Pharmacognosy Chapter 5 A

Study Of Crude Drugs

Laxatives
The drugs are used to treat Constipation are called laxative .
They are also used in anorectal ( related to anus and rectum ) disorder ,and to prepare
for colonoscopy .
Examples
1) Aloe 2) Castor Oil 3) Ispaghula 4) Senna

1) Aloe
Q Drugs Parts Biological Source Family Chemical Medicinal uses
1 Aloe Juice Aloe barbadensis Liliaceae Aloin 1) Used in mouth and
stomach ulcer.
2) Its gel is useful in burn
and wound healing .
3) It has laxative effects .
4) It shows anti- bacterial ,
anti-inflammatory effect .

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2 Castor Oil Seed Ricinus Communis Euphorbiaceae Triglyceride 1) It acts as cathartic .
linn 2) It is used for lubrication.
3 Ispaghula seed Plantago plantaginaceae Petosan 1) it has laxative effect .
Amplaxicaulis 2) it used to treat chronic
constipation .
3) It used for rhheumatic
pain .
4 Senna Leaves Cassia Angustifolia Leguminoseae Senoside A 1) It is mainly used for
and senoside purgative .
B 2) It is used as cathartic .

Cardiotonic
The drugs increase the Contraction force of heart are called cardiotonics .
1 Digitalis Leaves Digitalis Purpurea Plantaginaceae Glycoside A 1) It increases the
&B contraction force of heart .
2 Arjuna Bark Terminalia arjuna Combretaceae Tannins , 1) it improve the function
Arjunolic of Cardiac muscle .
Acid 2) it maintain normal
cholesterol level.
3) it is used to treat
dysentery and ear ache .

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Carminatives and G.I. Regulators
These are the drugs which used to treat stomach and intestinal pain and they expel gas
from GIT by increasing peristaltic movement .

1 Coriander Fruit Coriandrum Umbellifereae Volatile oil , 1) It is used as carminative .

sativum Fixed Oil 2) It lowers blood sugar level
3) It lowers blood pressure .
4) It is useful in urinary tract
infection .
5) It prevent food poisoning .
6) It improves cholesterol level .
2 Fennel Fruits Foeniculam Umbelliferae Fixed Oil , 1) It is used as carminative .
vulgary Phenolic acid 2) It used as expectorant .
3 Cardamom Fruit Elettaria Zingiberacecae Volatile Oil 1) It is used for treating indigestion .
Cardamomum ,fixed oil , Constipation and flatulence .
calcium 2) it is used as an antidote for snake
and scorpion venom .
oxalate 3) it is used to treat nausea ( in
pregnancy also ) .
4) Its oil is used as carminative ,
antispasmodic ,and antiseptic .
4 Ginger Rhizo Zingiber Zingiberaceae Volatile oil ,Fat 1) It is used as a stomachic ,
me Officinale and fiber carminative .

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5 Black Fruit Piper Nigrum Pipraceae Piperine , 1) It is used as aromatic ,
paper line Volatile oil stimulant , stomachic and
carminative .
2) It increases the bioavailability
of some drugs .
6) Asafoetida Resin Ferula Foetida Umbelliferae Asaresinota- 1) It is use as antispasmodic
nnol ,carminative ,expectorant ,and
laxative .
2) It is used in nervous disorder .
7 Nutmeg Kernel Myristica Myristicaceae Volatile oil, 1) It is used as carminative .
Fragnance Myristicin 2) It shows a narcotic and
anaesthetic action on CNS.
8 Cinnamon Bark Cinnamo-mum Lauraceae Volatile oil 1) It is a powerful Carminative ,
Zeylanicum stomachic and antiseptic .
2) It is used against several
fungal and bacterial infection .
3) It is used to treat type 2
diabetes .
9 Clove Flowe Eugenia Mytraceae Volatile oil, 1) It is a carminative .
r Buds Caryophyllus Gallotannic 2) It is used to treat Vomiting
acid and dizziness .
3) It removes the intestinal
worms .
4) it increases appetite .

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Astringents
Astringents are those chemical substances which Constrict the body tissues and also
stop the body secretion .
1 Myrobalan Fruit Phyllantheus Euphorbiaceae Vitamin C 1) It is used as astringent .
Emblica Phyllemblin 2) It improves the function of
liver .
3) It is a brain tonic .
4) It improves the eyesight.
5) It prevent the falling of hair
and occurrence of dandruff .
6) it improves the immune
system .
7) it lowers the blood sugar
level .
2) Black Catechu Extract Acacia Leguminosae Tannic Acid , 1) It is used as astringent .
Catechu catechin 2) It is used in GIT disturbance .
3) It is used to treat ulcer ,boils
, and skin eruptions .

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