP
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is a set of rules for transferring data
between your web browser and a website.
When you visit a website, HTTP is used to request and deliver the
webpage content to you. It helps your browser and the website
communicate with each other.
9.Difference between HTTP and HTTPS
Feature HTTP (Hypertext HTTPS
Transfer (Hypertext
Protocol) Transfer Protocol
Secure)
Encryption No encryption Encrypted
Port 80 443
Security Less secure More secure
URL Prefix http:// https://
Use For general sites For secure
transactions
10.Fast Fourier Transform
In full-stack development, FFT typically stands for Fast Fourier
Transform. FFT is an algorithm used to compute the Fourier Transform
of a signal or data set efficiently.
It is widely used in signal processing, data analysis, and image
processing to convert data from time or spatial domain to the
frequency domain.
11.Web application
A web application is a software application that runs on a web server rather
than being installed locally on a user’s device. Users interact with web
applications through a web browser, which sends requests to the server
where the application is hosted.
Examples of Web Applications
Google Docs
Merits:
Accessible from any device with internet access.
Supports real-time collaboration.
Automatic saving and version history.
Demerits:
Requires an internet connection.
Privacy concerns with data stored on external servers
Facebook
Merits:
Connects people globally.
Offers a wide range of features (e.g., messaging, news feed, groups).
Highly customizable user experience.
Demerits:
Privacy and data security issues.
Can be distracting and impact productivity.
General Merits of Web Applications
Accessibility: Can be accessed from any device with an internet
connection.
Maintenance: Centralized updates and maintenance.
Cost-Effective: Often cheaper to deploy and maintain than desktop
applications.
General Demerits of Web Applications
Internet Dependency: Requires a stable internet connection.
Security: Potential for security vulnerabilities and data breaches.
Performance: May be slower compared to native applications due to
browser constraints and network latency.
12. E-learning
**E-learning** (electronic learning) refers to the use of digital tools and
technologies to deliver educational content and facilitate learning outside
traditional classrooms. This can include online courses, virtual classrooms,
educational videos, interactive simulations, and other digital resources.
Examples of E-Learning Platforms
1. **Coursera**
- **Description:** Offers online courses, specializations, and degrees from
top universities and organizations worldwide.
- **Features:** Includes video lectures, quizzes, peer-reviewed
assignments, and forums.
2. **Khan Academy**
- **Description:** Provides free educational resources for a wide range of
subjects, from elementary to high school and introductory college levels.
- **Features:** Includes instructional videos, practice exercises, and
personalized learning dashboards.
3. **Udemy**
- **Description:** Features a large marketplace of courses on various
subjects, created by instructors from around the world.
- **Features:** Offers video lectures, quizzes, and lifetime access to course
materials
4.Duolingo
- **Description:** Provides gamified language learning through a mobile
app and website.
- **Features:** Offers interactive lessons, practice exercises, and progress
tracking.
These platforms illustrate the range of e-learning options available,
catering to different educational needs and preferences.
